Tajikistan: Food Security and Poverty №2– 2016

Transcription

1. Food Security and Poverty №2 - 2016 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan
2. Editorial board : Hasansoda G. - Chairman of Editorial Board - Deputy Chairman of Editorial Board Members of editorial board: Shokirzoda Sh., Asoev A., Davlatzoda K., Odilov U., Kasimov H., Minakova S., Gafurov Sh., Kulov A., Asmatbekov F., Nadjibulloev A. Responsible for: - 104 sections of the Bulletin Vital and Employment Statistics Kulov A.N. 227-80-88 Social Statistics Budnikova E.V. Prices and Tariffs Nadjibulloev A. 227-94-88 227-94-89 Finances / Gross Domestic Product Minakova S. Trade, External Activity Asmatbekov F. 227-82-66 Agriculture, Nature and Environment Statistics Hodjaev Z. 227-81-14 227-98-71 -preparation of the main document, systematization of parts, and design: Economic Analysis and International Relations Department Kosimov H. Tel. 221-23-87 e-mail: stat@tojikiston.com -publication: Chief of Central Computer Center of the Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan Odilov U. Tel: 227-96-09 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
3. Food Security and Poverty Introduction In accordance with European Commission Matrix on Policy Reform of Memorandum of Understanding on Food Security Program in the Republic of Tajikistan the decision about preparation and publishing of Quarterly Food Security Bulletin was made to ensure system of reliable operative information and analysis of current food security situation in the Republic of Tajikistan . The Bulletin is being published on Tajik, Russian, and English languages on quarterly basis, starting from 2005. “Food security presumes that all people have access, at all time, to sufficient food required for an active and healthy life. Food security also means physical availability of food in sufficient quantities, accessibility of those foodstuffs for households (through the market and other sources, that suppose sufficient purchasing power), as well as consumption of food in quantities required for satisfying of nutritional needs”. The main indicators covered by the Bulletin are production of food, food availability and accessibility, areas under crops, agricultural production and productivity, main climatic conditions, health indicators, water supply, prices, and quantitative indicators reflecting situation on food market. The Appendices to the Bulletin show indicators of Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, information on nutritional status of various socio-economic groups of the population. The presented Quarterly Food Security Information Bulletin of Tajikistan was prepared by the Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan with participation of key Ministries and Departments (Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Health and Social Protection of Population, Ministry of Labor, Migration and Employment, Ministry of Education and Science, Ministry of Transport, Hydrometeorological Agency under the Committee for Nature and Forestry Protection of the Republic of Tajikistan, etc.). The publication is intended both for specialists and all interested persons. All recommendations, suggestions and remarks related to the content of the Bulletin should be addressed to the Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan at the following address: 17 Bokhtar Street Dushanbe 734025 Tajikistan Tel. (992 372) 212387, Fax (992 372) 214375 email: stat@tojikiston.com http://www.stat.tj Remark: Currently, the data on food balance are being revised with consideration of the recommendations proposed by the Expert from FAO’s Statistical Division under the Support to Strengthening of National. Food Security Information System Project, implemented by Statistical Agency and FAO. Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 105
4. Food Security and Poverty CONTENTS Introduction .........................................................................................................................105 Overview .............................................................................................................................108 CHAPTER I. SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS ....................................................110 1.1. Gross Domestic Product ..........................................................................................110 1.2. Price and Tariff Indices ...........................................................................................111 1.3. Foreign trade ...........................................................................................................111 1.4. Labor market ...........................................................................................................112 CHAPTER II. AVAILABILITY OF FOOD ..................................................................113 2.1. Growth in agricultural production ...........................................................................113 2.1.1 Outlook of agricultural production ....................................................................114 2.1.2. Crop production................................................................................................115 2.1.3. Livestock production ......................................................................................116 2.2. Producer prices ........................................................................................................117 2.3. Trade in basic foodstuffs .........................................................................................119 2.4. Availability of food per capita.................................................................................120 CHAPTER III. ACCESS TO FOOD ..............................................................................121 3.1. Consumer prices ......................................................................................................121 3.2. Incomes and Expenditures ......................................................................................124 3.2.1. Incomes ............................................................................................................124 3.2.2. Expenditures ....................................................................................................125 3.3. Poverty in the Republic of Tajikistan ......................................................................125 3.3.1 Food insecurity: households with spend more than 70% of expenditures on food .......................................................................................................................126 CHAPTER IV. USE AND UTILIZATION ....................................................................126 4.1. Consumption of food products by the population ...................................................126 4.2. Food security indicators not related to income .......................................................128 4.2.1. Population morbidity .................................................................................128 4.2.2. Birth, mortality, and natural population growth rates ...............................129 106 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
5. Food Security and Poverty METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................133 Appendix 1. Review of hydro-meteorological conditions ..................................................136 Appendix 2. Changes in average wholesale prices in Tajikistan ........................................139 Appendix 3. Changes in average consumer prices in Tajikistan.........................................140 Appendix 4. Money incomes, expenditures and consumption of households, by decile population groups in the Republic of Tajikistan .................................................................142 Appendix 5. Distribution of households and population in them by per capita income in the Republic of Tajikistan ...............................................................................................144 Appendix 6. Structure of average monthly expenditures of population in the Republic of Tajikistan.........................................................................................................................145 Appendix 7. Per capita consumption of food in the republic of Tajikistan ........................149 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 107
6. Food Security and Poverty OVERVIEW According to preliminary estimates , Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for JanuaryJune 2016 was valued at 21979.3 million somoni, and increased by 6.6% as compared to the similar period of 2015 (in constant prices). The value of gross agricultural output in January – June 2016 in all categories of farms increased by 9.9% (in comparable prices) as compared to the similar period of 2015 and amounted to 5298.2 mln.somoni, of which: plant products– 3099.7 mln.somoni (increased by 15.2%), and animal products – 2198.5 mln.somoni (increased by 3.2%). In January – June 2016, farms of all categories produced 65918 tons of meat (slaughtered) (or 103.8% as compared to the similar period of the previous year) and 337019 tons of milk (102.9%) In January – June 2016, the imports of food products decreased by 19.2% as compared to January – June 2015, of which the import of flour decreased by 36.0%, spaghetti, noodles, elbow and other products – by 30.4%, milk and dairy products – by 23.8%, fruits and berries – by 33.5%, sugar and confectionery (by 46.4%), eggs - by 25.0%. At the same time, the imports of wheat increased by 17.8%, tea – by 66.7%, and vegetable oil – by 9.9%. In January – June 2016, the highest increase in prices was registered for carrot (1.7 times), pea (by 53.1%), buckwheat (by 31.6%), apples (by 22.6%), sugar (by 20.4%), tea (by 19.0%), cotton oil (by 10.6%), animal oil (by 8.3%), vodka (by 3.8%), and beef (by 2.1%). At the same time, a decrease in prices was registered for cucumber (by 48.1%), tomatoes (by 40.5%), onion (by 35.8%), milk (by 16.5%), cabbage (by 14.3%), eggs (by 4.9%), potato (by 3.1%), rice (by 2.6%), mutton (by 2.5%), and light wheat flour (by 2.1%). According to preliminary estimates, the labour force1 (employed and officially registered unemployed) in June 2016 was estimated at 2302.7 thsd.persons, of them 2249.3 thsd.persons (97.7%) were occupied in the economy, and 53.4 thsd.persons (2.3% of labour force) had official status of unemployed. In January – June 2016, 13.6 thsd.persons were on leave on initiative of administration, of them 4.5 thsd.persons (32.9%) were on leave without pay. 0.3 thsd.persons were working during incomplete working week / working day. Unemployment rate, including hidden unemployment, reached 2.9% of the total labour force, remaining on the level of January – June 2015. The most important sources of cash incomes of households in January – June 2016 1 The term “economically active population” was abolished by the decision of 19th International Conference of Labour Statisticians, “Resolution concerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization”. 108 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
7. Food Security and Poverty continued to remain labor incomes (56.7%) and receipts from sales of agricultural products (6.9%). The gap between the average incomes of the highest and the lowest deciles amounted to 10.8 times. In January – June 2016, consumption of bread and bread products in all regions of Tajikistan was on average 73.9 kg per one household member. Increase of real wages and salaries (deflated by the CPI) in June 2016 made up 12.6% as compared to May 2016; as compared to June 2015, the real wages and salaries decreased by 1.3%. Real wages and salaries in January – September 2015 increased by 1.1% as compared to the similar period of 2014. Real wages and salaries in January – June 2016 decreased by 1.2% as compared to the similar period of 2015. In June 2016, the lowest wages and salaries in real sector were observed in agriculture, hunting, and forestry (280.51 somoni), as well as fishery (767.02 somoni). As of the end of June 2016, the total arrears in salary payments for the republic (inclusive of arrears for previous years) amounted to 20053.7 thsd.somoni, of which the arrears for January – June 2016 accounted for 36.7% (7353.8 thsd.somoni). The highest arrears in salary payments in real sectors remain in agriculture, hunting, and forestry (5336.2 thsd.somoni or 26.6% of the total arrears), in mining industry and quarry mining (5406.7 thsd.somoni or 27.0%), in processing industry (3861.7 thsd.somoni or 19.3%), and in energy, gas, and water supply industries (727.6 thsd.somoni or 3.6%). Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 109
8. Food Security and Poverty CHAPTER 1 . SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS The below socio-economic indicators depict overall economic situation in the country, required for analysis of food security situation. 1.1 GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT According to preliminary estimates, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for January-June 2016 was valued at 21979.3 million somoni, and increased by 6.6% as compared to the similar period of 2015 (in constant prices). The biggest impact was due to increase of production in trade, agriculture, and services. Table 1: Main socio-economic indicators 2014 Population, as of the end of period (million) Nominal GDP (mln. somoni) of which (in %): agriculture industry Services and trade GDP per capita (somoni) GDP growth , in % to the corresponding period of the previous year State budget deficit / surplus (as percentage of GDP) Consumer Price Indices, in % to the corresponding period of the previous year Price Indices for foodstuffs Price indices for services Exchange rate of somoni (per 1 US Dollar) Officially registered unemployment rate, % Number of registered unemployed, thsd.persons in % to the corresponding period of the previous year Monthly average wages and salaries (somoni) in % to the corresponding period of the previous year Trade balance (mln.USD) Share of food in total imports, % Share of food in total exports, % 1 Jan-Jun 2016 1 2015 8.4 45606.6 8.5 48401.6 8.6 21979.3 23.5 12.0 50.5 5523.7 21.9 12.8 53.0 5727.01 12.2 16.0 58.7 х 6.7 6.0 6.6 2.7 0.8 0.9 106.1 107.5 104.3 105.8 106.8 103.0 105.7 104.2 104.3 4.9349 2.4 55.5 6.1645 2.5 56.6 7.8692 2.4 54.3 103.0 819.59 99.6 879.21 96.2 931.30 117.5 -3361.3 20.5 4.4 107.3 -2545.0 23.1 4.8 104.5 -1203.4 20.6 3.8 preliminary data Source: Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan 110 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
9. Food Security and Poverty 1 .2 Price and Tariff Indices In June 2016, consumer price index constituted 100.3%, of which for foodstuff – 100.6%, non-food products – 100.3%, and paid services to population – 99.3%. In January – June 2016, consumer price index constituted 103.1%, of which for foodstuff – 103.0%, non-food products – 103.0%, and paid services to population – 103.4%. Graph 1: Consumer price indices for foodstuff, non-food products and paid services (at the end of each month, in % to December 2014) 112 111 110 109 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 99 131 128 125 122 119 116 113 110 107 104 101 98 XII XII I I II II III IV III IV V V VI 2012 VI VII VII VIII VIII IX IX X X XI XI XII XII I I 2013 Продовольственные товары Food products II II III IV V III IV V VI VI 2014 Непродовольственные товары Non-food products Услуги Services In January – June 2016, the increase of prices of foods outpaced those of non-foods. More detailed information on prices of food is available in the section 3 “Access to food”. 1.3 Foreign trade In January – June 2016, foreign trade turnover of the Republic of Tajikistan was valued at 1939.1 million USD, decreasing by 56.6 mln. USD (or 2.8%) as compared to January – June 2015. The gap between exports and imports determined the deficit of trade balance valued at – 1060.4 million USD. Tajikistan had foreign trade operations with 99 countries, of which 10 CIS countries and 89 far abroad countries. About 48.1% (933.5 mln.USD) of foreign trade turnover falls on the CIS countries, and 51.9% (1005.6 mln.USD) falls on other countries of the world. The deficit of trade balance with CIS countries constituted 668.9 million USD, with other countries of the world –391.5 million USD. In January – June 2016, the volume of exports amounted to 439.4 mln.USD and increased by 4.4% (or 18.7 mln.USD) as compared to January – June 2015. The volume of imports decreased by 4.8% (or 75.3 mln.USD) and amounted to 1499.7 mln.USD Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 111
10. Food Security and Poverty Major plant products in exports were fruits (1805.5 thsd.USD) and vegetables (6339.7 thsd.USD), while in imports it were wheat (106673.4 thsd.USD) and flour (17618.4 thsd.USD). 1.4 Labor market According to preliminary estimates, the labour force2 (employed and officially registered unemployed) in June 2016 was estimated at 2302.7 thsd.persons, of them 2249.3 thsd.persons (97.7%) were occupied in the economy, and 53.4 thsd.persons (2.3% of labour force) had official status of unemployed. As of the end of June 2016, the total number of unemployed registered by employment agencies of the Ministry of Labor, Migration and Employment amounted to 53.4 thsd. persons, decreasing by 4.2% as compared to May 2016. Females accounted for 53.0% of total number of registered unemployed (28.3 thsd.persons). The registered unemployment rate was 2.3% of the total labour force. As of the end of June 2016, the majority of registered unemployed were persons without professional qualification or those who lost qualification due to long break in activity (44.1 thsd. persons or 82.6% of the total number of registered unemployed). Besides, 65.0% of the registered unemployed have complete or incomplete secondary education (34.7 thsd. persons). The above factors make the process of their employment more difficult. Hidden unemployment means underemployment, when a part of workers are on forced leaves or work during incomplete working week / working day due to downtime. In January – June 2016, 13.6 thsd.persons were on leave on initiative of administration, of them 4.5 thsd.persons (32.9%) were on leave without pay. 0.3 thsd. persons were working during incomplete working week / working day. Unemployment rate, including hidden unemployment, reached 2.9% of the total labour force, remaining on the level of January – June 2015. Real wages and salaries in January – June 2016 decreased by 1.2% as compared to the similar period of 2015. In June 2016, the lowest wages and salaries in real sector were observed in agriculture, hunting, and forestry (280.51 somoni), as well as fishery (767.02 somoni). The highest wages and salaries in real sector were observed in mining industry and quarry mining (2363.03 somoni), construction (1969.94 somoni), energy, gas, and water supply industries (1335.97 somoni). The average monthly salary in real sector in June 2016 was 794.50 somoni, increasing by 8.4% as compared to June 2015. In service sector, the highest salaries were observed in the area of transport, warehousing, and communication (2075.72 somoni), financial intermediation (2241.73 somoni), and hotel and restaurant businesses (1133.29 somoni). The average monthly salary in the service sector in June 2016 was 1143.76 somoni, increasing by 1.8% as compared to June 2015. 1 The term “economically active population” was abolished by the decision of 19th International Conference of Labour Statisticians, “Resolution concerning statistics of work, employment and labour underutilization”. 112 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
11. Food Security and Poverty Graph 2 : Consumer price indices, nominal and real wages and salaries (December 2012 = 100) 160,000 140,000 120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 2012 декабрь 2013 январь февраль март апрель май июнь июль август сентябрь октябрь ноябрь декабрь 2014 январь февраль март апрель май июнь июль август сентябрь октябрь ноябрь декабрь 2015 январь февраль март апрель май июнь июль август сентябрь октябрь ноябрь декабрь 2016 январь февраль март апрель май июнь 40,000 индекс цен на потребительские товары индекс номинальной заработной платы индекс реальной заработной платы As of the end of June 2016, the total arrears in salary payments for the republic (inclusive of arrears for previous years) amounted to 20053.7 thsd. somoni, of which the arrears for January – June 2016 accounted for 36.7% (7353.8 thsd.somoni). The highest arrears in salary payments in real sectors remain in agriculture, hunting, and forestry (5336.2 thsd.somoni or 26.6% of the total arrears), in mining industry and quarry mining (5406.7 thsd.somoni or 27.0%), in processing industry (3861.7 thsd.somoni or 19.3%), and in energy, gas, and water supply industries (727.6 thsd.somoni or 3.6%). CHAPTER II. AVAILABILITY OF FOOD Availability refers to the physical presence of food as a result of domestic production or market operations. On country level availability of food is determined by combination of food stocks, commercial imports, food aid and domestic production. The availability is also determined by the following elements: weather conditions, crop yield, livestock and productivity, producer prices for food, food prices in neighboring countries, as well as national policy defining production, trade, distribution and pricing. 2.1. Growth in agricultural production The value of gross agricultural output in January – June 2016 in all categories of farms increased by 9.9% (in comparable prices) as compared to the similar period of 2015 and amounted to 5298.2 mln.somoni, of which: plant products– 3099.7 mln.somoni (increased by 15.2%), and Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 113
12. Food Security and Poverty animal products – 2198.5 mln.somoni (increased by 3.2%). 2.1.1. Outlook for agricultural production Climate influence on crop production April. April was characterized by warm and rainy weather. The average monthly air temperature in the most regions of the republic was within or above the norm (by 1 degree), except for GBAO (below the norm by 1-2 degrees), as follows: +13+18 degrees in valleys and piedmonts, +3+12 degrees in mountains (+16 degrees in Darvaz), and -3+1 degrees in GBAO. The total monthly amount of precipitations in most regions of the republic was mainly below the norm, except for GBAO, as follows: 46-139% of the norm in Khatlon oblast, 18-135% of the norm in Sogd Oblast, 81-92% - in RRS, and 111-209% - in GBAO. Gradual increase of water content in rivers of the republic was observed. Mudflows were observed on the southern Yahsu river, rivers of the Gissar slope (Kafarnigan and Karatang) and Vakhsh river on 17-18 April, as the result of heavy rains. The average water discharge in most rivers of the republic was within and above the norm (95-154%), except for Isfara and KyzylsuSomonchi rivers (22-37%). May was characterized by relatively warm weather. The average monthly air temperature throughout the republic was above the norm by 1-2 degrees (in piedmonts of Khatlon oblast - by 2-4 degrees), as follows: +16+23 degrees in valleys, +8+16 degrees in piedmonts (+19 degrees in Darvoz), and +2+5 degrees in high mountain areas of GBAO. The total monthly amount of precipitations in most regions of the republic was mainly above the norm, except for some regions of Khatlon oblast and GBAO, as follows: 48-167% of the norm in Khatlon oblast, 150-476% of the norm in Sogd Oblast, 75-300% - in RRS, 151-249% in the western part of GBAO, and 33-130% in the eastern part of GBAO. High water content in rivers of the republic continued to remain. Significant increase of water content was registered during the second and third decades of the month in the rivers of the Gissar slope, as well as Yahsu, Obihingou and Vakhsh rivers. Mudflows were observed in Obihangov – Tavildara river on 11 and 12 May. The water content in the river increased by 247 sm, which caused destruction of the road. The average monthly water discharge of the most rivers was within and above the norm (95-237%) except for Isfara, Khorog, and KyzylsuSomonchi rivers (40-88%). June. The average monthly air temperature throughout the republic was within the norm and above the last-years values by 1-2 degrees, as follows: +26+30 degrees in valleys, +12+16 degrees in mountainous regions of RRS, +23+24 degrees in piedmonts of Khatlon and Sogd oblast, +17+25 degrees in the western part of GBAO, and +9+11 degrees in high mountain areas The total amount of precipitations on the most part of the republic was above the norm: 105146% of the norm in Khatlon oblast, 0-26% of the norm in the southern part of Khatlon obalst, 117-314% in Sogd oblast, 504% in Iskandirkul, 39% in Kayrakkum, 17-63% in RRS, 89-192% 114 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
13. Food Security and Poverty in the mountainous regions of RRS , 110-208% in GBAO, and 30-64% in Khorog, Darvoz, and Navabad. Increase of water content in rivers of the republic was observed, except for Yahsu and Kyzylsu (southern) rivers (decreased water content), as well as rivers of the Gissar slope (water content fluctuated). The average water discharge in most rivers of the republic was within and above the norm (96-166%), except for Karatag and Yahsu rivers (53-83% of the norm). Table 2. Water reservoirs as of 30 June 2016 Water reservoirs Changes during the month, mln. cubic meters Volume of water in 2016 mln. cubic meters in % to total capacity Volume of water in 2015 mln. in % to total cubic capacity meters Kayrakkum 0.206 3325 80.0 3324 80.0 Nurek 1.433 9253 88.1 9252 88.1 2.1.2. Crop production Table 3: Sown area and gross harvest 2015 2014 828.5 830.5 264.7 256.9 264.7 256.9 563.8 573.6 147.9 166.8 52.3 62.0 50.9 54.7 207.7 188.6 35.5 39.8 48.5 55.4 19.4 21.4 Sown area (thsd.ha) Winter crops Cereal crops Spring crops Cereal crops wheat barley Industrial crops Potatoes Vegetables Melons Gross harvest, thsd.tons Cereal crops 1317.8 1392.8 Potatoes 853.7 887.4 Vegetables 1549.5 1667.9 Melons 545.7 592.4 Source: Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan January-June 2016 836.6 258.1 258.1 578.5 165.3 63.2 53.7 190.6 41.6 58.4 20.1 586.9 181.8 481.0 154.4 In January – June 2016, farms of all categories produced 586926 tons of grains (production increased by 7.3% as compared to the previous year), 181788 tons of potato (by 11.2%), 481004 tons of vegetables (by 17.0%), 154396 tons of melons (by 6.1%), 69397 of fruits (2.3 times), and 1494 tons of grapes (by 21.3%). Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 115
14. Food Security and Poverty Spring crops As of 1 July 2016 , agricultural crops were sown by agricultural enterprises and dehkan farms on the area of 836625 ha (increasing by 6130 ha or 0.7% as compared to the similar date of 2015); of them cereal crops were sown on the area of 423449 ha or 50.6% (increasing by 0.1% as compared to the similar period of the previous year), industrial crops – on 190649 ha or 22.8% (increasing by 1.1%), including cotton – on 162558 ha (increasing by 1.8%), potato – on 41577 ha or 5.0% (increasing by 4.5%), vegetables – on 58352 ha or 7.0% (increasing by 5.3%), melons – on 20069 ha or 2.4% (decreasing by 6.0%), and feed crops – on 102529 ha or 12.2% (increasing by 0.1%). Out of total sown areas, 14.0% or 117040 ha belong to agricultural enterprises, 65.2% or 545144 ha – to dehkan farms, and 20.8% or 174441 ha – to population. 2.1.3. Livestock production As of 1 July 2016, a number of cattle in farms of all categories amounted to 2220.5 thsd.heads (increasing by 57.4 thsd.heads or 2.7% as compared to the similar date of the previous year). Number of sheep and goats increased by 200.2 thsd.heads or 3.8%, amounting to 5503.7 thsd.heads. About 92.7% of cattle and 80.5% of sheep and goats belong to population’ farm businesses. Increase in the number of cattle was observed in farms of Soghd oblast (by 3.5%), Khatlon oblast (by 2.0%), GBAO (bu 1.5%), and RRS (by 2.9%). Table 4: Main indicators of livestock production in the Republic of Tajikistan 2015 2014 Production, thsd.tons Meat (slaughtered) of which: Beef and veal Mutton and goats meat Poultry Other meat Milk Eggs, mln. Productivity 1 The average milk yield per cow, kg The average output of eggs per laying hen, pieces 1) agricultural enterprises and dehkan farms 116 January – June 2016 99.4 108.8 33.0 44.2 49.4 1.5 4.3 854.7 350.0 48.4 54.1 1.6 4.7 888.9 357.2 14.7 16.4 0.5 1.4 337.0 144.8 1618 1679 824 223 221 104 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
15. Food Security and Poverty Graph 3 . Production of main live-stock products as of 1 July 2016, in all categories of farms, thsd.tons 50,8 РРП RRS 74,4 8,4 27,2 Khatlon Oblast Хатлонская область 130,8 14,4 64,4 Sogd Oblast Согдийская область 123,2 яйца, млн.шт. Eggs, mln.pieces молоко Milk мясо Meat 8,5 2,4 8,5 1,7 GBAO ГБАО 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 2.2. Producer prices Table 5: Changes in producer prices 2014 III q. (somoni / kg) 2016 2015 I q. II q. IV q. I q. Wheat 1.85 1.32 1.35 1.32 1.22 Milk 2.57 2.43 2.40 2.30 1.86 II q. III q. IV q. I q. II q. 1.60 1.50 1.52 1.42 1.69 2.48 2.10 2.19 1.07 2.43 1.28 1.74 1.26 2.00 1.37 1.17 1.32 1.39 Potatoes Source: Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan 0.78 1.24 In January – June 2016, the imports of wheat increased by 17.8% as compared to the similar period of the previous year. Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 117
16. Food Security and Poverty Graph 4 . Trends in producer and retail prices of potato (somoni/kg) 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Цены производителей 2013 2014 2015 2016 Розничные цены Graph 5. Trends in producer and retail prices of milk (somoni/kg) 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Цены производителей 118 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Розничные цены Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
17. Food Security and Poverty Graph 6 . Trends in producer and retail prices of wheat (somoni/kg) 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Цены производителей 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Розничные цены The given graphs show that the changes in retail prices are higher than in producer’s ones. This trend is specific for all types of agricultural products (see Appendices 3 and 4). 2.3. Trade in basic foodstuffs Share of food products in the total volume of exports of Tajikistan accounted for 4.0% and 3.8% in January – June 2015 and 2016, respectively. The share of food products in the total volume of imports was well higher and accounted for 25.5% and 20.6%, respectively. The major food products imported to the Republic of Tajikistan were wheat and flour (the greatest share), as well as sugar, vegetable oil, vegetables, fruits, potato, flour products (macaroni, noodles, bread, cakes, pastries), dairy products, eggs, tea and others. In January – June 2016, the imports of food products decreased by 12.0% as compared to January – June 2015, of which the import of flour decreased by 35.9%, spaghetti, noodles, elbow and other products – by 30.4%, milk and dairy products – by 23.6%, fruits and berries – by 33.5%, sugar and confectionery (by 46.4%), eggs - by 25.0%. At the same time, the imports of wheat increased by 17.8%, tea – by 66.7%, and vegetable oil – by 9.9%. Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 119
18. Food Security and Poverty Table 6 : Exports and Imports of basic food products in January – June of 2015 and 2016 2016 in % to 2016 2015 115.2 86.9 Exports 2015 Food products of which wheat flour sugar and pastry spaghetti, noodles, elbow and other products vegetable oil milk and dairy products eggs tea potato fresh vegetables fresh fruits and berries fruit and vegetable juices canned vegetables, tomatoes Share of food products in total volume, % 132.5 (thsd.tons) 2016 Imports in % to 2015 2016 2015 827.6 728.1 88.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - - 395.5 77.8 88.1 466.0 49.9 47.2 117.8 64.1 53.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 91.2 35.9 0.0 - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 88.2 6.2 0.0 0.0 20.0 96.7 17.3 - 9.2 38.3 5.5 1.2 1.8 50.9 14.8 21.8 0.6 0.0 6.4 42.1 4.2 0.9 3.0 5.5 1.6 14.5 0.5 0.3 69.6 109.9 76.4 75.0 166.7 10.8 10.8 66.5 83.3 - 4.0 3.8 95.0 25.5 20.6 80.8 2.4. Availability of food per capita The availability of food per capita is calculated using a food balance. A food balance shows for each basic food commodity, the total physical availability and utilization of that foodstuff over a given period of time, usually 1 year. Total physical availability is the sum of stocks at the beginning of the period, production and imports of that commodity in a given period of time. Total utilization covers use for human consumption + use as animal seed + seed + losses + exports + stocks at the end of the period. In any one period, the availability and utilization of the same commodity must balance. Drawn up over a succession of years, food balances usually reveal a trend in total availability, imports, exports, and the availability of food for human consumption and for feed use. Dividing the annual amount of food available for human consumption by the population gives a key indicator of availability: the average availability of food per capita per year. This measure of food availability is a national average, which takes no account of households’ access (i.e. ability to produce, purchase or otherwise obtain) to food. 120 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
19. Food Security and Poverty Table 7 : Consumption of foodstuff per capita (kg / month) January-June 2015 January-June 2016 12.0 12.3 2.7 3.1 6.9 8.2 1.7 2.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 6.1 6.4 6 6.6 1.3 1.4 0.02 0.02 Bread products (expressed in grain) Potatoes Vegetables and melons Fruits and berries Sugar and confectionery items Meat and meat products Milk and dairy products Eggs (pieces) Vegetable oil Fish and fish products Source: Household Budget Surveys CHAPTER III. ACCESS TO FOOD Access to food refers to the ability of households to obtain adequate safe and appropriate foods to meet their needs for a healthy and active life. Access can be through production for own consumption, market purchases or donations / transfers. 3.1. Consumer prices In June 2016, the highest increase in prices was registered for carrot (by 40.5%), pea (by 12.5%), sand sugar (by 4.7%), buckwheat (by 3.1%), bean (by 2.9%), rice (by 0.9%), vegetable oil (by 0.8%), tea (by 0.7%), and beef (by 0.4%). At the same time, a decrease in prices was registered for tomatoes (by 32.4%), apples (by 12.9%), onion (by 10.5%), cucumber (by 9.0%), cabbage (by 4.3%), potato (by 1.5%), eggs (by 0.4%), and milk (by 0.3%) (please see Table 8 and Appendix 4 for details). Table 8: Prices for some food products in consumer’s sector (average for Republic) as of the end of the corresponding period; in Somoni / Diram; per kg, liter, piece 2015 Beef Animal oil Cotton oil Milk Eggs (10 pieces) Sand sugar Jun 33.79 35.38 9.05 3.26 6.67 5.72 2016 Dec 30.30 36.75 9.51 3.87 7.36 6.07 Jan 29.97 37.25 10.18 3.78 7.27 6.83 Mar 30.83 38.45 10.29 3.46 7.03 6.57 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 May 30.83 39.07 10.46 3.24 7.03 6.98 Jun 30.95 39.12 10.55 3.23 7.00 7.30 121
20. Food Security and Poverty 2015 Salt Light wheat flour Bread made from light wheat flour Rice Potatoes Onion Carrot Apples Vodka 2016 Jun 0 .88 3.43 Dec 0.88 3.41 Jan 0.89 3.55 Mar 0.92 3.10 May 0.92 3.15 Jun 0.92 3.15 4.00 8.45 1.73 1.33 2.09 7.65 15.21 4.36 8.39 1.69 1.60 1.24 5.74 16.85 4.36 8.18 1.79 1.78 1.04 5.70 16.67 4.30 8.24 1.89 1.74 0.93 6.85 16.67 4.23 8.11 1.65 1.15 1.48 8.08 16.67 4.23 8.13 1.64 1.03 2.09 7.04 16.67 In January – June 2016, the highest increase in prices was registered for carrot (1.7 times), pea (by 53.1%), buckwheat (by 31.6%), apples (by 22.6%), sugar (by 20.4%), tea (by 19.0%), cotton oil (by 10.6%), animal oil (by 8.3%), vodka (by 3.8%), and beef (by 2.1%). At the same time, a decrease in prices was registered for cucumber (by 48.1%), tomatoes (by 40.5%), onion (by 35.8%), milk (by 16.5%), cabbage (by 14.3%), eggs (by 4.9%), potato (by 3.1%), rice (by 2.6%), mutton (by 2.5%), and light wheat flour (by 2.1%). Graphs 7: Average monthly retail prices for potatoes (somoni / kg) 4,5 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 2008 122 2009 2010 2011 2012 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 декабрь ноябрь октябрь сентябрь август июль июнь май апрель март февраль январь 0
21. Food Security and Poverty Potatoes . Retail prices of potatoes are subject to seasonal fluctuations and also to fluctuations in supply and demand. The highest seasonal price is normally recorded in the second quarter of each year, prior to the first new harvest. In March 2015, the price of potato was 2.67 somoni per kg, decreasing by 3% as compared to March 2014; by June 2015, the price of potato fell to 1.73 somoni per kg. In September 2015, the price of potato reached 1.92 somoni per kg, increasing by 11% as compared to June 2015. In December 2015, the price of potato slightly decreased to 1.74 somoni per kg. In March 2016, the price of potatoes decreased by 20.3% as compared to March 2015 and amounted to 1.89 somoni per kg, decreasing further to 1.64 somoni per kg by June 2016 (see Graph 7). Graph 8: Average monthly retail prices for flour (somoni / kg) 3,7 3,6 3,5 3,4 3,3 3,2 3,1 3 2,9 2,8 2,7 2,6 2,5 2,4 2,3 2,2 2,1 2 1,9 1,8 1,7 1,6 1,5 1,4 1,3 1,2 1,1 1 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 декабрь ноябрь октябрь сентябрь август июль июнь май апрель март февраль январь 2016 Flour. In 2013 the price of flour was continuously decreasing. In April 2014, the price of flour started to increase and reached 2.80 somoni per kg by the end of June 2014, 2.88 somoni in September 2014, 3.19 somoni per kg in December 2014. In 2015, the price of flour continued to Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 123
22. Food Security and Poverty increase : 3.33 somoni per kg in March, 3.43 somoni per kg in June, and 3.47 somoni per kg in September 2015. Starting from November 2015, the price of flour started to decrease and fell to 4.41 somoni per kg in December 2015. In March 2016 the price of four decreased by 7.0% as compared to March 2015 and amounted to 3.1 somoni per kg. In June 2016 the price of four decreased by 8.26% as compared to June 2015 and amounted to 3.15 somoni per kg (see Graph 8). 3.2. Incomes and expenditures The source of information on household incomes and expenditures are the Household Budget Surveys. Starting from January 2009, the surveys are being conducted on a quarterly basis with coverage of 3000 households; while in 2008, the surveys were conducted monthly with coverage of 925 households. The following information is being collected: demographic information / family composition; housing and infrastructure; consumption, including domestically manufactured items; economic activity in both agricultural and non-agricultural sectors. 3.2.1. Incomes In January- June 2016, the nominal per capita cash income was 276.38 somoni per a month, increasing by 4.8% as compared to January- June 2015. At the same time, the real per capita cash income decreased by 0.7% as compared to January- June 2015 and amounted to 267.38 somoni per a month (See Table 9). Table 9: Trends in population incomes and expenditures January – June 2015 January – June 2016 255.17 267.38 96.7 99.1 Average monthly salary 891.52 931.30 Growth in real salary (%) 100.01 98.8 Average per capita expenditures (somoni/month) 244.23 254.52 98.6 98.6 Average per capita incomes (somoni / month) Growth in real incomes (%) Growth in real expenditures (%) Source: Household Budget Surveys and current statistical data The most important sources of cash incomes of households in January – June 2016 continued to remain labor incomes (56.7%) and receipts from sales of agricultural products (6.9%). The gap between the average incomes of the highest and the lowest deciles amounted to 10.8 times. 124 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
23. Food Security and Poverty 3 .2.2. Expenditures In the reporting period, the gap between expenditures of the highest and the lowest deciles was 3.2 times. Graph 9: Growth of per capita expenditures by decile groups in January – June of 2015 and 2016 800,00 All Households Rural Urban 700,00 600,00 500,00 400,00 300,00 200,00 100,00 0,00 10% наименее обеспеченного населения 10% наиболее обеспеченного населения 10% наименее обеспеченного населения 10% наиболее обеспеченного населения 10% наименее обеспеченного населения 10% наиболее обеспеченного населения первое полугодие January – June2015 2015 первое полугодие January – June2016 2016 st Averageрасходы per capita expenditures 1 полугодие half of 2015 в среднем на душу населения in за the первое 2014 г. st Averageрасходы per capita expenditures 1 half of 2016 в среднем на душу населения in за the первое полугодие 2015г. 3.3. Poverty in the Republic of Tajikistan Poverty and food & nutrition insecurity are closely related and form a vicious circle. Food and nutrition insecurity is defined as “When people lack secure access to sufficient amounts of safe and nutritious food for normal growth and development and an active and healthy life. It may be caused by the unavailability of food, insufficient purchasing power, inappropriate distribution, or inadequate use of food at the household level. Food insecurity, poor conditions of health and sanitation, and inappropriate care and feeding practice are the major causes of poor nutritional status. Food insecurity may be chronic (persistent), seasonal or transitory. Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 125
24. Food Security and Poverty 3 .3.1. Food insecurity: households spending more than 50% of expenditures on food Food insecurity means a situation when people have no regular physical, economic or social access to adequate quantities of qualitative and safe food required for their nutrition, which meets their preferences for an active and healthy life. In January – June of 2016, share of expenditures for food in the structure of the total household’s expenditures in urban area decreased by 0.2% as compared to January – June of 2015; in rural areas it decreased by 0.8%. Share of expenditures for food among households having 3 and more children also decreased by 2.5%, while among pensioners this indicator decreased by 4.0% (see Table 10). Table 10: Share of consumer expenditures for food in the total structure of household expenditures (in %) Republic of Tajikistan Urban Rural Regions Dushanbe GBAO Soghd oblast Khatlon oblast RRS Vulnerable groups of population Households having 3 and more children Pensioners January – June 2015 58.7 56.3 59.9 January – June 2016 58.1 56.1 59.1 58.3 63.2 53.3 60.9 64.2 54.7 60.8 51.5 61.7 63.7 60.5 60.1 58.0 56.1 More detailed information on expenditures, incomes and deciles is available in Appendix 5. CHAPTER IV. USE AND UTILIZATION Use of food refers to the selection, composition, preparation and allocation of food within the family. Utilization of food refers to the ability of human body to take and use food within the body. Food consumption covers knowledge of appropriate diets, and proper allocation of food within the family. The ability of the body to utilize food is affected by its state of health and access to clean drinking water, access to basic health services, etc. The ultimate measure of food security is the nutritional status of the population. 4.1. Consumption of food products by the population One of the measurements of food and nutritional insecurity is the calculation of daily calorie intake per one household member. In 2015, the average daily calorie intake per one household member was 2378.25 Kcal per capita against 2280.1 Kcal per capita in January - December of 126 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
25. Food Security and Poverty 2014 , which was slightly above the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) (2100 Kcal per a day). In January – June 2016, the average daily calorie intake per one household member was 2390.4 Kcal per capita against 2289.3 Kcal per capita in January – June of 2015. In January – June 2016, consumption of bread and bread products in all regions of Tajikistan was on average 73.9 kg per one household member. In January – June 2016, the average consumption of potato in Tajikistan amounted to 18.6 kg per capita, vegetables and melons – 49.2 kg, milk and dairy products – 38.8 kg, meat and meat products – 6.4 kg, vegetable oil –7.4 kg, eggs – 40 pieces, sugar and confectionery –6.6 kg, and fruits – 12.8 kg. In the total structure of household’s expenditures for food, bread and bread products occupies the first place (33.8 %). It should be noted that the consumption of food products varies by decile groups of the population. Thus, in January – June 2016, the average per capita consumption of potatoes in 10% most well-off population group exceeded that in 10% least well-of population group by 40%, meat and meat products – by 170%, eggs – by 150%, fruits – by 140%. Graph 10: Structure of consumer’s basket in June of 2015 and 2016 (as of the end of the month, in %, per one household member) 24,1 fruits and vegetables 21,4 6,9 7,8 2,3 vegetable oil sugar eggs 8,0 9,1 2,4 bread products 31,7 8,2 dairy products 8,3 18,9 meat products 18,2 0,8 others 0,9 31,0 June июнь2015 2015 г. June 2016 июнь 2016 г. Appendix 8 shows the detailed information on per capita food consumption in households of the Republic of Tajikistan. Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 dairy products meat products others 127
26. Food Security and Poverty Table 11 : Nutritional values of foods consumed per a day (excluding beer and wine) Per one Per one of which: of which: household household member member per per a day urban area rural area a day urban area rural area January – June 2015 January – June 2016 50.70 46.55 52.24 52.90 49.34 54.24 Proteins, gr. of which animal, gr. 10.22 Fats, gr. 57.75 of which animal, gr. 14.02 Carbohydrate, gr. 350.14 Caloric value of consumed food, k/calories 2289.29 of which animal, gr. 238.44 8.57 54.99 10.83 58.79 10.91 61.87 9.27 59.92 11.52 62.65 12.90 14.44 15.32 14.44 15.65 320.73 361.00 362.95 338.65 372.11 2131.18 2348.03 2390.40 2270.41 2436.44 194.77 254.32 254.41 213.90 269.26 4.2. Food security indicators not related to income 4.2.1 Population morbidity Table 12. Population morbidity caused by some specific infection diseases (cases) 2015 1 quarter * Total number of registered cases Acute enteric infections of which: Bacterial dysentery Typhoid fever Acute viral hepatitis Tuberculosis Brucellosis Parasitic diseases *) Adjusted 128 2016 2 quarter 1 quarter 2 quarter 6028 13257 7224 13777 2086 9202 1889 9079 79 9 1036 1036 102 8102 157 10 595 1421 348 10728 43 3 1819 909 150 8700 154 17 1001 1322 327 13542 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
27. Food Security and Poverty In the second quarter of 2016 , incidence of infection diseases among population increased by 3.9% as compared to the second quarter of 2015. Cases of acute enteric infections accounted for 65.9% of the total number of infection diseases and decreased by 1.3%. As compared to the similar period of the previous year, the number of cases of typhoid fever increased by 70% (from 10 to 17 cases), parasitic diseases – by 26.2%, acute viral hepatitis - by 70%, accounting for 7.3% of the total number of diseases. At the same time, the number of cases of bacterial dysentery decreased by 1.9%, tuberculosis – by 7.0%, and brucellosis – by 6.0%. Table 13. Morbidity of children (0-14 years) by some specific infection diseases (cases) 2015 1 quarter* 2016 2 quarter 1 quarter 2 quarter Total number of registered cases 3805 8920 4711 9524 Acute enteric infections 1617 7203 1290 7161 38 86 14 74 7 5 0 0 828 427 1561 825 Tuberculosis 94 87 51 78 Brucellosis 15 51 18 33 1898 2313 1687 3124 of which: Bacterial dysentery Typhoid fever Acute viral hepatitis Parasitic diseases *) Adjusted In the second quarter of 2016, incidence of infection diseases among children aged 0-14 increased by 6.8% as compared to the second quarter of 2015; infection deceases accounted for 69.1% of the total number of deceases among children aged 0-14. Cases of acute enteric infections accounted for 75.2% of the total number of infection diseases among children aged 014, decreasing by 0.6% as compared to the similar period of the previous year. During the reporting period, cases of acute viral hepatitis increased by 90% as compared to the similar period of 2015, parasitic diseases – by 35.1%. At the same time, a number of the registered cases of bacterial dysentery decreased by 14%, typhoid fever – by 36.8%, tuberculosis – by 10.3%, brucellosis – by 35.3%, 4.2.2. Birth, mortality, and natural population growth rates In January – June 2016, offices of civil registration registered 110.4 thsd. births3 (births registered within the stipulated period, excluding re-registration of births for the previous years) and 17.1 thsd. deaths, of which 1.4 thsd. deaths fell on the children below 1 year. 3 Registration of births within a calendar year Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 129
28. Food Security and Poverty According to preliminary estimates , the average birth and mortality rates amounted to 25.7 and 4.0 per 1000 population, respectively. Table 14: Registered births, deaths, and natural population growth in 2015 and 2016 Number of registered births (registered within the stipulated period) Number 2015 1 quarter 2 quarter 3 quarter 4 quarter Year 2015 2016 1 quarter 2 quarter in % to the corresponding period of the previous year Number of registered deaths Natural population growth Number Number in % to the corresponding period of the previous year in % to the correspondi ng period of the previous year 53851 53743 55414 69900 232908 100.8 107.5 95.6 102.6 101.5 8720 8620 7309 8231 32880 107.5 104.1 97.8 103.8 103.4 45131 45123 48105 61669 200028 99.6 108.2 95.3 102.5 101.2 57237 53207 106.3 99.0 9087 8047 104.2 93.4 48150 45160 106.7 100.1 Graph 11. Number of births and deaths registered by offices of civil registration in 2011-2016 In January – June 2016, increase in the number of registered births (births registered within the stipulated period) was observed in all regions of the republic, except for Sogd oblast. The number of births registered within the statutory period in GBAO increased by 9.6% amounting to 2.5 thsd. births, in Khatlon oblast – by 2.3% (43.6 thsd.births), in Dushanbe – by 14.1% (7.6 130 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
29. Food Security and Poverty thsd .births), in RRS – by 6.3% (27.9 thsd.births). In Sogd oblast the number of births registered within the statutory period decreased by 3.2% (28.8 thsd.births). Table 15: Registered births, deaths, and natural population growth in January – June of 2015 and 2016 Number of Number of Natural population growth registered births registered deaths (registered within the stipulated period) 2015 2016 Tajikistan GBAO Sogd oblast Khatlon oblast Dushanbe RRS 107594 2260 29743 42672 6680 26239 110444 2478 28798 43646 7623 27899 Tajikistan GBAO Sogd oblast Khatlon oblast Dushanbe RRS 25.7 21.1 24.2 28.6 17.0 27.2 25.7 22.8 22.9 28.5 19.0 28.1 2015 2016 человек 17340 17134 632 550 5805 5774 5832 5904 1338 1329 3733 3577 Per 1000 population 4.1 4.0 5.9 5.1 4.7 4.6 3.9 3.8 3.4 3.3 3.9 3.6 2015 2016 90254 1628 23938 36840 5342 22506 93310 1928 23024 37742 6294 24322 21.6 15.2 19.5 24.7 13.6 23.3 21.7 17.7 18.3 24.6 15.7 24.5 In January – June 2016, the total number of registered deaths was 17.1 thsd., decreasing by 1.2% as compared to the similar period of the previous year. Decrease in the number of registered deaths (as compared to January – June 2015) was observed in GBAO (by 13.0%, 550 deaths), Sogd oblast (by 0.5%, 5.8 thsd. deaths), Dushanbe - by 0.7% (1.3 thsd. deaths) and RRS (by 4.2%, 3.6 thsd. deaths). The total number of registered deaths in Khatlon oblast increased by 1.2% (5.9 thsd. deaths) as compared to January – June 2015. According to preliminary estimates, the natural population growth in January – June 2016 was 93.3 thsd.persons (21.7 persons per 1000 population) and increased by 3.4% as compared to January – June 2015. Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 131
30. Food Security and Poverty Table 16 : Population number The below Table shows the population number, including registered births, deaths, and migration: Population number as of 01.07.2016, thsd.persons Republic of Tajikistan in % to the corresponding period of 2015 8640.7 102.4 218.9 101.5 Sogd oblast 2532.7 102.2 Khatlon oblast 3083.9 102.6 807.8 101.9 1997.4 102.6 GBAO Dushanbe RRS 132 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
31. Food Security and Poverty METHODOLOGY 1 . Methodology of food security analysis “Food and nutrition security is achieved if adequate food (quantity, safety, quality, social cultural acceptance) is available and accessible for and satisfactory used and utilized by all individuals at all time to live a healthy and active life”. Availability physical existence of quantitatively and qualitatively adequate and safe food items. Access: all households and household members have sufficient resources to obtain appropriate food (through production, purchase or donation) Use and utilization: adequate knowledge, health and sanitation to enable the human body to digest and utilize that food Stability: continuous ensuring of availability of, access to and appropriate use and utilization of food. If not, individuals will suffer from chronic or transitory food insecurity For case of reference the four pillars of food and nutrition security are pictured below: All four dimensions need to be fulfilled if there is to be food and nutrition security. As individuals and households live in a society, the 4 dimensions of FNS need to co-exist at all levels, from the individual and household level (micro level), to the community (village, rayon, oblast) level, representing the meso level, and the nation and global level (macro level). To monitor food security it is necessary to select relevant indicators and to measure these indicators at regular intervals. Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 133
32. Food Security and Poverty 2 . Food balance methodology Food balances for basic foodstuffs are compiled in natural terms. In the course of the compilation of the food balance, the closing stocks as of December 31 in one year become the opening stocks on January 1 in the following year. With regard to imports and exports of products, the official data was used, in respect of production preliminary data. Seed use is calculated on areas sown with agricultural crops as well as actual amount of seeds used for 1 ha. The calculation of lost was made according to the official norms. In order to determine the number of eggs for the incubation the actual number of poultry offspring as well as norms on the number of chicken from the eggs laid for incubation. The calculation of the volume of food products consumed by population as well as expenses on animal feeding was based on the data obtained during the survey of 3000 households. The calculation of meat consumption also included the meat consumed in the course of observing national traditions (funeral, weddings, religious feasts, etc.) 134 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
33. Food Security and Poverty Glossary The unemployed- people of 16 and more who during period under review had no job (profitable occupation); were in search for a job i.e. applied to public employment offices or used alternative ways of job finding as well as were ready to start working. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)- a general indicator of economic activity which is calculated in basic and market prices (nominal GDP) and in comparable prices (real GDP). Consumer price index on goods and paid services to the population (CPI)- characterizes the change in the general price level for goods and services over time. The index measures the correlation of the value of actually set of goods and services during the given period to the value thereof during the basic period. Average nominal monthly salary is calculated by dividing actually accrued salary fund to the staff and part-time employees by the number used for the calculation of average salary and number of months in a year during corresponding period. Average daily per capita calorie intake measure the calories in the consumed food products per one household member as well as chemical composition in protein and fats. Official unemployment rate- the ratio of people officially registered as unemployed to the number of economically active population, expressed in per cent. List of abbreviations GDP Gross Domestic Product GBAO Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast CPI Consumer price index on goods and paid services to the population RRS Regions of republican subordination MDG Millennium Development Goals Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 135
34. Food Security and Poverty Appendix 1 Review of meteorological conditions on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan in the second quarter of 2016 Meteorological conditions April . April was characterized by warm and rainy weather. The average monthly air temperature in the most regions of the republic was within or above the norm (by 1 degree), except for GBAO (below the norm by 1-2 degrees), as follows: +13+18 degrees in valleys and piedmonts, +3+12 degrees in mountains (+16 degrees in Darvaz), and -3+1 degrees in GBAO. The lowest air temperature (+10+17 degrees during daytime) was recorded on 1-2 April. The average daily air temperature in valleys during this period was below the norm by 1-4 degrees. The warmest weather was observed on 27-30 April (the air temperature in valleys reached +28+33 degrees). During this period, the average daily air temperature exceeded the norm by 2-5 degrees. Rains were observed during 4-11 days. Heavy rains were observed on 9 April with the total amount of precipitation for 12 hours reaching 50 mm in Yavan, 25 mm in Darband, 30 mm in Faizabad, 36 mm in Chormagzak, and 24 mm in Bustonobad. The total monthly amount of precipitations in most regions of the republic was mainly below the norm, except for GBAO, as follows: 46-139% of the norm in Khatlon oblast, 18-135% of the norm in Sogd Oblast, 81-92% - in RRS, and 111-209% - in GBAO. May was characterized by relatively warm weather. The average monthly air temperature throughout the republic was above the norm by 1-2 degrees (in piedmonts of Khatlon oblast - by 2-4 degrees), as follows: +16+23 degrees in valleys, +8+16 degrees in piedmonts (+19 degrees in Darvoz), and +2+5 degrees in high mountain areas of GBAO. In May, the highest air temperature reached 30-37 degrees, the average daily air temperature exceeded the norm by 2-5 degrees, the air temperature in valleys during nights was 10-15 degrees (15-20 degrees in Sogd and Khatlon oblast). The lowest air temperature was recorded on 3-4, 12, and 14 May in valleys, and 2, 10, 14, 18 and 26 May in Sogd oblast, when the air temperature fell to +23+26 degrees (within the norm); the average daily air temperature in valleys was below the norm by 1-3 degrees. Rains were observed during 2-14 days (10-18 days in mountains). Heavy rains in many regions of the republic were observed during the periods of 3-4 and 11-12 May, with wind speed reaching 13-18m/s in some regions. The relatively heavy rains were observed on: 3 May in Rasht (12 hours, 65 mm), Husheri (62 mm), and Tavildara (42 mm) 11 May in Chormagzak (28 mm during night), Lyhsh (26mm), Tavildara (96 mm), and 12 May in Faizabad (100 mm during night), Darband (61 mm), Rasht (40 mm), Hushyeri (33 mm), Bustonobad (50 mm), and Tavildara (44 mm). 136 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
35. Food Security and Poverty The analysis showed that in May 2016 Faizabad and Tavildara faced the heaviest (and unexpected) rains starting from 1980 (100 mm for four hours in Faizabad and 94 mm in Tavildara), which caused a number of mudflows. The total monthly amount of precipitations in most regions of the republic was mainly above the norm, except for some regions of Khatlon oblast and GBAO, as follows: 48-167% of the norm in Khatlon oblast, 150-476% of the norm in Sogd Oblast, 75-300% - in RRS, 151-249% in the western part of GBAO, and 33-130% in the eastern part of GBAO. June. The average monthly air temperature throughout the republic was within the norm and above the last-years values by 1-2 degrees, as follows: +26+30 degrees in valleys, +12+16 degrees in mountainous regions of RRS, +23+24 degrees in piedmonts of Khatlon and Sogd oblast, +17+25 degrees in the western part of GBAO, and +9+11 degrees in high mountain areas The highest air temperature was recorded on 6-14, 26, and 29-30 June with the maximum air temperature reaching +37+40 degrees in valleys and +43 degrees in the southern regions. The lowest air temperature was observed on 15-16 and 21-22 June in Khatlon oblast and RRS, when the day-time air temperature decreased by 8-10 degrees reaching +27+32 degrees. In Sogd oblast the lowest air temperature was observed on 3-4, 15-17, and 22 June (+25+30 degrees during daytime). Storms were observed on 2-5, 20-22, and 30 June in some regions of the republic (on 16 June in GBAO). Dust haze were registered in valleys and piedmonts of Khatlon oblast and RRS on 4-5, 11-15, and 22-29 June. Rains were registered during 3-4 days in Khatlon oblast and RRS, 3-6 days in Sogd oblast, 6-18 days in mountainous regions, 6-13 days in mountains of RRS and western part of GBAO (1 days in Khorog), and 5-8 days in the eastern part of GBAO. The total amount of precipitations on the most part of the republic was above the norm: 105146% of the norm in Khatlon oblast, 0-26% of the norm in the southern part of Khatlon obalst, 117-314% in Sogd oblast, 504% in Iskandirkul, 39% in Kayrakkum, 17-63% in RRS, 89-192% in the mountainous regions of RRS, 110-208% in GBAO, and 30-64% in Khorog, Darvoz, and Navabad. Hydrological conditions April. Gradual increase of water content in rivers of the republic was observed. Mudflows were observed on the southern Yahsu river, rivers of the Gissar slope (Kafarnigan and Karatang) and Vakhsh river on 17-18 April, as the result of heavy rains. The average water discharge in most rivers of the republic was within and above the norm (95-154%), except for Isfara and KyzylsuSomonchi rivers (22-37%). During the month, the water content of Nurek reservoir decreased by на 0.376 mln.m3 and amounted to 6368 mln.m3, which is lower by 0.332 mln.m3 than the level of the previous year. Water level in Kairakum reservoir increased by 0.124 mln.m3 and amounted to 3478 mln.m3, which is higher by 0.019 mln.m3 than the level of the previous year. Forecast accuracy was 80%. May. High water content in rivers of the republic continued to remain. Significant increase of water content was registered during the second and third decades of the month in the rivers of the Gissar slope, as well as Yahsu, Obihingou and Vakhsh rivers. Mudflows were observed in Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 137
36. Food Security and Poverty Obihangov – Tavildara river on 11 and 12 May. The water content in the river increased by 247 sm, which caused destruction of the road. The average monthly water discharge of the most rivers was within and above the norm (95237%) except for Isfara, Khorog, and Kyzylsu-Somonchi rivers (40-88%). During the month, water content of Nurek reservoir increased by 1.453 mln.m3 and amounted to 7821 mln.m3, which is higher by 0.060 mln.m3 than the level of the previous year. Water level in Kairakum reservoir increased by 0.052 mln.m3 and amounted to 3531 mln.m3, which is higher by 0.034 mln.m3 than the level of the previous year. Forecast accuracy was 86%. June. Increase of water content in rivers of the republic was observed, except for Yahsu and Kyzylsu (southern) rivers (decreased water content), as well as rivers of the Gissar slope (water content fluctuated). The average water discharge in most rivers of the republic was within and above the norm (96-166%), except for Karatag and Yahsu rivers (53-83% of the norm). During the month, water content of Nurek reservoir increased by 1.433 mln.m3 and amounted to 9253 mln.m3, which is higher by 0.443 mln.m3 than the level of the previous year. Water level in Kairakum reservoir decreased by 0.206 mln.m3 and amounted to 3325 mln.m3, which is higher by 0.206 mln.m3 than the level of the previous year. Review of avalanches and mudflows April. Two mudflows were forecasted with the total duration of 4 days. In fact, 2 mudflows were registered. Increase in water content of some rivers was observed as the result of heavy rains on 17-18 and 20-21 April. Mudflows were observed in Guli Surh settlement of Dukoni Djamoat (Nurek town) on 21 April 2016. May. Four mudflows were forecasted with the total duration of 8 days. In fact, 22 mudflows were registered. Heavy rains resulted in mudflows in many regions of the republic on 11-14 May, causing the significant damages. Thus, the mudflow on 11-12 May in Sangvor region destroyed roads, pedestrian and motor bridges. Increase in water content of Pyandj river during a night from 11 to 12 May resulted in full destruction of the motor road in Guldara area of Darvoz region. June. No mudflows or avalanches were forecasted / registered. 138 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
37. Food Security and Poverty APPENDIX 2 . CHANGES IN AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES (SUPPLY) IN TAJIKISTAN (somoni / kg) I quarter 2014 2015 II quarter 2016 2014 2015 III quarter 2016 2013 2014 IV quarter 2015 2013 2014 2015 Potatoes GBAO Soghd Oblast Khatlon Oblast RRS Average in the Republic 0.98 2.50 1.28 1.39 1.16 1.0 1.37 0.78 1.30 1.31 0.80 1.10 1.52 2.34 1.74 3.50 0.90 1.19 0.99 1.17 1.80 0.95 1.47 0.98 1.18 2.5 0.78 1.4 1.2 1.2 3.0 1.1 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.14 1.39 1.46 1.32 2.50 1.40 1.60 1.70 1.60 4.0 1.4 0.43 2.2 1.76 4.0 1.5 1.6 2.8 2.3 3.2 1.57 1.87 2.83 2.10 3.90 2.60 3.00 2.50 2.80 4.0 1.48 1.5 2.80 2.30 3.7 1.51 1.98 2.73 2.19 2.0 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.3 2.0 1.2 1.6 1.2 1.4 2.0 1.2 1.7 1.3 1.50 2.27 1.11 1.21 1.20 1.33 2.0 1.17 1.56 1.13 1, 32 2.52 1.22 1.71 1.50 1.52 3.46 1.29 2.0 2.0 2.86 2.20 1.00 1.38 1.76 1.39 Milk GBAO Soghd Oblast Khatlon Oblast RRS Average in the Republic 4.0 1.47 1.79 2.88 2.57 4.0 1.68 1.90 1.87 1.86 5.0 1.62 2.0 2.86 1.07 3.84 1.40 1.78 2.85 2.43 4.0 1.44 1.81 2.83 2.48 1.36 1.71 1.42 1.20 1.53 1.26 1.32 2.0 1.30 1.71 1.42 1.60 4.6 1.75 2.45 2.72 2.43 Wheat GBAO Soghd Oblast Khatlon Oblast RRS Average in the Republic 1.30 2.22 1.72 1.85 1.31 1.04 1.35 1.22 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 1.54 1.88 0.8 1.69 139
38. Food Security and Poverty APPENDIX 3 . CHANGES IN AVERAGE CONSUMER PRICES IN TAJIKISTAN in 2014 – 2016 (somoni / kg) 2014 2015 2014 I quarter 2015 Dushanbe Soghd Oblast Khatlon Oblast Average in the Republic 2.99 2.76 2.93 2.89 2.29 1.95 2.16 2.13 2.80 2.28 2.53 2.54 3.15 2.73 2.83 2.90 Dushanbe Soghd Oblast Khatlon Oblast Average in the Republic 3.96 3.00 3.11 3.36 3.90 3.01 3.51 3.47 4.50 3.00 3.43 3.65 4.33 3.00 3.81 3.71 Dushanbe Soghd Oblast Khatlon Oblast Average in the Republic 2.91 2.64 2.89 2.81 3.86 3.65 3.72 3.74 2.76 2.41 2.76 2.64 3.38 3.08 3.26 3.24 Dushanbe Soghd Oblast Khatlon Oblast Average in the Republic 2.20 1.71 1.57 1.81 2.40 1.95 1.87 2.07 2.23 1.51 1.66 1.74 2.09 2.03 1.78 1.97 Dushanbe Soghd Oblast Khatlon Oblast Average in the Republic 8.88 6.53 6.83 7.41 9.73 7.52 7.66 8.31 8.00 5.68 6.85 6.84 9.00 6.93 6.66 7.53 Dushanbe Soghd Oblast Khatlon Oblast Average in the Republic 5.02 4.83 4.86 4.90 5.70 5.59 5.57 5.62 5.08 4.64 4.83 4.85 5.25 5.02 5.00 5.08 140 2016 2014 Potatoes 1.98 3.70 1.61 3.77 1.94 3.62 1.85 3.70 Milk 4.00 3.67 3.03 3.00 3.79 3.00 3.61 3.22 Flour of 1st grade 3.40 2.82 3.14 2.56 3.36 2.78 3.30 2.72 Wheat 2.50 2.30 1.88 1.66 1.87 1.55 2.08 1.84 Rice 10.50 8.83 6.89 6.00 7.31 6.85 8.23 7.23 Sand sugar 6.67 5.00 6.63 4.68 6.73 4.69 6.68 4.79 II quarter 2015 2016 III quarter 2014 2015 IV quarter 2014 2015 2.10 2.08 1.86 2.01 1.88 1.64 1.70 1.74 2.40 2.24 2.49 2.38 1.97 1.43 2.01 1.80 3.07 2.75 3.07 2.96 1.93 1.57 1.93 1.81 3.43 3.00 3.36 3.26 3.50 2.92 3.33 3.25 3.67 3.00 3.00 3.22 3.57 3.00 3.20 3.25 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.33 4.27 3.05 3.67 3.66 3.48 3.26 3.45 3.39 3.29 3.02 3.33 3.21 2.93 2.69 2.90 2.84 3.57 3.28 3.50 3.45 3.12 2.90 3.11 3.04 5.00 4.98 4.67 4.88 2.61 2.18 2.00 2.26 2.47 1.89 2.01 2.12 2.11 1.78 1.47 1.79 2.40 1.97 1.81 2.06 2.15 1.87 1.60 1.87 2.50 1.77 1.81 2.03 9.50 7.67 7.30 8.16 10.20 6.64 7.39 8.08 9.50 7.28 6.90 7.89 10.73 8.37 8.45 8.98 9.17 7.15 6.72 7.68 10.30 7.12 8.23 8.55 5.48 5.52 5.47 5.49 7.00 6.79 7.01 6.93 5.00 5.00 4.93 4.98 6.02 5.84 5.78 5.88 5.00 4.99 4.98 4.99 6.05 5.99 6.03 6.02 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
39. Food Security and Poverty 2014 2015 2014 I quarter 2015 Dushanbe Soghd Oblast Khatlon Oblast Average in the Republic 2 .15 1.83 2.17 2.05 2.10 1.78 1.98 1.96 1.80 1.01 1.77 1.53 3.10 2.70 3.04 2.95 Dushanbe Soghd Oblast Khatlon Oblast Average in the Republic 9.40 7.69 7.58 8.22 10.27 8.71 8.10 9.02 9.25 7.38 7.65 8.09 9.60 8.04 7.74 8.46 Dushanbe Soghd Oblast Khatlon Oblast Average in the Republic 36.63 35.57 35.29 35.83 36.50 35.95 34.95 35.80 34.67 34.70 32.77 34.04 37.33 36.00 35.96 36.44 Dushanbe Soghd Oblast Khatlon Oblast Average in the Republic 36.04 30.82 33.86 33.57 35.50 32.05 32.68 33.41 33.50 28.59 30.74 30.94 36.50 32.58 33.36 34.15 Dushanbe Soghd Oblast Khatlon Oblast Average in the Republic 17.00 12.73 14.09 14.60 17.00 13.09 15.24 15.11 17.00 13.06 14.27 14.77 18.50 16.52 18.12 17.71 Dushanbe Soghd Oblast Khatlon Oblast Average in the Republic 7.59 6.32 6.96 6.95 7.40 6.30 7.15 6.95 7.33 6.17 6.82 6.77 7.50 6.28 7.07 6.95 2016 2014 Onion 1.87 1.93 1.42 1.66 1.99 1.90 1.76 1.83 Cotton oil 11.03 9.33 10.00 7.64 9.75 7.53 10.26 8.17 Mutton 33.50 36.00 33.11 34.58 32.46 34.20 33.02 34.93 Beef 32.50 35.17 29.67 30.16 29.49 33.23 30.55 32.85 Chicken meet 18.00 17.00 13.66 12.45 15.00 13.69 15.55 14.38 Eggs (10 pieces) 7.60 7.43 6.50 6.08 7.26 6.72 7.12 6.74 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 II quarter 2015 2016 III quarter 2014 2015 IV quarter 2014 2015 1.90 1.97 1.86 1.91 1.35 1.26 1.20 1.27 2.30 2.19 2.36 2.28 1.70 1.25 1.41 1.45 2.57 2.48 2.62 2.55 1.72 1.21 1.61 1.51 10.2 8.52 7.95 8.89 11.23 10.16 9.97 10.45 9.50 7.83 7.60 8.31 10.57 8.95 8.16 9.23 9.50 7.92 7.53 8.31 10.70 9.33 8.55 9.53 37.00 36.00 35.50 36.17 33.33 32.78 32.04 32.72 37.83 36.67 37.03 37.08 36.33 36.05 35.04 35.81 38.00 36.62 37.14 37.25 35.33 35.73 33.39 34.82 36.00 32.15 32.86 33.67 32.50 30.13 30.00 30.88 37.83 32.16 35.68 35.22 35.67 32.15 33.14 33.65 37.67 32.38 35.79 35.28 33.83 31.32 31.36 32.17 17.00 13.00 15.24 15.08 20.00 13.91 15.00 16.30 17.00 12.49 14.10 14.53 17.00 13.00 15.24 15.08 17.00 12.91 14.30 14.74 17.00 13.38 15.24 15.21 7.33 6.05 6.88 6.75 7.43 6.33 7.03 6.93 7.93 6.63 7.20 7.25 7.29 6.06 7.12 6.82 7.67 6.39 7.09 7.05 7.50 6.82 7.52 7.28 141
40. Food Security and Poverty APPENDIX 4 . MONEY INCOMES, EXPENDITURES AND CONSUMPTION OF HOUSEHOLDS IN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN, BY DECILE POPULATION GROUPS (according to sampling household budget survey) of which: All households the poorest 10% of population 1st half of 2015 Money incomes , somoni 1st half of 2016 Urban the poorest 10% of population 1st half of 2015 1st half of 2016 the poorest 10% of population 1st half of 2015 Rural the poorest 10% of population 1st half of 2016 1st half of 2015 1st half of 2016 the poorest 10% of population 1st half of 2015 1st half of 2016 the poorest 10% of population 1st half of 2015 1st half of 2016 53.66 69.12 740.95 746.23 110.46 120.83 839.75 802.48 33.71 50.88 706.34 725.73 labor incomes 30.72 39.80 325.23 324.35 83.33 94.21 523.55 515.56 12.24 20.57 255.41 256.03 social payments (pension, scholarships, benefits and other payments) 10.17 12.02 29.00 28.78 10.63 12.92 38.92 32.32 10.01 11.70 25.51 27.51 0.39 1.65 105.74 123.76 0 1.01 8.14 0.52 2.24 142.69 165.00 12.38 15.65 280.98 270.70 16.50 13.69 276.27 246.47 10.94 16.37 282.73 279.05 171.29 172.68 545.09 544.57 162.18 166.43 694.27 667.90 174.48 174.65 492.67 500.33 156.45 159.47 463.43 471.65 154.51 156.49 615.29 605.06 157.11 160.30 410.04 423.83 101.18 100.09 209.11 210.01 94.85 97.53 273.81 273.66 103.40 100.90 186.36 187.25 purchase of nonfoods for personal consumption 29.34 34.04 173.68 175.29 28.28 27.27 222.13 206.28 29.71 36.36 156.65 164.00 services 25.85 25.21 80.03 85.85 31.37 31.68 119.06 124.91 23.91 22.87 66.30 71.97 0.07 0.13 0.61 0.50 0.01 0.01 0.29 0.21 0.09 0.17 0.73 0.61 of which: receipts from sales of agricultural products, feeds, livestock, etc. other incomes (including remittances) Expenditures, somoni of which: consumer expenditures purchase of foods, including public catering purchase of alcoholic beverages 142 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
41. Food Security and Poverty of which : All households the poorest 10% of population 1st half of 2015 1st half of 2016 Urban the poorest 10% of population 1st half of 2015 1st half of 2016 the poorest 10% of population 1st half of 2015 1st half of 2016 Rural the poorest 10% of population 1st half of 2015 1st half of 2016 the poorest 10% of population 1st half of 2015 1st half of 2016 the poorest 10% of population 1st half of 2015 1st half of 2016 Consumption of main foodstuffs, per 1 household member, kg Bread and bread products 11.68 11.49 13.71 13.78 9.67 9.42 12.54 11.88 12.38 12.22 14.13 14.46 Potatoes 2.53 2.73 3.51 3.83 2.22 2.53 3.61 3.71 2.64 2.80 3.47 3.87 Vegetables and melons 5.37 5.95 8.25 9.09 4.44 4.86 9.65 10.15 5.70 6.32 7.76 8.69 Fruits and berries, including dry 0.70 0.79 1.87 1.90 0.68 0.89 2.47 2.43 0.70 0.75 1.65 1.71 Meat and meat products 0.67 0.71 1.91 1.93 0.62 0.00 2.47 2.37 0.69 0.73 1.70 1.77 Milk and dairy products 4.60 4.54 8.48 7.91 2.21 2.21 7.72 7.35 5.44 5.36 8.75 8.10 Fish and fish products 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.01 0.02 0.08 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.04 Eggs (pieces) 0.05 0.04 0.10 0.10 0.04 0.04 0.11 0.11 0.05 0.05 0.09 0.09 Sugar and confectionery 1.00 0.98 1.41 1.45 0.79 0.79 1.42 1.43 1.08 0.00 1.41 1.45 Vegetable oil and other fats 1.12 1.17 1.67 1.69 1.01 1.05 1.55 1.57 1.16 1.22 1.71 1.74 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 143
42. Food Security and Poverty APPENDIX 5 . DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS AND POPULATION IN THEM BY PER CAPITA INCOME IN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN IN JANUARY – JUNE of 2015 AND 2016 (according to sampling household budget surveys, in %) Distribution by money income in January – June of 2015 Total income Disposable income Number of Number of Population in Population in households households them them surveyed surveyed Total number below 120.00 120.01-160.00 160.01-200.00 200.01-240.00 240.01-280.00 280.01-320.00 320.01-360.00 360.01-400.00 400.01-440.00 440.01-480.00 480.01-520.00 520.01-560.00 560.01-600.00 600.01-640.00 640.01-680.00 680.01-720.00 720.01-760.00 760.01-800.00 800.01 and above 144 2952 17119 2952 including those with monthly per capita income (somoni): 17.8 21.8 18.1 12.6 14.6 12.8 12.3 13.3 13.1 10.7 11.1 10.8 8.9 8.8 9.3 7.5 6.7 7.2 5.6 4.8 5.5 5.0 4.2 4.8 3.8 3.1 3.7 2.5 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.7 2.1 1.8 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.0 1.5 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.6 3.6 2.2 3.3 17119 22.1 14.8 14.3 11.0 9.0 6.6 4.7 4.0 3.0 1.7 1.7 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.4 2.1 Distribution by money income in January – June of 2016 Total income Disposable income Number of Number of Population in Population in households households them them surveyed surveyed Total number 2952 17119 2952 17119 including those with monthly per capita income (somoni): 14.5 17.7 14.9 18.1 below 120.00 120.01-160.00 11.7 14.0 11.8 14.2 160.01-200.00 12.5 14.0 13.0 14.4 200.01-240.00 11.7 12.1 12.4 12.7 240.01-280.00 10.1 10.0 10.1 9.9 280.01-320.00 7.8 7.4 7.5 7.0 320.01-360.00 6.3 5.5 6.1 5.4 360.01-400.00 4.7 4.0 4.7 3.9 400.01-440.00 3.6 2.9 3.6 3.0 440.01-480.00 3.0 2.5 2.8 2.2 480.01-520.00 2.8 2.1 2.6 2.1 520.01-560.00 1.9 1.5 1.9 1.4 560.01-600.00 1.6 1.2 1.4 1.0 600.01-640.00 1.1 0.8 1.0 0.7 640.01-680.00 0.7 0.6 0.9 0.6 680.01-720.00 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.5 720.01-760.00 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.4 760.01-800.00 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.4 800.01 and above 3.8 2.4 3.5 2.1 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
43. Food Security and Poverty APPENDIX 6 . STRUCTURE OF AVERAGE MONTHLY EXPENDITURES OF POPULATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN (according to sampling household budget survey) January – June of 2015 January – June of 2016 Per 1 household member, somoni / month of which: Urban area Rural area Money expenditures 244.23 310.06 220.38 of which: Consumer expenditures 222.40 285.28 199.63 including: for foods 130.46 160.59 119.53 for nonfoods 54.81 69.29 49.57 of which: clothes, footwear, fabrics 18.01 24.06 15.82 furniture and cultural and household appliances 6.75 9.64 5.71 medicines 7.79 11.00 6.63 building materials 6.92 6.87 6.93 fuel 1.68 5.97 2.07 tobacco goods, makhorka 0.30 0.24 0.32 alcoholic beverages 0.25 0.08 0.32 services 35.19 54.72 28.14 of which: housing and communal services 12.14 21.91 8.62 including payments for : Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 Per 1 household member, in % of which: Urban area Rural area Per 1 household member, somoni / month of which: Urban area Rural area Per 1 household member, in % of which: Urban area Rural area 100 100 100 254.52 319.38 230.88 100 100 100 91.06 92.01 90.58 232.99 296.30 209.94 91.54 92.77 90.93 58.66 56.29 59.88 135.39 166.22 124.13 58.11 56.10 59.13 24.64 24.29 24.83 60.15 72.20 55.75 25.82 24.37 26.56 32.86 34.72 31.91 19.48 24.73 17.56 32.39 34.25 31.50 12.32 13.91 11.52 6.85 8.28 6.33 11.39 11.47 11.35 14.21 15.88 13.38 9.21 3.79 7.96 15.31 5.25 14.28 12.63 9.91 13.98 8.04 12.7 9.14 13.37 17.59 16.39 3.07 8.62 4.18 1.02 0.63 1.16 1.70 0.87 2.08 0.55 0.35 0.65 0.34 0.22 0.38 0.57 0.30 0.68 0.46 0.12 0.65 0.1 0.00 0.01 0.14 0.00 15.82 19.18 14.10 37.25 57.84 29.82 15.99 19.52 14.20 34.50 40.04 30.63 12.68 22.87 9.01 34.04 39.54 30.21 0.004 145
44. Food Security and Poverty January – June of 2015 Per 1 household member, somoni / month dwelling space communal services o/w electric energy personal services o/w repair and individual manufacture of clothes and footwear cultural and educational services payments for education payments for medical services payments for treatment in sanatoria and health resorts, including rest transport services communication services legal services Taxes, due, and other payments Other expenditures 146 of which: Urban area Rural area January – June of 2016 of which: Per 1 household member, in % Urban area Rural area Per 1 household member, somoni / month of which: Urban area Rural area Per 1 household member, in % of which: Urban area Rural area 0.3 0.77 0.13 2.47 3.51 1.51 0.50 1.09 0.28 3.94 4.77 3.11 11.84 21.14 8.49 97.53 96.49 98.49 12.18 21.78 8.73 96.06 95.23 96.89 7.27 13.62 4.98 61.40 64.43 58.66 7.21 14.09 4.74 59.20 64.69 54.30 2.87 2.67 2.97 8.16 4.88 10.55 2.87 2.91 11.85 7.70 5.03 39.74 0.62 0.53 0.65 21.60 19.85 21.89 0.72 0.63 0.75 25.09 21.65 6.33 0.04 0.15 0.00 0.11 0.27 0.00 0.03 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.16 0.30 1.30 6.39 8.97 4.62 3.35 4.91 2.79 8.99 2.25 4.91 8.49 9.36 2.00 2.18 1.94 5.68 3.98 6.89 2.16 3.08 1.82 5.80 5.33 6.10 0.05 0.08 0.04 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.20 0.03 0.25 0.54 0.05 0.84 10.46 14.44 9.01 29.72 26.39 32.02 10.69 15.39 8.99 28.70 26.61 30.15 4.41 6.30 3.73 12.53 11.51 13.26 4.20 6.31 3.44 11.28 10.91 11.54 0.17 0.03 0.22 0.48 0.05 0.78 0.26 0.19 0.29 0.70 0.33 0.97 6.05 14.34 3.07 2.48 4.62 1.39 6.06 14.60 2.99 2.38 4.57 1.30 15.78 10.44 17.68 6.46 3.37 8.02 15.47 8.48 17.95 6.08 2.66 7.77 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
45. Food Security and Poverty continued DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS AND POPULATION IN THEM BY PER CAPITA CONSUMER EXPENDITURES in January – June of 2015 (according to sampling household budget survey), in % Total number Number of households surveyed Population in them 3000 17379 1 person 22 of which those with monthly per capita expenditures (somoni) : 16.5 21.5 0.0 Below 80.00 17.7 20.0 0.0 80.01-100.00 15.5 15.9 0.0 100.01-120.00 13.1 13.1 0.0 120.01-140.00 9.3 8.5 3.8 140.01-160.00 7.1 5.9 0.0 160.01-180.00 5.0 4.1 7.7 180.01-200.00 3.7 3.0 7.7 200.01-220.00 220.01-240.00 240.01-260.00 260.01-280.00 280.01-300.00 300.01-320.00 320.01-340.00 340.01-360.00 360.01-380.00 380.01-400.00 400.01-420.00 420.01 and above 2.3 2.1 1.3 1.4 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.1 1.9 1.6 1.4 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.1 1.3 3.8 3.8 3.8 0.0 19.2 7.7 11.5 3.8 0.0 0.0 26.9 Households consisting of: 2 3 4 persons person persons Households having 5 and more persons children below 16 of which households having 1 2 3 4 and child children children more children 109 270 498 2053 658 771 554 463 2446 2.5 0.0 5.0 5.0 5.9 14.3 7.6 9.2 8.4 9.2 4.2 3.4 6.7 3.4 1.7 2.5 0.8 0.8 9.2 3.5 6.2 9.3 11.1 8.7 10.7 11.4 8.7 6.2 5.9 3.1 5.5 1.7 2.1 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.0 3.8 5.7 13.2 15.2 14.7 13.8 10.3 7.3 4.2 3.1 3.3 2.0 1.3 0.7 0.9 1.8 0.2 0.7 0.4 1.3 21.7 21.5 17.3 13.7 8.6 5.5 3.5 2.5 1.2 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 1.1 18.9 19.6 16.5 13.5 9.1 6.4 4.2 3.2 1.7 1.5 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 1.1 7.2 17.7 12.0 14.5 11.7 9.1 6.6 5.0 3.4 3.8 2.3 1.2 0.8 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.2 1.5 14.6 18.1 18.7 14.4 10.4 7.1 5.0 3.4 1.6 1.1 1.2 0.8 1.1 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.7 21.2 20.5 20.7 13.9 8.4 5.8 3.0 2.1 1.2 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 38.2 23.5 14.1 10.4 4.8 2.6 1.4 1.8 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 1.4 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 147
46. Food Security and Poverty continued DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS AND POPULATION IN THEM BY PER CAPITA CONSUMER EXPENDITURES in January – June of 2016 (according to sampling household budget survey), in % Total number Number of households surveyed Population in them 3000 17559 1 person 26 of which those with monthly per capita expenditures (somoni) : 11.5 15.6 0.0 Below 120.00 15.2 17.7 0.0 120.01-160.00 16.5 17.9 3.4 160.01-200.00 13.9 13.7 0.0 200.01-240.00 10.0 9.7 0.0 240.01-280.00 8.1 7.1 6.9 280.01-320.00 5.7 4.8 6.9 320.01-360.00 4.7 3.8 3.4 360.01-400.00 400.01-440.00 440.01-480.00 480.00-520.00 520.01-560.00 560.01-600.00 600.01-640.00 640.01-680.00 680.01-720.00 720.01-760.00 760.01-800.00 800.01 and above 148 2.8 2.3 1.9 1.1 1.3 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.3 2.2 2.1 1.7 1.4 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.2 1.3 3.4 0.0 3.4 3.4 6.9 6.9 3.4 0.0 3.4 6.9 41.4 Households consisting of: 2 3 4 persons person persons Households having 5 and more persons children below 16 of which, households, having 1 2 3 4 and more child children children children 119 289 455 2065 2470 656 742 570 0.9 1.8 1.8 6.1 5.3 9.6 6.1 11.4 6.1 8.8 7.9 5.3 7.0 1.8 4.4 2.6 0.9 2.6 9.6 2.0 4.4 12.4 10.7 7.7 12.4 11.1 7.4 6.7 5.0 3.4 2.3 3.4 2.3 1.7 1.7 0.7 0.7 4.0 5.7 7.7 12.8 16.6 12.1 9.6 7.7 7.2 3.4 3.4 2.3 2.8 1.7 1.1 1.3 1.7 0.2 0.4 2.3 14.9 19.4 18.9 14.3 10.3 7.1 4.4 3.4 1.8 1.4 1.3 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.9 13.2 17.0 17.8 14.5 10.3 8.0 5.1 3.9 2.3 1.8 1.4 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 1.2 5.5 10.1 15.6 16.1 11.1 11.3 7.0 5.6 4.6 2.5 2.3 1.5 1.5 1.7 0.5 0.8 0.2 0.5 1.7 10.7 14.2 18.0 14.9 11.5 9.4 5.2 4.3 2.0 1.6 1.8 1.2 1.2 0.4 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.1 1.6 12.0 18.6 19.7 15.6 10.2 7.4 5.7 3.8 1.3 2.1 1.5 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 502 26.4 26.4 17.9 10.9 7.8 3.3 2.4 1.5 1.1 0.7 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.5 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
47. Food Security and Poverty APPENDIX 7 . PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION OF FOOD IN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN (according to sampling household budget surveys) (per month, kg) January – June of 2015 January – June of 2016 of which: Total Bread products Urban area of which: Rural area Total Urban area Rural area 12.0 10.9 12.5 12.3 11.3 12.7 Potatoes 2.7 2.9 2.6 3.1 3.3 3.0 Vegetables and melons 6.9 8.7 6.3 8.2 9.4 7.8 Fruits and berries, including dry 1.7 1.9 1.9 2.1 1.9 2.2 Sugar and confectionary 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 Meat and meat products 1.0 1.9 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.0 0.01 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.01 6.1 3.9 6.9 6.5 4.3 7.3 6 7 6 6 7 7 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 Fish products Milk and dairy products Eggs (pieces) Vegetable oil and margarine Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 149
48. Food Security and Poverty FOOD SECURITY AND POVERTY INFORMATION BULLETIN / Edited by Hasanzoda G.K.. - Director of the Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan of the Republic of Tajikistan 734025 Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Bokhtar Street, 17 150 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016