HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad Financial Statements - 31 December 2016

Transcription

1. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) FINANCIAL STATEMENTS – 31 DECEMBER 2016 Domiciled in Malaysia. Registered Office: 10th Floor, North Tower, 2, Leboh Ampang, 50100 Kuala Lumpur
2. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) CONTENTS 1 Board of Directors 2 Corporate Governance Disclosures 5 Board Responsibility and Oversight Board of Directors Board Committees 11 Management Reports 12 Internal Control Framework 14 Remuneration Policy 15 Rating by External Rating Agencies 16 Directors’ Report 26 Directors’ Statement 27 Statutory Declaration 28 Independent Auditors’ Report 32 Statements of Financial Position 33 Statements of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income 34 Statements of Changes in Equity 38 Statements of Cash Flows 42 Notes to the Financial Statements
3. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) BOARD OF DIRECTORS Peter Wong Tung Shun Non-Independent Executive Director (re-appointed on 5 February 2017) Mukhtar Malik Hussain Non-Independent Executive Director/Chief Executive Officer Lee Choo Hock Independent Non-Executive Director Tan Kar Leng @ Chen Kar Leng Independent Non-Executive Director Tan Sri Dato’ Tan Boon Seng @ Krishnan Independent Non-Executive Director Choo Yoo Kwan @ Choo Yee Kwan Independent Non-Executive Director (appointed on 11 February 2017) Datuk Shireen Ann Zaharah Muhiudeen Independent Director (resigned on 2 February 2016) 1
4. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DISCLOSURES The Bank is committed to high standards of corporate governance. As a financial institution, the Bank is subject to and complies with Bank Negara Malaysia policy document on ‘Corporate Governance’. The statement of corporate governance practices set out on pages 2 to 14 and information incorporated by reference constitutes the Corporate Governance Disclosures of HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad (the Bank). Directors The Directors serving as at the date of this report are set out below. Peter Wong Tung Shun, 66 Non-Independent Executive Director Appointed to the Board and as Chairman: 5 February 2010 Re-appointed as Non-Independent Executive Director: 5 February 2017 Mr Wong holds a Bachelor’s degree in Computer Science, MBA in Marketing and Finance and MSc in Computer Science from Indiana University in the United States. He joined HSBC in 2005, as Group General Manager, HSBC Holdings plc and Executive Director, The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited, before assuming the position of Chief Executive for Asia-Pacific in February 2010. He became Deputy Chairman of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited in May 2013. Mr Wong is currently the Deputy Chairman and Chief Executive of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited. He is a Group Managing Director and a member of the Group Management Board of HSBC Holdings plc. In addition, he is the Chairman and Non-Executive Director of HSBC Bank (China) Company Limited, Non-Executive Director of Hang Seng Bank Limited and an Independent Non-Executive Director of Cathay Pacific Airways Limited. Mr. Wong is also the Vice Chairman and Non-Executive Director of Bank of Communications Co., Limited Mukhtar Malik Hussain, 57 Non-Independent Executive Director/Chief Executive Officer Appointed to the Board and as Chief Executive Officer: 15 December 2009 Mr Mukhtar is a member of the Nominations Committee of the Bank. Mr Mukhtar graduated from the University of Wales with a Bachelor of Science in Economics. He first joined the HSBC Group in 1982 as a graduate trainee in Midland Bank International. He was then appointed as Assistant Director in Samuel Montagu in 1991. After more than 10 years of working in the HSBC Group’s London offices, Mr Mukhtar held numerous posts in Dubai, including Chief Executive Officer of HSBC Financial Services (Middle East) Limited from 1995 to 2003. He established the initiative to create the first foreign investment bank in Saudi Arabia for HSBC. In 2003, Mr Mukhtar assumed the position of Chief Executive Officer, Corporate and Investment Banking. He then headed back to London as the Co-Head of Global Banking in 2006. He was the Global Head of Principal Investments in London from 2006 to 2008. Between 2008 to 2009, he was the Deputy Chairman HSBC Bank Middle East Limited and Global Chief Executive Officer of HSBC Amanah. He was also the Chief Executive Officer, Global Banking and Markets for Middle East and North Africa before assuming his current role as the Chief Executive Officer of the Bank in 2009. Mr Mukhtar is also a Non-Executive Director of HSBC Amanah Malaysia Berhad (HBMS), a HSBC Group General Manager and member of the Executive Committee of HSBC Asia Pacific. 2
5. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DISCLOSURES (Cont’d) Lee Choo Hock, 64 Independent Non-Executive Director Appointed to the Board: 5 December 2013 Chairman of Audit Committee Mr Lee is a member of the Nominations Committee and Connected Party Transactions Committee of the Bank. He is a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales as well as the Malaysian Institute of Accountants. He began his career with Miller, Brener & Co., London, a professional accounting firm in 1975 and joined Maybank in 1982. Having worked with Maybank for 27 years, Mr Lee has built a successful career as a professional accountant. He served various management positions during his tenure with Malayan Banking Berhad until he retired in 2008 and last position was as the Executive Vice President, Head of Accounting Services and Treasury Back Office Operations. He has also served as a Director of a number of subsidiaries of Malayan Banking Berhad. In addition to his current role, Mr Lee also sits on the Board of Kossan Rubber Industries Berhad, Yayasan Kossan and HSBC Amanah Malaysia Berhad. Tan Kar Leng @ Chen Kar Leng, 73 Independent Non-Executive Director Appointed to the Board: 2 April 2014 Chairman of Nominations and Remuneration Committee (appointed on 13 February 2017) Ms Chen serves as a member of the Risk Committee, Nominations Committee and Connected Party Transactions Committee of the Bank. As a graduate from the University of Singapore (now the National University), she was called to the Malaysian Bar in January 1968 and Brunei Bar in May 1996. She has been appointed a partner of Skrine, Kuala Lumpur since January 1974 and Head of its Corporate Division on 31 December 2009. After her retirement, she has been retained as a consultant of the firm. In addition to her current role, Ms Chen also sits on the Board of Eastern & Oriental Berhad and The Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu Foundation. She is also a member of the Advocates & Solicitors Disciplinary Board appointed by the Chief Justice of Malaya. 3
6. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DISCLOSURES (Cont’d) Tan Sri Dato’ Tan Boon Seng @ Krishnan, 65 Independent Non-Executive Director Appointed to the Board: 2 April 2014 Chairman of Nominations Committee (until 13 February 2017) Chairman of Risk Committee Tan Sri Dato’ Krishnan Tan is a member of the Audit Committee and Connected Party Transactions Committee of the Bank. He qualified as a Certified Public Accountant in 1978 after graduating with a Bachelor of Economics (Honours) degree from University of Malaya in 1975, and holds a Master’s degree in Business Administration from Golden Gate University, San Francisco, USA. Tan Sri Dato’ Krishnan Tan is currently the Deputy Non-Executive Chairman of IJM Corporation Berhad and serves as a Director of IJM Plantations Berhad, and Grupo Concesionario del Oeste S.A., Argentina. He joined IJM as a Financial Controller in 1983 and was appointed Group Managing Director in 1997 and served in this position until 2010. He held the position of Executive Deputy Chairman of IJM Corporation Berhad from 2011 to 2013. In addition to his current role, Tan Sri Dato’ Krishnan sits on the Board of Malaysia Airlines Berhad, Malaysia Aviation Group Berhad, Malaysia Property Incorporated and Malaysian Community & Education Foundation and a member of the Olympic Council Trust Management Committee. Choo Yoo Kwan @ Choo Yee Kwan, 64 Independent Non-Executive Director Appointed to the Board: 11 February 2016 Mr Choo serves as a member of the Audit Committee, Risk Committee and Nominations Committee of the Bank. Mr Choo has honours degrees in economics and law from University of Malaya and University of London respectively, and is a Barrister-at-Law (of Lincoln’s Inn) following his call to the Bar of England and Wales in 1984. Mr Choo retired in July 2014 after having served the banking and risk management industry for 38 years. His last post was as Country Chief Risk Officer for OCBC Bank (Malaysia) Berhad (OCBC), having first joined the OCBC Group in December 2007. Prior to joining OCBC, he was the Chief Risk Officer for Maybank Group and Group Chief Risk Officer for Alliance Bank Malaysia Berhad. During his 14 years career at Maybank Group, he had served as Division Head for Credit Control; International Banking; Corporate Remedial Management; and Group Risk Management. He also served on the Corporate Debt Restructuring Committee set up under Bank Negara Malaysia. Before starting his career with Maybank, he had worked for the National Westminster Bank plc of the United Kingdom in the areas of Global Specialised Industries; and Group Credit Control. Mr Choo had served on the Education Committee of Asian Institute of Chartered Bankers for 14 years, (between 2000 and 2014); and was re-appointed to Education Committee in June 2016. He was appointed as a member of the University Malaya Medical Centre Ethics Committee for 2 years (from 2014 to 2015). He is currently a Teaching Fellow in the Asian Banking School. 4
7. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DISCLOSURES (Cont’d) BOARD RESPONSIBILITY AND OVERSIGHT Board of Directors The objectives of the management structures within the bank, headed by the Board of Directors and led by the Chairman, are to deliver sustainable value to shareholders. The Board sets the strategy and risk appetite for the Bank and approves capital and operating plans presented by management for the achievement of the strategic objectives it has set. The Board meets regularly and Directors receive information between meetings about the activities of committees and developments in the Bank’s business. All Directors have full and timely access to all relevant information and may take independent professional advice if necessary. At the date of this report, the Board consists of six (6) members; comprising two (2) Non-Independent Executive Directors and four (4) Independent Directors. The names of the Directors serving at the date of this report and brief biographical particulars for each of them are set out on pages 2 to 4. On 11 February 2016, Mr Choo Yoo Kwan @ Choo Yee Kwan was appointed as an Independent Director of the Bank. He was also appointed as a member of the Audit Committee, Risk Committee and Nominations Committee. On 5 February 2017, Mr Peter Wong Tung Shun, the Non-Independent Chairman, has been re-appointed as NonIndependent Executive Director of the Bank. In the interim until the appointment of a new Independent Chairman, the Board meetings will be chaired by an Independent Director of the Bank. Datuk Shireen Ann Zaharah Muhiudeen has resigned as an Independent Director of the Bank on 2 February 2016. All Directors, including those appointed by the Board to fill a casual vacancy, are subject to annual re-election at the Bank’s Annual General Meeting. Non-executive Directors are not HSBC employees and do not participate in the daily business management of the Bank. They bring an external perspective, constructively challenge and help develop proposals on strategy, scrutinise the performance of management in meeting agreed goals and objectives, and monitor the risk profile and reporting of performance of the Bank. The Board has determined that each non-executive Director is independent in character and judgement, and there are no relationships or circumstances likely to affect the judgement of the independent nonexecutive Directors. The Board has also determined the minimum time commitment expected of non-executive directors to be about 30 days per annum and with appointment in not more than 5 public listed companies. Time devoted to the Bank could be considerably more, particularly if serving on Board committees. 5
8. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DISCLOSURES (Cont’d) BOARD RESPONSIBILITY AND OVERSIGHT (Cont’d) Board of Directors (Cont’d) Board Meetings Seven (7) Board meetings were held in 2016. The table below show each Director’s attendance at meetings of all Board and Committee meetings during 2016. All Directors have complied with the Bank Negara Malaysia requirements that Directors must attend at least 75% of Board meetings held in the financial year. 2016 Board Audit Committee Risk Committee Nominations Committee Total number of meetings held Chairman/Non-Independent Executive Director: Peter Wong Tung Shun[1] 7 4 5 6 6/7 - - - Non-Independent Executive Director/Chief Executive Officer: Mukhtar Malik Hussain 7/7 - - 6/6 7/7 7/7 4/4 - 5/5 6/6 6/6 7/7 7/7 4/4 4/4 5/5 5/5 6/6 5/5 Independent Non-executive Directors: Lee Choo Hock Tan Kar Leng @ Chen Kar Leng Tan Sri Dato’ Tan Boon Seng @ Krishnan Choo Yoo Kwan @ Choo Yee Kwan[2] [1] [2] Re-appointed as Non-Independent Executive Director with effect from 5 February 2017. Appointed on 11 February 2016 6
9. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DISCLOSURES (Cont’d) BOARD RESPONSIBILITY AND OVERSIGHT (Cont’d) Board of Directors (Cont’d) Directors’ Emoluments Details of the emoluments of the Directors of the bank for 2016, disclosed in accordance with the Companies Act, 1965, are shown in Note 35(b) to the financial statements. Training and Development Formal, tailored induction programmes are arranged for newly appointed Directors. The induction programmes consist of a series of meetings with senior executives to enable new Directors to familiarise themselves with the Bank’s business. Directors also received comprehensive guidance from the Company Secretary on Directors’ duties and responsibilities. Training and development is provided for Directors. Executive Directors develop and refresh their skills and knowledge through day-to-day interactions and briefings with senior management of the Bank’s businesses and functions. Non-Executive Directors have access to internal training and development resources and personalised training is provided where necessary. The Nominations Committee, with support from the Company Secretary, regularly reviews the training and development of each Director. The table below shows a summary of training and development undertaken by each Director during 2016. Training Areas Chairman/NonIndependent Executive Director Peter Wong Tung Shun[1] Financial Crime Risk Briefings on Board committees related topics Regulatory updates Corporate Governance Financial industry developments √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Non-Independent Executive Director/Chief Executive Officer Mukhtar Malik Hussain Independent Nonexecutive Directors Lee Choo Hock Tan Kar Leng @ Chen Kar Leng Tan Sri Dato’ Tan Boon Seng @ Krishnan Choo Yoo Kwan @ Choo Yee Kwan [1] Re-appointed as Non-Independent Executive Director with effect from 5 February 2017 7
10. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DISCLOSURES (Cont’d) BOARD RESPONSIBILITY AND OVERSIGHT (Cont’d) Board Committees The Board has established a number of committees, the membership of which comprise independent non-executive Directors who have the skills, knowledge and experience relevant to the responsibilities of the committee. The Board and each Board committee have terms of reference to document their responsibilities and governance procedures. The details of the Board Charter comprising the Board committees’ terms of reference are available at http://www.about.hsbc.com.my/hsbc-inmalaysia/management-team. The key roles of the Board committees are described in the paragraph below. The Chairman of each Board committee reports to each subsequent Board meeting when presenting the meeting minutes of the relevant committee. As at the date of this report, the following are the principal Board committees: 1. Audit Committee The Audit Committee is accountable to the Board and has non-executive responsibility for oversight of and advice to the Board on financial reporting related matters and internal controls over financial reporting, covering all material controls The Audit Committee reviews the financial statements of the Bank before submission to the Board. It also monitors and reviews the effectiveness of the internal audit function and the Bank’s financial and accounting policies and practices. The Audit Committee advises the Board on the appointment of the external auditors and is responsible for oversight of the external auditors. The Audit Committee meets regularly with the bank’s senior financial and internal audit management and the external auditor to consider, inter alia, the bank’s financial reporting, the nature and scope of audit reviews and the effectiveness of the systems of internal control relating to financial reporting. The current members of the Audit Committee, all being independent non-executive Directors, are:  Lee Choo Hock (Chairman)  Choo Yoo Kwan @ Choo Yee Kwan  Tan Sri Dato’ Tan Boon Seng @ Krishnan During 2016, the Audit Committee held 4 meetings. Attendance is set out in the table on page 6. 2. Risk Committee The Risk Committee is accountable to the Board and has non-executive responsibility for oversight of and advice to the Board on high level risk related matters and risk governance. The Risk Committee meets regularly with the bank’s senior financial, risk, internal audit and compliance management to consider, inter alia, risk reports and the effectiveness of compliance. The Board and the Risk Committee oversee the maintenance and development of a strong risk management framework by continually monitoring the risk environment, top and emerging risks facing the Bank and mitigation actions planned and taken. The Risk Committee recommends the approval of the Bank’s risk appetite statement to the Board and monitors performance against the key performance/risk indicators included within the statement. The Risk Committee monitors the risk profiles for all of the risk categories within the Bank’s business. The current members of the Risk Committee, all being independent non-executive Directors, are:  Tan Sri Dato’ Tan Boon Seng @ Krishnan (Chairman)  Choo Yoo Kwan @ Choo Yee Kwan  Tan Kar Leng @ Chen Kar Leng During 2016, the Risk Committee held 5 meetings. Attendance is set out in the table on page 6. 8
11. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DISCLOSURES (Cont’d) BOARD RESPONSIBILITY AND OVERSIGHT (Cont’d) Board Committees (Cont’d) 3. Nominations Committee The Nominations Committee has the responsibility for leading the process for Board appointments and for identifying and nominating, for the approval of the Board, candidates for appointment to the Board and for the Chief Executive Officer. The Nominations Committee considers plans for orderly succession to the Board and the appropriate balance of skills, knowledge and experience on the Board. The Nominations Committee assists the Board in the evaluation of the Board’s own effectiveness and that of its committees annually. The findings of the performance evaluation and the implementation of actions arising from the performance evaluation are reported to the Board during 2016. The members of the Nominations Committee are, being a majority of independent non-executive Directors, are:  Tan Sri Dato’ Tan Boon Seng @ Krishnan (Chairman)  Choo Yoo Kwan @ Choo Yee Kwan  Lee Choo Hock  Mukhtar Malik Hussain  Tan Kar Leng @ Chen Kar Leng During 2016, the Nominations Committee held 6 meetings. Attendance is set out in the table on page 6. On 13 February 2017, the Board approved the setting up of a combined Nominations and Remuneration Committee and delegated the non-executive responsibility for identifying and nominating candidates for appointment by the Board and for supporting the Board in overseeing the operation of the Bank’s remuneration system and reviewing the remuneration of Directors on the Board. The members of the Nominations and Remuneration Committee, all being independent non-executive Directors, are:  Tan Kar Leng @ Chen Kar Leng (Chairman)  Choo Yoo Kwan @ Choo Yee Kwan  Lee Choo Hock  Tan Sri Dato’ Tan Boon Seng @ Krishnan Delegations By the Board Connected Party Transactions Committee The Connected Party Transactions Committee is delegated with the authority of the Board to approve transactions with connected parties of the Bank. The current members of the Connected Party Transaction Committee are:  Lee Choo Hock,  Tan Kar Leng @ Chen Kar Leng,  Tan Sri Dato’ Tan Boon Seng @ Krishnan,  Chief Risk Officer; and  Head of Wholesale Credit and Risk 9
12. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DISCLOSURES (Cont’d) BOARD RESPONSIBILITY AND OVERSIGHT (Cont’d) Board Committees (Cont’d) Delegations By the Board (Cont’d) Executive Committee The Executive Committee consists of key senior management members meets regularly and operates as a general management committee under the direct authority of the Board, exercising all of the powers, authorities and discretions of the Board in so far as they concern the management and day-to-day running of the bank, in accordance with such policies and directions as the Board may from time to time determine. The Bank's Chief Executive Officer, Mukhtar Malik Hussain, chairs the Executive Committee. Regular Risk Management Meetings (RMM) of the Executive Committee, chaired by the Chief Risk Officer, Malaysia, are held to establish, maintain and periodically review the policy and guidelines for the management of risk within the bank. To strengthen the governance framework in anticipation of structural and regulatory changes that affect the Bank, the following sub-committees of the Executive Committee were established: (i) Asset and Liability Management Committee The Asset and Liability Management Committee is responsible for the efficient management of the Bank’s balance sheet and the prudent management of risks. (ii) Risk Management Meeting The Risk Management Meeting is responsible for the oversight of the risk framework. (iii) IT Steering Committee The IT Steering Committee is responsible for the oversight of the implementation and development of the IT strategy. The Committee is accountable for reviewing, challenging and approving the financial planning and IT performance. (iv) People Committee The People Committee is established as a principle human resource forum to drive People Plan i.e. build capability, talent, succession and leaders. The Committees oversees the development and delivery of key people initiative or programmes, and resolve any critical people risks or issues. Conflicts of Interest and Indemnification of Directors The Bank’s Articles of Association give the Board authority to approve Directors’ conflicts and potential conflicts of interest. The Board has adopted a policy and procedures for the approval of Directors’ conflicts or potential conflicts of interest. The Board’s powers to authorise conflicts are operating effectively and the procedures are being followed. A review of situational conflicts which have been authorised, including the terms of authorisation, is undertaken by the Board annually. The Articles of Association provide that Directors are entitled to be indemnified out of the assets of the Bank against claims from third parties in respect of certain liabilities arising in connection with the performance of their functions. Such indemnity provisions have been in place but have not been utilised by the Directors. All Directors have the benefit of directors’ and officers’ liability insurance. 10
13. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DISCLOSURES (Cont’d) MANAGEMENT REPORTS The Board meetings are structured around a pre-set agenda and reports for discussion, notation and approvals are circulated in advance of the meeting dates. To enable Directors to keep abreast with the performance of the Bank and its subsidiaries (collectively known as the Group), key reports submitted to the Board during the financial year include:  Minutes of the Board Committees  Annual Operating Plan  Business Progress Report  Capital Contingency Funding Plan  Credit Advances Reports  Credit Transactions and Exposures to Connected Parties  Financial Crime Compliance: Anti-Money Laundering and Counter Terrorist Financing Reports  Financial Performance Report  Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process  Market Risk Limits  Operational Risk Report  People Plan  Regulatory Compliance Report  Risk Appetite Statement  Risk Management Reports  Scenario Stress Testing Results 11
14. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DISCLOSURES (Cont’d) INTERNAL CONTROL FRAMEWORK The Directors are responsible for reviewing the effectiveness of risk management and internal control systems and for determining the nature and extent of the principal risks the Group and the Bank is willing to take in achieving its strategic objectives. To meet this requirement, procedures have been designed for safeguarding assets against unauthorised use or disposal; for maintaining proper accounting records; and for ensuring the reliability and usefulness of financial information used within the business or for publication. These procedures can only provide reasonable but not absolute assurance against material mis-statement, errors, losses or fraud. Key risk management and internal control procedures include the following: • HSBC Group standards HSBC Global Standards Manual (GSM) brings together the common standards and principles used in the conduct of all businesses, whatever its location or nature. The GSM overlays all other manuals throughout HSBC Group and is a fundamental component of the HSBC Group’s risk management structure. It establishes the high level standards and policies by which, and within which, all members of the HSBC Group conduct their businesses. The GSM is mandatory and applies to, and must be observed by, all businesses within the HSBC Group, regardless of the nature or location of their activities. • Delegation of authority within limits set by the Board Authority to manage the day to day running of the Group and the Bank is delegated within limits set by the Board to the Chief Executive who has responsibility for overseeing the establishment and maintenance of systems of control appropriate to the business and who has the authority to delegate such duties and responsibilities as he sees fit. Appointments to certain senior positions within the Group and the Bank require the approval of the Board of Directors. • Risk identification and monitoring Systems and procedures are in place to identify, control and report on the major risks facing the Group and the Bank as set out below: – wholesale credit risk; – retail credit risk; – financial crime compliance risk – capital management risk; – liquidity risk management risks; – market risk; – financial management risk; – strategic risk; – sustainability risk; and – operational risk (including accounting, tax, legal, regulatory compliance, financial crime, compliance, fiduciary, political, physical, internal, external, contingency, information security systems, operations, project and people risks.) Exposure to these risks is monitored by Board Risk Committee, Asset, Liability and Capital Management Committee, Executive Committee and RMM of the Executive Committee which is chaired by Chief Risk Officer. The RMM also monitors the Group and the Bank’s operational risk profile and the effective implementation of the Group and the Bank’s operational risk management framework. • Changes in market conditions/practices Processes are in place to identify new risks arising from changes in market conditions/practices or customer behaviours, which could expose the Group and the Bank to heightened risk of loss or reputational damage. The Group and the Bank employs a top and emerging risks framework, which enables it to identify current and forward-looking risks and to take action which either prevents them materialising or limits their impact. 12
15. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DISCLOSURES (Cont’d) INTERNAL CONTROL FRAMEWORK (Cont’d) • Changes in market conditions/practices (Cont’d) During 2016, attention was focused on: – financial crime compliance risk; – affiliate risk; – macroeconomic and geopolitical risk; – macro prudential/regulatory risk – people risk; – security risk (Information and physical security) • Strategic plans Periodic strategic plans are prepared for Businesses and Functions within the framework of the HSBC Group’s strategy. The Group and the Bank also prepares and adopts an Annual Operating Plan, which is informed by detailed analysis of risk appetite, describing the types and quantum of risk that we are prepared to take in executing our strategy and sets out the key business initiatives and the likely financial effects of those initiatives. • Financial reporting The Group and the Bank’s financial reporting process for preparing the financial statements is in accordance with the Malaysian Financial Reporting Standards, International Financial Reporting Standards, the requirements of the Companies Act, 1965 in Malaysia and guidelines issued by Bank Negara Malaysia, and, supported by a chart of accounts with detailed instructions and guidance on reporting requirements, issued by Global Finance to the Group and the Bank in advance of each reporting period end. The submission of financial information from the Group and the Bank is subject to certification by the responsible financial officer, and analytical review procedures at the Group and the Bank. • Responsibility for risk management Management of global businesses and global functions are primarily accountable for measuring, monitoring, mitigating and managing their risks and controls. Processes are in place to ensure weaknesses are escalated to senior management and addressed, supported by our three lines of defence model. • IT operations Centralised functional control is exercised over all IT development and operations. Common systems are employed for similar business processes wherever practicable. • Function management Group-set policies, procedures and standards to control the principal risks detailed under ‘Risk identification and monitoring’ will be followed, unless those contravene the local regulations. In cases where the two do not contravene, the stricter one will be adopted. Limits of authorities to enter into credit and market risk exposures are delegated to line management of the Group and the Bank. The concurrence of the appropriate Global Risks is required, for credit proposals with specified higher risk characteristics. Credit and market risks are measured and reported at Bank level and aggregated for risk concentration analysis on a Groupwide basis. • Internal audit The establishment and maintenance of appropriate systems of risk management and internal control is primarily the responsibility of business management. The Global Internal Audit function, provides independent and objective assurance in respect of the adequacy of the design and operating effectiveness of the framework of risk management, control and governance processes, focusing on the areas of greatest risk to HSBC using a riskbased approach. 13
16. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DISCLOSURES (Cont’d) INTERNAL CONTROL FRAMEWORK (Cont’d) • Internal audit (Cont’d) Executive committee is responsible for ensuring that recommendations made by the Global Internal Audit function are implemented within an appropriate and agreed timetable. Confirmation to this effect must be provided to Global Internal Audit. During the year, the Risk Committee and the Audit Committee have kept under review the effectiveness of this system of internal control and have reported regularly to the Board. In carrying out their reviews, the Audit Committee and Risk Committee receive regular business and operational risk assessments; regular reports from the heads of key risk functions, which cover all internal controls, both financial and non-financial; internal audit reports; external audit reports; prudential reviews; and regulatory reports. The Risk Committee monitors the status of principal risks and considers whether the mitigating actions put in place are appropriate. In addition, when unexpected losses have arisen or when incidents have occurred which indicate gaps in the control framework or in adherence to HSBC policies, the Risk Committee and the Audit Committee review special reports, prepared at the instigation of management, which analyse the cause of the issue, the lessons learned and the actions proposed by management to address the issue. REMUNERATION POLICY The remuneration policy for the HSBC Group is aiming to reward success, not failure, and to be properly aligned with the risk management framework and risk outcomes. In order to ensure alignment between remuneration and business strategy, individual remuneration is determined through assessment of performance, delivered against both annual and long-term objectives summarised in performance scorecards, as well as adherence to HSBC Values of being ‘open, connected and dependable’ and acting with ‘courageous integrity’. Altogether, performance is judged not only on what is achieved over the short and long term, but also on how it is achieved, as the latter contributes to the sustainability of the organisation. The financial and non-financial measures incorporated in the annual and long-term scorecards are carefully considered to ensure alignment with the long-term strategy of the HSBC Group. The Group and the Bank has fully adopted the remuneration policy of HSBC Holdings plc. Please refer to the HSBC remuneration practices and governance at http://www.hsbc.com/about-hsbc/corporate-governance for more details of the governance structure and the remuneration strategy of the HSBC Group. In recognition to the local regulations, the materiality of definition needs to be taken into consideration in ensuring a robust corporate governance framework has been duly applied for the Group and the Bank. Further reviews will be conducted to ensure continued adherence to the underlying principles of the local regulations. 14
17. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) RATING BY EXTERNAL RATING AGENCIES Details of the Bank’s ratings are as follows: Rating Agency Date Rating Classification Ratings Received RAM Ratings Services Berhad June 2016     Long term Short term Subordinated liabilities Outlook AAA P1 AA1 Stable Moody’s Investors Service Jan 2017     Foreign currency long term deposits Local currency long term deposits Foreign currency short term deposits Local currency short term deposits A3 (Stable) A1 (Negative) P-2 P-1 Details of the ratings of the Bank’s wholly owned subsidiary, HSBC Amanah Malaysia Berhad are as follows: Rating Agency Date Rating Classification Ratings Received RAM Ratings Services Berhad June 2016     AAA P1 AAA Stable 15 Long term Short term Multi-currency Sukuk Programme Outlook
18. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) DIRECTORS’ REPORT The Directors hereby submit their report and the audited financial statements of HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad (the Bank) and its subsidiaries (the Group) for the financial year ended 31 December 2016. Principal Activities The principal activities of the Group are banking and related financial services, which also include Islamic banking operations. Details of the subsidiaries are as disclosed in Note 14 to the financial statements. There have been no significant changes in these activities during the financial year. Results Profit for the financial year attributable to the owner of the Bank Profit before income tax expense Income tax expense Profit after income tax expense Group Bank RM’000 RM’000 1,323,216 (324,967) 1,221,592 (304,736) 998,249 916,856 Dividends Since the end of the previous financial year, the Bank paid an interim dividend for the financial year ended 2016 of RM0.87 per ordinary share amounting to RM200 million. The dividend was paid on 6 October 2016. The directors now recommend a final dividend of RM0.87 per ordinary share amounting to RM200 million in respect of the current financial year. This dividend will be recognised in the subsequent financial year upon approval by the owner of the Bank. Reserves and Provisions There were no material transfers to or from reserves or provisions during the financial year under review except as disclosed in the financial statements. Other statutory information Before the financial statements of the Group and of the Bank were finalised, the Directors took reasonable steps to ascertain that: i) ii) all known bad debts have been written off and adequate provision made for doubtful debts, and any current assets which were unlikely to be realised in the ordinary course of business have been written down to an amount which they might be expected so to realise. 16
19. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) DIRECTORS’ REPORT (Cont’d) At the date of this report, the Directors are not aware of any circumstances: i) ii) iii) iv) that would render the amount written off for bad debts, or the amount of provision for doubtful debts, in the financial statements of the Group and of the Bank inadequate to any substantial extent, that would render the value attributed to the assets in the financial statements of the Group and of the Bank misleading, or which have arisen which render adherence to the existing methods of valuation of assets or liabilities of the Group and of the Bank misleading or inappropriate, or not otherwise dealt with in this report or the financial statements, that would render any amount stated in the financial statements of the Group and of the Bank misleading. At the date of this report, there does not exist: i) any charge on the assets of the Group or of the Bank that has arisen since the end of the financial year and which secures the liabilities of any other person, or ii) any contingent liability in respect of the Group or of the Bank that has arisen since the end of the financial year other than in the ordinary course of business. No contingent liability or other liability of any Bank in the Group has become enforceable, or is likely to become enforceable within the period of twelve months after the end of the financial year which, in the opinion of the Directors, will or may affect the ability of the Group and of the Bank to meet their obligations as and when they fall due. In the opinion of the Directors, the financial performance of the Group and of the Bank for the financial year ended 31 December 2016 has not been substantially affected by any item, transaction, or event of a material and unusual nature, nor has any such item, transaction or event occurred in the interval between the end of that financial year and the date of this report. Significant and Subsequent Events There were no significant events and events subsequent to the date of the statement of financial position that require disclosure or adjustments to the audited financial statements. 17
20. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) DIRECTORS’ REPORT (Cont’d) 2016 Business Strategy The global economy remained soft in 2016. Issues faced by major regions varied with Europe coping with migration and UK-Brexit related issues, Middle East and North Africa region suffering from geopolitical risks and China facing an economic slowdown. This is heightened by the uncertainty related to potential policy changes, post completion of the US presidential election. Amidst the lackluster backdrop, the Malaysian economy registered a moderate growth of 4.2% in 2016 (2015: 5.0%). Malaysia’s growth was supported by private sector demand, and additional support from net exports. The HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad (the Bank) and its subsidiaries (Group or HSBC Malaysia) continued to demonstrate resilience and maintain a respectable performance in 2016 despite having to operate in an increasingly regulated banking landscape with expectation to always observe the highest global standards in all business transactions and processes. The Group remained strong in both its liquidity and capital position. This financial strength is recognised by external parties including RAM Ratings Services Berhad, which has reaffirmed the Bank and its wholly owned subsidiary, HSBC Amanah Malaysia Berhad’s long term and short term ratings of AAA and P1 ratings respectively, reflecting the Group's robust asset quality and strong financial standing. The Group also continued to maintain its market leadership position in various segments, evident by the numerous awards that the Group won in 2016. On the retail business, Retail Banking and Wealth Management (RBWM) focused on growing emerging affluent population, enhancing wealth management business, acquiring new-to-bank card customers and strengthening the financial crime compliance control. Premier proposition continued to be supported through various customer acquisition campaigns, new offering of wealth products and customer engagement framework, with additional investment spent to support development plan for relationship managers. Amidst increased competition, new cards issued grew year-on-year, driven by targeted acquisition campaigns and nationwide spent campaigns, including new Premier Travel Card. Card balance transfer process has been streamlined to support foreign currency businesses, via newly launched New Worldwide and In-house Transfer program. 2016 was a year where Malaysia experienced capital outflows (similar to other emerging markets) in response to global economic developments including US normalising its interest rate. During the year, especially towards 4Q2016, Ringgit weakened and bond yield increased, resulting in Bank Negara Malaysia introducing new controls on foreign exchange transactions to increase liquidity and depth of the onshore foreign exchange market. Global Banking & Markets (GBM) has worked closely with our corporate customers (both importers and exporters) to manage their exposure accordingly. EvolveFX, a dealing platform for foreign exchange sales and trading, was rolled out for better efficiency in capturing automated forex flows. GBM also took advantage of its debt capital market capabilities to secure key deals, enhance cross border connectivity, capture key growth opportunities in ASEAN and drive Renminbi (RMB) usage among our customers. In addition, HSBC Security Services (HSS) has once again asserted its market leadership position as leading custodian and fund administrator by securing its position as Best Sub-Custodian (9th consecutive year) and No.1 Sub Custodian (8th consecutive year). Commercial Banking (CMB) focused on growing International Subsidiary Banking (ISB) by leveraging on our network and regional connectivity to identify customers whose parent banks with HSBC overseas focusing on Malaysia, China and other key ASEAN Trade Partners. Growth was achieved in the top tier corporate customers segment, consisting of large local conglomerates, inbound ISB and upper business banking clientele. 18
21. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) DIRECTORS’ REPORT (Cont’d) Performance Review 2016 2016 was a challenging year where the management’s focus was on the control agenda. The Group demonstrated its resilience by maintaining a respectable financial performance with a profit before tax of RM1,323 million for the financial year ended 31 December 2016, a decrease of 11% or RM157 million compared to previous year. The lower profit was mainly attributable to lower operating income by RM162 million. Net interest income was lower than previous year by RM59 million as a result of a leaner customer advances portfolio size and intense market competition. The downward revision of overnight policy rate (OPR) in July 2016 from 3.25% to 3.00% also impacted the net interest income. On non-interest income, the Group recorded lower net fee income from credit card and lead arranger related income year-on-year. The net trading income also decreased by 17.7%, mainly arising from revaluation loss on trading books as yield increased due to the weaker MYR against USD, particularly towards the fourth quarter of 2016. The net loan/financing impairment charge for the financial year ended 31 December 2016 was marginally lower than previous year, mainly due to lower allowance made on net collective impairment in tandem with the reduction in customer advances portfolio. The Group continued to place high importance on the need to manage its operating expenses to ensure the resources are invested in a sustainable manner. In 2016, the Group maintained its overall costs base. Savings recorded across personnel expenses, promotion and marketing related expenses as well as establishment related expenses. Investments in compliance related costs increased in 2016, reflecting our commitment to invest in people and systems to detect, deter and protect the Group and the Bank against financial crime. Total balance sheet size at 31 December 2016 stood at RM85.4 billion, RM4.4 billion lower compared against 31 December 2015 (RM89.8 billion). The Group's capital and liquidity ratios continues to remain strong and well above regulatory requirements. 19
22. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) DIRECTORS’ REPORT (Cont’d) Outlook for 2017 Malaysia’s real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) grew by 4.2% in 2016. Domestic demand and foreign direct investment in various infrastructure projects will be the key drivers of growth. Private consumption should moderate in 2017 after the implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in April 2015. The still low unemployment rate at a circa of 3.5% will support household spending. Malaysia’s oil sector and economy is expected to be boosted by the recent agreed Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) output cuts which would stabilise the demand-supply of the oil market. However, the country will remain vulnerable to external development such as slowdown in China, which is Malaysia’s largest trading partner. Inflation rate is projected to rise moderately in 2017 to 2.3%. To ensure healthy business activities, Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) had on 13 July 2016, taken the pre-emptive step to reduce the OPR from 3.25% to 3.00%. This was kept unchanged during the January 2017 monetary policy meeting. Supported by strong capital buffers, the financial institutions will have the capacity to shoulder any adverse market development. Ringgit continues to be driven by shifts in investor sentiments and the rebalancing activity of portfolio investors. Foreign exchange volatility will continue to be a major issue for emerging markets given the change in USD interest rate cycle, concern over further slowdown in China and uncertainties in the outlook for commodities market. The offshore value of Ringgit dropped to its lowest level in over a decade during November 2016, following Donald Trump’s victory in the US presidential elections. BNM implemented new controls for foreign exchange transactions in December 2016 to promote onshore foreign exchange for Ringgit by offshore investors. In the bond market, there was lower trading as investors traded cautiously amidst continued uncertainties over the timing of US interest rate normalisation, resulting in lower liquidity ratios across all bond segments. As foreign holdings of bonds remain high, trading activities are expected to continue in 2017 with domestic bond yields staying attractive after recent spike in yields. Overall, while domestic conditions remain resilient, uncertainties in the external environment may pose downside risks to Malaysia’s growth prospects. External events will continue to weigh heavily on investor sentiments and volatility in the domestic financial markets. These include increased uncertainty over policy adjustments and growth in the major economies, volatile commodity prices and uncertainties over the timing and developments in the United Kingdom (UK) post the European Union (EU) referendum. Domestic financial stability is nonetheless expected to be maintained. As for the banking sector, challenges facing the industry include moderate loans growth, competition for deposits, weak capital market activities, potential rising credit costs, escalation of costs of doing business and compliance costs. Margin compression will continue given heightened competition within the banking industry. Despite the challenges above, the increasing commitment towards the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) amongst its members may fuel greater intra-ASEAN trade and investments flows. Usage of RMB for trade settlement may see a wider acceptance by both Malaysia and China corporates. Foreign direct investment from China is expected to increase in 2017 which may cushion the negative impact of lower international trade volume on the Malaysia economy. Inbound China investments are predominantly in infrastructure projects which lead to foreign exchange business opportunities. Hence, the Group and the Bank will continue to capitalise on infrastructure related opportunities, especially arising from Belt and Road Initiative where the focus is to capture opportunities along the entire supply chain as Chinese investment into Malaysia infrastructure is expected to be a key driver of growth. For 2017, the Group focus will be on expanding customers base and loan growth opportunities to increase market share. There are also opportunities for RBWM wealth management from diversification of client portfolio and rollovers of maturing structured investments in 2017. 20
23. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) DIRECTORS’ REPORT (Cont’d) Outlook for 2017 (Cont’d) Corporate social responsibility is also a key focus area which the Group continues to put high emphasis on. During the year, the Group continued to invest in the long term future of the community in which we operate by focusing on education, environmental and community development initiatives because we believe they provide the fundamental building blocks to driving economic development, helping to create thriving communities. The Group endeavours to continue to contribute towards changing people’s lives and the environment they live in for the better, and encourages active participation from our colleagues in all corporate sustainability initiatives. Being sustainable means building our business for the long term by living up to these responsibilities, and bringing us to HSBC’s vision in becoming the world’s leading international bank. 21
24. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) DIRECTORS’ REPORT (Cont’d) Awards won during the financial year HSBC Bank Malaysia 1. No.1 Sub Custodian – Global Investor ISF 2016 Sub-Custody Survey (8th consecutive year) 2. Best Sub-Custodian – The Asset Triple A: Asset Servicing Awards 2016 (9th consecutive year) 3. Best Fund Administrator – Retail Funds (Malaysia) - The Asset Triple A Asset Servicing Awards 2016 4. Best Foreign Bank in Malaysia – FinanceAsia Platinum Awards 5. Best Foreign Bank in Malaysia – FinanceAsia Country Awards for Achievement 2016 (6th consecutive year) 6. Best Consumer Digital Bank in Malaysia – Global Finance 2016 7. Best Local Currency Cash Management Bank – Asiamoney Cash Management Poll 2016 8. Best Bond House (Global) – The Asset Triple A Country Awards 2016 9. Best Bank Capital Bond – Maybank’s US$500m Basel III compliant Tier 2 bonds, HSBC acted as Joint bookrunners & lead managers, The Asset Triple A Country Awards 2016 10. Best Country Deal (Malaysia) – Maybank’s US$500m Basel III compliant bond, HSBC acted as Joint book runners, Finance Asia Achievement awards 2016 11. Best Recruitment Evaluation Technique (Gold), Human Resources, Asia Recruitment Awards 2016 12. Best Employee Referral Programme (Gold), Human Resources, Asia Recruitment Awards 2016 13. Best Recruitment Innovation (Silver), Human Resources, Asia Recruitment Awards 2016 14. Best In-House Recruitment Team (Bronze), Human Resources, Asia Recruitment Awards 2016 15. Project Finance Deal of the Year/Best power deal, Malaysia - Jimah East Power 8.98 billion ringgit project financing, The Asset Triple A Asia Infrastructure Awards 2016 16. Best Oil and Gas Deal, Malaysia - Petronas USD5 billion trust certificates and global medium-term notes, The Asset Triple A Asia Infrastructure Awards 2016 22
25. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) DIRECTORS’ REPORT (Cont’d) Awards won during the financial year (Cont’d) HSBC Amanah Malaysia 1. Best Local Currency Sukuk - Cagamas 500 million ringgit Murabahah Sukuk, HSBC acted as one of the Shariah advisers, The Asset Triple A Islamic Finance Awards 2016 2. Best Project Finance Deal - Jimah East Power 8.98 billion ringgit Murabahah Sukuk, HSBC acted as one of the Joint Lead Arranger, Shariah adviser and Joint Bookrunner and Lead Manager, The Asset Triple A Islamic Finance Awards 2016 3. Best Loan Syndication - SapuraKencana TMC US$2.1 billion equivalent syndicated Murabahah term financing facility, HSBC has acted as one of the mandated Lead Arrangers, The Asset Triple A Islamic Finance Awards 2016 4. Best Sovereign Sukuk - Government of Malaysia US$1.5 billion 10-year and 30-year Wakalah and Murabahah Sukuk, HSBC acted as one of the Joint Bookrunners and Joint Shariah advisers, The Asset Triple A Islamic Finance Awards 2016 5. Best Sukuk - Government of Malaysia US$1.5 billion 10-year and 30-year Wakalah and Murabahah Sukuk, HSBC acted as one of the Joint Bookrunners and Joint Shariah advisers, The Asset Triple A Islamic Finance Awards 2016 6. Best Quasi-Sovereign Sukuk - Petronas - US$1.25 billion Wakalah Sukuk, HSBC acted as one of the passive Joint Bookrunners, The Asset Triple A Islamic Finance Awards 2016 7. Best Deal - China, Country Garden Real Estate 115 million ringgit Sukuk, HSBC acted as one of the Joint Lead Managers, The Asset Triple A Islamic Finance Awards 2016 8. Best Deal - Malaysia, Government of Malaysia US$1.5 billion 10-year and 30-year Wakalah and Murabahah Sukuk, HSBC acted as one of the Joint Bookrunners and Joint Shariah advisers, The Asset Triple A Islamic Finance Awards 2016 9. Innovation in Islamic Finance - Government of Malaysia US$1.5 billion 10-year and 30-year Wakalah and Murabahah Sukuk, HSBC acted as one of the Joint Bookrunners and Joint Shariah advisers, Euromoney Awards for Innovation in Islamic Finance 2016 10. Best Foreign Currency Bond Deal of the Year 2016 in Southeast Asia – TNB Global Ventures Capital’s US$750 million Sukuk Wakalah, HSBC acted as Joint Lead Managers and Joint Bookrunners, 10th Alpha Southeast Asia Deal & Solution Awards 2016 11. Best Sovereign Bond Deal of the Year 2016 in Southeast Asia – Republic of Malaysia’s US$1.5 billion Global Islamic Sukuk, HSBC acted as Joint Lead Managers and Joint Bookrunners, 10 th Alpha Southeast Asia Deal & Solution Awards 2016 23
26. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) DIRECTORS’ REPORT (Cont’d) Directors and their Interests in Shares The names of the Directors of the Bank in office since the date of the last report and at the date of this report are: • • • • • • Peter Wong Tung Shun Mukhtar Malik Hussain Lee Choo Hock Tan Kar Leng @ Chen Kar Leng Tan Sri Dato’ Tan Boon Seng @ Krishnan Choo Yoo Kwan @ Choo Yee Kwan In accordance with Article 78 of the Articles of Association, all Directors shall retire from the Board at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting and, being eligible, offer themselves for re-election. The interests and deemed interests in the shares and options over shares of the Bank and of its related corporations (other than wholly-owned subsidiaries) of those who were Directors at financial year end (including the interests of the spouses or children of the Directors who themselves are not Directors of the Bank) as recorded in the Register of Directors’ Shareholdings are as follows: Number of Shares Balance at 1.1.2016 Bought Sold Balance at 31.12.2016 634,736 90,287 (185,034) (69,090) 2,006,324 1,240,576 Shares vested during the year Shares held at 31.12.2016 (276,801) (99,736) 1,315,716 398,537 HSBC Holdings plc Ordinary shares of USD0.50 Peter Wong Tung Shun [1] Mukhtar Malik Hussain 1,556,622 1,219,379 Number of Shares Shares Shares issued held at during the 1.1.2016 year [2] HSBC Holdings plc HSBC Share Plan Peter Wong Tung Shun Mukhtar Malik Hussain [1] [2] 1,222,917 341,647 369,600 156,626 Including the interest of spouse, UBS AG (as a chargor) and HSBC Nominees (Hong Kong) Limited Includes scrip dividends None of the other Directors holding office at 31 December 2016 had any interest in the ordinary shares and options over shares of the Bank and of its related corporations during the financial year. 24
27. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) DIRECTORS’ REPORT (Cont’d) Directors’ Benefits Since the end of the previous financial year, no Director of the Bank has received nor become entitled to receive any benefit (other than a benefit included in the aggregate amount of emoluments received or due and receivable by Directors as shown in the financial statements or the fixed salary of a full-time employee of the Bank or of related corporations) by reason of a contract made by the Bank or a related corporation with the Director or with a firm of which the Director is a member, or with a company in which the Director has a substantial financial interest. There were no arrangements to which the Bank is a party during and at the end of the financial year which had the objective of enabling the Directors to acquire benefits by means of the acquisition of shares in, or debentures of, the Bank or any other body corporate, except for: (i) Directors who were granted the option to subscribe for shares in the ultimate holding company, HSBC Holdings plc, under Executive/Savings-Related Share Option Schemes at prices and terms as determined by the schemes, and (ii) Directors who were conditionally awarded shares of the ultimate holding company, HSBC Holdings plc, under its Restricted Share Plan/HSBC Share Plan. Ultimate Holding Company The Directors regard The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited, a company incorporated in Hong Kong and HSBC Holdings plc, a company incorporated in England, as the immediate and ultimate holding companies of the Bank respectively. Auditors The financial statements for the financial year ended 31 December 2016 have been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC). A resolution to re-appoint PwC as auditor of the Group and the Bank will be proposed at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting. Signed on behalf of the Board of Directors in accordance with a resolution of the Directors: …………………….……………….…..…. MUKHTAR MALIK HUSSAIN Director Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 13 February 2017 25
28. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) DIRECTORS’ STATEMENT In the opinion of the Directors: I, Mukhtar Malik Hussain a director of HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad, do hereby state on behalf of the Directors that, in our opinion, the financial statements set out on pages 32 to 154 are drawn up in accordance with Malaysian Financial Reporting Standards, International Financial Reporting Standards and the requirements of the Companies Act, 1965 in Malaysia so as to give a true and fair view of the financial position of the Group and of the Bank as at 31 December 2016 and of their financial performance and cash flows of the Group and of the Bank for the financial year then ended. Signed at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia this 13 February 2017. Signed on behalf of the Board of Directors in accordance with a resolution of the Directors: ………….………………………………… MUKHTAR MALIK HUSSAIN Director 26
29. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) STATUTORY DECLARATION I, Saw Say Pin, being the officer primarily responsible for the financial management of HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad, do solemnly and sincerely declare that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, the financial statements set out on pages 32 to 154 are correct, and I make this solemn declaration conscientiously believing the same to be true, and by virtue of the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1960. Subscribed and solemnly declared by the above named. in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on 13 February 2017. .................................................................... SAW SAY PIN BEFORE ME: ……………………………………………. Signature of Commissioner for Oaths 27
30. INDEPENDENT AUDITORS ’ REPORT TO THE MEMBER OF HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Incorporated in Malaysia) (Company No. 127776-V) REPORT ON THE AUDIT OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Our opinion In our opinion, the financial statements of HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad (“the Bank”) and its subsidiaries (“the Group”) give a true and fair view of the financial position of the Group and of the Bank as at 31 December 2016, and of their financial performance and their cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with Malaysian Financial Reporting Standards, International Financial Reporting Standards and the requirements of the Companies Act, 1965 in Malaysia. What we have audited We have audited the financial statements of the Group and of the Bank, which comprise the statements of financial position as at 31 December 2016 of the Group and of the Bank, the statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, statements of changes in equity and statements of cash flows of the Group and of the Bank for the year then ended, and notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies, as set out on pages 32 to 154. Basis for opinion We conducted our audit in accordance with approved standards on auditing in Malaysia and International Standards on Auditing. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the “Auditors’ responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements” section of our report. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. Independence and other ethical responsibilities We are independent of the Group and of the Bank in accordance with the By-Laws (on Professional Ethics, Conduct and Practice) of the Malaysian Institute of Accountants (“By-Laws”) and the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants’ Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (“IESBA Code”), and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with the By-Laws and the IESBA Code. 28
31. INDEPENDENT AUDITORS ’ REPORT TO THE MEMBER OF HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (CONTINUED) (Incorporated in Malaysia) (Company No. 127776-V) REPORT ON THE AUDIT OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) Information other than the financial statements and auditors’ report thereon The directors of the Bank are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the list of Board of Directors, Corporate Governance Disclosures, Internal Control Framework, Rating by External Rating Agencies and Directors’ Report, but does not include the financial statements of the Group and of the Bank and our auditors’ report thereon. Our opinion on the financial statements of the Group and of the Bank does not cover the other information and we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. In connection with our audit of the financial statements of the Group and of the Bank, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements of the Group and of the Bank or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. Responsibilities of the directors for the financial statements The directors of the Bank are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements of the Group and of the Bank that give a true and fair view in accordance with Malaysian Financial Reporting Standards, International Financial Reporting Standards and the requirements of the Companies Act, 1965 in Malaysia. The directors are also responsible for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements of the Group and of the Bank that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. In preparing the financial statements of the Group and of the Bank, the directors are responsible for assessing the Group’s and the Bank’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the Group or the Bank or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 29
32. INDEPENDENT AUDITORS ’ REPORT TO THE MEMBER OF HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (CONTINUED) (Incorporated in Malaysia) (Company No. 127776-V) REPORT ON THE AUDIT OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) Auditors’ responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements of the Group and of the Bank as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditors’ report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with approved standards on auditing in Malaysia and International Standards on Auditing will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. As part of an audit in accordance with approved standards on auditing in Malaysia and International Standards on Auditing, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional scepticism throughout the audit. We also: (a) Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements of the Group and of the Bank, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control. (b) Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Group’s and Bank’s internal control. (c) Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by the directors. (d) Conclude on the appropriateness of the directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Group’s or Bank’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditors’ report to the related disclosures in the financial statements of the Group and of the Bank or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditors’ report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Group or Bank to cease to continue as a going concern. (e) Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements of the Group and of the Bank, including the disclosures, and whether the financial statements of the Group and of the Bank represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation. 30
33. INDEPENDENT AUDITORS ’ REPORT TO THE MEMBER OF HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (CONTINUED) (Incorporated in Malaysia) (Company No. 127776-V) REPORT ON THE AUDIT OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED) Auditors’ responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements (continued) (f) Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business activities within the Group to express an opinion on the financial statements of the Group. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion. We communicate with the directors regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit. REPORT ON OTHER LEGAL AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS In accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act, 1965 in Malaysia, we also report the following: (a) In our opinion, the accounting and other records and the registers required by the Act to be kept by the Bank and its subsidiaries have been properly kept in accordance with the provisions of the Act. (b) We are satisfied that the financial statements of the subsidiaries that have been consolidated with the Bank’s financial statements are in form and content appropriate and proper for the purposes of the preparation of the financial statements of the Group and we have received satisfactory information and explanations required by us for those purposes. (c) Our auditor’ reports on the financial statements of the subsidiaries did not contain any qualification or any adverse comment made under Section 174(3) of the Act. OTHER MATTERS This report is made solely to the members of the Bank, as a body, in accordance with Section 174 of the Companies Act, 1965 in Malaysia and for no other purpose. We do not assume responsibility to any other person for the content of this report. PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS (No. AF: 1146) Chartered Accountants SOO HOO KHOON YEAN 2682/10/17(J) Chartered Accountant Kuala Lumpur 13 February 2017 31
34. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION AT 31 DECEMBER 2016 Note Assets Cash and short-term funds Securities purchased under resale agreements Deposits and placements with banks and other financial institutions Financial assets held-for-trading Financial investments available-for-sale Loans, advances and financing Derivative financial assets Other assets Statutory deposits with Bank Negara Malaysia Investments in subsidiary companies Property and equipment Intangible assets Tax recoverable Deferred tax assets 16,804,114 6,162,230 18,251,909 6,553,754 14,999,888 6,162,230 14,318,083 6,553,754 7 8 9 10 39 12 13 14 16 17 1,861,400 2,266,452 6,558,044 46,894,834 2,988,954 261,639 1,118,360 364,324 58,731 57,235 28,258 1,497,358 7,013,509 51,222,193 3,317,190 280,200 1,174,110 341,386 64,702 26,012 85,001 3,875,486 2,265,964 5,189,470 35,151,571 3,089,446 267,107 792,898 660,021 357,087 58,731 46,950 17,863 2,635,204 1,486,866 5,312,266 39,253,976 3,488,229 258,731 844,448 660,021 331,098 64,702 20,850 79,453 85,424,575 89,827,324 72,934,712 75,307,681 19 60,837,098 63,420,810 52,110,576 54,034,687 20 6,571,193 326,305 3,127,028 2,428,762 1,756,001 1,648,824 7,962,366 337,218 3,433,760 3,401,386 52,100 1,749,823 1,621,340 6,542,777 302,673 3,132,513 1,329,136 1,648,824 6,635,605 322,314 3,438,867 2,146,153 52,100 1,621,340 76,695,211 81,978,803 65,066,499 68,251,066 114,500 8,614,864 114,500 7,734,021 114,500 7,753,713 114,500 6,942,115 8,729,364 7,848,521 7,868,213 7,056,615 85,424,575 89,827,324 72,934,712 75,307,681 173,191,009 167,309,408 166,087,429 164,768,749 18 39 21 22 23 Total liabilities Equity Share capital Reserves 24 25 Total equity attributable to owner of the Bank Total liabilities and equity Commitments and Contingencies Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 6 Total assets Liabilities Deposits from customers Deposits and placements from banks and other financial institutions Bills and acceptances payable Derivative financial liabilities Other liabilities Provision for taxation Multi-Currency Sukuk Programme Subordinated liabilities Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 38 The accompanying notes form an integral part of the financial statements. 32
35. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) STATEMENTS OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016 Note Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Interest income Interest expense 26 26 2,316,096 (860,168) 2,501,491 (987,008) 2,389,638 (860,168) 2,569,985 (987,008) Net interest income 26 1,455,928 1,514,483 1,529,470 1,582,977 Fee and commission income Fee and commission expense 27 27 456,799 (78,967) 486,177 (77,221) 456,829 (78,967) 486,207 (77,222) Net fee and commission income 27 377,832 408,956 377,862 408,985 Net trading income Income from Islamic banking operations Other operating income 28 29 30 506,262 592,122 51,957 615,017 545,533 61,983 555,987 180,332 629,203 185,250 2,984,101 3,145,972 2,643,651 2,806,415 Operating income before impairment losses Loans/financing impairment charges and other credit risk provisions 31 (168,504) Net operating income Other operating expenses 32 Profit before tax Tax expense 33 (31,639) (87,248) 2,815,597 2,976,237 2,612,012 2,719,167 (1,492,381) (1,495,784) (1,390,420) (1,391,875) 1,323,216 1,480,453 1,221,592 1,327,292 (324,967) Profit for the financial year (169,735) 998,249 (376,938) 1,103,515 (304,736) (345,839) 916,856 981,453 Other comprehensive income/(expense) Items that will subsequently be reclassified to profit or loss when specific conditions are met Revaluation reserve: Surplus on revaluation properties Deferred tax adjustment on revaluation reserve Available-for-sale reserve: Change in fair value Amount transferred to profit or loss Income tax effect 35,006 (3,657) 12,789 (1,458) 35,006 (3,657) 12,789 (1,458) 124,791 (42,438) (19,765) 72,115 (33,242) (9,329) 133,059 (35,584) (23,394) 56,839 (33,010) (5,719) 93,937 40,875 105,430 29,441 Total comprehensive income for the financial year 1,092,186 1,144,390 1,022,286 1,010,894 Profit attributable to the owner of the Bank Total comprehensive income attributable to the owner of the Bank 998,249 1,092,186 1,103,515 1,144,390 916,856 1,022,286 981,453 1,010,894 Basic earnings per RM0.50 ordinary share 435.9 sen 481.9 sen 400.4 sen 428.6 sen Other comprehensive income for the financial year, net of income tax 34 The accompanying notes form an integral part of the financial statements. 33
36. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016 Group (RM'000) 2016 Balance at 1 January Total comprehensive income for the financial year Profit for the financial year Share capital Share premium Statutory reserve Revaluation reserve Capital redemption reserve 114,500 741,375 164,500 186,962 190,000 18,569 95,953 284,000 6,052,662 7,848,521 - - - - - - - - 998,249 998,249 - - - (2,082) 35,006 (3,657) - - - - 2,082 - 35,006 (3,657) - - - 29,267 29,267 - - - 2,082 1,000,331 94,841 (32,253) 93,937 1,092,186 - - - - - - 114,500 741,375 164,500 216,229 190,000 81,157 Other comprehensive income, net of income tax Revaluation reserve: Transfer to retained profit upon realisation of depreciation Surplus on revaluation of properties Deferred tax adjustment on revaluation reserve Available-for-sale reserve: Net change in fair value Net amount transferred to profit or loss Total other comprehensive income Total comprehensive income for the financial year Transactions with the owner, recorded directly in equity Share based payment transactions Dividends paid to owner - 2016 interim Balance at 31 December [1] Availablefor-sale reserve Capital contribution reserve Regulatory reserve [1] Retained profit Total equity 94,841 (32,253) 62,588 62,588 (12,112) 83,841 284,000 769 (200,000) 6,853,762 The Group and the Bank maintain a regulatory reserve to meet local regulatory requirements; the effect of this requirement is to restrict the amount of reserves that can be distributed to shareholders. The accompanying notes form an integral part of the financial statements. 34 (11,343) (200,000) 8,729,364
37. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016 (Cont'd) Group (RM'000) Share capital Share premium Statutory reserve Revaluation reserve Capital redemption reserve 114,500 741,375 164,500 177,624 190,000 - - - - - - - - 1,103,515 - - - (1,993) 12,789 (1,458) - - - - 1,993 - 12,789 (1,458) - - - 9,338 9,338 - - - 1,993 1,105,508 54,808 (25,264) 40,875 1,144,390 Transfer relating to regulatory reserves - - - - - - - 104,000 (104,000) Transactions with the owner, recorded directly in equity Share based payment transactions Dividends paid to owner - 2014 final - - - - - - - (1,119) (300,000) 114,500 741,375 164,500 186,962 190,000 18,569 2015 Balance at 1 January Total comprehensive income for the financial year Profit for the financial year Other comprehensive income, net of income tax Revaluation reserve: Transfer to retained profit upon realisation of depreciation Surplus on revaluation of properties Deferred tax adjustment on revaluation reserve Available-for-sale reserve: Net change in fair value Net amount transferred to profit or loss on disposal Total other comprehensive income Total comprehensive income for the financial year Balance at 31 December [1] Availablefor-sale reserve Capital contribution reserve Regulatory reserve [1] Retained profit Total equity (10,975) 97,757 180,000 5,352,273 7,007,054 1,103,515 54,808 (25,264) 29,544 29,544 (1,804) 95,953 284,000 6,052,662 The Group and the Bank maintain a regulatory reserve to meet local regulatory requirements; the effect of this requirement is to restrict the amount of reserves that can be distributed to shareholders. The accompanying notes form an integral part of the financial statements. 35 - (2,923) (300,000) 7,848,521
38. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016 (Cont'd) Bank (RM'000) 2016 Balance at 1 January Total comprehensive income for the financial year Profit for the financial year [1] Capital contribution reserve Regulatory reserve [1] Retained profit Total equity 190,000 13,623 94,895 250,000 5,350,760 7,056,615 - - - - 916,856 916,856 (2,082) 35,006 (3,657) - - - - 2,082 - 35,006 (3,657) - 29,267 29,267 - - - 2,082 918,938 101,125 (27,044) 105,430 1,022,286 - - - - - - 769 (200,000) (10,688) (200,000) 741,375 114,500 216,229 190,000 87,704 Share premium Statutory reserve 114,500 741,375 114,500 186,962 - - - - - - - - - 114,500 Transactions with the owner, recorded directly in equity Share based payment transactions Dividends paid to owner - 2016 interim Distributable Availablefor-sale reserve Share capital Other comprehensive income, net of income tax Revaluation reserve: Transfer to retained profit upon realisation of depreciation Surplus on revaluation of properties Deferred tax adjustment on revaluation reserve Available-for-sale reserve: Net change in fair value Net amount transferred to profit or loss Total other comprehensive income Total comprehensive income for the financial year Balance at 31 December Non-distributable Capital Revaluation redemption reserve reserve 101,125 (27,044) 74,081 74,081 (11,457) 83,438 250,000 6,070,467 The Group and the Bank maintain a regulatory reserve to meet local regulatory requirements; the effect of this requirement is to restrict the amount of reserves that can be distributed to shareholders. The accompanying notes form an integral part of the financial statements. 36 7,868,213
39. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016 (Cont'd) Bank (RM'000) Share Share Statutory Non-distributable Capital Revaluation redemption Distributable Availablefor-sale Capital contribution Regulatory reserve Retained Total [1] profit equity capital premium reserve reserve reserve reserve reserve 114,500 741,375 114,500 177,624 190,000 (4,487) 96,383 167,000 4,751,450 6,348,345 - - - - - - - - 981,453 981,453 - - - (1,993) 12,789 (1,458) - - - - 1,993 - 12,789 (1,458) - - - 9,338 9,338 - - - 1,993 983,446 43,198 (25,088) 29,441 1,010,894 Transfer relating to regulatory reserves - - - - - - - 83,000 (83,000) Transactions with the owner, recorded directly in equity Share based payment transactions Dividends paid to owner - 2014 final - - - - - - - (1,136) (300,000) 114,500 741,375 114,500 186,962 190,000 13,623 2015 Balance at 1 January Total comprehensive income for the financial year Profit for the financial year Other comprehensive income, net of income tax Revaluation reserve: Transfer to retained profit upon realisation of depreciation Surplus on revaluation of properties Deferred tax adjustment on revaluation reserve Available-for-sale reserve: Net change in fair value Net amount transferred to profit or loss on disposal Total other comprehensive income Total comprehensive income for the financial year Balance at 31 December [1] 43,198 (25,088) 18,110 18,110 (1,488) 94,895 250,000 5,350,760 The Group and the Bank maintain a regulatory reserve to meet local regulatory requirements; the effect of this requirement is to restrict the amount of reserves that can be distributed to shareholders. The accompanying notes form an integral part of the financial statements. 37 - (2,624) (300,000) 7,056,615
40. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016 Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Cash Flows from Operating Activities Profit before income tax expense Adjustments for : Property and equipment written off Intangible assets written off Depreciation of property and equipment Amortisation of intangible assets Net gains on disposal of property and equipment Net upwards revaluation on property Unrealised losses/(gains) on financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss Share-based payment transactions Dividend income Unrealised losses/(gains) on revaluation of financial assets held-for-trading Unrealised losses on revaluation of subordinated liabilities Unrealised losses on revaluation of derivatives Unrealised losses/(gains) from dealing in foreign currency Allowance for impairment losses on loans and financing Operating profit before changes in operating assets and liabilities 1,323,216 1,480,453 5 1,569 27,034 22,703 (84) (73) 6,178 9,885 (1,450) 24,720 27,484 9,830 120,805 261,299 1,833,121 31 3,087 33,626 26,517 (78) (22) (2,031) (17,157) (1,450) (18,523) 95,659 4,153 (163,357) 272,115 1,713,023 (Increase)/Decrease in operating assets Securities purchased under resale agreements Deposits and placements with banks and other financial institutions Financial assets held-for-trading Loans, advances and financing Derivative financial assets Other assets Statutory deposits with Bank Negara Malaysia 391,524 (1,861,400) (793,814) 4,066,060 197,601 (14,478) 55,750 (4,288,147) 2,936,713 1,468,247 (6,060,746) (1,358,285) 286,889 304,950 Increase/(Decrease) in operating liabilities Deposits from customers Deposits and placements from banks and other financial institutions Bills and acceptances payable Derivative financial liabilities Other liabilities Net cash used in operating activities Income tax paid Net cash used in operating activities (2,583,712) (1,391,173) (10,913) (306,732) (862,481) (1,280,647) (375,055) (1,655,702) 2,112,577 (316,593) (89,128) 1,827,385 1,434,229 (28,886) (330,275) (359,161) (7,123,354) 7,694,210 (15,206) (18,301) 392 1,450 539,191 (21,621,047) 31,845,846 (10,774) (32,703) 122 1,450 10,182,894 Cash Flows from Investing Activities Purchase of financial investment available for sale Proceeds from disposal/redemption of financial investment available-for-sale Purchase of property and equipment Purchase of intangible assets Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment Dividends received Net cash generated from investing activities The accompanying notes form an integral part of the financial statements. 38
41. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016 (Cont'd) Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Cash Flows from Financing Activities Proceeds from subordinated liabilities Interest paid on subordinated liabilities Proceeds from Multi-Currency Sukuk Programme Profits paid on Multi-Currency Sukuk Programme Dividends paid Net cash (used in)/generated from financing activities (61,906) (69,378) (200,000) (331,284) 250,299 (56,357) 750,000 (54,823) (300,000) 589,119 Net (decrease)/increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and Cash Equivalents at beginning of the financial year Cash and Cash Equivalents at end of the financial year (1,447,795) 18,251,909 16,804,114 10,412,852 7,839,057 18,251,909 Analysis of Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and short-term funds 16,804,114 18,251,909 16,804,114 (1,079,045) 15,725,069 18,251,909 (1,706,436) 16,545,473 Cash and cash equivalents comprise the following: Cash and short-term funds Adjustment for cash collateral Cash and cash equivalents 6 The accompanying notes form an integral part of the financial statements. 39
42. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016 (Cont'd) Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Cash Flows from Operating Activities Profit before income tax expense Adjustments for : Property and equipment written off Intangible assets written off Depreciation of property and equipment Amortisation of intangible assets Net gains on disposal of property and equipment Net upwards revaluation on property Share-based payment transactions Dividend income Unrealised losses/(gains) on revaluation of financial assets held-for-trading Unrealised losses on revaluation of subordinated liabilities Unrealised losses on revaluation of derivatives Unrealised losses/(gains) from dealing in foreign currency Allowance for impairment losses on loans and financing Operating profit before changes in operating assets and liabilities 1,221,592 1,327,292 5 1,569 22,005 22,703 (84) (73) 10,474 (1,450) 24,720 27,484 16,802 67,407 92,569 1,505,723 31 3,087 26,520 26,515 (78) (22) 16,792 (1,450) (18,523) 95,659 12,416 (199,072) 157,399 1,446,566 Decrease/(Increase) in operating assets Securities purchased under resale agreements Deposits and placements with banks and other financial institutions Financial assets held-for-trading Loans, advances and financing Derivative financial assets Other assets Statutory deposits with Bank Negara Malaysia 391,524 (1,240,282) (803,818) 4,009,836 314,574 (35,026) 51,550 (4,288,147) 2,145,418 1,458,684 (4,658,351) (1,470,170) 231,027 155,550 Increase/(Decrease) in operating liabilities Deposits from customers Deposits and placements from banks and other financial institutions Bills and acceptances payable Derivative financial liabilities Other liabilities Net cash generated from/(used in) operating activities Income tax paid Net cash generated from/(used in) operating activities (1,924,111) (92,828) (19,641) (306,354) (776,273) 1,074,874 (348,396) 726,478 3,702,614 (1,623,711) (78,323) 1,804,565 108,726 (1,065,552) (301,473) (1,367,025) (6,471,859) 6,718,779 (13,228) (18,301) 392 1,450 217,233 (20,032,760) 27,786,691 (9,550) (32,703) 78 1,450 7,713,206 Cash Flows from Investing Activities Purchase of financial investment available-for-sale Proceeds from disposal/redemption of financial investment available-for-sale Purchase of property and equipment Purchase of intangible assets Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment Dividend received Net cash generated from investing activities The accompanying notes form an integral part of the financial statements. 40
43. HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2016 (Cont'd) Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Cash Flows from Financing Activities Proceeds from subordinated liabilities Interest paid on subordinated liabilities Dividends paid Net cash used in financing activities (61,906) (200,000) (261,906) 250,299 (56,357) (300,000) (106,058) Net increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and Cash Equivalents at beginning of the financial year Cash and Cash Equivalents at end of the financial year 681,805 14,318,083 14,999,888 6,240,123 8,077,960 14,318,083 Analysis of Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and short-term funds 14,999,888 14,318,083 14,999,888 (1,429,045) 13,570,843 14,318,083 (1,706,436) 12,611,647 Cash and cash equivalents comprise the following: Cash and short-term funds Adjustment for cash collateral Cash and cash Equivalents 6 The accompanying notes form an integral part of the financial statements. 41
44. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V HSBC BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD (Company No. 127776-V) (Incorporated in Malaysia) NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1 General Information HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad is principally engaged in the provision of banking and other related financial services. The subsidiaries of the Bank are principally engaged in the businesses of Islamic Banking and nominee services. Islamic Banking operations refer generally to the acceptance of deposits and granting of financing under the principles of Shariah. There were no significant changes in these activities during the financial year. The Bank is a public limited liability company, incorporated and domiciled in Malaysia. The registered office of the Bank is located at 2, Leboh Ampang, 50100 Kuala Lumpur. The immediate parent bank and the ultimate holding company during the financial year are The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited (HBAP) and HSBC Holdings plc, respectively. The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 13 February 2017. 2 Basis of Preparation (a) Statement of compliance The financial statements of the Group and the Bank have been prepared in accordance with the Malaysian Financial Reporting Standards (MFRS), International Financial Reporting Standards and the requirements of the Companies Act, 1965 in Malaysia. The financial statements incorporate those activities relating to Islamic Banking which have been undertaken by the Bank’s Islamic subsidiary. (i) Standards and amendments to published standards that are effective The new accounting standards and amendments to published standards that are effective and applicable to the Group and the Bank for the financial year beginning on 1 January 2016 are as follows: • Amendments to MFRS 127 ʻSeparate Financial Statementsʼ. The amendments introduced equity accounting for separate financial statements. • MFRS 101 ‘Presentation of Financial Statements’ - Disclosure Initiative (Amendments to MFRS 101). The amendments are part of a major initiative to improve disclosure requirements in MFRS financial statements. These amendments include narrow - focus improvements in five areas as follows: - Materiality - Disaggregation and subtotals - Notes structure - Disclosure of accounting policies - Presentation of items in Other Comprehensive Income (OCI) arising from equity accounted investments. • Amendments to MFRS 11 ʻJoint arrangementsʼ. The amendments introduced accounting for acquisition of interest in joint operations. • Amendments to MFRS 10, 12 & 128 ‘Investment entities’. The amendments introduced application of consolidation exception. • Annual improvement to MFRSs 2012 - 2014 Cycle - Amendment to MFRS 5, ʻNon-current assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operationsʼ - Amendment to MFRS 7, ʻFinancial Instruments: Disclosure - Servicing contractsʼ - Amendment to MFRS 7, ʻFinancial Instruments: Disclosure - Applicability of the amendments to MFRS 7 to condensed interim financial statementsʼ - Amendment to MFRS 119, ʻEmployee Benefitsʼ - Amendments to MFRS 134, ʻInterim Financial Reportingʼ 42
45. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 2 Basis of Preparation (Cont’d) (a) Statement of compliance (Cont’d) (i) Standards and amendments to published standards that are effective (Cont’d) The adoption of the new accounting standards, amendments and improvements to published standards did not have a material impact on the financial statements of the Group and the Bank on the current period or any prior period and is not likely to affect the future periods. (ii) Standards, amendments to published standards and interpretations to existing standards have been issued but not yet effective The Group and the Bank will apply these standards, amendments to published standards from: a.  Financial year beginning on/after 1 January 2017: Amendments to MFRS 107 ‘Statement of Cash Flows - Disclosure Initiative’ Disclosure Initiative introduces additional disclosure on changes in liabilities arising from financing activities.  Amendments to MFRS 112 ‘Recognition of Deferred Tax Assets for Unrealised Losess’ Amendments to MFRS 112 clarify the requirements for recognising deferred tax assets on unrealised losses arising from deductible temporary difference on asset carried at fair value. In addition, in evaluating whether an entity will have sufficient taxable profits in future periods against which deductible temporary differences can be utilised, the amendments require an entity to compare the deductible temporary differences with future taxable profits that excludes tax deductions resulting from the reversal of those temporary differences. The amendments shall be applied retrospectively. b. Financial year beginning on/after 1 January 2018:  Amendments to MFRS 140 ‘Classification on ‘Change in Use’ – Assets transferred to, or from, Investment Properties’ clarify that to transfer to, or from investment properties there must be a change in use. A change in use would involve an assessment of whether a property meet, or has ceased to meet, the definition of investment property. The change must be supported by evidence that the change in use has occurred and a change in management’s intention in isolation is not sufficient to support a transfer of property. The amendments also clarify the same principle applies to assets under construction.  IC Interpretation 22 ‘Foreign Currency Transactions and Advance Consideration’ applies when an entity recognises a non-monetary asset or non-monetary liability arising from the payment or receipt of advance consideration. MFRS 121 requires an entity to use the exchange rate at the ‘date of the transaction’ to record foreign currency transactions. IC Interpretation 22 provides guidance how to determine ‘the date of transaction’ when a single payment/receipt is made, as well as for situations where multiple payments/receipts are made. The date of transaction is the date when the payment or receipt of advance consideration gives rise to the non-monetary asset or non-monetary liability when the entity is no longer exposed to foreign exchange risk. If there are multiple payments or receipts in advance, the entity should determine the date of the transaction for each payment or receipt. An entity has the option to apply IC Interpretation 22 retrospectively or prospectively. 43
46. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 2 Basis of Preparation (Cont’d) (a) Statement of compliance (Cont’d) (ii) Standards, amendments to published standards and interpretations to existing standards have been issued but not yet effective (Cont’d) b. Financial year beginning on/after 1 January 2018 (Cont’d):  MFRS 9 ‘Financial Instruments’ will replace MFRS 139 ‘Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement’. MFRS 9 retains but simplifies the mixed measurement model in MFRS 139 and establishes three primary measurement categories for financial assets: amortised cost, fair value through profit or loss and fair value through OCI. The basis of classification depends on the entity's business model and the cash flow characteristics of the financial asset. Investments in equity instruments are always measured at fair value through profit or loss with an irrevocable option at inception to present changes in fair value in OCI (provided the instrument is not held for trading). A debt instrument is measured at amortised cost only if the entity is holding it to collect contractual cash flows and the cash flows represent principal and interest. For liabilities, the standard retains most of the MFRS 139 requirements. These include amortised cost accounting for most financial liabilities, with bifurcation of embedded derivatives. The main change is that, in cases where the fair value option is taken for financial liabilities, the part of a fair value change due to an entity’s own credit risk is recorded in other comprehensive income rather than the profit or loss, unless this creates an accounting mismatch. MFRS 9 introduces an expected credit loss model on impairment for all financial assets that replaces the incurred loss impairment model used in MFRS 139. The expected credit loss model is forward-looking and eliminates the need for a trigger event to have occurred before credit losses are recognised.  MFRS 15 ‘Revenue from contracts with customers’ replaces MFRS 118 ‘Revenue’ and MFRS 111 ‘Construction contracts’ and related interpretations. The core principle in MFRS 15 is that an entity recognises revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to the customer in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Revenue is recognised when a customer obtains control of goods or services, i.e. when the customer has the ability to direct the use of and obtain the benefits from the goods or services. A new five-step process is applied before revenue can be recognised: • • • • • Identify contracts with customers Identify the separate performance obligations Determine the transaction price of the contract; Allocate the transaction price to each of the separate performance obligations; and Recognise the revenue as each performance obligation is satisfied. Key provisions of the new standard are as follows: • • • • • Any bundled goods or services that are distinct must be separately recognised, and any discounts or rebates on the contract price must generally be allocated to the separate elements. If the consideration varies (such as for incentives, rebates, performance fees, royalties, success of an outcome etc.), minimum amounts of revenue must be recognised if they are not at significant risk of reversal. The point at which revenue is able to be recognised may shift: some revenue which is currently recognised at a point in time at the end of a contract may have to be recognised over the contract term and vice versa. There are new specific rules on licenses, warranties, non-refundable upfront fees, and consignment arrangements, to name a few. As with any new standard, there are also increased disclosures. 44
47. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V 2 Basis of Preparation (Cont’d) (a) Statement of compliance (Cont’d) (ii) Standards, amendments to published standards and interpretations to existing standards have been issued but not yet effective (Cont’d) c. Financial year beginning on/after 1 January 2019  MFRS 16 ‘Leases’ MFRS 16 ‘Leases’ supersedes MFRS 117 ‘Leases’ and the related interpretations. Under MFRS 16, a lease is a contract (or part of a contract) that conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. MFRS 16 eliminates the classification of leases by the lessee as either finance leases (on balance sheet) or operating leases (off balance sheet). MFRS 16 requires a lessee to recognise a “right-of-use” of the underlying asset and a lease liability reflecting future lease payments for most leases. The right-of-use asset is depreciated in accordance with the principle in MFRS 116 ‘Property, Plant and Equipment’ and the lease liability is accreted over time with interest expense recognised in the income statement. For lessors, MFRS 16 retains most of the requirements in MFRS 117. Lessors continue to classify all leases as either operating leases or finance leases and account for them differently. The initial application of the above accounting standards, amendments and interpretation are not expected to have any material financial impacts to the current and prior year’s financial statement of the Group and the Bank upon their first adoption, except for MFRS 9. MFRS 9 replaces the guidance in MFRS 139: Financial Instruments, Recognition and Measurement on the classification and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities, and on hedge accounting. The Group is currently assessing the financial impact that may arise from the adoption of MFRS 9. 45
48. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 2 Basis of Preparation (Cont’d) (b) Basis of measurement The financial statements of the Group and the Bank have been prepared under the historical cost convention, except for the following assets and liabilities as disclosed in their respective accounting policy notes:     (c) Trading assets and liabilities Financial investments Property and equipment Derivatives and hedge accounting Functional and presentation currency These financial statements are presented in Ringgit Malaysia (RM), which is the Bank’s functional currency. All financial information presented in RM has been rounded to the nearest thousand, unless otherwise stated. (d) Use of estimates and judgments The results of the Group and the Bank are sensitive to the accounting policies, assumptions and estimates that underlie the preparation of the financial statements. The significant accounting policies are described in Note 3 on the financial statements. The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with MFRSs requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future conditions. The use of available information and the application of judgment are inherent in the formation of estimates; actual results in the future may differ from estimates upon which financial information is prepared. Management believes that the Group and the Bank’s critical accounting policies where judgment is necessarily applied are those which relate to impairment of loans, advances and financing and the valuation of financial instruments (see Note 5). There are no other significant areas of estimation uncertainty and critical judgments in applying accounting policies that have significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements other than those disclosed above. Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected. 46
49. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 3 Significant Accounting Policies The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently to the periods presented in these financial statements and have been applied consistently by the Group and the Bank. (a) Basis of Consolidation The Group financial statements include the financial statements of the Bank and its subsidiaries made up to 31 Dec 2016. (i) Subsidiaries Subsidiaries are entities, including structured entities, controlled by the Group. The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date that control commences until the date the control ceases. The Group controls and consequently consolidates an entity when it is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. Potential voting rights are considered when assessing control only when such rights are substantive. The Group and the Bank also considers it has de facto power over an investee when, despite not having the majority of voting rights, it has the current ability to direct the activities of the investee that significantly affect the investee’s return. Investments in subsidiaries are measured in the Bank’s statement of financial position at cost less any impairment losses, unless the investment is held for sale or distribution. The cost of investments includes transaction cost. (ii) Business combinations Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method from the acquisition date, which is the date on which control is transferred to the Group. For new acquisitions, the Group measures the cost of goodwill at the acquisition date as:  the fair value of the consideration transferred; plus  the recognised amount of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree; plus  if the business combination is achieved in stages, the fair value of the existing equity interest in the acquiree; less  the net recognised amount (generally fair value) of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. When the excess is negative, a bargain purchase gain is recognised immediately in profit or loss. For each business combination, the Group elects whether it measures the non-controlling interests in the acquirer either at fair value or at the proportionate share of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets at the acquisition date. Transaction costs, other than that related to the issuance of debt or equity securities, that the Group incurs in connection with a business combination are expensed as incurred. Any contingent consideration to be transferred by the Group is recognised at fair value at the acquisition date. Subsequent changes to the fair value of the contingent consideration that is deemed to be an asset or liability is recognised in accordance with MFRS 139 in profit or loss. Contingent consideration that is classified as equity is not remeasured, and its subsequent settlement is accounted for within equity. (iii) Acquisitions of non-controlling interests The Group treats all changes in its ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in a loss of control as equity transactions between the Group and its non-controlling interest holders. Any difference between the Group’s share of net assets before and after the change, and any consideration received or paid, is adjusted to or against the Group reserves. 47
50. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 3 Significant Accounting Policies (Cont’d) (a) Basis of Consolidation(Cont’d) (iv) Loss of control Upon the loss of control of a subsidiary, the Group derecognises the assets and liabilities of the former subsidiary, any non-controlling interests and the other components of equity related to the former subsidiary from the consolidated statement of financial position. Any surplus or deficit arising on the loss of control is recognised in profit or loss. If the Group retains any interest in the former subsidiary, then such interest is measured at fair value at the date that the control is lost. Subsequently, it is accounted for as equity accounted investee or as an availablefor-sale financial asset depending on the level of influence retained. (v) Joint arrangements Joint arrangements are arrangements of which the Group has joint control, established by contracts requiring unanimous consent for decision about the activities that significantly affect the arrangement’s returns. The Group adopted MFRS 11, Joint Arrangements. Joint arrangements are classified and accounted for as follows:   A joint arrangement is classified as “joint operation” when the Group or the Bank has the rights to the assets and obligations for the liabilities relating to an arrangement. The Group and the Bank account for each of its share of the assets, liabilities and transactions, including the share of those held or incurred jointly with the other investors, in relation to the joint operation. A joint arrangement is classified as a “joint venture” when the Group has rights only to the net assets of the arrangements. The Group accounts for its interest in the joint venture using the equity method as described in MFRS 128. (vi) Non-controlling interests Non-controlling interests at the end of the reporting period, being the equity in a subsidiary not attributable directly or indirectly to the equity holders of the Bank, are presented in the consolidated statement of financial position and statement of changes in equity within equity, separately from equity attributable to the owners of the Bank. Noncontrolling interests in the results of the Group is presented in the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income as an allocation of the profit or loss and other comprehensive income for the financial year between the non-controlling interests and owners of the Bank. Losses applicable to the non-controlling interests in a subsidiary are allocated to the non-controlling interest even if doing so causes the non-controlling interests to have a deficit balance. (vii) Transactions eliminated on consolidation Intra-group balances and transactions, and any unrealised income and expenses arising from intra-group transactions, are eliminated in preparing the consolidated financial statements. Unrealised gains arising from transactions with equity-accounted joint ventures are eliminated against the investment to the extent of the Group’s interest in the investees. Unrealised losses are eliminated in the same way as unrealised gains, but only to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment. 48
51. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 3 Significant Accounting Policies (Cont’d) (b) Foreign Currencies Transactions in foreign currencies are translated to the functional currency at exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the reporting period are retranslated to the functional currency at the exchange rate at that date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are not retranslated at the end of the reporting date except for those that are measured at fair value are retranslated to the functional currency at the exchange rate at the date that the fair value was determined. Foreign currency differences arising on retranslation are recognised in profit or loss, except for differences arising on the retranslation of available-for-sale equity instruments or a financial instrument designated as a hedge of currency risk, which are recognised in other comprehensive income. (c) Interest income and expense/Islamic financing income and expense Interest income and expense/Islamic financing income and expense for all financial instruments of the Group and the Bank, except those classified as held-for-trading are recognised in “interest income” and “interest expense” and “Income from Islamic Banking Operation” in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income using the effective interest/profit rate method. The effective interest/profit rate method is a way of calculating the amortised cost of a financial asset or a financial liability (or groups of financial assets or financial liabilities) and of allocating the interest income or expense/Islamic financing income or expense over the relevant period. The effective interest/profit rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments or receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument or, where appropriate, a shorter period, to the net carrying amount of the financial asset or liability. When calculating the effective interest/profit rate, the Group and the Bank estimates cash flows considering all contractual terms of the financial instrument but not future credit losses. The calculation of the effective interest/profit rate includes all amounts paid or received by the Group and the Bank that are an integral part of the effective interest/profit rate, including transaction costs and all other premiums or discounts. Interest/profit on impaired financial assets of the Group and the Bank is recognised using the rate of interest/profit used to discount the future cash flows for the purpose of measuring the impairment loss. Financing income and expense from Islamic Banking operations are recognised on an accrual basis in accordance with the principles of Shariah. Interest/Financing income and expense of the Group and the Bank presented in the statement of profit and loss and other comprehensive income include:  interest/profit on financial assets and liabilities measured at amortised costs calculated on an effective interest/profit rate basis;  interest/profit on available-for-sale investment securities calculated on an effective interest/profit rate basis;  the effective portion of fair value changes in qualifying hedging derivatives designated in cash flow hedges of variability in interest/profit cash flows, in the same period that the hedged cash flows affect interest/financing income/expense; and  the effective portion of fair value changes in qualifying hedging derivatives designated in fair value hedges of interest rate risk. 49
52. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 3 Significant Accounting Policies (Cont’d) (d) Fees and commission, net trading income and other operating income Fee income is earned from a diverse range of services the Group and the Bank provide to their customers. Fee income is accounted for as follows:    income earned on the execution of a significant act is recognised as revenue when the act is completed; income earned from the provision of services is recognised as revenue as the services are provided; and income which forms an integral part of the effective interest/profit rate of a financial instrument is recognised as an adjustment to the effective interest/profit rate and recorded in ‘interest/financing income’ Note 3 (c). Other fees and commission expense relate mainly to transaction and service fees, which are expensed as the services are rendered. Dividend income is recognised when the right to receive payment is established. This is the ex-dividend date for listed equity securities, and usually the date when shareholders approve the dividend for unlisted equity securities. Net trading income comprises all gains and losses from changes in the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities held for trading, together with the related interest income and expense. Net income/(expense) from financial instruments designated at fair value includes:  all gains and losses from changes in the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss, including liabilities under investment contracts;  all gains and losses from changes in the fair value of derivatives that are managed in conjunction with financial assets and liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss; and  interest income, interest expense and dividend income in respect of: - financial assets and financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss; and - derivatives managed in conjunction with the above, except for interest arising from debt securities issued by the group and derivatives managed in conjunction with those debt securities, which is recognised in ‘Interest income and expense/Islamic financing income and expense (Note 3(c)). (e) Income tax Income tax comprises current tax and deferred tax. Income tax is recognised in the profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case it is recognised in the same statement in which the related item appears. Current tax is the tax expected to be payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the financial year, calculated using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous financial years. The Group and the Bank provide for potential current tax liabilities that may arise on the basis of the amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities. Current tax assets and liabilities are offset when the Group and the Bank intend to settle on a net basis and the legal right to offset exists. Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the balance sheet and the amounts attributed to such assets and liabilities for tax purposes. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilised. 50
53. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 3 Significant Accounting Policies (Cont’d) (e) Income tax (Cont’d) Deferred tax is calculated using the tax rates expected to apply in the periods in which the assets will be realised or the liabilities settled, based on tax rates and laws enacted, or substantively enacted, by the balance sheet date. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when they arise in the same tax reporting group and relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority, and when the Group and the Bank have a legal right to offset. Deferred tax relating to fair value of available-for-sale investments and cash flow hedging instruments which are charged or credited directly to other comprehensive income, is also charged or credited to other comprehensive income and is subsequently recognised in the profit or loss when the deferred fair value gain or loss is recognised in the profit or loss. (f) Financial instruments (i) Initial recognition and measurement A financial asset or a financial liability is recognised in the statement of financial position when, and only when the Group or the Bank becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. A financial instrument is recognised initially, at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial instrument not at fair value through profit or loss, transactions costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of the financial instrument. An embedded derivative is recognised separately from the host contract and accounted for as a derivative if, and only if, it is not closely related to the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract and the host contract is not categorised as fair value through profit or loss. The host contract, in the event an embedded derivative is recognised separately, is accounted for in accordance with policy applicable to the nature of the host contract. (ii) Financial instrument categories and subsequent measurement The Group and the Bank categorise financial assets as follows:  loans, advances and financing (Note 3(k))  financial investments - held to maturity (Note 3(j)(i)), - available-for-sale (Note 3(j)(ii)),  trading assets (Note 3(i)) The Group and the Bank classify their financial liabilities, other than financial guarantees, as measured at amortised cost or trading liabilities (See Notes 3(i), 3(q), 3(s)). (iii) Derecognition of financial assets and liabilities Financial assets are derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the assets have expired; or where the Group and the Bank have transferred its contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial assets, and have transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership; or where both control and substantially all the risks and rewards are not retained. Financial liabilities are derecognised when they are extinguished, i.e. when the obligation is discharged, cancelled, or expires. 51
54. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 3 Significant Accounting Policies (Cont’d) (f) Financial instruments (Cont’d) (iv) Offsetting financial assets/liabilities and income/expenses Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the statement of financial position when there is currently a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and the Group and the Bank intend to settle on a net basis, or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. Income and expenses are presented on a net basis only when permitted under the MFRSs, or for gains and losses arising from a group of similar transactions such as in the Group and the Bank’s trading activity. (v) Amortised cost measurement The amortised cost of a financial asset or liability is the amount at which the financial asset or liability is measured at initial recognition, minus principal repayments, plus or minus the cumulative amortisation using the effective interest/profit method of any difference between the initial amounts recognised and the maturity amount, minus any reduction for impairment. (vi) Fair value measurement All financial instruments are recognised initially at fair value. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value of a financial instrument on initial recognition is generally its transaction price (that is, the fair value of the consideration given or received). In certain circumstances, however, the fair value will be based on other observable current market transactions in the same instrument, without modification or repackaging, or on a valuation technique whose variables include only data from observable markets, such as interest rate yield curves, option volatilities and currency rates. When such evidence exists, the Group and the Bank recognise a trading gain or loss on inception of the financial instrument, being the difference between the transaction price and the fair value. When unobservable market data have a significant impact on the valuation of financial instruments, the entire initial difference in fair value from the transaction price as indicated by the valuation model is not recognised immediately in the profit or loss. Instead, it is recognised over the life of the transaction on an appropriate basis, when the inputs become observable, the transaction matures or is closed out, or when the Group and the Bank enter into an offsetting transaction. Subsequent to initial recognition, the fair values of financial instruments measured at fair value are measured in accordance with the Group and the Bank’s valuation methodologies, which are described in Notes 5(b)(ii). (g) Cash and cash equivalents For the purpose of the statements of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value. Such investments comprise cash at hand and bank balances, short term deposits and placements with banks maturing within one month. (h) Sale and repurchase agreements When securities are sold subject to a commitment to repurchase them at a predetermined price (repos), they remain on the balance sheet and a liability is recorded for the consideration received. Securities purchased under commitments to re-sell (reverse repos) are not recognised on the balance sheet and an asset is recorded in respect of the initial consideration paid. Non-trading repos and reverse repos are measured at amortised cost. The difference between the sale and repurchase price or between the purchase and resale price is treated as interest/profit income and recognised in net interest income over the life of the agreement. 52
55. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 3 Significant Accounting Policies (Cont’d) (i) Trading assets and trading liabilities Treasury bills, loans, advances and financing to and from customers, placings with and by banks, debt securities, structured deposits, equity securities, debt securities in issue, certain deposits and short positions in securities which have been acquired or incurred principally for the purpose of selling or repurchasing in the near term, or are part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that are managed together and for which there is evidence of a recent pattern of short-term profit-taking are classified as held-for-trading. Financial assets or financial liabilities are recognised on trade date, when the Group and the Bank enter into contractual arrangements with counterparties to purchase or sell the financial instruments, and are normally derecognised when either sold (assets) or extinguished (liabilities). Measurement is initially at fair value, with transaction costs taken to the profit or loss. Subsequently, the fair values are remeasured and gains and losses from changes therein are recognised in the profit or loss within ‘Net trading income (Note 3(d))’. In order to conform with the BNM presentation of the balance sheet to present financial instruments by types rather than by measurement, trading liabilities are not disclosed as a separate item on the face of the balance sheet. They are included into the respective types of financial liabilities instrument categories. Structured investment/Islamic structured placement is classified as trading liabilities as they are initiated by trading desk for trading and not for funding purpose and the market risk of the embedded derivative is actively managed as part of the trading portfolio. (j) Financial investments Treasury bills, debt securities and equity securities intended to be held on a continuing basis, other than those designated at fair value, are classified as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity. They are recognised on trade date when the Group and the Bank enter into contractual arrangements to purchase those instruments, and are normally derecognised when either the securities are sold or redeemed. (i) Held-to-maturity Held-to-maturity investments are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments and fixed maturities that the Group and the Bank positively intends and is able to hold until maturity. These investments are initially recorded at fair value plus any directly attributable transaction costs, and are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest/profit rate method, less any impairment losses. (ii) Available-for-sale Available-for-sale financial assets are initially measured at fair value plus direct and incremental transaction costs. Available-for-sale financial assets are recognised on the trade date when the group enters into contractual arrangements to purchase those instruments, and are normally derecognised when either the securities are sold or redeemed. They are subsequently remeasured at fair value, and changes therein are recognised in other comprehensive income in ‘Available-for-sale reserve – change in fair value’ until they are either sold or become impaired. When available-for-sale financial assets are sold, cumulative gains or losses previously recognised in other comprehensive income are recognised in the profit or loss as ‘Disposal of financial investments availablefor-sale’. Interest/financing income is recognised on available-for-sale debt securities using the effective interest/profit rate method, calculated over the asset’s expected life. Premiums and/or discounts arising on the purchase of dated investment securities are included in the calculation of their effective interest/profit rates. Dividends are recognised in the profit or loss when the right to receive payment has been established. Available-for-sale financial assets are assessed at each balance sheet date for objective evidence of impairment. Impairment losses are recognised if, and only if, there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the financial asset (a ‘loss event’) and that loss event (or events) has an impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset and can be reliably estimated. 53
56. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 3 Significant Accounting Policies (Cont’d) (j) Financial investments (Cont’d) (ii) Available-for-sale (Cont’d) If the available-for-sale financial asset is impaired, the difference between the financial asset’s acquisition cost (net of any principal repayments and amortisation) and the current fair value, less any previous impairment loss recognised in the profit or loss, is removed from other comprehensive income and recognised in the profit or loss. Impairment losses for available-for-sale debt securities are recognised within ‘Loan/Financing impairment charges and other credit risk provisions’ in the profit or loss and impairment losses for available-for-sale equity securities are recognised within ‘Gains/losses from financial investments’ in the profit or loss.  Available-for-sale debt securities In assessing objective evidence of impairment at the reporting date, the Group and the Bank consider all available evidence, including observable data or information about events specifically relating to the securities which may result in a shortfall in the recovery of future cash flows. These events may include a significant financial difficulty of the issuer, a breach of contract such as a default, bankruptcy or other financial reorganisation, or the disappearance of an active market for the debt security because of financial difficulties relating to the issuer. These types of specific event and other factors such as information about the issuers’ liquidity, business and financial risk exposures, levels of and trends in default for similar financial assets, national and local economic trends and conditions, and the fair value of collateral and guarantees may be considered individually, or in combination, to determine if there is objective evidence of impairment of a debt security.  Available-for-sale equity securities Objective evidence of impairment for available-for sale equity securities may include specific information about the issuer as detailed above, but may also include information about significant changes in technology, markets, economics or the law that provides evidence that the cost of the equity securities may not be recovered. A significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of the equity below its cost is objective evidence of impairment. In assessing whether it is significant, the decline in fair value is evaluated against the original cost of the asset at initial recognition. In assessing whether it is prolonged, the decline is evaluated against the continuous period in which the fair value of the asset has been below its original cost at initial recognition. Once an impairment loss has been recognised on an available-for-sale financial asset, the subsequent accounting treatment for changes in the fair value of that asset differs depending on the nature of the available-for-sale financial asset concerned:  Available-for-sale debt security A subsequent decline in the fair value of the instrument is recognised in the profit or loss when there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of further decreases in the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset. Where there is no further objective evidence of impairment, the decline in the fair value of the financial asset is recognised directly in other comprehensive income. If the fair value of a debt security increases in a subsequent period, and the increase can be objectively related to an event occurring after the impairment loss was recognised in the profit or loss, the impairment loss is reversed through the profit or loss to the extent of the increase in fair value.  Available-for-sale equity security All subsequent increases in the fair value of the instrument are treated as a revaluation and are recognised directly in other comprehensive income. Subsequent decreases in the fair value of the available-for-sale equity security are recognised in the profit or loss, to the extent that further cumulative impairment losses have been incurred in relation to the acquisition cost less cumulative impairment to date of the equity security. Impairment losses recognised on the equity security are not reversed through the profit or loss. 54
57. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 3 Significant Accounting Policies (Cont’d) (k) Loans, advances and financing Loans, advances and financing to customers and placing with banks include financing and advances that originated from the Group and the Bank, which are not classified as either held-for-trading or designated at fair value. They are recognised when cash is advanced to borrowers and derecognised when either the borrower repays its obligations, or the loans are sold or written off, or substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are transferred. They are initially recorded at fair value plus any directly attributable transaction costs and are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest/profit rate method, less any reduction from impairment or uncollectibility. For financing under the Syndicated Investment Account for Financing/Investment Agency Account (SIAF/IAA) or Restricted Profit Sharing Investment Account (RPSIA) arrangements, the Group and Bank recognise the financing to the extent that the financing qualify for derecognition by HBMS. Refer to accounting policy Note 3(f)(iii) on derecognition of financial assets. (l) Impairment of loans, advances and financing Losses for impaired loans, advances and financing are recognised when there is objective evidence that impairment of a loan/financing or portfolio of loans/financing has occurred or when principal or interest/profit or both are past due for more than ninety (90) days, whichever is sooner. Impairment allowances are calculated on individual loans/financing and on groups of loans/financing assessed collectively. Impairment losses are recorded as charges to the profit or loss. The carrying amount of impaired loans/financing on the balance sheet is reduced through the use of impairment allowance accounts. Losses which may arise from future events are not recognised. The Group and Bank’s allowance for impaired loans/financing are in conformity with MFRS 139. (i) Individually assessed loans, advances and financing The factors considered in determining whether a loan/financing is individually significant for the purposes of assessing impairment include the size of the loan, the number of loans in the portfolio, and the importance of the individual loan relationship, and how this is managed. Loans/financing that are determined to be individually significant will be individually assessed for impairment, except when volumes of defaults and losses are sufficient to justify treatment under a collective methodology. Loans/financing considered as individually significant are typically to corporate and commercial customers, are for larger amounts, and are managed on an individual basis. Retail lending portfolios are generally assessed for impairment on a collective basis as the portfolios generally consist of large pools of homogeneous loans/financing. For all loans/financing that are considered individually significant, the Group and Bank assess on a case-by-case basis at each balance sheet date to identify whether objective evidence of impairment exists based on the following criteria:  known cash flow difficulties experienced by the borrower;  contractual payments of either principal or interest being past due for more than 90 days;  the probability that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or other financial realisation;  a concession granted to the borrower for economic or legal reasons relating to the borrower’s financial difficulty that results in forgiveness or postponement of principal, interest/profit or fees, where the concession is not insignificant; and  there has been deterioration in the financial condition or outlook of the borrower such that its ability to repay is considered doubtful. 55
58. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 3 Significant Accounting Policies (Cont’d) (l) Impairment of loans, advances and financing (Cont’d) (i) Individually assessed loans, advances and financing (Cont’d) For those loans/financing where objective evidence of impairment exists, impairment losses are determined considering the following factors:  the Group/Bank’s aggregate exposure to the customer;  the viability of the customer’s business model and their capacity to trade successfully out of financial difficulties and generate sufficient cash flow to service debt obligations;  the amount and timing of expected receipts and recoveries;  the likely dividend available on liquidation or bankruptcy;  the extent of other creditors’ commitments ranking ahead of, or pari passu with, the Group and the Bank and the likelihood of other creditors continuing to support the company;  the complexity of determining the aggregate amount and ranking of all creditor claims and the extent to which legal and insurance uncertainties are evident;  the realisable value of security (or other credit mitigants) and likelihood of successful repossession;  the likely deduction of any costs involved in recovery of amounts outstanding;  the ability of the borrower to obtain, and make payments in, the currency of the loan/financing if not denominated in local currency; and  when available, the secondary market price of the debt. The realisable value of security is determined based on the most recently updated market value at the time when the impairment assessment is performed. The value is not adjusted for expected future changes in market prices, though adjustments are made to reflect local conditions such as forced sale discounts. Impairment losses are calculated by discounting the expected future cash flows of a loan/financing, which includes expected future receipts of contractual interest/profit, at the loan/financing’s original effective interest/profit rate or an approximation there of, and comparing the resultant present value with the loan/financing’s current carrying amount. The impairment allowances on individually significant accounts are reviewed at least quarterly and more regularly when circumstances require. This normally encompasses re-assessment of the enforceability of any collateral held and the timing and amount of actual and anticipated receipts. Individually assessed impairment allowances are only released when there is reasonable and objective evidence of a reduction in the established loss estimate. (ii) Collectively assessed loans, advances and financing Impairment is assessed collectively to cover losses which have been incurred but have not yet been identified on loans/financing subject to individual assessment or for homogeneous groups of loans, advances and financing that are not considered individually significant, generally retail lending portfolios. Individually assessed loans/financing for which no evidence of impairment has been specifically identified on an individual basis are grouped together according to their credit risk characteristics for a collective impairment assessments. These credit risk characteristics may include country of origination, type of business involved, type of products offered, security obtained or other relevant factors. This assessment captures impairment losses that the Group and the Bank has incurred as a result of events occurring before the balance sheet date, which the Group and the Bank is not able to identify on an individual loan/financing basis, and that can be reliably estimated. When information becomes available which identifies losses on individual loans/financing within the group, those loans/financing are removed from the group and assessed individually. The collective impairment allowance is determined after taking into account:  historical loss experience in portfolios of similar credit risk characteristics (for example, by industry sector, loan grade or product);  the estimated period between impairment occurring and the loss being identified and evidenced by the establishment of an appropriate allowance against the individual loan/financing; and  management’s experienced judgment as to whether current economic and credit conditions are such that the actual level of inherent losses at the balance sheet date is likely to be greater or less than that suggested by historical experience. 56
59. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 3 Significant Accounting Policies (Cont’d) (l) Impairment of loans, advances and financing (Cont’d) (ii) Collectively assessed loans, advances and financing (Cont’d) The period between a loss occurring and its identification is estimated by local management for each identified portfolio based on economic and market conditions, customer behaviour, portfolio management information, credit management techniques and collection and recovery experiences in the market. The estimated period between a loss occurring and its identification may vary over time as these factors change. Homogeneous groups of loans, advances and financing Statistical methods are used to determine impairment losses for homogeneous groups of loans, advances and financing not considered individually significant. Losses in these groups of loans/financing are recorded individually when individual loans/financing are removed from the group and written off. Two methods that are used to calculate collective allowances are:  When appropriate empirical information is available, the Group and the Bank uses roll-rate methodology, which employs statistical analyses of historical data and experience of delinquency and default to reliably estimate the amount of loans/financing that will eventually be written off as a result of the events occurring before the balance sheet. Individual loans/financing are grouped using ranges past due days, and statistical analysis are made of the likelihood that loans/financing in each range will progress through the various stages of delinquency, and become irrecoverable. Additionally, individual loans/financing are segmented based on their credit characteristics as described above. Current economic conditions are also evaluated when calculating the appropriate level of allowance required to cover inherent loss. The estimated loss is the difference between the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the original effective interest rate of the portfolio, and the carrying amount of the portfolio.  When the portfolio size is small or when information is insufficient or not reliable enough to adopt a roll rate methodology, the Group and the Bank adopt a basic formulaic approach based on historical loss rate experience, or a discounted cash flow model. When a basic formulaic approach is undertaken, the period between losses occurring and its identification is explicitly estimated by local management, and is typically between six and twelve months. The inherent loss within each portfolio is assessed on the basis of statistical models using historical data observations, which are updated periodically to reflect recent portfolio and economic trends. When the most recent trends in portfolio risk factors arising from changes in economic, regulatory or behavioural conditions are not fully reflected in the statistical models, they are taken into account by adjusting the impairment allowances derived from the statistical models to reflect these changes as at the balance sheet date. These additional portfolio risk factors may include recent loan/financing portfolio growth and product mix, unemployment rates, bankruptcy trends, geographic concentrations, loan/financing product features (such as the ability of borrowers to repay adjustable-rate loans/financing where reset interest/profit rates give rise to increases in interest/profit charges), economic conditions such as national and local trends in housing markets and interest/profit rates, portfolio seasoning, account management policies and practices, current levels of write-offs, adjustments to the period of time between loss identification and write-off, changes in laws and regulations and other items which can affect customer payment patterns on outstanding loans, such as natural disasters. These risk factors, where relevant, are taken into account when calculating the appropriate level of impairment allowances by adjusting the impairment allowances derived solely from historical loss experience. Roll rates, loss rates and the expected timing of future recoveries are regularly benchmarked against actual outcomes to ensure they remain appropriate. 57
60. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 3 Significant Accounting Policies (Cont’d) (l) Impairment of loans, advances and financing (Cont’d) (iii) Write-off of loans, advances and financing Loans/financing (and the related impairment allowance accounts) are normally written off, either partially or in full, when there is no realistic prospect of recovery. Where loans/financing are secured, this is generally after receipt of any proceeds from the realisation of security. In circumstances where the net realisable value of any collateral has been determined and there is no reasonable expectation of further recovery, write-off may be earlier. (iv) Reversals of impairment If the amount of an impairment loss decreases in a subsequent period, and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognised, the excess is written back by reducing the loan/financing impairment allowance account accordingly. The write-back is recognised in the profit or loss. (v) Renegotiated loans/financing Loans/financing subject to collective impairment assessment whose terms have been renegotiated are no longer considered past due, but are treated as up to date loans/financing, once a minimum number of 12 monthly payments have been received. Loans/financing subject to collective impairment assessment whose terms have been renegotiated are segregated from other parts of the loan/financing portfolio for the purposes of collective impairment assessment, to reflect their risk profile. Loans/financing subject to individual impairment assessment, whose terms have been renegotiated remain as impaired until there is sufficient evidence to demonstrate a significant reduction in the risk of non-payment of future contractual payments, and there are no other indicators of impairment. The renegotiated Loans/Financing will only be reclassified as unimpaired when restructured payment is received and observed for a minimum period of 12 months. A loan/financing that is renegotiated is derecognised if the existing agreement is cancelled and a new agreement made on substantially different terms, or if the terms of an existing agreement are modified, such that the renegotiated loan/financing is substantially a different financial instrument. Any new loans that arise following derecognition events will continue to be disclosed as renegotiated loans and are assessed for impairment as above. (m) Property and equipment (i) Land and buildings Land and buildings held for own use, comprising freehold land and buildings, and leasehold land and buildings are carried at their revalued amount, being the fair value at the date of the revaluation less any subsequent accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. Revaluation are performed annually by independent professional qualified valuers, on a market basis, to ensure that the net carrying amount does not differ materially from the fair value. Increases in the carrying amounts arising on revaluation of land and buildings are recognised, net of tax, in other comprehensive income and accumulated in reserves in shareholders’ equity. To the extent that the increase reverses a decrease previously recognised in profit or loss, the increase is first recognised in profit or loss. Decreases that reverse previous increases of the same asset are first recognised in other comprehensive income to the extent of the remaining surplus attributable to the asset; all other decreases are charged to profit or loss. Each financial year, the difference between depreciation based on the revalued carrying amount of the asset charged to profit or loss and depreciation based on the asset’s original cost, net of tax, is reclassified from revaluation reserve to retained earnings. Any accumulated depreciation at the date of revaluation is eliminated against the gross carrying amount of the asset. 58
61. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 3 Significant Accounting Policies (Cont’d) (m) Property and equipment (Cont’d) (i) Land and buildings (Cont’d) The gains or losses on disposal of land and buildings is determined by comparing the proceeds from disposal with the carrying amount of the land and buildings and is recognised net within “other operating income” in profit or loss. When revalued assets are sold, the amounts included in the revaluation surplus reserve are transferred to retained earnings. Freehold land is not depreciated. Depreciation of all other land and buildings is calculated to write off the cost of the assets on a straight line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets concerned as follows: Leasehold land Buildings on freehold land Buildings on leasehold land Improvements on freehold building Improvements on leasehold building Over the lease term 50 years Over the lease term 10 years The shorter of 10 years and the lease term Land and buildings is subject to an impairment review if there are events or changes in circumstances which indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. The fair value are within level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The fair value have been derived using the sales comparison approach. (ii) Equipment Equipment, fixtures and fittings and motor vehicles are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Depreciation is calculated on a straight-line basis to write off the assets over their useful lives as follows: Office equipment, fixtures and fittings Computer equipment Motor vehicles 5 to 10 years 3 to 7 years 5 years Additions to other equipment costing RM1,000 and under are fully depreciated in the year of purchase. For those assets costing more than RM1,000, depreciation is provided at the above rates. The gains or losses on disposal of an item of equipment is determined by comparing the proceeds from disposal with the carrying amount of the equipment and is recognised net within “other operating income” in the profit or loss. Equipment is subject to review for impairment if there are events or changes in circumstances which indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. 59
62. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 3 Significant Accounting Policies (Cont’d) (n) Operating leases Leases, where the Group or the Bank does not assume substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership, are classified as operating leases. When the Group and the Bank are the lessees, the leased assets are not recognised in the statement of financial position of the Group or the Bank. Rentals payable under operating leases are accounted for on a straight-line basis over the periods of the leases and are included in ‘Establishment related expenses’. (o) Intangible Assets Intangible assets of the Group and the Bank represent computer software that have a finite useful life, and are stated at cost less accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses. Computer software includes both purchased and internally generated software. The cost of internally generated software comprises all directly attributable costs necessary to create, produce and prepare the software to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management. Costs incurred in the ongoing maintenance of software are expensed immediately as incurred. Amortisation of intangible assets is calculated to write off the cost of the intangible assets on a straight line basis over the estimated useful lives of 3 to 5 years. Intangible assets are subject to impairment review if there are events or changes in circumstances which indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. (p) Bills and Acceptances Payable Bills and acceptances payable represent the Group and the Bank’s own bills and acceptances rediscounted and outstanding in the market. (q) Debt securities issued, subordinated liabilities, multi-currency sukuk and deposits by customers and banks Financial liabilities are recognised when the Group and the Bank enter into the contractual provisions of the arrangements with counterparties, which are generally on trade date, and initially measured at fair value, which is normally the consideration received. Subsequent measurement of financial liabilities, other than those measured at fair value through profit or loss and financial guarantees, is at amortised cost, using the effective interest method to amortise the difference between proceeds received, net of directly attributable transaction costs incurred, and the redemption amount over the expected life of the instrument. Subordinated liabilities and the multi-currency sukuk of the Group and the Bank are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest/profit rate method, except for the portions which are fair value hedged, which are adjusted for the fair value gains or losses attributable to the hedged risks. Interest expense/profits payable on subordinated liabilities and multi-currency sukuk of the Group and the Bank are recognised on an accrual basis. 60
63. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 3 Significant Accounting Policies (Cont’d) (r) Provisions Provisions are recognised when it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle a present legal or constructive obligation which has arisen as a result of past events and for which a reliable estimate can be made. Contingent liabilities, which include certain guarantees and letters of credit pledged as collateral security and contingent liabilities related to legal proceedings or regulatory matters, are possible obligations that arise from past events whose existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence, or non-occurrence, of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Group and the Bank; or are present obligations that have arisen from past events but are not recognised because it is not probable that settlement will require the outflow of economic benefits, or because the amount of the obligations cannot be reliably measured. Contingent liabilities are not recognised in the financial statements but are disclosed unless the probability of settlement is remote. (s) Financial guarantee contracts Liabilities under financial guarantee contracts which are not classified as insurance contracts are recorded initially at their fair value, which is generally the fee received or present value of the fee receivable. Subsequently, financial guarantee liabilities are measured at the higher of the initial fair value, less cumulative amortisation, and the best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the obligations. Fee income recognised on financial guarantee contracts are amortised to profit or loss using a straight-line method over the contractual period or, when there is no specified contractual period, recognised in the profit or loss upon discharge of the guarantee. (t) Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting Derivatives are financial instruments that derive their value from the price of underlying items such as equities, interest rates or other indices. Derivatives are initially recognised, and are subsequently remeasured, at fair value. Fair values of exchange traded derivatives are obtained from quoted market prices. Fair values of over-the-counter derivatives are obtained using valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow models and option pricing models. Derivative assets and liabilities arising from different transactions are only offset for accounting purposes if the offsetting criteria are met. Derivatives may be embedded in other financial instruments, for example, a convertible bond with an embedded conversion option. Embedded derivatives are treated as separate derivatives (bifurcated) when their economic characteristics and risks are not clearly and closely related to those of the host non-derivative contract; the terms of the embedded derivative would meet the definition of a stand-alone derivative if they were contained in a separate contract; and the combined contract is not held for trading or designated at fair value. These embedded derivatives are measured at fair value with changes therein recognised in the profit or loss. Derivatives are classified as assets when their fair value is positive, or as liabilities when their fair value is negative. Derivative assets and liabilities arising from different transactions are only offset if the transactions are with the same counterparty, a legal right of offset exists, and the parties intend to settle the cash flows on a net basis. The method of recognising fair value gains and losses depends on whether derivatives are held for trading or are designated as hedging instruments, and if the latter, the nature of the risks being hedged. All gains and losses from changes in the fair value of derivatives held for trading are recognised in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income. When derivatives are designated as hedges, the Group and the Bank classify them as either: (i) hedges of the change in fair value of recognised assets or liabilities or firm commitments (fair value hedges) or (ii) hedges of the variability in highly probable future cash flows attributable to a recognised asset or liability, or a forecast transaction (cash flow hedges). Hedge accounting is applied to derivatives designated as hedging instruments in a fair value, cash flow or net investment hedge provided certain criteria are met. 61
64. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 3 Significant Accounting Policies (Cont’d) (t) Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting (Cont’d) (i) Hedge accounting At the inception of a hedging relationship, the Group and the Bank document the relationship between the hedging instruments and the hedged items, its risk management objective and its strategy for undertaking the hedge. The Group and the Bank require documented assessment, both at hedge inception and on an ongoing basis, of whether or not the hedging instruments, are highly effective in offsetting the changes attributable to the hedged risks in the fair values or cash flows of the hedged items. Interest/Profit on designated qualifying hedges is included in ‘Net interest income’.  Fair value hedge Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as fair value hedging instruments are recorded in the profit or loss, along with changes in the fair value of the hedged assets or liabilities attributable to the hedged risk. If a hedge relationship no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, the hedge accounting is discontinued: the cumulative adjustment to the carrying amount of the hedged item is amortised to profit and loss on a recalculated effective interest/profit rate over the residual period to maturity, unless the hedged item has been derecognised, in which case, it is recognised in the profit or loss immediately.  Cash flow hedge The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges is recognised in other comprehensive income. Any gain or loss in fair value relating to an ineffective portion is recognised immediately in the profit or loss within ‘Net Trading Income’. The accumulated gains and losses recognised in other comprehensive income are reclassified to the profit or loss in the same periods in which the hedged item affects the profit or loss. In hedges of forecast transactions that result in recognition of a non-financial asset or a non-financial liability, previous gains and losses recognised in other comprehensive income are removed from equity and included in the initial measurement of the asset or liability. When a hedge relationship is discontinued, any cumulative gain or loss recognised in other comprehensive income at that time remains in equity until the forecast transaction is eventually recognised in profit or loss. When a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognised in other comprehensive income is immediately reclassified to the profit or loss. (u) Financial instruments designated at fair value Financial instruments, other than those held for trading, are classified in this category if they meet the criteria set out below and are so designated irrevocably by management on initial recognition. The Group and the Bank may designate financial instruments at fair value when the designation:  eliminates or significantly reduces measurement or recognition inconsistencies that would otherwise arise from measuring financial instruments, or recognising the gains and losses different bases from related positions. Under this criterion, the main class of financial instruments designated by the Group and the Bank are: Long-term debt issues - the interest/profit payable on certain fixed-rate long-term debt securities issued has been matched with the interest/profit on ‘receive fixed/pay variable’ interest/profit swaps as part of a documented interest/profit rate risk management strategy. An accounting mismatch would arise if the debt securities issued were accounted for at amortised cost, because the related derivatives are measured at fair value with changes in the fair value recognised in the profit or loss. By designating the long-term debt at fair value, the movement in the fair value of the long-term debt will also be recognised in the profit or loss; 62
65. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 3 Significant Accounting Policies (Cont’d) (u) Financial instruments designated at fair value (Cont’d)  applies to a groups of financial instruments are managed and their performance evaluated, on a fair value basis, in accordance with a documented risk management or investment strategy, and where information about that groups of financial instruments is reported to management on that basis. The Group and the Bank has documented risk management and investment strategies designed to manage and monitor market risk of those assets on net basis, after considering non-linked liabilities. Fair value measurement is also consistent with the regulatory reporting requirements under the appropriate regulations for these insurance operations; and  relates to financial instruments containing one or more non-closely related embedded derivatives. Designated financial assets are recognised at fair value when the Group and the Bank enter into contracts with counterparties, which is generally on trade date, and are normally derecognised when sold. Subsequent changes in fair values are recognised in the profit or loss in ‘Net gain/(loss) from financial instruments fair value through profit and loss’. (v) Employee benefits (i) Short term employee benefits Short term employee benefit obligations in respect of salaries, annual bonuses, paid annual leave and sick leave are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is recognised for the amount expected to be paid under short term cash bonus or profit-sharing plans if the Group and the Bank have a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee and the obligation can be estimated reliably. (ii) Defined contribution plan As required by law, companies in Malaysia make contributions to the Employees Provident Fund (EPF). Such contributions are recognised as an expense in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income as incurred. (w) Share based payments The Bank’s ultimate holding company operates a number of equity-settled share based payment arrangements with the Bank’s employees as compensation for services provided by the employees. Equity-settled share based payment arrangements entitle employees to receive equity instruments of the ultimate holding company, HSBC Holdings plc. The cost of share-based payment arrangements with employees is measured by reference to the fair value of equity instruments on the date they are granted, and recognised as an expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, with a corresponding credit to the equity. The credit to equity is treated as capital contribution as the ultimate holding company is compensating the Bank’s employees with no expense to the Bank. The vesting period is the period during which all the specified vesting conditions of a share-based payment arrangement are to be satisfied. The fair value of equity instruments that are made available immediately, with no vesting period attached to the award, are expensed immediately. Fair value is determined by using market prices or appropriate valuation models, taking into account the terms and conditions upon which the equity instruments were granted. Vesting conditions include service conditions and performance conditions; any other features of a share-based payment arrangement are non-vesting conditions. Market performance conditions and non-vesting conditions are taken into account when estimating the fair value of equity instruments at the date of grant, so that an award is treated as vesting irrespective of whether the market performance condition or non-vesting condition is satisfied, provided all other vesting conditions are satisfied. 63
66. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 3 Significant Accounting Policies (Cont’d) (w) Share based payments (Cont’d) Vesting conditions, other than market performance conditions, are not taken into account in the initial estimate of the fair value at the grant date. They are taken into account by adjusting the number of equity instruments included in the measurement of the transaction, so that the amount recognised for services received as consideration for the equity instruments granted shall be based on the number of equity instruments that eventually vest. On a cumulative basis, no expense is recognised for equity instruments that do not vest because of a failure to satisfy non-market performance or service conditions. Where an award has been modified, as a minimum, the expense of the original award continues to be recognised as if it had not been modified. Where the effect of a modification is to increase the fair value of an award or increase the number of equity instruments, the incremental fair value of the award or incremental fair value of the extra equity instruments is recognised in addition to the expense of the original grant, measured at the date of modification, over the modified vesting period. A cancellation that occurs during the vesting period is treated as an acceleration of vesting, and recognised immediately for the amount that would otherwise have been recognised for services over the remaining vesting period. Where the ultimate holding company recharges the Bank for the equity instruments granted, the recharge is recognised over the vesting period. (x) Earnings per share The Group and the Bank present basic earnings per share (EPS) data for its ordinary shares. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to the ordinary shareholder of the Group and the Bank by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year. 64
67. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 4 Financial risk management a) Introduction and overview All of the Group and the Bank’s activities involve analysis, evaluation, acceptance and management of some degree of risk or combination of risks. The Group and the Bank has exposure to the following risks from financial instruments:     credit risk liquidity risk market risks (includes foreign exchange, interest/profit rate and basis risk) operational risks This note presents information about the Group and the Bank’s exposure to each of the above risks, the Group and the Bank’s objectives, policies and processes for measuring and managing risk, and the Group and the Bank’s management of capital. Risk management framework The Group and the Bank’s risk management policies are designed to identify and analyse these risks, to set appropriate risk limits and controls, and to monitor the risks and limits continually by means of reliable and upto-date administrative and information systems. The Group and the Bank regularly review its risk management policies and systems to reflect changes in markets, products and best practice risk management processes. Training, individual responsibility and accountability, together with a disciplined, conservative and constructive culture of control, lie at the heart of the Group and the Bank’s management of risk. The Executive Committee and Board Risk Committee (constituted by Non-Executive Directors), appointed by the Board of Directors, formulate risk management policy, monitor risk and regularly review the effectiveness of the Group and the Bank’s risk management policies. The Board Risk Committee is entrusted with the responsibility to oversee Senior Management’s activities in managing credit, market, liquidity, operational, legal and other risks and to ensure that the risk management process is in place and functioning. A separate internal Risk Management Meeting made up of EXCO members (in line with the HSBC Group's Enterprise Risk Management Framework) are responsible to oversee and ensure that risk issues across all businesses are appropriately managed, and that adequate controls exist. Additionally, the Group and the Bank also has an internal Operational Risk and Governance Working Group to oversee and manage operational risk and ensure that adequate controls are maintained over operational processes. b) Credit risk management Credit risk is the risk that financial loss arises from the failure of a customer or counterparty to meet its payment obligations under a contract. It arises principally from cash and deposit placements, direct lending, trade finance, capital market transactions, foreign exchange derivatives and holdings of investment debt securities. The Group and the Bank has dedicated standards, policies and procedures to control and monitor all such risks. A Credit and Risk Management structure under the Chief Risk Officer, who reports to the Chief Executive Officer, is in place to ensure a more coordinated management of credit risk and a more independent evaluation of credit proposals. The Chief Risk Officer, who also has strong oversight of credit, market, operational and sustainability risk, has a functional reporting line to the HSBC Asia Pacific Regional Chief Risk Officer. The Group and the Bank have established a credit process involving credit policies, procedures and lending guidelines which are regularly updated and credit approval authorities delegated from the Board of Directors to the Chief Risk Officer who in turn will delegate the credit approval authorities to the credit risk executives. Excesses or deterioration in credit risk grade are monitored on a regular and ongoing basis and at the periodic, normally annual, review of the facility. The objective is to build and maintain risk assets of acceptable quality where risk and return are commensurate. Reports are produced for the Risk Management Meeting, Executive Committee, Board Risk Committee and the Board, covering: 65
68. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 4 Financial risk management (Cont’d) b) Credit risk management (Cont’d)        well defined credit risk appetite on business with growth, maintain and shrink sectors. risk concentrations and exposures by industry (main sectors exposures) and portfolio/business. single counterparty exposure limit. portfolio management exposures by Customer Risk Rating (asset quality by CRR); large impaired accounts and impairment allowances; early risk identification ‘Worry & Watch” List trend and Top 10 Distressed names; and rescheduled and restructured loan/financing. The Group and the Bank have systems in place to control and monitor the exposure at the customer and counterparty level. A regional Credit Review and Risk Identification (CRRI) team undertakes regular thematic reviews based on a representative sample of accounts to assess the level and trend of portfolio credit risk, integrity of risk rating, quality of credit risk assessment and the approval process as well as quality of credit risk management and control activities. Where risk ratings are considered to be inappropriate, CRRI will discuss with the management and their subsequent recommendations for revised grades must then be assigned to the facilities concerned. In addition, the regional CRRI team undertakes periodic sampling to assess the quality of credit assessment, integrity of customer risk ratings, quality of management controls, adherence to policy and procedures and use of appropriate approval authority. Furthermore, credit risk surveillance is also undertaken by a local Risk Identification team to identity potential high risk accounts for remedial or mitigating actions to be taken at an early stage. The Group and Bank’s exposure to credit risk is shown in Note 4(b)(xi). (i) Impairment assessment Individually impaired loans/financing and securities are loans/financing, advances and investment debt securities for which the Group and the Bank determine that there is objective evidence of impairment and they do not expect to collect all principal and interest/profit due according to the contractual terms of the loan/financing/investment security. These loans/financing are graded CRR 9-10 in the Group’s internal credit risk rating system. Refer Note 4 (b)(xi) for further information on the Group’s internal credit risk grading system. When impairment losses occur, the Group and the Bank reduce the carrying amount of loans/financing and advances through the use of an allowance account. When impairment of available-for-sale financial assets occurs, the carrying amount of the asset is reduced directly. For further details, see Note 3(j)(ii) and Note 3(l). Impairment allowances may be assessed and created either for individually significant accounts or, on a collective basis, for groups of individually significant accounts for which no evidence of impairment has been individually identified or for high-volume groups of homogeneous loans/financing that are not considered individually significant. It is the Group and the Bank’s policy that allowances for impaired loans/financing are created promptly and consistently. Management regularly evaluates the adequacy of the established allowances for impaired loans/financing by conducting a detailed review of the loan/financing portfolio, comparing performance and delinquency statistics with historical trends and assessing the impact of current economic conditions. (ii) Past due but not impaired loans/financing and investment debt securities Past due but not impaired loans/financing and investment debt securities are those for which contractual interest/profit or principal payments are past due, but the Group believes that impairment is not appropriate on the basis of the level of security/collateral available and/or the stage of collection of amounts owed to the Group and the Bank. Examples of exposures past due but not impaired include overdue loans/financing fully secured by cash collateral; mortgages that are individually assessed for impairment, and that are in arrears less than 90 days, but where the value of collateral is sufficient to repay both the principal debt and potential interest; and short-term trade facilities past due for technical reasons such as delays in documentation, but where there is no concern over the creditworthiness of the counterparty. 66
69. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 4 Financial risk management (Cont’d) b) Credit risk management (Cont’d) (iii) Loans/financing with renegotiated terms Loans/financing with renegotiated terms are loans/financing that have been restructured due to deterioration in the borrower’s financial position and where the Group and the Bank have made concessions it would not otherwise consider. Once the loan/financing is restructured it remains in this category independent of satisfactory performance after restructuring. (iv) Write-off of loans, advances and financing Loans/advances and financing are normally written off, either partially or in full, when there is no realistic prospect of further recovery. Where loans/financing are secured, this is generally after receipt of any proceeds from the realisation of security. In circumstances where the net realisable value of any collateral has been determined and there is no reasonable expectation of further recovery, write-off may be earlier. In line with HSBC Global policy, lending/financing is made on the basis of the customer’s capacity to repay, as opposed to placing primary reliance on credit risk mitigation. Depending on the customer’s standing and the type of product, facilities may be provided unsecured. Mitigation of credit risk is nevertheless a key aspect of effective risk management and in the Group and Bank, takes many forms, the most common method of which is to take collateral. The principal collateral types employed by the Group and the Bank are as follows:  under the residential and real estate business; mortgages over residential and financed properties;  under certain Islamic specialised financing and leasing transactions (such as vehicle financing) where physical assets form the principal source of facility repayment, physical collateral is typically taken;  in the commercial and industrial sectors, charges over business assets such as premises, stock and debtors;  facilities provided to small and medium enterprises are commonly granted against guarantees by their owners/directors;  guarantees from third parties can arise where facilities are extended without the benefit of any alternative form of security, e.g. where the Group and the Bank issues a bid or performance bond in favour of a non-customer at the request of another bank;  under the institutional sector, certain trading facilities are supported by charges over financial instruments such as cash, debt securities and equities; and  financial collateral in the form of marketable securities is used in much of the over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives activities and in the Group and the Bank’s securities financing business (securities lending and borrowing or repos and reverse repos). (v) Collateral held as security The Group and the Bank do not disclose the fair value of collateral held as security or other credit enhancements on loans, advances and financing past due but not impaired, or on individually assessed loans, advances and financing, as it is not practicable to do so. The financial effect of collateral (quantification of the extent to which collateral and other credit enhancements mitigate credit risk) held for impaired loans, advances and financing for the Group and the Bank as at 31 Dec 2016 are 68.9% (2015: 70.9%) and 72.5% (2015: 77.9%) respectively, The financial effect of collateral held for other remaining on-balance sheet financial assets is not significant. Collateral especially properties are made available for sale in an orderly fashion, with the proceeds used to reduce or repay the outstanding indebtedness. If excess funds arise after the debt/financing has been repaid, they are made available either to repay other secured lenders/financier with lower priority or are returned to the customer. The Group and the Bank do not generally occupy repossessed properties for its business use. 67
70. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 4 Financial risk management (Cont’d) b) Credit risk management (Cont’d) (vi) Concentration of credit risk The Group and the Bank monitor concentration of credit risk by sector and geographical location. The analysis of concentration of credit risk from loans, advances and financing to customers is shown in Note 10(v) and 10(vii). The analysis of concentration of credit risk from the Group’s and the Bank’s financial assets is shown in Note 4 (b)(xii). (vii) Financial assets held-for-trading The Group and Bank hold financial assets held-for-trading of RM2,266 million (2015: RM1,497 million) and RM2,266 million (2015: RM1,487 million) respectively. An analysis of the credit quality of the maximum credit exposure, based on the rating agency Standard & Poor’s, is as disclosed in Note 8 to the financial statements. (viii) Derivatives The International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) Master Agreement is the Group’s preferred agreement for documenting derivatives activity. It provides the contractual framework within which dealing activity across a full range of OTC products is conducted, and contractually binds both parties to apply close-out netting across all outstanding transactions covered by an agreement if either party defaults or another pre-agreed termination event occurs. It is common, and the Group’s preferred practice, for the parties to execute a Credit Support Annex (CSA) in conjunction with the ISDA Master Agreement. Under a CSA, collateral is passed between the parties to mitigate the counterparty risk inherent in outstanding positions. (ix) Offsetting financial assets and liabilities The disclosures set out in the table below include financial assets and financial liabilities that are subject to an enforceable master netting agreement, irrespective of whether they are offset in the statement of financial position. Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reports in the statement of financial position when there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or realize the asset and liability simultaneously (the offset criteria). During the financial year, no financial assets or financial liabilities were offset in the statement of financial position because the ISDA does not meet the criteria for offsetting in the statement of financial position. The ISDA creates for the parties to the agreement, a right of set off of recognised amounts that is enforceable only following an event of default, insolvency or bankruptcy of the Group and the Bank, or its counterparties. Financial instruments subject to offsetting, enforceable master netting agreements and similar agreements are shown as follows 68
71. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 4 Financial risk management (Cont'd) b) Credit Risk Management (Cont'd) (ix) Offsetting financial assets and liabilities (Cont’d) (i) Description Gross amounts of recognised assets RM'000 (ii) (iii) = (i) + (ii) Gross amounts offset in the statement of financial position RM'000 Net amount of assets presented in the statement of financial position RM'000 (iv)a (iv)b (v) = (iii) - (iv) Gross amounts not offset in the statement of financial position Financial instruments RM'000 Cash collateral received RM'000 Net amount RM'000 2016 Group Securities purchased under resale agreements Derivative financial assets Derivative financial liabilities 6,162,230 2,988,954 3,127,028 - 6,162,230 2,988,954 3,127,028 6,162,230 - 1,079,045 999,109 1,909,909 2,127,919 Bank Securities purchased under resale agreements Derivative financial assets Derivative financial liabilities 6,162,230 3,089,446 3,132,513 - 6,162,230 3,089,446 3,132,513 6,162,230 - 1,079,045 999,109 2,010,401 2,133,404 2015 Group Securities purchased under resale agreements Derivative financial assets Derivative financial liabilities 6,553,754 3,317,190 3,433,760 - 6,553,754 3,317,190 3,433,760 6,553,754 - 1,360,929 1,361,932 1,956,261 2,071,828 Bank Securities purchased under resale agreements Derivative financial assets Derivative financial liabilities 6,553,754 3,488,229 3,438,867 - 6,553,754 3,488,229 3,438,867 6,553,754 - 1,360,929 1,361,932 2,127,300 2,076,935 69
72. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 4 Financial risk management (Cont'd) b) Credit Risk Management (Cont'd) (xi) Exposure to credit risk 31 Dec 2016 Loans, advances and financing to customers RM'000 Group Carrying amount 46,894,834 Placement with banks RM'000 [1] Other financial assets RM'000 24,827,744 11,830,663 1,026,953 (230,040) 796,913 - - 2,965,446 - - 2,191,550 558,037 215,859 2,965,446 - - 23,789,769 10,356,530 8,626,386 829,355 43,602,040 24,827,744 24,827,744 - 168,722 - - (469,565) - - 46,894,834 24,827,744 - Other financial assets Neither past due nor impaired: Strong Medium-good Medium-satisfactory Sub-standard Carrying amount[3] - - 10,552,584 1,132,762 123,886 21,431 11,830,663 Carrying amount-fair value - - 11,830,663 Assets at amortised cost Individually impaired: Gross amount Allowance for impairment Carrying amount Past due but not impaired: Carrying amount Past due comprises: up to 29 days 30 - 59 days 60 - 89 days Neither past due nor impaired: Strong Medium-good Medium-satisfactory Substandard Carrying amount of which includes accounts with renegotiated terms Collective allowance for impairment Carrying amount-amortised cost In addition to the above, the Group had entered into lending commitments and contingencies of RM53,073.2 million. The Group had also issued financial guarantee contracts for which the maximum amount payable by the Group, assuming all guarantees are called on, is RM12,124.3 million. [1] Consists of cash and short term funds, deposits and placements with banks and other financial institutions and securities purchased under resale agreements. [2] Consists of derivative financial assets, financial assets held-for-trading, financial investments available-for-sale, and other financial assets. Financial investments available-for-sale excludes equity securities. [3] No available-for-sale accounts were renegotiated during the financial year. 70 [2]
73. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 4 Financial risk management (Cont'd) b) Credit Risk Management (Cont'd) (xi) Exposure to credit risk (Cont'd) 31 Dec 2015 Loans, advances and financing to customers RM'000 Group Carrying amount 51,222,193 Assets at amortised cost Individually impaired: Gross amount Allowance for impairment Carrying amount Neither past due nor impaired: Strong Medium-good Medium-satisfactory Substandard Carrying amount of which includes accounts with renegotiated terms Collective allowance for impairment Carrying amount-amortised cost 12,027,758 - - 3,257,179 - - 2,372,793 670,812 213,574 3,257,179 - - 27,264,553 11,171,262 8,601,963 660,686 47,698,464 24,792,742 12,921 24,805,663 - 168,507 - - (444,234) - - 51,222,193 24,805,663 - - - 11,179,525 645,113 199,385 3,735 - - 12,027,758 - - 12,027,758 Other financial assets Neither past due nor impaired: Strong Medium-good Medium-satisfactory Sub-standard Carrying amount [1] 24,805,663 941,081 (230,297) 710,784 Past due but not impaired: Carrying amount Past due comprises: up to 29 days 30 - 59 days 60 - 89 days Placement with banks RM'000 Other financial assets RM'000 [3] Carrying amount-fair value In addition to the above, the Group had entered into lending commitments and contingencies of RM50,075.7 million. The Group had also issued financial guarantee contracts for which the maximum amount payable by the Group, assuming all guarantees are called on, is RM12,712.2 million. [1] Consists of cash and short term funds, deposits and placements with banks and other financial institutions and securities purchased under resale agreements. [2] Consists of derivative financial assets, financial assets held-for-trading, financial investments available-for-sale, and other financial assets. Financial investments available-for-sale excludes equity securities. [3] No available-for-sale accounts were renegotiated during the financial year. 71 [2]
74. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 4 Financial risk management (Cont'd) b) Credit Risk Management (Cont'd) (xi) Exposure to credit risk (Cont'd) 31 Dec 2016 Loans, advances and financing to customers RM'000 Bank Carrying amount 35,151,571 Assets at amortised cost Individually impaired: Gross amount Allowance for impairment Carrying amount Neither past due nor individually impaired: Strong Medium-good Medium-satisfactory Substandard Carrying amount of which includes accounts with renegotiated terms Collective allowance for impairment Carrying amount-amortised cost 10,531,089 - - 2,130,805 - - 1,584,053 400,596 146,156 2,130,805 - - 18,112,493 7,854,669 6,294,525 472,485 32,734,172 25,037,604 25,037,604 - 128,738 - - (269,550) - - 35,151,571 25,037,604 - - - 9,514,141 887,749 107,768 21,431 - - 10,531,089 - - 10,531,089 Other financial assets Neither past due nor impaired: Strong Medium-good Medium-satisfactory Sub-standard Carrying amount [1] Other financial assets RM'000 25,037,604 723,427 (167,283) 556,144 Past due but not impaired: Carrying amount Past due comprises: up to 29 days 30 - 59 days 60 - 89 days Placement with banks RM'000 [3] Carrying amount-fair value In addition to the above, the Bank had entered into lending commitments and contingencies of RM43,335.2 million. The Bank had also issued financial guarantee contracts for which the maximum amount payable by the Bank, assuming all guarantees are called on, is RM10,364.4 million. [1] Consists of cash and short term funds, deposits and placements with banks and other financial institutions and securities purchased under resale agreements. [2] Consists of derivative financial assets, financial assets held-for-trading, financial investments available-for-sale, and other financial assets. Financial investments available-for-sale excludes equity securities. [3] No available-for-sale accounts were renegotiated during the financial year. 72 [2]
75. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 4 Financial risk management (Cont'd) b) Credit Risk Management (Cont'd) (xi) Exposure to credit risk (Cont'd) 31 Dec 2015 Loans, advances and financing to customers RM'000 Bank Carrying amount 39,253,976 Assets at amortised cost Individually impaired: Gross amount Allowance for impairment Carrying amount Neither past due nor individually impaired: Strong Medium-good Medium-satisfactory Substandard Carrying amount of which includes accounts with renegotiated terms Collective allowance for impairment Carrying amount-amortised cost [1] 23,507,041 10,454,809 - - 2,480,422 - - 1,839,712 491,713 148,997 2,480,422 - - 21,062,416 9,115,113 5,781,046 574,797 36,533,372 23,494,120 12,921 23,507,041 - 137,928 - - (303,970) - - 39,253,976 23,507,041 - - - 9,849,804 413,510 187,858 3,637 - - 10,454,809 - - 10,454,809 705,802 (161,650) 544,152 Past due but not impaired: Carrying amount Past due comprises: up to 29 days 30 - 59 days 60 - 89 days Placement with banks RM'000 Other financial assets RM'000 Other financial assets Neither past due nor impaired: Strong Medium-good Medium-satisfactory Sub-standard Carrying amount[3] Carrying amount-fair value In addition to the above, the Bank had entered into lending commitments and contingencies of RM41,660.9 million. The Bank had also issued financial guarantee contracts for which the maximum amount payable by the Bank, assuming all guarantees are called on, is RM10,827.8 million. [1] Consists of cash and short term funds, deposits and placements with banks and other financial institutions and securities purchased under resale agreements. [2] Consists of derivative financial assets, financial assets held-for-trading, financial investments available-for-sale, and other financial assets. Financial investments available-for-sale excludes equity securities. [3] No available-for-sale accounts were renegotiated during the financial year. 73 [2]
76. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 4 Financial risk management (Cont'd) b) Credit Risk Management (Cont'd) (xi) Exposure to credit risk (Cont'd) The five credit quality classifications set out and defined below describe the credit quality of HSBC’s lending, debt securities portfolios and derivatives. These five classifications each encompass a range of more granular, internal credit rating grades assigned to corporate and retail lending business, as well as the external ratings attributed by external agencies to debt securities. There is no direct correlation between the internal and external ratings at granular level, except to the extent each falls within a single quality classification. Credit quality of the Group's debt securities and other bills Strong Good Satisfactory Sub-standard Impaired Internal Credit Rating[1] A- and above BBB+ to BBBBB+ to B and unrated B- to C D Credit quality of the Group's corporate lending/derivative financial assets/ securities purchased under resale agreements/ deposits and placements with banks and other financial institutions Strong Good Satisfactory Sub-standard Impaired Internal Credit Rating CRR1 - CRR2 CRR3 CRR4 - CRR5 CRR6 - CRR8 CRR9 - CRR10 Credit quality of the Group's retail lending Strong Medium-good Medium-satisfactory Sub-standard Impaired Internal Credit Rating EL1 -EL2 EL3 EL4 - EL5 EL6 - EL8 EL9 - EL10 [1] External ratings have been aligned to the five quality classifications. The ratings of Standard and Poor's are cited, with those of other agencies being treated equivalently. 74
77. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 4 Financial risk management (Cont'd) b) Credit Risk Management (Cont'd) (xii) Concentration by sector and by location [1] 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 Group Placement with banks RM'000 Carrying amount 24,827,744 11,830,663 24,805,663 12,027,758 - 2,375 4,601 244,872 30,429 11,645 42,806 - 15,016 2,291 229,229 10,192 28,326 55,359 24,827,744 24,827,744 144,547 23,961 2,865,158 2,365 7,993,814 464,090 11,830,663 24,805,663 24,805,663 154,714 45,946 2,793,306 1,938 8,283,104 408,337 12,027,758 23,114,016 1,713,728 24,827,744 10,303,405 1,527,258 11,830,663 23,276,669 1,528,994 24,805,663 11,077,592 950,166 12,027,758 By Sector Agricultural, hunting, forestry and fishing Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity, gas and water Construction Real estate Wholesale & retail trade, restaurants & hotels Transport, storage and communication Finance, insurance and business services Household-retail Central banks and government related Others By geographical location Within Malaysia Outside Malaysia [2] Other financial assets RM'000 [3] Placement with banks RM'000 [2] Other financial assets RM'000 [1] Concentration by sector and location for loans, advances and financing to customers is disclosed under Note 10(v) and 10(vii) to the financial statements. [2] Consists of cash and short term funds, deposits and placements with banks and other financial institutions and securities purchased under resale agreements. [3] Consists of derivative financial assets, financial assets held-for-trading, financial investments available-for-sale, and other financial assets. Financial investments available-for-sale excludes equity securities. 75 [3]
78. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 4 Financial risk management (Cont'd) b) Credit Risk Management (Cont'd) (xii) Concentration by sector and by location [1] (Cont'd) 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 Bank Placement with banks RM'000 Carrying amount 25,037,604 10,531,089 23,507,041 10,454,809 - 2,294 4,475 232,251 30,429 11,644 40,114 - 15,016 2,291 213,957 10,192 18,305 51,889 25,037,604 25,037,604 144,468 23,665 3,092,480 2,365 6,624,752 322,152 10,531,089 23,507,041 23,507,041 154,691 45,848 3,040,470 1,938 6,581,371 318,841 10,454,809 23,405,534 1,632,070 25,037,604 9,248,682 1,282,407 10,531,089 22,235,127 1,271,914 23,507,041 9,717,543 737,266 10,454,809 By Sector Agricultural, hunting, forestry and fishing Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity, gas and water Construction Real estate Wholesale & retail trade, restaurants & hotels Transport, storage and communication Finance, insurance and business services Household-retail Central banks and government related Others By geographical location Within Malaysia Outside Malaysia [2] Other financial assets RM'000 [3] Placement with banks RM'000 [2] Other financial assets RM'000 [1] Concentration by sector and location for loans, advances and financing to customers is disclosed under Note 10(v) and 10(vii) to the financial statements. [2] Consists of cash and short term funds, deposits and placements with banks and other financial institutions and securities purchased under resale agreements. [3] Consists of derivative financial assets, financial assets held-for-trading, financial investments available-for-sale, and other financial assets. Financial investments available-for-sale excludes equity securities. 76 [3]
79. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 4 Financial risk management (Cont’d) c) Liquidity and funding risk management Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group and the Bank do not have sufficient financial resources to meet their obligations when they fall due, or will have to do it at excessive cost. This risk can arise from mismatches in the timing of cash flows. Funding risk arises when the necessary liquidity to fund illiquid asset positions cannot be obtained at the expected terms and when required. The Group and the Bank maintain a diversified and stable funding base comprising core retail and corporate customer deposits and institutional balances. This is augmented by wholesale funding and portfolios of highly liquid assets. The objective of the Group and the Bank’s liquidity and funding management is to ensure that all foreseeable funding commitments and deposit withdrawals can be met when due and that wholesale market access is coordinated and cost effective. Current accounts and savings deposits payable on demand or at short notice form a significant part of HSBC Group’s funding, and the Group and the Bank place considerable importance on maintaining their stability. For deposits, stability depends upon preserving depositor confidence in the Group and the Bank’s capital strength and liquidity, and on competitive and transparent pricing. In aggregate, the Group and the Bank are net liquidity providers to the interbank market, placing significantly more funds with other banks than it borrows. The management of liquidity and funding is primarily carried out in accordance with the BNM’s Liquidity Coverage Ratio Framework; and practices and limits set by Asset, Liability and Capital Management (ALCO) and regional Head Office. These limits vary to take account of the depth and liquidity of the local market in which the Group and the Bank operates. The Group and the Bank maintain strong liquidity positions and manage the liquidity profile of the assets, liabilities and commitments to ensure that cash flows are appropriately balanced and all obligations are met when due. The Group and the Bank’s liquidity and funding management process include:          maintaining compliance with relevant regulatory requirements of the operating entity; projecting cash flows under various stress scenarios and considering the level of liquid assets necessary in relation thereto; monitoring liquidity and funding ratios against internal and regulatory requirements; maintaining a diverse range of funding sources with adequate back-up facilities; managing the concentration and profile of term funding; managing contingent liquidity commitment exposures within predetermined limits; maintaining debt financing plans; monitoring of depositor concentration in order to avoid undue reliance on large individual depositors and ensuring a satisfactory overall funding mix; and maintaining liquidity and funding contingency plans. These plans identify early indicators of stress conditions and describe actions to be taken in the event of difficulties arising from systemic or other crises, while minimising adverse long-term implications for the business. On 1 January 2016, the HSBC Group implemented a new liquidity and funding risk framework (LFRF). It uses the liquidity coverage ratio (LCR) and net stable funding ratio (NSFR) regulatory framework as a foundation, but adds extra metrics, limits and overlays to address the risks that we consider are not adequately reflected by the regulatory framework. The LFRF is delivered using the following key aspects:      standalone management of liquidity and funding by operating entity; operating entity classification by inherent liquidity risk (ILR) categorisation; minimum LCR requirement depending on ILR categorisation; minimum NSFR requirement depending on ILR categorisation; legal entity depositor concentration limit; 77
80. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 4 c) Financial risk management (Cont’d) Liquidity and funding risk management (Cont’d)  three-month and 12-month cumulative rolling term contractual maturity limits covering deposits from banks,  deposits from non-bank financial institutions and securities issued;  annual individual liquidity adequacy assessment by principal operating entity;  minimum LCR requirement by currency;  intraday liquidity; and  forward-looking funding assessments. The new internal LFRF and the risk tolerance limits were approved by the Board on the basis of recommendations made by the Group Risk Committee. Please refer to Note 41 on disclosure on Liquidity Risk. d) Market risk management Market risk is the risk that movements in market risk factors, including foreign exchange rates and commodity prices, interest/profit rates and basis risk, credit spreads and equity prices, will reduce the Group and the Bank’s income or the value of our portfolios. The objective of the Group and the Bank’s market risk management is to manage and control market risk exposures in order to optimise return on risk while maintaining a market profile consistent with the HSBC Group’s status as one of the world’s largest banking and financial services organisation. There were no significant changes to our policies and practices for the management of market risk in 2016. The Group and the Bank separate exposures to market risk into either trading or non-trading portfolios. Trading portfolios comprise positions arising from market making, proprietary position taking and other marked-to-market positions so designated. Non-trading portfolios primarily arise from the interest/profit rate management of the Group and the Bank’s retail and commercial banking assets and liabilities, and financial investments designated as available-for-sale. The management of market risk is principally undertaken using risk limit mandates approved by HSBC’s Regional Wholesale and Global Market Risk Management (WMR), an independent unit which develops HSBC Group’s market risk management policies and measurement techniques. Market risks which arise on each product are transferred to the Global Markets. The aim is to ensure that all market risks are consolidated within operations which have the necessary skills, tools, management and governance to manage such risks professionally. Limits are set for portfolios, products and risk types, with market liquidity being the principal factor in determining the level of limits set. The Group and the Bank have an independent product control function that is responsible for measuring market risk exposures in accordance with the policies defined by WMR. Positions are monitored daily and excesses against the prescribed limits are reported immediately to local Senior Management and WMR. The nature of the hedging and risk mitigation strategies corresponds to the market instruments available. These strategies range from the use of traditional market instruments, such as interest rate swaps/profit rate swaps, to more sophisticated hedging strategies to address a combination of risk factors arising at portfolio level. Market risk in the trading portfolio is monitored and controlled at both portfolio and position levels using a complementary set of techniques such as sensitivity analysis and value at risk, together with stress testing and concentration limits. Other controls to contain trading portfolio market risk at an acceptable level include rigorous new product approval procedures and a list of permissible instruments to be traded. (i) Value at risk (VAR) VAR is a technique that estimates the potential losses on risk positions as a result of movements in market rates and prices over a specified time horizon and to a given level of confidence. The use of VAR is integrated into market risk management and is calculated for all trading positions regardless of how the group capitalises those exposures. Where there is no approved internal model, the group uses the appropriate local rules to capitalise exposures. The VAR models used by the Group and the Bank are predominantly based on historical simulation. 78
81. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 4 Financial risk management (Cont’d) d) Market risk management (Cont’d) (i) Value at risk (VAR) (Cont’d) These models derive plausible future scenarios from past series of recorded market rates and prices, taking into account inter-relationships between different markets and rates such as interest rates and foreign exchange rates. The models also incorporate the effect of option features on the underlying exposures. The historical simulation models used by the Group and the Bank incorporate the following features:  historical market rates and prices are calculated with reference to foreign exchange rates and commodity prices, interest rates, equity prices and the associated volatilities;  potential market movements utilised for VAR are calculated with reference to data from the past two years; and  VAR measures are calculated to a 99 per cent confidence level and use a one-day holding period. The nature of the VAR models means that an increase in observed market volatility will lead to an increase in VAR without any changes in the underlying positions. The Group and the Bank routinely validates the accuracy of its VAR models by back-testing the actual daily profit and loss results, adjusted to remove non-modelled items such as fees and commissions, against the corresponding VAR numbers. Statistically, the Group and the Bank would expect to see losses in excess of VAR only 1 per cent of the time over a one-year period. The actual number of excesses over this period can therefore be used to gauge how well the models are performing. A summary of the VAR position of the Bank and its fully owned subsidiary, HSBC Amanah Malaysia Berhad’s trading portfolios at the reporting date is as follows: HSBC Bank Malaysia Bhd (RM'000) At 31 Dec 2016 Average Maximum Minimum 695 470 2,297 66 5,906 6,637 11,208 3,360 218 168 1,121 38 5,547 6,426 11,777 3,027 At 31 Dec 2015 Average Maximum Minimum 313 567 1,833 105 4,552 4,889 10,846 1,773 111 165 574 48 4,102 4,694 10,332 1,636 At 31 Dec 2016 Average Maximum Minimum 61 44 248 8 294 487 673 401 - 2 8 - 311 491 685 35 At 31 Dec 2015 Average Maximum Minimum Foreign currency risk 299 50 321 8 Profit rate risk 387 235 408 36 8 - 16 - 436 242 459 37 Foreign currency risk Interest rate risk Credit spread risk Overall Foreign currency risk Interest rate risk Credit spread risk Overall HSBC Amanah Malaysia Berhad (RM'000) Foreign currency risk Profit rate risk Credit spread risk Overall Credit spread risk Overall 79
82. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 4 Financial risk management (Cont’d) d) Market risk management (Cont’d) (i) Value at risk (VAR) (Cont’d) Although a valuable guide to risk, VAR should always be viewed in the context of its limitations. For example:      the use of historical data as a proxy for estimating future events may not encompass all potential events, particularly those which are extreme in nature; the use of a 1-day holding period assumes that all positions can be liquidated or the risks offset during that period. This may not fully reflect the market risk arising at times of severe illiquidity, when a 1-day holding period may be insufficient to liquidate or hedge all positions fully; the use of a 99 per cent confidence level, by definition, does not take into account losses that might occur beyond this level of confidence; VAR is calculated on the basis of exposures outstanding at the close of business and therefore does not necessarily reflect intra-day exposures; and VAR is unlikely to reflect loss potential on exposures that only arise under significant market movements. The Group and the Bank recognise these limitations by augmenting its VAR limits with other position and sensitivity limit structures. Stress tests are produced on a monthly basis based on the HSBC Group’s stress-testing parameters, and on a half-yearly basis based on Bank Negara Malaysia’s parameters to determine the impact of changes in interest/profit rates, exchange rates and other main economic indicators on the Group and the Bank’s profitability, capital adequacy and liquidity. The stress-testing provides the Board Risk Committee with an assessment of the financial impact of identified extreme events on the market risk exposures of the Group and the Bank. Sensitivity measures are used to monitor the market risk positions within each risk type, for example, the present value of a basis point movement in interest/profit rates, for interest/profit rate risk. Sensitivity limits are set for portfolios, products and risk types, with the depth of the market being one of the principal factors in determining the level of limits set. Derivative financial instruments (principally interest/profit rate swaps) are used for hedging purposes in the management of asset and liability portfolios and structured positions. This enables the Group and the Bank to mitigate the market risk which would otherwise arise from structural imbalances in the maturity and other profiles of the assets and liabilities. (ii) Exposure to interest/profit rate risk – non trading portfolios Market risk in non-trading portfolios arises principally from mismatches between the future yields on assets and their funding cost as a result of interest/profit rate changes. This market risk is transferred to Global Markets, taking into account both the contractual and behavioural characteristics of each product to enable the risk to be managed effectively. Behavioural assumptions for products with no contractual maturity are normally based on a two-year historical trend. These assumptions are important as they reflect the underlying interest/profit rate risk of the products and hence are subject to scrutiny from ALCO, the regional WMR. The net exposure is monitored against the limits granted by regional WMR for the respective portfolios and, depending on the view on future market movement, economically hedged with the use of financial instruments within agreed limits. Interest/profit rate risk in the banking book or Rate of Return risk in the Banking book (IRR/RORBB) is defined as the exposure of the non-trading products of the Group and the Bank to interest/profit rates. Non-trading portfolios are subject to prospective interest/profit rate movements which could reduce future net interest/finance income. Non-trading portfolios include positions that arise from the interest/profit rate management of the Group and the Bank’s retail and commercial banking assets and liabilities, and financial investments designated as available for sale. IRR/RORBB arises principally from mismatches between future yields on assets and their funding costs, as a result of interest/profit rate changes. Analysis of this risk is complicated by having to make assumptions within certain product areas such as the incidence of loan prepayments, and from behavioural assumptions regarding the economic duration of liabilities which are contractually repayable on demand such as current accounts. 80
83. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 4 Financial risk management (Cont’d) d) Market risk management (Cont’d) (ii) Exposure to interest/profit rate risk – non trading portfolios (Cont’d) The Group and the Bank manage market risk in non-trading portfolios by monitoring the sensitivity of projected net interest/finance income under varying interest/profit rate scenarios (simulation modeling). For simulation modeling, a combination of standard scenarios and non-standard scenarios relevant to the local market are used. The standard scenarios monitored monthly include a 100 basis points parallel fall or rise in interest/profit rates and a 25 basis points fall or rise in interest/profit rates at the beginning of each quarter for the next 12 months. The scenarios assume no management action. Hence, they do not incorporate actions that would be taken by the business units to mitigate the impact of the interest/profit rate risk. In reality, the business units would proactively seek to change the interest/profit rate profile to minimise losses and to optimise net revenues. Other simplifying assumptions are made, including that all positions run to maturity. The interest/profit rate sensitivities set out in the table below are illustrative only and are based on simplified scenarios. (iii) Sensitivity of projected Net Interest/Finance Income Change in projected net interest/finance income in next 12 months arising from a shift in profit rates of: Group (RM’000) 31-Dec-15 31-Dec-16 +100bps -100bps +100bps -100bps Basis point parallel shift in yield curve RM USD Others 120,794 2,181 761 123,736 (175,006) (14,385) (14,172) (203,563) 274,428 88,970 3,980 367,378 (274,913) (77,975) (2,428) (355,316) Bank (RM’000) 31-Dec-16 +100bps -100bps Basis point parallel shift in yield curve RM USD Others 143,505 6,948 1,243 151,696 (187,496) (16,589) (14,046) (218,131) 31-Dec-15 +100bps -100bps 229,336 80,009 173 309,518 (229,856) (71,097) 506 (300,447) The increase or decline in economic value for upward and downward rate shocks for measuring interest rate risk/rate of return risk in the banking book are as follows: Change in projected economic value of equity arising from a shift in profit rates of : Group (RM’000) 31-Dec-15 31-Dec-16 +200bps -200bps +200bps -200bps Basis point parallel shift in yield curve RM USD Others 173,566 (4,449) 90,104 259,221 81 (224,962) (13,505) (54,032) (292,499) 302,393 99,357 43,199 444,949 (345,592) (95,037) (30,239) (470,868)
84. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 4 Financial risk management (Cont’d) d) Market risk management (Cont’d) (iii) Sensitivity of projected Net Interest/Finance Income (Cont’d) Change in projected economic value of equity arising from a shift in profit rates of (Cont’d): Bank (RM’000) 31-Dec-15 31-Dec-16 +200bps -200bps +200bps -200bps Basis point parallel shift in yield curve RM USD Others 352,701 26,575 87,260 466,536 (426,058) (37,268) (53,182) (516,508) 341,272 120,957 34,559 496,788 (384,471) (103,677) (25,919) (514,067) (iv) Sensitivity of reported reserves in “other comprehensive income” to interest/profit rate movements Sensitivity of reported reserves in “other comprehensive income” to interest/profit rate movements are monitored on a monthly basis by assessing the expected reduction in valuation of available-for-sale portfolios and cash flow hedges to parallel movements of plus or minus 100 basis points in all yield curves. Group (RM’000) 31-Dec-15 31-Dec-16 +100bps -100bps +100bps -100bps Basis point parallel shift in yield curve RM USD (104,004) (11,996) (116,000) 104,004 11,996 116,000 (129,935) (1,296) (131,231) 129,935 1,296 131,231 Bank (RM’000) 31-Dec-15 31-Dec-16 +100bps -100bps +100bps -100bps Basis point parallel shift in yield curve RM USD (76,958) (11,996) (88,954) 76,958 11,996 88,954 (99,586) (1,296) (100,882) 99,586 1,296 100,882 (v) Foreign exchange risk Foreign exchange risk arises as a result of movements in the relative value of currencies. In addition to VAR and stress testing, the Group and the Bank controls the foreign exchange risk within the trading portfolio by limiting the open exposure to individual currencies, and on an aggregate basis. Group (RM’000) Appreciation/depreciation Impact to profit after income tax expense 31-Dec-16 +1% -1% (376) 376 31-Dec-15 +1% 899 -1% (899) Bank (RM’000) Appreciation/depreciation Impact to profit after income tax expense 31-Dec-16 +1% -1% (347) 347 31-Dec-15 +1% 795 -1% (795) Change in foreign exchange rate has no impact to other comprehensive income as at the reporting date (2015: NIL). 82
85. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 4 Financial risk management (Cont’d) d) Market risk management (Cont’d) (v) Foreign exchange risk (Cont’d) The Group and the Bank measure the foreign exchange sensitivity based on the foreign exchange net open positions (including foreign exchange structural position) under an adverse movement in all foreign currencies against the functional currency – RM. The result implies that the Group and the Bank may be subject to additional translation (losses)/gains if the RM appreciates against other currencies and vice versa. (vi) Specific issuer risk Specific issuer (credit spread) risk arises from a change in the value of debt instruments due to a perceived change in the credit quality of the issuer or underlying assets. As well as VAR and stress testing, the Group and the Bank manages the exposure to credit spread movements within the trading portfolios through the use of limits referenced to the sensitivity of the present value of a basis point movement in credit spreads. (vii) Equity risk Equity risk arises from the holding of open positions, either long or short, in equities or equity based instruments, which create exposure to a change in the market price of the equities or underlying equity instruments. All equity derivative trades in the Group and the Bank are traded on a back-to-back basis with HSBC group offices and therefore have no open exposure. e) Operational risk management The Group Operational Risk function and the operational risk management framework (ORMF) assist business management in discharging their responsibilities. The ORMF defines minimum standards and processes, and the governance structure for operational risk and internal control across the Group and the Bank. (i) Three lines of defence The Three Lines of Defence model is used to delineate management accountabilities and responsibilities over risk management and the control environment, thereby creating a robust control environment to manage inherent risks. The model underpins our approach to strong risk management by defining responsibilities, encouraging collaboration and enabling efficient coordination of risk and control activities. The three lines consists of:  The first line of defence owns the risks and is responsible for identifying, recording, reporting and managing them and ensuring that the right controls and assessments are in pace to mitigate these risks.  The second line of defence sets the policy and guidelines for managing the risks and provides advice, guidance and challenge to the first line of defence on effective risk management.  The third line of defence is Internal Audit which helps the Board and Executive Committee to protect the assets, reputation and sustainability of the Group and the Bank. Activity to strengthen our operational risk culture and to better embed the use of our ORMF continued in 2016. In particular, we continued to streamline our operational risk management processes, procedures and tool sets to provide more forward-looking risk insights and more effective operation of the ORMF. Articulating our risk appetite for material operational risks helps business understand the level of risk our organisation is willing to accept. Monitoring operational risk exposure against risk appetite on a regular basis and implementing our risk acceptance process drives risk awareness in a more forward-looking manner. It assists management in determining whether further action is required. 83
86. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 4 Financial risk management (Cont’d) e) Operational risk management (Cont’d) (ii) Other featured operational risks  Challenges to achieving the Group and the Bank’s strategy in a downturn: businesses and countries have prioritised strategy and annual operating plans to reflect current economic conditions amid increased geopolitical risk. Performance against plan is monitored through a number of means including the use of risk consideration and performance reporting at all relevant management committees.  Internal and external fraud risks: the threat of fraud perpetrated by or against our customers, especially in retail and commercial banking, may increase during adverse economic conditions. We have increased monitoring, root cause analysis and review of internal controls to enhance our defences against external attacks and reduce the level of loss in these areas. In addition, HSBC Group Security and Fraud Risk is working closely with the global businesses to continually assess these threats as they evolve and adapt our controls to mitigate them. The Group and the Bank is also exposed to potential criminal activities and has invested heavily in improving its customer due diligence and transaction monitoring and screening controls.  Third party risks: the Group and the Bank has procedures in place to conduct due diligence and monitor the performance of third party suppliers and service providers in so far as they may affect the Group and the Bank’s ability service its customers.  Regulatory and financial crime compliance: the Group and the Bank’s ability to respond to increasing demands or changes in regulatory and financial crime compliance requirements in the markets in which we operate remains a critical focus for the Bank. A Global Standards programme is being rolled out to ensure implementation of critical regulatory and financial crime compliance requirements. Various conduct and values initiatives have also been initiated to ensure that exposures to mis-selling or market conduct abuses are minimised.  Level of change creating operational complexity: operational stresses may occur during periods of growth as well as during volatile periods in a market downturn. The Operational Risk function engages with business management in business transformation initiatives to ensure the resilience of the internal control environment. This may involve thematic reviews of new initiatives and analysis of loss or indicator trends, as well as participation and discussion of issues or concerns at relevant governance or management committees.  Information security: the security of our information and technology infrastructure is crucial for maintaining our banking applications and processes while protecting our customers and the HSBC brand. A failure of our defences against such attacks could result in financial loss, loss of customer data and other sensitive information which could undermine both our reputation and our ability to retain the trust of our customers.  People Risk: attracting and retaining staff with appropriate skills and expertise across the markets in which we operate remains a challenge. Significant investment is made in training and management development initiatives to equip our staff for the business changes we face and for the implementation of global standards. In operationalising the operational risk management framework, the Group and the Bank operates a control-based environment in which processes are documented, authorisation is independent and transactions are reconciled and monitored. This is supported by an independent programme of periodic reviews undertaken by the Internal Audit function, and by monitoring external operational risk events, which ensures that the Group and the Bank stay in line with best practice and takes account of lessons learned from publicised operational failures within the financial services industry. 84
87. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 4 Financial risk management (Cont’d) e) Operational risk management (Cont’d) (ii) Other featured operational risks (Cont’d) The Group and the Bank adhere to the HSBC Operational Risk Management Framework. This is a set of tools, processes and activities owned by the independent Operational Risk function and used by global business and global functions to support the management of operational risk across the bank. The framework outlines how HSBC manages operational risk by identifying, assessing, monitoring, controlling and mitigating its material risks, rectifying operational risk vulnerabilities and implementing any additional procedures required for compliance with local statutory requirements. The framework covers the following:  operational risk management responsibility is assigned at Senior Management level within the business operation;  information systems are used to record the identification and assessment of operational risks and generate appropriate, regular management reporting;  operational risks are identified by assessments covering operational risks facing each business and risk inherent in processes, activities and products. Risk assessment incorporates a regular review of identified risks to monitor significant changes;  operational risk loss data is collected and reported to Senior Management. Aggregate operational risk losses are recorded and details of incidents above a materiality threshold are reported to the Risk Management Committee, the Board Risk Committee and Audit Committee, as well as Regional Head of Operational Risk Management Asia Pacific; and  risk mitigation, including insurance, is considered where this is cost-effective. The Group and the Bank maintain and test contingency facilities to support operations in the event of disasters. Additional reviews and tests are conducted in the event that the Group and the Bank are affected by a business disruption event to incorporate lessons learned in the operational recovery from those circumstances. f) Capital management Our approach to capital management is driven by our strategic and organisational requirements, taking into account the regulatory, economic and commercial environment in which we operate. It is our objective to maintain a strong capital base to support the development of our business and to meet regulatory capital requirements at all times. The policy on capital management is underpinned by a capital management framework, which enables us to manage our capital in a consistent manner. Our capital management process is articulated in our annual capital plan which is approved by the Board. The plan is drawn up with the objective of maintaining both an appropriate amount of capital and an optimal mix between the different components of capital. In accordance with Capital Management Framework, capital generated by subsidiaries in excess of planned requirements is returned to the parent companies, normally by way of dividends. The Bank is primarily the provider of capital to its subsidiaries and these investments are substantially funded by the Bank’s own capital issuance and profit retention. As part of its capital management process, the Bank seeks to maintain a prudent balance between the composition of its capital and that of its investment in subsidiaries. The principal forms of capital are included in the following balances on the consolidated balance sheet: share capital, other equity instruments, retained profits, other reserves, and subordinated liabilities. 85
88. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 4 Financial risk management (Cont’d) f) Capital management (Cont’d) (i) Externally imposed capital requirements The Group and the Bank’s regulatory capital is analysed in two tiers:  Tier 1 capital is divided into Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) Capital and Additional Tier 1 Capital. CET1 Capital includes ordinary share capital, share premium, capital redemption reserves, retained earnings, statutory reserves and other regulatory adjustments relating to items that are included in equity but are treated differently for capital adequacy purposes. The Group and the Bank do not have any Additional Tier 1 Capital as at 31 December 2016.  Tier 2 capital, which includes qualifying subordinated liabilities, collective impairment allowances (excluding collective impairment allowances attributable to loans/financing classified as impaired), regulatory reserve, and the element of the fair value reserve relating to revaluation of property. (ii) Basel III The Group and the Bank are required to comply with BNM’s Capital Adequacy Framework (Capital Components) Guideline for the purpose of computing regulatory capital adequacy ratios. Under the said Guideline, the Group and the Bank are required to maintain the minimum capital adequacy ratios for Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1), Tier 1 and Total Capital Ratios of 4.5%, 6.0% and 8.0% respectively. With effect from 1 January 2016, banking institutions are also required to maintain capital buffers above the minimum capital adequacy ratios. The capital buffer requirements comprise Capital Conversation Buffer (CCB) of 2.5%, which is to be phased-in from 2016 to 2019, and the Countercyclical Capital Buffer (CCyB) ranging between 0% to 2.5%. CCB is intended to build up capital buffers by individual banking institutions during normal times that can be drawn down during stress periods while CCyB is intended to protect the banking sector as a whole from the build-up of systemic risk during an economic upswing when aggregate credit growth tends to be excessive. In addition, the Group and the Bank are also required to set further buffers to reflect risks not included in the regulatory capital calculation, arising from internal assessment of risks and the results of stress tests. 5 Use of estimates and judgments The results of the Group and the Bank are sensitive to the accounting policies, assumptions and estimates that underlie the preparation of its consolidated financial statements. The significant accounting policies used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements are described in Note 3 to the financial statements. The accounting policies that are deemed critical to the Group and the Bank’s results and financial positions, in terms of the materiality of the items to which the policy is applied, and which involve a high degree of judgment including the use of assumptions and estimation, are discussed below. a) Impairment of loans, advances and financing The Group and the Bank’s accounting policy for losses arising from the impairment of customer loans, advances and financing is described in Note 3(l) to the financial statements. Loan/financing impairment allowances represent management’s best estimate of losses incurred in the loan portfolios at the reporting date. 86
89. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 5 Use of estimates and judgments (Cont’d) a) Impairment of loans, advances and financing (Cont’d) The specific counterparty component of the total allowances for impairment applies to financial assets evaluated individually for impairment and is based upon management’s best estimate of the present value of the cash flows that are expected to be received. In estimating these cash flows, management makes judgments about a counterparty’s financial situation and the net realisable value of any underlying collateral. Each impaired asset is assessed on its merits, and the workout strategy and estimate of cash flows considered recoverable are independently approved by the Credit Risk function. b) Fair value of financial instruments carried at fair value The accounting policies which determine the classification of financial instruments and the use of assumptions and estimation in valuing them are described in Note 3(f)(vi) to the financial statements. The fair value of financial instruments is generally measured on the basis of the individual financial instrument. However, in cases where the Group and the Bank manages a group of financial assets and financial liabilities on the basis of its net exposure to either market risks or credit risk, the Group and the Bank measures the fair value of the group of financial instruments on a net basis, but presents the underlying financial assets and liabilities separately in the financial statements, unless they satisfy the MFRS offsetting criteria as described in Note 3(f)(iv) to the financial statements. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The following table sets out the financial instruments carried at fair value. 2016 Financial Assets Held-for-Trading (Note 8) Financial Investments Available-for-Sale (Note 9) Derivative financial assets (Note 39) Trading liabilities[1] Derivative financial liabilities (Note 39) 2015 Financial Assets Held-for-Trading (Note 8) Financial Investments Available-for-Sale[2] (Note 9) Derivative financial assets (Note 39) Trading liabilities[1] Derivative financial liabilities (Note 39) Level 1 RM'000 1,932,130 5,975,899 1,225 7,909,254 Group Level 2 Level 3 RM'000 RM'000 334,322 414,586 167,559 2,961,125 26,604 3,710,033 194,163 Total RM'000 2,266,452 6,558,044 2,988,954 11,813,450 6,818 1,775 8,593 3,402,593 3,111,193 6,513,786 692,379 14,060 706,439 4,101,790 3,127,028 7,228,818 1,374,391 6,881,644 3,049 8,259,084 122,967 114,957 3,270,504 3,508,428 43,637 43,637 1,497,358 6,996,601 3,317,190 11,811,149 63,560 2,493 66,053 3,947,629 3,415,097 7,362,726 851,737 16,170 867,907 4,862,926 3,433,760 8,296,686 [1] Trading liabilities consist of structured investments, Islamic structured products, negotiable instruments of deposits classified as trading, net short position in securities and settlement accounts classified as held for trading. Structured investments and negotiable instruments of deposits form part of the balance disclosed under Note 19 (Deposits from customers) while Islamic structured products, net short position in securities form part of the balance disclosed under Note 21 (Other Liabilities). [2] Excludes equity securities which are carried at cost due to the lack of quoted prices in an active market or /and the fair values of the investments cannot be reliably measured. 87
90. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 5 Use of estimates and judgments (Cont’d) b) Fair value of financial instruments carried at fair value(Cont’d) 2016 Financial Assets Held-for-Trading (Note 8) Financial Investments Available-for-Sale (Note 9) Derivative financial assets (Note 39) Bank Level 2 RM'000 334,322 414,586 3,061,621 3,810,529 Level 3 RM'000 167,559 26,604 194,163 Total RM'000 2,265,964 5,189,470 3,089,446 10,544,880 6,818 1,771 8,589 2,433,184 3,116,682 5,549,866 692,379 14,060 706,439 3,132,381 3,132,513 6,264,894 1,363,899 5,180,401 3,049 6,547,349 122,967 114,957 3,435,856 3,673,780 49,324 49,324 1,486,866 5,295,358 3,488,229 10,270,453 63,560 2,392 65,952 2,770,469 3,420,305 6,190,774 760,239 16,170 776,409 3,594,268 3,438,867 7,033,135 Level 1 RM'000 1,931,642 4,607,325 1,221 6,540,188 Trading liabilities[3] Derivative financial liabilities (Note 39) 2015 Financial Assets Held-for-Trading (Note 8) Financial Investments Available-for-Sale[4] (Note 9) Derivative financial assets (Note 39) Trading liabilities[3] Derivative financial liabilities (Note 39) [3] Trading liabilities consist of structured investments, negotiable instruments of deposits classified as trading, net short position in securities and settlement accounts classified as held for trading. Structured investments and negotiable instruments of deposits form part of the balance disclosed under Note 19 (Deposits from customers) while short position in securities form part of the balance disclosed under Note 21 (Other Liabilities). [4] Excludes equity securities which are carried at cost due to the lack of quoted prices in an active market or /and the fair values of the investments cannot be reliably measured. (i) Control framework Fair values are subject to a control framework designed to ensure that they are either determined, or validated, by a function independent of the risk-taker. For all financial instruments where fair values are determined by reference to externally quoted prices or observable pricing inputs to models, independent price determination or validation is utilised. In inactive markets, direct observation of a traded price may not be possible. In these circumstances, the Group and the Bank will source alternative market information to validate the financial instrument’s fair value, with greater weight given to information that is considered to be more relevant and reliable. The factors that are considered in this regard are, inter alia:  the extent to which prices may be expected to represent genuine traded or tradable prices;  the degree of similarity between financial instruments;  the degree of consistency between different sources;  the process followed by the pricing provider to derive the data;  the elapsed time between the date to which the market data relates and the balance sheet date; and  the manner in which the data was sourced. 88
91. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 5 b) Use of estimates and judgments (Cont’d) Fair value of financial instruments carried at fair value(Cont’d) (i) Control framework(Cont’d) For fair values determined using valuation models, the control framework may include, as applicable, development or validation by independent support functions of (i) the logic within valuation models; (ii) the inputs to those models; (iii) any adjustments required outside the valuation models; and (iv) where possible, model outputs. Valuation models are subject to a process of due diligence and calibration before becoming operational and are calibrated against external market data on an on-going basis. To this end, ultimate responsibility for the determination of fair values lies within the Finance function, which reports functionally to the HSBC Group Finance Director. Finance establishes the accounting policies and procedures governing valuation, and is responsible for ensuring that these comply with all relevant accounting standards. (ii) Determination of fair value Fair values are determined according to the following hierarchy:  Level 1 – Valuation technique using quoted market price Financial instruments with quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets that the Group and the Bank can access at the measurement date.  Level 2 – Valuation technique using observable inputs Financial instruments with quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for similar instruments in inactive markets and financial instruments valued using models where all significant inputs are observable.  Level 3 – Valuation technique with significant unobservable inputs Financial instruments valued using valuation techniques where one or more significant inputs are unobservable. The judgment as to whether a market is active may include, but is not restricted to, the consideration of factors such as the magnitude and frequency of trading activity, the availability of prices and the size of bid/offer spreads. The bid/offer spread represents the difference in prices at which a market participant would be willing to buy compared with the price at which they would be willing to sell. In inactive markets, obtaining assurance that the transaction price provides evidence of fair value or determining the adjustments to transaction prices that are necessary to measure the fair value of the instrument requires additional work during the valuation process. 89
92. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 5 b) Use of estimates and judgments (Cont’d) Fair value of financial instruments carried at fair value(Cont’d) (iii) Valuation techniques Valuation techniques incorporate assumptions about factors that other market participants would use in their valuations. A range of valuation techniques is employed, dependent on the instrument type and available market data. More sophisticated valuation techniques are based upon discounted cash flow analysis, in which expected future cash flows are calculated and discounted to present value using a discounting curve. Prior to consideration of credit risk, the expected future cash flows may be known, as would be the case for the fixed leg of an interest/profit rate swap, or may be uncertain and require projection, as would be the case for the floating leg of an interest/profit rate swap. Projection utilises market forward curves, if available. In option models, the probability of different potential future outcomes must be considered. In addition, the values of some products are dependent on more than one market factor, and in these cases it will typically be necessary to consider how movements in one market factor may affect the other market factors. The model inputs necessary to perform such calculations include interest/profit rate yield curves, exchange rates, volatilities, correlations, prepayment and default rates. The majority of valuation techniques employ only observable market data. However, certain financial instruments are valued on the basis of valuation techniques that feature one or more significant market inputs that are unobservable, and for them the measurement of fair value is more judgmental. An instrument in its entirety is classified as valued using significant unobservable inputs if, in the opinion of management, a significant proportion of the instrument’s inception profit (day 1 gain or loss) or greater than 5% of the instrument’s carrying value is driven by unobservable inputs. ‘Unobservable’ in this context means that there is little or no current market data available from which to determine the price at which an arm’s length transaction would be likely to occur. It generally does not mean that there is no market data available at all upon which to base a determination of fair value (consensus pricing data may, for example, be used). All fair value adjustments are included within the levelling determination. Structured notes issued and certain other hybrid instrument liabilities are included within trading liabilities and are measured at fair value. The credit spread applied to these instruments is derived from the spreads at which the Group and the Bank issue structured notes. Gains and losses arising from changes in the credit spread of liabilities issued by the Group and the Bank reverse over the contractual life of the debt, provided that the debt is not repaid at a premium or a discount. Changes in fair value are generally subject to a profit and loss analysis process. This process disaggregates changes in fair value into three high level categories; (i) portfolio changes, such as new transactions or maturing transactions, (ii) market movements, such as changes in foreign exchange rates or equity prices, and (iii) other, such as changes in fair value adjustments, discussed below. (iv) Fair value adjustments Fair value adjustments are adopted when the Group and the Bank determines that there are additional factors that would be considered relevant by a market participant that are not incorporated within the valuation model. The Group and the Bank classify fair value adjustments as either ‘risk-related’ or ‘model-related’. The majority of these adjustments are related to Global Banking and Markets. Movements in the level of fair value adjustments do not necessarily result in the recognition of profits or losses within the income statement such as when models are enhanced, fair value adjustments may no longer be required. Similarly, fair value adjustments will decrease when the related positions are unwound.  Risk-related adjustments (i) Bid-offer MFRS 13 requires use of the price within the bid-offer spread that is most representative of fair value. Valuation models will typically generate mid-market values. The bid-offer adjustment reflects the extent to which bid-offer cost would be incurred if substantially all residual net portfolio market risks were closed using available hedging instruments or by disposing of, or unwinding the position. 90
93. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 5 b) Use of estimates and judgments (Cont’d) Fair value of financial instruments carried at fair value(Cont’d) (iv) Fair value adjustments (Cont’d)  Risk-related adjustments (Cont’d) (ii) Uncertainty Certain model inputs may be less readily determinable from market data, and/or the choice of model itself may be more subjective. In these circumstances, there exists a range of possible values that the financial instrument or market parameter may assume and an adjustment may be necessary to reflect the likelihood that in estimating the fair value of the financial instrument, market participants would adopt more conservative values for uncertain parameters and/or model assumptions than those used in the HSBC’s Group valuation model. (iii) Credit valuation adjustment (CVA) The CVA is an adjustment to the valuation of over-the-counter (OTC) derivative contracts to reflect within fair value the possibility that the counterparty may default and the Group and the Bank may not receive the full market value of the transactions. Further detail is provided below. (iv) Debit valuation adjustment(DVA) The DVA is an adjustment to the valuation of OTC derivative contracts to reflect within fair value the possibility that the Group and the Bank may default, and that the Group and the Bank may not pay full market value of the transactions. (v) Funding fair value adjustment (FFVA) The FFVA is calculated by applying future market funding spreads to the expected future funding exposure of any uncollateralised component of the OTC derivative portfolio. This includes the uncollateralised component of collateralised derivatives in addition to derivatives that are fully uncollateralised. The expected future funding exposure is calculated by a simulation methodology, where available and is adjusted for events that may terminate the exposure such as the default of the group or the counterparty. The FFVA and DVA are calculated independently.  Model-related adjustments (i) Model limitation Models used for portfolio valuation purposes may be based upon a simplifying set of assumptions that do not capture all material market characteristics. Additionally, markets evolve, and models that were adequate in the past may require development to capture all material market characteristics in current market conditions. In these circumstances, model limitation adjustments are adopted. As model development progresses, model limitations are addressed within the valuation models and a model limitation adjustment is no longer needed. (ii) Inception profit (Day 1 profit or loss reserves) Inception profit adjustments are adopted where the fair value estimated by a valuation model is based on one or more significant unobservable inputs. 91
94. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 5 b) Use of estimates and judgments (Cont’d) Fair value of financial instruments carried at fair value(Cont’d) (iv) Fair value adjustments (Cont’d)  Credit valuation adjustment/debit valuation adjustment methodology The Group and the Bank calculate a separate CVA and DVA, for each counterparty to which the Group and the Bank have exposure. The Group and the Bank calculate the CVA by applying the probability of default (PD) of the counterparty, conditional on the non-default of the Group and Bank, to the expected positive exposure of the Group and the Bank to the counterparty and multiplying the result by the loss expected in the event of default. Conversely, the Group and the Bank calculate the DVA by applying the PD of the Group and the Bank, conditional on the non-default of the counterparty, to the expected positive exposure of the counterparty to Group and the Bank, and multiplying the result by the loss expected in the event of default. Both calculations are performed over the life of the potential exposure. For most products, the Group and the Bank use a simulation methodology to calculate the expected positive exposure to a counterparty. This incorporates a range of potential exposures across the portfolio of transactions with the counterparty over the life of the portfolio. The simulation methodology includes credit mitigants such as counterparty netting agreements and collateral agreements with the counterparty. The methodologies do not, in general, account for ‘wrong-way risk’. Wrong-way risk arises when the underlying value of the derivative prior to any CVA is positively correlated to the PD by the counterparty. When there is significant wrong-way risk, a trade-specific approach is applied to reflect this risk,in the valuation. With the exception of certain central clearing parties, the Group and the Bank include all third-party counterparties in the CVA and DVA calculations and do not net these adjustments across the Group and the Bank’s entities. The Group and the Bank review and refine the CVA and DVA methodologies on an ongoing basis.  Valuation of uncollateralised derivatives In line with evolving industry practice, FFVA reflects the funding of uncollateralised derivative exposure at rates other than overnight indexed swap rate (OIS). As at 31 December 2016, the FFVA was +RM13.8 million for the Group (2015: +RM10.8 million) and +RM18.8 million for the Bank (2015: +RM15.7 million), which has a one-off impact on trading revenue. This is an area in which a full industry consensus has not yet emerged. The Group will continue to monitor industry evolution and refine the calculation methodology as necessary. 92
95. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 5 Use of estimates and judgments (Cont’d) b) Fair value of financial instruments carried at fair value(Cont’d) (v) Reconciliation of fair value measurements in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy The following table provides a reconciliation of the movement between opening and closing balances of Level 3 financial instruments, measured at fair value using a valuation technique with significant unobservable inputs: Group (RM'000) Balance at 1 January Total gains or losses in profit or loss Issues Settlements Transfer out of Level 3 Balance at 31 December Bank (RM'000) Balance at 1 January Total gains or losses in profit or loss Issues Settlements Transfer out of Level 3 Balance at 31 December [1] [2] Trading Liabilities Derivative financial assets 2015 Derivative financial liabilities 16,170 851,738 30,985 16,025 (3,090)[1] (13,943) 26,604 5,927[1] (8,037) 14,060 18,561[1] (79,396) (98,524) 692,379 26,581[2] (13,929) 43,637 21,445[1] (4) (21,296) 16,170 42,239[1] 105,525 (332,534) (28,528) 851,737 Derivative financial assets 2016 Derivative financial liabilities Trading Liabilities Derivative financial assets 2015 Derivative financial liabilities Trading Liabilities 49,325 16,170 760,239 35,568 18,587 772,654 (2,670)[1] (20,051) 26,604 5,927[1] (8,037) 14,060 19,185[1] (67,250) (19,795) 692,379 48,966[2] (35,210) 49,324 18,883[1] (4) (21,296) 16,170 Derivative financial assets 2016 Derivative financial liabilities 43,637 Trading Liabilities 1,065,035 60,421[1] 20,000 (92,836) 760,239 Denotes losses in the Profit or Loss Denotes gains in the Profit or Loss Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are deemed to occur at the end of the reporting period. For derivative financial assets/liabilities, transfers out of level 3 were due to the maturity of the derivatives or as a result of early termination. For trading liabilities, transfers into level 3 were due to new deals with unobservable volatilities. Transfers out of level 3 resulted from maturity or early termination of the instruments. For trading liabilities, realised and unrealised gains and losses are presented in profit or loss under ‘Net trading income’. 93
96. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 5 Use of estimates and judgments (Cont’d) b) Fair value of financial instruments carried at fair value(Cont’d) (v) Reconciliation of fair value measurements in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy (Cont’d) Total gains or losses included in profit or loss for the financial year in the above tables are presented in the statements of comprehensive income as follows: 2016 Group (RM'000) Total gains or losses included in profit or loss for the financial year ended: -Net trading income Total gains or losses for the year ended included in profit or loss for assets and liabilities held at the end of the financial year -Net trading income Derivative financial assets Derivative financial liabilities Trading liabilities (3,149)[1] 1,774 [1] 83,583 [1] 4,153[1] (65,022)[2] 59[2] 2015 Group (RM'000) Total gains or losses included in profit or loss for the financial year ended: -Net trading income (12,724)[1] (2,858) [2] 60,211 [1] Total gains or losses for the year ended included in profit or loss for assets and liabilities held at the end of the financial year -Net trading income 39,305[2] 24,303[1] (17,973)[2] 2016 Bank (RM'000) Total gains or losses included in profit or loss for the financial year ended: -Net trading income (3,149) [1] Total gains or losses for the year ended included in profit or loss for assets and liabilities held at the end of the financial year -Net trading income 479[2] 1,774 [1] 17,479 [1] 4,153[1] 1,706[1] 2015 Bank (RM'000) Total gains or losses included in profit or loss for the financial year ended: -Net trading income (12,725) [1] (5,419) [2] 53,928 [1] Total gains or losses for the year ended included in profit or loss for assets and liabilities held at the end of the financial year -Net trading income 61,690[2] 24,302[1] 6,493[1] [1] [2] Denotes losses in the Profit or Loss Denotes gains in the Profit or Loss 94
97. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 5 Use of estimates and judgments (Cont’d) b) Fair value of financial instruments carried at fair value(Cont’d) (vi) Quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs in Level 3 valuations Level 3 fair values are estimated using unobservable inputs for the financial assets and liabilities. The following table shows the valuation techniques used in the determination of fair values within Level 3 at Group basis for the current year, as well as the key unobservable inputs used in the valuation models. Type of Financial Instrument Foreign currency options based derivative financial assets/liabilities Valuation Technique Option model Trading liabilities Option model Key unobservable inputs Volatility of foreign currency rates Foreign currency volatility Long term equity volatility Equity/Equity Index Correlation Range of estimates for unobservable input 2016 : 5.81% - 14.50% 2015 : 4.91% - 19.88% 2016 : 2.87% - 18.67% 2015 : 4.91% - 20.47% 2016 : 12.85% - 24.25% 2015 : 12.18% - 30.96% 2016 : 0.48-0.80 2015 : 0.69 (vii) Key unobservable inputs to Level 3 financial instruments  Volatility Volatility is a measure of the anticipated future variability of a market price. Volatility tends to increase in stressed market conditions, and decrease in calmer market conditions. Volatility is an important input in the pricing of options. In general, the higher the volatility, the more expensive the option will be. This reflects both the higher probability of an increased return from the option, and the potentially higher costs that the Group and the Bank may incur in hedging the risks associated with the option. If option prices become more expensive, this will increase the value of the Group and the Bank’s long option positions (i.e. the positions in which the Group and the Bank have purchased options), while the Group and the Bank’s short option positions (i.e. the positions in which the Group and the Bank have sold options) will suffer losses. Volatility varies by underlying reference market price, and by strike and maturity of the option. Volatility also varies over time. Certain volatilities, typically those of a longer-dated nature, are unobservable. The unobservable volatility is then estimated from observable data. For example, longer-dated volatilities may be extrapolated from shorter-dated volatilities. The range of unobservable volatilities quoted in the table reflects the wide variation in volatility inputs by reference to market price. For example, foreign exchange volatilities for a pegged currency may be very low, whereas for non-managed currencies the foreign exchange volatility may be higher. As a further example, volatilities for deep-in-the money or deep-out-of-the-money equity options may be significantly higher than at-the-money options. For any single unobservable volatility, the uncertainty in the volatility determination is significantly less than the range quoted above. 95
98. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont’d) 5 Use of estimates and judgments (Cont’d) b) Fair value of financial instruments carried at fair value(Cont’d) (vii) Key unobservable inputs to Level 3 financial instruments (Cont’d)  Interest rate/cross currency basis Cross currency basis rates represent the difference in interest rates between different currencies. Cross currency basis rates are used to revalue cross currency swaps and may not be observable in more illiquid markets. (ix) Sensitivity of fair values to reasonably possible alternative assumptions As discussed above, the fair values of financial instruments are, in certain circumstances, measured using valuation models that incorporate assumptions that are not supported by prices from observable current market transactions in the same instrument and are not based on observable market data. The following table shows the sensitivity of fair values to reasonably possible alternative assumptions: 2016 Effect on profit or loss Favourable Unfavourable changes changes Group (RM'000) Derivative financial assets Derivative financial liabilities Trading liabilities 1,996 901 130 3,027 (1,996) (901) (130) (3,027) 2015 Effect on profit or loss Favourable Unfavourable changes changes 1,967 457 337 2,761 (1,967) (457) (337) (2,761) Favourable and unfavourable changes are determined on the sensitivity analysis. The sensitivity analysis aims to measure a range of fair values consistent with the application of a 95% confidence interval. Methodologies take account of the nature of the valuation technique employed, as well as the availability and reliability of observable proxy and historical data. When the available data is not amenable to statistical analysis, the quantification of uncertainty is judgmental, but remains guided by the 95% confidence interval. When the fair value of a financial instrument is affected by more than one unobservable assumption, the above table reflects the most favourable or the most unfavourable change from varying the assumptions individually. 96
99. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 6 Cash and Short Term Funds Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Cash and balances with banks and other financial institutions Money at call and interbank placements maturing within one month Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 1,121,507 1,576,991 931,916 1,207,981 15,682,607 16,674,918 14,067,972 13,110,102 16,804,114 18,251,909 14,999,888 14,318,083 Included in cash and short term funds of the Group and the Bank are cash collateral pledged on derivative contracts subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement amounting to RM1,079.0 million (31 December 2015: RM1,356.4 million) and RM1,429.0 million (31 December 2015: RM1,706.4 million) respectively. 7 Deposits and Placements with Banks and Other Financial Institutions Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Licensed banks Bank Negara Malaysia Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 425,000 1,436,400 - 2,439,086 1,436,400 2,635,204 - 1,861,400 - 3,875,486 2,635,204 Included in Deposits and Placements with Banks and Other Financial Institutions of the Bank are placements with the Bank's wholly owned subsidiary, HSBC Amanah Malaysia Berhad (HBMS) of RM2,014.1 million (31 December 2015: RM2,635.2 million). 8 Financial Assets Held-for-Trading Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 At fair value Money market instruments: Malaysian Government treasury bills Islamic treasury bills Bank Negara Malaysia bills and notes Malaysian Government securities Malaysian Government Islamic bonds Islamic fixed rate bonds Cagamas bonds and notes Unquoted: Corporate bonds and Sukuk 97 Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 128,792 29,620 147,681 1,601,737 249,154 8,895 2,452 4,662 32,459 1,160,876 194,887 8,951 2,422 128,792 29,620 147,681 1,601,737 248,666 8,895 2,452 4,662 32,459 1,160,876 194,397 8,951 2,422 2,168,331 1,404,257 2,167,843 1,403,767 98,121 93,101 98,121 83,099 2,266,452 1,497,358 2,265,964 1,486,866
100. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 8 Financial Assets Held-for-Trading (Cont'd) Credit quality of financial assets held-for-trading based on the ratings of Standard & Poor's on the counterparties. Rating Money market instruments: Malaysian Government treasury bills Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 A+ to A- 128,792 4,662 128,792 4,662 Islamic treasury bills A+ to A- 29,620 - 29,620 - Bank Negara Malaysia bills and notes A+ to A- 147,681 32,459 147,681 32,459 Malaysian Government securities A+ to A- 1,601,737 1,160,876 1,601,737 1,160,876 Malaysian Government Islamic bonds A+ to A- 249,154 194,887 248,666 194,397 Islamic fixed rate bonds A+ to A- 8,895 8,951 8,895 8,951 2,452 2,422 2,452 2,422 95,607 2,514 2,266,452 91,401 50 1,650 1,497,358 95,607 2,514 2,265,964 81,399 50 1,650 1,486,866 - Cagamas bonds and notes Unquoted: Corporate bonds (including commercial paper) [1] Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 [1] - [1] A+ to ABBB+ to BBB- Rated separately by another rating agency. All the financial assets held-for-trading as disclosed above are not pledged to any counterparties. 9 Financial Investments Available-for-Sale Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 At fair value Money market instruments: Malaysian Government securities Malaysian Government Islamic bonds Islamic fixed rate Sukuk Cagamas bonds and notes US treasury bond Unquoted: Shares Corporate bonds 98 Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 2,666,063 2,133,363 504,449 414,397 671,742 2,684,851 3,695,010 501,409 114,860 - 2,666,063 764,789 504,449 414,397 671,742 2,684,851 1,993,767 501,409 114,860 - 6,390,014 6,996,130 5,021,440 5,294,887 167,559 471 16,908 471 167,559 471 16,908 471 168,030 17,379 168,030 17,379 6,558,044 7,013,509 5,189,470 5,312,266
101. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 9 Financial Investments Available-for-Sale (Cont'd) The maturity structure of money market instruments held as financial investments available-for-sale is as follows: Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Maturing within one year More than one year to three years More than three years to five years Over five years 10 Loans, Advances and Financing (i) By type 895,867 2,808,372 1,744,117 941,658 608,040 3,677,058 1,797,261 913,771 715,643 2,075,923 1,308,271 921,603 436,330 2,366,184 1,578,602 913,771 6,390,014 6,996,130 5,021,440 5,294,887 Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 At amortised cost Overdrafts/cash line Term loans/financing: Housing loans/financing Syndicated term loans/financing Factoring receivables Hire purchase receivables Lease receivables Other term loans/financing[1] Bills receivable Trust receipts Claims on customers under acceptance credits Staff loans/financing Credit/charge cards Revolving credit Other loans/financing Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 1,224,214 1,147,624 1,126,374 1,057,224 19,496,554 2,409,157 224,757 208,921 2,738 10,504,112 1,100,284 2,104,186 1,869,112 135,101 3,154,850 5,152,622 7,831 19,167,843 2,666,343 272,248 229,552 4,103 12,503,574 3,738,396 1,681,763 2,698,255 164,549 2,827,815 4,789,157 5,502 15,139,920 1,758,891 224,757 6,635,422 990,012 1,641,951 1,364,737 128,908 2,367,140 4,202,461 7,831 14,959,077 1,711,784 272,248 8,635,042 3,521,886 1,078,082 2,080,795 157,040 2,258,457 3,982,459 5,502 Gross loans, advances and financing Less: Allowance for impaired loans, advances and financing - Collectively assessed - Individually assessed 47,594,439 51,896,724 35,588,404 39,719,596 Total net loans, advances and financing 46,894,834 [1] (469,565) (230,040) (444,234) (230,297) 51,222,193 (269,550) (167,283) 35,151,571 (303,970) (161,650) 39,253,976 Included in the loans, advances and financing of the Bank at 31 December 2016 are financing which are disclosed as "Asset under Management" in the financial statements of HBMS. These details are as follows: Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Under SIAF/IAA arrangement Under RPSIA arrangement 99 832,087 - 1,130,134 19,918 832,087 1,150,052
102. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 10 Loans, Advances and Financing (Cont'd) (i) By type (Cont'd) The RPSIA is with the Bank's fully owned subsidiary, HBMS, and the contract is based on the Mudharabah principle where the Bank provides the funds, whilst the assets are managed by HBMS. The profits of the underlying assets are shared based on pre-agreed ratios, whilst risks on the financing are borne by the Bank. Hence, the underlying assets and allowances for impairment arising thereon, if any, are recognised and accounted for by the Bank. Effective 31 March 2015, SIAF/IAA replaces RPSIA for new advances and financing. SIAF/IAA arrangement is with the Bank's wholly owned subsidiary, HBMS, and the contract is based on the Wakalah principle where the Bank, solely or together with other financial institutions provide the funds, whilst the assets are managed by HBMS (as the Wakeel or agent). However, in the arrangement, the profits of the underlying assets are recognised by the Bank propotionately in relation to the funding it provides in the syndication arrangement . At the same time, risks on the financing are also proportionately borne by the Bank. Hence, the underlying assets and allowances for impairment arising thereon, if any, are proportionately recognised and accounted for by the Bank. The recognition and derecognition treatments of the above are in accordance to Note 3(f) on financial instruments. (ii) By type of customer Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Domestic non-bank financial institutions Domestic business enterprises: Small medium enterprises Others Government and statutory bodies Individuals Other domestic entities Foreign entities Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 638,263 694,721 - 24,423 7,130,268 12,872,728 10,316 22,589,526 6,305 4,347,033 8,223,786 14,469,283 13,566 22,308,675 7,374 6,179,319 5,309,204 10,474,991 16,687,675 4,839 3,111,695 6,219,138 11,524,779 16,877,437 5,806 5,068,013 47,594,439 51,896,724 35,588,404 39,719,596 (iii) By residual contractual maturity Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Maturity within one year More than one year to three years More than three years to five years More than five years 100 Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 18,127,142 3,515,403 2,475,446 23,476,448 21,355,694 3,319,943 3,891,796 23,329,291 13,770,956 2,860,890 1,363,990 17,592,568 16,822,828 2,677,241 2,401,563 17,817,964 47,594,439 51,896,724 35,588,404 39,719,596
103. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 10 Loans, Advances and Financing (Cont'd) (iv) By interest/profit rate sensitivity Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Fixed rate: Housing loans/financing Hire purchase receivables Other fixed rate loans/financing Variable rate: BR/BLR/BFR plus Cost-plus (v) By sector 1,341 208,921 9,628,558 2,252 229,552 12,318,223 943 6,844,259 1,117 9,478,120 24,077,415 13,678,204 24,212,548 15,134,149 18,606,188 10,137,014 18,934,600 11,305,759 47,594,439 51,896,724 35,588,404 39,719,596 Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Agricultural, hunting, forestry and fishing Mining and quarrying Manufacturing Electricity, gas and water Construction Real estate Wholesale & retail trade and restaurants & hotels Transport, storage and communication Finance, insurance and business services Household-retail Others Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 1,176,579 384,706 6,351,035 48,252 2,468,451 3,098,856 3,760,487 373,579 2,479,650 26,017,506 1,435,338 1,720,576 479,285 7,521,846 22,666 2,729,566 2,837,599 4,272,413 273,544 3,004,155 25,630,503 3,404,571 1,040,207 166,512 5,163,094 15,345 2,113,806 2,277,002 2,944,164 186,858 1,549,936 19,480,811 650,669 1,096,316 272,991 6,215,602 7,894 2,132,411 2,444,665 3,183,647 107,101 1,968,693 19,556,780 2,733,496 47,594,439 51,896,724 35,588,404 39,719,596 (vi) By purpose Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Purchase of property: Residential Non residential Purchase of securities Purchase of transport vehicles Purchase of fixed assets excluding land & building Consumption credit Construction Working capital Other purpose 101 Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 19,586,996 1,669,618 5,831 30,798 4,068 5,851,404 1,943,074 17,567,239 935,411 19,271,634 1,744,138 6,862 35,792 9,104 5,723,729 2,169,570 20,059,671 2,876,224 15,227,147 816,610 5,831 28,951 3,702 3,957,812 1,599,631 13,624,119 324,601 15,059,601 903,557 6,862 33,670 5,398 4,135,358 1,583,287 15,598,026 2,393,837 47,594,439 51,896,724 35,588,404 39,719,596
104. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 10 Loans, Advances and Financing (Cont'd) (vii) By geographical distribution Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Northern Region Southern Region Central Region Eastern Region Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 6,651,438 6,692,390 31,441,394 2,809,217 7,152,739 7,065,940 34,509,511 3,168,534 5,246,198 5,122,978 22,875,491 2,343,737 5,703,936 5,427,271 25,900,380 2,688,009 47,594,439 51,896,724 35,588,404 39,719,596 Concentration by location for loans, advances and financing is based on the location of the borrower. The Northern region consists of the states of Perlis, Kedah, Penang, Perak, Pahang, Kelantan and Terengganu. The Southern region consists of the states of Johor, Malacca and Negeri Sembilan. The Central region consists of the state of Selangor and the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur. The Eastern region consists of the states of Sabah, Sarawak and the Federal Territory of Labuan. 11 Impaired Loans, Advances and Financing (i) Movements in impaired loans, advances and financing Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Balance at 1 January Classified as impaired during the financial year Reclassified as performing Amount recovered Amount written off 941,081 1,113,363 (503,968) (290,068) (233,455) 688,245 1,181,396 (452,339) (240,611) (235,610) 705,802 754,657 (381,139) (240,237) (115,656) 526,018 861,773 (342,958) (185,717) (153,314) Balance at 31 December 1,026,953 941,081 723,427 705,802 102
105. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 11 Impaired Loans, Advances and Financing (Cont'd) (ii) Movements in allowances for impaired loans, advances and financing Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Collective allowance for impairment Balance at 1 January Made during the financial year Amount released Amount written off Balance at 31 December 444,234 402,500 (186,755) (190,414) 388,060 409,646 (170,108) (183,364) 303,970 191,013 (128,491) (96,942) 263,243 248,706 (103,044) (104,935) 469,565 444,234 269,550 303,970 Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Individual allowance for impairment Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Balance at 1 January Made during the financial year Amount released Amount written off 230,297 110,361 (80,987) (29,631) 234,520 115,782 (93,421) (26,584) 161,650 80,320 (62,872) (11,815) 190,699 69,953 (65,704) (33,298) Balance at 31 December 230,040 230,297 167,283 161,650 (iii) By sector Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Agricultural, hunting, forestry and fishing Manufacturing Construction Real estate Wholesale & retail trade, restaurants & hotels Transport, storage and communication Finance, insurance and business services Household-retail Others Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 63,410 58,611 52,877 1,548 44,973 3,950 25,796 774,858 930 125,667 44,890 44,467 700 58,603 8,668 5,531 651,902 653 63,410 54,573 52,673 1,548 32,664 285 2,450 515,512 312 125,667 23,797 44,263 700 48,931 3,225 4 459,215 - 1,026,953 941,081 723,427 705,802 (iv) By purpose Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Purchase of property: Residential Non residential Purchase of transport vehicles Purchase of fixed assets excluding land & building Consumption credit Construction Working capital Other purpose 103 Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 480,942 20,968 552 358 283,385 52,766 187,954 28 402,093 22,768 688 358 237,962 44,782 232,430 - 345,875 10,081 406 162,168 52,562 152,307 28 307,109 12,513 555 142,192 44,578 198,855 - 1,026,953 941,081 723,427 705,802
106. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 11 Impaired Loans, Advances and Financing (Cont'd) (v) By geographical distribution Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Northern Region Southern Region Central Region Eastern Region 12 183,825 100,367 580,344 162,417 168,686 107,824 464,794 199,777 136,112 69,761 367,701 149,853 114,584 77,557 323,030 190,631 1,026,953 941,081 723,427 705,802 Other Assets Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Settlements Interest/profit receivable Income receivable Deposits and prepayments Amount due from subsidiary company Other receivables 13 Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 7,097 112,285 31,209 3,136 107,912 38,819 94,452 49,816 2,711 94,402 7,097 103,218 25,150 3,064 36,472 92,106 38,819 93,111 34,002 1,799 88 90,912 261,639 280,200 267,107 258,731 Statutory Deposits with Bank Negara Malaysia The non-interest bearing statutory deposits are maintained with Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) in compliance with Section 26(2)c and 26(3) of the Central Bank of Malaysia Act 2009, the amounts of which are determined at set percentages of total eligible liabilities. 14 Investments in Subsidiary Companies Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Unquoted shares, at cost - in Malaysia - The subsidiary companies of the Bank are as follows: Name - Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 660,021 660,021 Percentage of equity held 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 HSBC (Kuala Lumpur) Nominees Sdn Bhd 100% 100% HSBC Nominees (Tempatan) Sdn Bhd 100% 100% HSBC Nominees (Asing) Sdn Bhd 100% 100% HSBC Amanah Malaysia Berhad 100% 100% All income and expenditure arising from the activities of subsidiaries which are nominee companies were recognised in the Bank's results. 15 Investment in a Joint Venture HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad is a joint venture partner in House Network Sdn Bhd (HOUSe). HOUSe's principal activity is the management of the shared Automated Teller Machine network amongst its member banks. The other three joint venture partners of HOUSe are Standard Chartered Bank Malaysia Berhad, United Overseas Bank Malaysia Berhad and OCBC Bank Malaysia Berhad, each holding RM1 paid up ordinary share. As the joint arrangement is immaterial, no further disclosure is made in this financial statements. 104
107. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 16 Property and equipment 2016 Cost or valuation Balance at 1 January Additions Disposals Written off Adjustments for revaluation Balance at 31 December Representing items at: Cost Valuation - 2016 Accumulated depreciation Balance at 1 January Charge for the financial year Disposals Written off Adjustments for revaluation Balance at 31 December Net book value at 31 December Carrying amounts that would have been recognised if land and building were stated at cost Short term Long term Buildings on Freehold leasehold leasehold freehold land land land land RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 Group Buildings on Buildings on Office short term long term equipment, leasehold leasehold fixtures and Computer land land fittings equipment RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 Motor vehicles RM'000 Work in progress RM'000 Total RM'000 121,568 24,972 146,540 16,767 16,563 33,330 5,174 1,876 7,050 122,382 (18,822) 103,560 11,163 3,987 15,150 3,526 2,224 5,750 242,312 9,382 (435) (1,096) 250,163 119,428 3,970 (2,134) (120) 121,144 3,108 1,203 (1,091) 3,220 651 651 645,428 15,206 (3,660) (1,216) 30,800 686,558 146,540 146,540 33,330 33,330 7,050 7,050 103,560 103,560 15,150 15,150 5,750 5,750 250,163 250,163 121,144 121,144 3,220 3,220 651 651 375,178 311,380 686,558 204,990 13,773 (432) (1,091) 217,240 97,237 8,432 (2,050) (120) 103,499 1,815 550 (870) 1,495 - 511 (511) - 136 (136) - 3,221 (3,221) - 318 (318) - 93 (93) - - 304,042 27,034 (3,352) (1,211) (4,279) 322,234 146,540 33,330 7,050 103,560 15,150 5,750 32,923 17,645 1,725 651 364,324 5,203 1,001 1,222 47,758 6,331 2,200 32,923 17,645 1,725 651 116,659 105
108. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 16 Property and equipment (Cont'd) 2015 Cost or valuation Balance at 1 January Additions Disposals Written off Adjustments for revaluation Balance at 31 December Representing items at: Cost Valuation - 2015 Accumulated depreciation Balance at 1 January Charge for the financial year Disposals Written off Adjustments for revaluation Balance at 31 December Net book value at 31 December Carrying amounts that would have been recognised if land and building were stated at cost Short term Freehold leasehold land land RM'000 RM'000 Long term leasehold land RM'000 Buildings on freehold land RM'000 Buildings on short term leasehold land RM'000 Group Buildings on Office long term equipment, leasehold fixtures and land fittings RM'000 RM'000 Computer equipment RM'000 Motor vehicles RM'000 Work in progress RM'000 Total RM'000 113,088 8,480 121,568 16,717 50 16,767 5,074 100 5,174 122,362 20 122,382 11,163 11,163 3,526 3,526 238,372 6,151 (12) (2,199) 242,312 115,346 4,324 (175) (67) 119,428 3,192 299 (383) 3,108 - 628,840 10,774 (570) (2,266) 8,650 645,428 121,568 121,568 16,767 16,767 5,174 5,174 122,382 122,382 11,163 11,163 3,526 3,526 242,312 242,312 119,428 119,428 3,108 3,108 - 364,848 280,580 645,428 - 493 (493) - 130 (130) - 3,138 (3,138) - 309 (309) - 91 (91) - 188,547 18,623 (12) (2,168) 204,990 87,220 10,259 (175) (67) 97,237 1,571 583 (339) 1,815 - 277,338 33,626 (526) (2,235) (4,161) 304,042 121,568 16,767 5,174 122,382 11,163 3,526 37,322 22,191 1,293 - 341,386 5,203 1,035 1,257 50,162 6,665 2,275 37,322 22,191 1,293 - 127,403 106
109. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 16 Property and equipment (Cont'd) 2016 Cost or valuation Balance at 1 January Additions Disposals Written off Adjustments for revaluation Balance at 31 December Representing items at: Cost Valuation - 2016 Accumulated depreciation Balance at 1 January Charge for the financial year Disposals Written off Adjustments for revaluation Balance at 31 December Net book value at 31 December Carrying amounts that would have been recognised if land and building were stated at cost Short term Long term Buildings on Freehold leasehold leasehold freehold land land land land RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 Bank Buildings on Buildings on Office short term long term equipment, leasehold leasehold fixtures and Computer land land fittings equipment RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 Motor vehicles RM'000 Work in progress RM'000 Total RM'000 121,568 24,972 146,540 16,767 16,563 33,330 5,174 1,876 7,050 122,382 (18,822) 103,560 11,163 3,987 15,150 3,526 2,224 5,750 207,243 7,407 (435) (1,096) 213,119 101,002 3,967 (1,984) (120) 102,865 2,809 1,203 (1,091) 2,921 651 651 591,634 13,228 (3,510) (1,216) 30,800 630,936 146,540 146,540 33,330 33,330 7,050 7,050 103,560 103,560 15,150 15,150 5,750 5,750 213,119 213,119 102,865 102,865 2,921 2,921 651 651 319,556 311,380 630,936 - 511 (511) - 136 (136) - 3,221 (3,221) - 318 (318) - 93 (93) - 174,983 10,690 (432) (1,091) 184,150 83,798 6,546 (1,900) (120) 88,324 1,755 490 (870) 1,375 - 260,536 22,005 (3,202) (1,211) (4,279) 273,849 146,540 33,330 7,050 103,560 15,150 5,750 28,969 14,541 1,546 651 357,087 5,203 1,001 1,222 47,758 6,331 2,200 28,969 14,541 1,546 651 109,422 107
110. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 16 Property and equipment (Cont'd) 2015 Cost or valuation Balance at 1 January Additions Disposals Written off Adjustments for revaluation Balance at 31 December Representing items at: Cost Valuation - 2015 Accumulated depreciation Balance at 1 January Charge for the financial year Disposals Written off Adjustments for revaluation Balance at 31 December Net book value at 31 December Carrying amounts that would have been recognised if land and building were stated at cost Short term Freehold leasehold land land RM'000 RM'000 Long term leasehold land RM'000 Buildings on freehold land RM'000 Buildings on short term leasehold land RM'000 Bank Buildings on Office long term equipment, leasehold fixtures and land fittings RM'000 RM'000 Computer equipment RM'000 Motor vehicles RM'000 Work in progress RM'000 Total RM'000 113,088 8,480 121,568 16,717 50 16,767 5,074 100 5,174 122,362 20 122,382 11,163 11,163 3,526 3,526 203,434 6,020 (12) (2,199) 207,243 97,714 3,530 (175) (67) 101,002 2,971 (162) 2,809 - 576,049 9,550 (349) (2,266) 8,650 591,634 121,568 121,568 16,767 16,767 5,174 5,174 122,382 122,382 11,163 11,163 3,526 3,526 207,243 207,243 101,002 101,002 2,809 2,809 - 311,054 280,580 591,634 - 493 (493) - 130 (130) - 3,138 (3,138) - 309 (309) - 91 (91) - 163,466 13,697 (12) (2,168) 174,983 75,893 8,147 (175) (67) 83,798 1,402 515 (162) 1,755 - 240,761 26,520 (349) (2,235) (4,161) 260,536 121,568 16,767 5,174 122,382 11,163 3,526 32,260 17,204 1,054 - 331,098 5,203 1,035 1,257 50,162 6,665 2,275 32,260 17,204 1,054 - 117,115 108
111. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 17 Intangible Assets Computer software Group Bank 2016 Cost Balance at 1 January Additions Written off Balance at 31 December RM'000 RM'000 256,627 18,301 (11,761) 263,167 251,574 18,301 (11,761) 258,114 Accumulated depreciation Balance at 1 January Charge for the financial year Written off At 31 December Accumulated depreciation Accumulated impairment loss 191,925 22,703 (10,192) 204,436 199,269 5,167 186,872 22,703 (10,192) 199,383 194,216 5,167 Net book value at 31 December 58,731 58,731 2015 Cost Balance at 1 January Additions Written off Balance at 31 December RM'000 RM'000 244,651 32,703 (20,727) 256,627 239,558 32,703 (20,687) 251,574 Accumulated depreciation Balance at 1 January Charge for the financial year Written off At 31 December Accumulated depreciation Accumulated impairment loss 183,048 26,517 (17,640) 191,925 186,758 5,167 177,957 26,515 (17,600) 186,872 181,705 5,167 Net book value at 31 December 64,702 64,702 109
112. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 18 Deferred Tax Assets The amounts, prior to offsetting are summarised as follows: Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Deferred tax assets Deferred tax liabilities 103,283 (75,025) 28,258 135,795 (50,794) 85,001 Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 92,239 (74,376) 17,863 128,214 (48,761) 79,453 Deferred tax liabilities and assets are offset above where there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities. Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Deferred tax assets: - settled more than 12 months - settled within 12 months Deferred tax liabilities: - settled more than 12 months - settled within 12 months Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 29,233 74,050 5,386 130,409 24,193 68,046 2,586 125,628 (67,257) (7,768) 28,258 (46,043) (4,751) 85,001 (66,959) (7,417) 17,863 (44,313) (4,448) 79,453 The recognised deferred tax assets and liabilities (before offsetting) are as follows: Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Property and equipment Capital allowances Revaluation Available-for-sale reserve Provision for accrued expenses Deferred income Others temporary differences Lease receivables (14,323) (33,006) (25,629) 76,842 24,308 66 28,258 110 (14,902) (30,007) (5,863) 134,933 862 (22) 85,001 Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 (13,674) (33,006) (27,696) 70,380 21,859 17,863 (14,453) (30,007) (4,301) 127,476 738 79,453
113. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 18 Deferred Tax Assets (Cont'd) Movement in temporary differences during the financial year Group Balance at 1 Jan 2015 RM'000 Recognised in profit or loss RM'000 Recognised in other comprehensive income RM'000 Balance at 31 Dec 2015 / 1 Jan 2016 RM'000 Recognised in profit or loss RM'000 Recognised in other comprehensive income RM'000 Balance at 31 Dec 2016 RM'000 Available-for-sale reserve Provision for accrued expenses Deferred income Lease receivables Other temporary differences Deferred Tax Assets 3,466 117,268 2,074 122,808 17,665 (1,212) 16,453 (3,466) (3,466) 134,933 862 135,795 (58,091) 24,308 66 (862) (34,579) 2,067 2,067 2,067 76,842 24,308 66 103,283 Property and equipment - capital allowances - revaluation Lease receivables Available-for-sale reserve Deferred Tax Liabilities (21,942) (29,177) (36) (51,155) 7,040 629 14 7,683 (1,459) (5,863) (7,322) (14,902) (30,007) (22) (5,863) (50,794) 579 657 22 1,258 (3,657) (21,832) (25,489) (14,323) (33,007) (27,695) (75,025) Net Deferred Tax Assets 71,653 24,136 (10,788) 85,001 (33,321) (23,422) 28,258 111
114. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 18 Deferred Tax Assets (Cont'd) Movement in temporary differences during the financial year (Cont'd) Bank Balance at 1 Jan 2015 RM'000 Recognised in profit or loss RM'000 Recognised in other comprehensive income RM'000 Balance at 31 Dec 2015 / 1 Jan 2016 RM'000 Recognised in profit or loss RM'000 Recognised in other comprehensive income RM'000 Balance at 31 Dec 2016 RM'000 - 70,380 21,859 92,239 Available-for-sale reserve Provision for accrued expenses Deferred income Other temporary differences Deferred Tax Assets 1,417 110,274 2,051 113,742 17,202 (1,313) 15,889 (1,417) (1,417) 127,476 738 128,214 (57,096) 21,859 (738) (35,975) Property and equipment - capital allowances - revaluation Available-for-sale reserve Deferred Tax Liabilities (20,669) (29,177) (49,846) 6,216 629 6,845 (1,459) (4,301) (5,760) (14,453) (30,007) (4,301) (48,761) 779 657 1,436 (3,657) (23,394) (27,051) (13,674) (33,007) (27,695) (74,376) Net Deferred Tax Assets 63,896 22,734 (7,177) 79,453 (34,539) (27,051) 17,863 112
115. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 19 (i) Deposits from Customers Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 By type of deposit At amortised cost Demand deposits Savings deposits Fixed/Investment deposits Repurchase agreements Wholesale money market deposits Negotiable instruments of deposit At fair value Structured investments Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 19,695,534 13,182,399 24,355,592 59,783 418,226 641,776 58,353,310 20,391,898 13,232,616 25,627,793 140,412 497,383 759,821 60,649,923 17,793,237 11,555,217 19,218,332 418,226 641,776 49,626,788 18,534,667 11,643,195 19,828,734 497,383 759,821 51,263,800 2,483,788 60,837,098 2,770,887 63,420,810 2,483,788 52,110,576 2,770,887 54,034,687 Structured investments and negotiable instruments of deposits (included as customer deposits) are measured at fair value over the life of the instruments. Structured investments are deposits with embedded derivatives, of which both interest paid and fair valuation on the structured investments are recorded in net trading income, as per the accounting policy in Note 3(i), and respective fair value on trading liabilities is shown in Note 5(b). The maturity structure of fixed/investment deposits and negotiable instruments of deposit is as follows: Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Due within six months More than six months to one year More than one year to three years More than three years to five years (ii) 19,400,668 5,155,699 327,056 113,945 24,997,368 Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 By type of customer Government and statutory bodies Business enterprises Individuals Others 20 20,002,882 5,241,926 1,088,277 54,529 26,387,614 26,145 20,114,260 27,629,617 13,067,076 60,837,098 40,167 22,005,082 28,564,864 12,810,697 63,420,810 Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 15,023,894 4,420,541 307,346 108,327 19,860,108 15,096,219 4,393,641 1,046,214 52,481 20,588,555 Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 19,716 18,088,116 23,045,734 10,957,010 52,110,576 31,319 19,625,098 23,498,950 10,879,320 54,034,687 Deposits and Placements from Banks and Other Financial Institutions Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Licensed banks Bank Negara Malaysia Other financial institutions 774,180 63,486 5,733,527 6,571,193 113 1,139,449 49,614 6,773,303 7,962,366 Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 774,180 35,070 5,733,527 6,542,777 1,139,470 5,496,135 6,635,605
116. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 21 Other Liabilities Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 At amortised cost Settlements Interest/profit payable Deferred income Marginal deposit Amount due to subsidiary company Accrued expenses Other creditors At fair value Islamic structured products [1] [1] 22 Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 71,943 252,014 102,972 74,396 363,332 594,696 1,459,353 191,926 266,260 106,144 84,320 609,563 874,516 2,132,729 71,943 190,475 91,686 51,635 45,132 337,097 541,168 1,329,136 191,926 197,348 94,768 65,863 209,358 579,214 807,676 2,146,153 969,409 2,428,762 1,268,657 3,401,386 1,329,136 2,146,153 Islamic structured products are measured at fair value over the life of the instruments. Islamic structured products are deposits with embedded derivatives, of which both profit paid and fair valuation on the Islamic structured products are recorded in net trading income, as per accounting policy in Note 3(i), and respective fair value on trading liabilities is shown in Note 5(b). Multi-Currency Sukuk Programme Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Multi-Currency Sukuk Programme (MCSP) 1,756,001 1,749,823 HSBC Amanah Malaysia Berhad, a subsidiary of the Bank, issued the following series of 5-year Sukuk under its RM3 billion MCSP: Issuance under MCSP At amortised cost 1st series at amortised cost At fair value 2nd series 3rd series Total Nominal Value (RM'000) Issue Date Maturity Date 500,000 28 Sep 2012 28 Sep 2017 500,000 500,000 500,000 750,000 1,250,000 1,750,000 16 Oct 2014 27 Mar 2015 16 Oct 2019 27 Mar 2020 502,835 753,166 1,256,001 1,756,001 500,641 749,182 1,249,823 1,749,823 Movement in MCSP 2nd series 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 500,641 501,854 4,282 1,374 (2,088) (2,587) 502,835 500,641 Balance at 1 January New issuance during the financial year Change in fair value other than from own credit risk Change in fair value from own credit risk Balance at 31 December Carrying Value (RM'000) 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 3rd series 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 749,182 750,000 7,565 (7,020) (3,581) 6,202 753,166 749,182 Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 The cumulative change in fair value due to changes in own credit risk (5,669) 114 3,615
117. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 23 Subordinated Liabilities Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Subordinated Liabilities (i) Subordinated liabilities, at par Fair value changes arising from fair value hedge Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 1,648,824 1,621,340 1,648,824 1,621,340 1,000,000 2,559 1,002,559 1,000,000 2,879 1,002,879 1,000,000 2,559 1,002,559 1,000,000 2,879 1,002,879 (a) 4.35% coupon rate for RM500 million due 2022 callable with a 100 bp step up coupon in 2017 (b) 5.05% coupon rate for RM500 million due 2027 callable with a 100 bp step up coupon in 2022 The unsecured subordinated liabilities qualify as a component of Tier 2 capital of the Bank. Under the Capital Adequacy Framework (Capital Components), the par value of the subordinated liabilities are amortised on a straight line basis, with 10% of the par value phased out each year, with effect from 2013 for regulatory capital base purposes. Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 (ii) Subordinated term loan - First tranche issued on 25 June 2014 - Second tranche issued on 30 June 2015 348,508 297,757 646,265 333,515 284,946 618,461 Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 348,508 297,757 646,265 333,515 284,946 618,461 The subordinated term loans comprised two tranches of Basel III compliant Tier 2 subordinated loans of USD equivalent of RM250 million each from the Bank's immediate holding company, HBAP. The tenor for both the subordinated term loans is 10 years from the utilisation date with interest payable quarterly in arrears. The subordinated term loans constitute direct, unsecured and subordinated obligations of the Bank. The Bank further invested a similar amount into HBMS. 24 Share Capital Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Authorised 1 billion ordinary shares of RM0.50 each 1 billion preference shares of RM0.50 each Issued and Fully Paid 229 million ordinary shares of RM0.50 each At 1 January/31 December 115 Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 500,000 500,000 1,000,000 500,000 500,000 1,000,000 500,000 500,000 1,000,000 500,000 500,000 1,000,000 114,500 114,500 114,500 114,500
118. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 25 Reserves Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Share premium Statutory reserve Revaluation reserve Capital redemption reserve Available-for-sale reserve Capital contribution reserve Regulatory reserve Retained profits (exclude proposed dividends) 741,375 164,500 216,229 190,000 81,157 83,841 284,000 6,853,762 8,614,864 741,375 164,500 186,962 190,000 18,569 95,953 284,000 6,052,662 7,734,021 Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 741,375 114,500 216,229 190,000 87,704 83,438 250,000 6,070,467 7,753,713 741,375 114,500 186,962 190,000 13,623 94,895 250,000 5,350,760 6,942,115 The statutory reserve is maintained in compliance with Section 12 of the Financial Services Act 2013 (FSA) for the Bank and Section 12 of the Islamic Financial Services Act 2013 (IFSA) for its Islamic subsidiary respectively, and is not distributable as cash dividends. The capital redemption reserve is maintained in compliance with Section 61 of the Companies Act, 1965 arising from the full redemption of RM190 million cumulative redeemable preference shares. The capital contribution reserve is maintained to record the amount relating to share options granted to employees of the Group and the Bank directly by HSBC Holding Plc. The regulatory reserve is maintained in compliance with paragraph 13 of BNM's policy document on Classification and Impairment Provisions for Loans/ Financing and subsequent circular issued on 4 February 2014, to maintain, in aggregate, collective impairment allowance and regulatory reserve of no less than 1.2% of gross loans, advances, and financing, net of individual impairment allowance. The regulatory reserve is debited against retained profit. The Malaysian Finance Act 2007 introduced the single tier tax system with effect from 1 January 2008. Under this system, tax on a company's profits is a final tax and dividends are tax exempt in the hands of shareholders. 26 Net Interest Income Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Interest income Loans and advances - Interest income other than from impaired loans - Interest income recognised from impaired loans Money at call and deposit placements with financial institutions Financial investments available-for-sale Interest expense Deposits and placements of banks and other financial institutions Deposits from customers Subordinated liabilities Others Net interest income 1,603,814 41,784 467,287 1,656,735 39,104 493,598 1,603,814 41,784 540,829 1,656,735 39,104 562,092 203,211 312,054 203,211 312,054 2,316,096 2,501,491 2,389,638 2,569,985 (40,671) (115,172) (40,671) (115,172) (746,317) (61,966) (11,214) (804,365) (56,357) (11,114) (746,317) (61,966) (11,214) (804,365) (56,357) (11,114) (860,168) (987,008) (860,168) (987,008) 1,455,928 116 Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 1,514,483 1,529,470 1,582,977
119. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 27 Net Fee and Commission Income Group Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 Fee and commission income Credit cards Service charges Credit facilities Agency Others Fee and commission expense Credit cards Interbank and clearing Brokerage Intergroup Debit cards Cash management Others Net fee and commission income 28 149,349 138,471 57,155 75,925 35,899 162,851 162,556 59,798 62,694 38,278 149,349 138,471 57,155 75,925 35,929 162,851 162,556 59,798 62,694 38,308 456,799 486,177 456,829 486,207 (53,924) (1,611) (1,780) (8,998) (3,649) (3,199) (5,806) (48,221) (1,403) (2,323) (12,679) (4,263) (3,553) (4,779) (53,924) (1,611) (1,780) (8,998) (3,649) (3,199) (5,806) (48,221) (1,403) (2,323) (12,679) (4,263) (3,553) (4,780) (78,967) (77,221) (78,967) (77,222) 377,832 408,956 377,862 408,985 Net Trading Income Group Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 Realised gains on financial assets/liabilities held-for-trading and other financial instruments Net interest expense from financial assets held-for-trading Net unrealised (losses)/gains on revaluation of financial assets held-for-trading Net realised gains arising from dealing in foreign currency Net unrealised (losses)/gains from dealing in foreign currency Net realised gains arising from dealing in derivatives Net unrealised losses on revaluation of derivatives (Losses)/gains arising from fair value hedges 117 66,718 (6,500) 116,682 (23,815) 66,718 (6,500) 116,682 (23,815) (24,720) 548,658 (120,805) 55,590 (9,830) (2,849) 18,523 292,482 163,357 51,768 (4,153) 173 (24,720) 547,424 (67,407) 60,123 (16,802) (2,849) 18,523 282,172 199,072 48,812 (12,416) 173 506,262 615,017 555,987 629,203
120. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 29 Income from Islamic Banking operations Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Income derived from investment of depositor funds and others Income derived from investment of shareholders funds [1] Income attributable to the depositors [1] 30 Included in income derived from investment of shareholders funds of the Group at 31 December are net gains/(losses) on financial instruments designated at fair value through profit or loss. 735,992 133,736 (277,606) 732,672 119,876 (307,015) 592,122 545,533 4,187 (1,839) Other Operating Income Group Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 Disposal of financial investments available-for-sale Dividend income from financial investments available-for-sale - Unquoted in Malaysia Rental income Net gains on disposal of property and equipment Net upwards revaluation on property Income recharges from subsidiary Other operating income 31 25,701 28,228 25,701 28,228 1,450 6,345 84 73 18,304 1,450 6,569 78 22 25,636 1,450 6,345 84 73 128,375 18,304 1,450 6,569 78 22 123,267 25,636 51,957 61,983 180,332 185,250 Loans/Financing Impairment Charges and other Credit Risk Provisions Group Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 Impairment charges on loans and financing: (a) Individual allowance for impairment Made during the financial year Released during the financial year 110,361 (80,987) 115,782 (93,421) 80,320 (62,872) 69,953 (65,704) (b) Collective allowance for impairment Made during the financial year Released during the financial year 402,500 (186,755) 409,646 (170,108) 191,013 (128,491) 248,706 (103,044) Impaired loans and financing Recovered during the financial year Written off (92,795) 16,299 (102,380) 10,086 (60,930) 12,718 (70,151) 7,358 Impairment charges on other credit related items Made during the financial year Released during the financial year 49 (168) 168,504 118 130 169,735 49 (168) 31,639 130 87,248
121. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 32 Other Operating Expenses Group Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 Personnel expenses Promotion and marketing related expenses Establishment related expenses General administrative expenses 710,426 60,476 153,143 568,336 732,360 67,444 164,778 531,202 669,379 50,276 134,137 536,628 685,226 56,806 143,885 505,958 1,492,381 1,495,784 1,390,420 1,391,875 542,241 89,868 78,317 551,613 90,595 90,152 509,758 84,213 75,408 513,902 84,129 87,195 710,426 732,360 669,379 685,226 Promotion and marketing related expenses 60,476 67,444 50,276 56,806 Establishment related expenses Depreciation of property and equipment Amortisation of intangible assets Intangible assets written off Information technology costs Hire of equipment Rental of premises Property and equipment written off General repairs and maintenance Utilities Others 27,034 22,703 1,569 20,733 9,385 38,334 5 11,885 15,667 5,828 33,626 26,517 3,087 17,159 9,525 43,758 31 8,658 15,592 6,825 22,005 22,703 1,569 18,064 9,380 30,412 5 11,885 13,770 4,344 26,520 26,515 3,087 14,248 9,525 35,595 31 8,658 13,712 5,994 153,143 164,778 134,137 143,885 376,075 373,351 374,867 372,364 425 491 52 24,422 20,437 146,434 425 451 509 12,236 20,800 123,430 325 293 44 22,674 19,207 119,218 325 293 440 9,402 19,453 103,681 568,336 531,202 536,628 505,958 Personnel expenses Salaries, allowances and bonuses Employees Provident Fund contributions Others General administrative expenses Group recharges Auditors' remuneration Statutory audit fees Audit related fees Other services Professional fees Communication Others Included in professional fees are fees paid to the Shariah Committee members of HBMS: Group Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 Shariah Committee members 404 119 399 - -
122. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 33 Tax expense Group Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 Malaysian income tax - Current year - Prior years Total current tax recognised in profit or loss Deferred tax Origination and reversal of temporary differences - Current year Total Tax expense 295,875 (4,230) 291,645 394,952 6,122 401,074 274,025 (3,829) 270,196 362,120 6,453 368,573 33,322 (24,136) 34,540 (22,734) 324,967 376,938 304,736 345,839 A numerical reconciliation between the tax expense and the accounting profit multiplied by the applicable tax rate is as follows: Group Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 Profit before income tax 1,323,216 1,480,453 1,221,592 1,327,292 Income tax using Malaysian tax rates 317,572 370,113 293,182 331,823 Non-deductible expenses Tax exempt income (Overprovision)/Underprovision in respect of prior years Tax expense 18,826 (7,202) (4,229) 324,967 9,475 (8,772) 6,122 376,938 15,730 (348) (3,828) 304,736 7,926 (363) 6,453 345,839 The corporate tax rate will be reduced to 24% with effect Year of Assessment (YA) 2016 (25% for YA 2015). Consequently, deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using these tax rates. 34 Earnings per Share The earnings per ordinary share have been calculated based on profit for the financial year and 229,000,000 (2015: 229,000,000) ordinary shares of RM0.50 each in issue during the financial year. 35 Significant Related Party Transactions and Balances For the purpose of these financial statements, parties are considered to be related to the Group if : i. the Group or the Bank has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial or operational decisions, or vice versa, or ii. where the Group or the Bank and the party are subject to common control or common significant influence. Related parties may be individuals or other entities. The related parties of the Group and the Bank comprise: i. the Bank's immediate holding bank and ultimate holding company (hereinafter collectively referred to as parent); ii. the Bank's subsidiaries; iii. associated companies of the Bank's ultimate holding company; iv. key management personnel who are defined as those person having authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the Group and the Bank. Key management personnel include all members of the Board of Directors of HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad and its subsidiaries (including close family members). Transactions, arrangements and agreements are entered into by the Group and the Bank with companies that may be controlled/jointly controlled by the Key Management Personnel of the Group and the Bank and their close family members. 120
123. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 35 Significant Related Party Transactions and Balances (a) The significant transactions and outstanding balances of the Group and the Bank with its related parties are as follows: Group 2016 2015 Other Key Other Key related management related management Parent companies personnel Parent companies personnel RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 152 861 - 884 436 - - - 195 - - 309 7,245 34,214 - 19,397 34,446 - 4,905 12,302 11,833 46,908 195 3,568 23,849 16,850 51,732 309 37,800 7,060 - 27,117 17,468 - - - 515 - - 546 3,077 6,220 - 5,199 7,680 - 227,702 268,579 148,373 161,653 515 239,850 272,166 133,501 158,649 546 961,869 510,694 - 1,088,235 540,364 - - - 10,611 - - 15,807 132,547 437,629 - 258,514 405,321 - 1,413 1,095,829 12,613 960,936 10,611 1,462 1,348,211 22,695 968,380 15,807 2,797,944 1,537,958 - 3,928,833 2,006,380 - - - 26,782 - - 22,840 Derivative financial liabilities 1,111,842 87,955 - 1,363,385 134,116 - Other liabilities 21,465 3,931,251 72,892 1,698,805 26,782 266,400 5,558,618 91,567 2,232,063 22,840 Income Interest/finance income on deposits and placements with banks and other financial institutions Interest/finance income on deposits from customers Fees and commission Other income Expenditure Interest/finance expense on deposits and placements from banks and other financial institutions Interest/finance expense on deposits from customers Fees and commission Operating expenses Amount due from Deposits and placements with banks and other financial institutions Loans, advances and financing Derivative financial assets Other assets Amount due to Deposit and placements from banks and other financial institutions Deposit from customers All transactions of the Group and Bank and its related parties are made in the ordinary course of business. 121
124. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 35 Significant Related Party Transactions and Balances (Cont'd) Bank 2016 Other Subsidiary Key related management Parent bank companies personnel RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 73,542 861 - - - - 192 7,245 30 28,593 - 4,905 12,302 128,375 201,947 11,828 41,282 192 37,800 - 4,035 - - - - 511 3,077 - 5,935 - 227,702 268,579 3,023 3,023 144,142 154,112 511 961,869 2,569,451 431,141 - - - - 7,722 132,547 477,434 437,625 - 1,413 1,095,829 40,377 3,087,262 12,613 881,379 7,722 2,797,944 - 1,478,867 - - - - 25,759 Derivative financial liabilities 1,111,842 18,806 87,953 - Other liabilities 21,465 3,931,251 45,132 63,938 71,518 1,638,338 25,759 Income Interest/finance income on deposits and placements with Banks and other financial institutions 152 Interest/finance income on deposits from customers Fees and commission Other income Expenditure Interest/finance expense on deposits and placements from Banks and other financial institutions Interest/finance expense on deposits from customers Fees and commission Operating expenses Amount due from Deposits and placements with banks and other financial institutions Loans, advances and financing Derivative financial assets Other assets Amount due to Deposit and placements from banks and other financial institutions Deposit from customers All transactions of the Group and Bank and its related parties are made in the ordinary course of business. 122
125. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 35 Significant Related Party Transactions and Balances (Cont'd) Bank 2015 Other Key Subsidiary related management Parent bank companies personnel RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 884 68,494 436 - - - - 126 Fees and commission 19,397 30 22,826 - Other income 3,568 23,849 123,267 191,791 16,845 40,107 126 27,117 - 6,516 - - - - 544 5,199 1 7,480 - 239,850 272,166 3,297 3,298 129,217 143,213 544 1,088,235 3,451,768 260,159 - - - - 8,481 258,514 461,565 403,968 - 1,462 1,348,211 10,784 3,924,117 21,653 685,780 8,481 3,928,833 - 647,487 - - - - 21,927 Derivative financial liabilities 1,363,385 16,773 134,115 - Other liabilities 266,400 5,558,618 209,358 226,131 89,242 870,844 21,927 Income Interest/finance income on deposits and placements with Banks and other financial institutions Interest/finance income on deposits from customers Expenditure Interest/finance expense on deposits and placements from Banks and other financial institutions Interest/finance expense on deposits from customers Fees and commission Operating expenses Amount due from Deposits and placements with banks and other financial institutions Loans, advances and financing Derivative financial assets Other assets Amount due to Deposit and placements from banks and other financial institutions Deposit from customers All transactions of the Group and Bank and its related parties are made in the ordinary course of business. 123
126. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 35 Significant Related Party Transactions and Balances (Cont'd) (b) Key management personnel compensation The key management personnel compensation are as follow: Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Directors of the Bank and its subsidiaries: - Fees - Remuneration - Other short term employee benefits (including estimated monetary value of benefits-in-kind) Total short-term employee benefits - Share-based payments Other key management personnel: - Short-term employee benefits - Share-based payments Total key management personnel compensation 124 Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 1,050 2,973 4,815 1,165 6,029 1,929 580 2,973 4,815 650 4,246 1,198 8,838 2,792 11,630 9,123 6,744 15,867 8,368 2,792 11,160 6,094 5,922 12,016 19,410 3,809 23,219 16,796 4,331 21,127 18,475 3,809 22,284 16,796 4,331 21,127 34,849 36,994 33,444 33,143
127. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 35 Significant Related Party Transactions and Balances (Cont'd) (b) Directors/CEO' Remuneration The remuneration of the members of the Board of Directors/CEO of HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad and its subsidiaries, charged to the statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income during the financial year are as follows: 2016 Salaries and bonuses Group (RM'000) Other short term employee benefits Benefits-in kind Fees Total Executive Directors of the Bank Mukhtar Malik Hussain (CEO) 2,973 4,556 259 - 7,788 - - - 98 98 - - - 38 38 - - - 101 101 - - - 132 132 - - - 11 11 Lee Choo Hock - - - 210 210 Mohamed Ashraf bin Mohamed Iqbal Mohamed Ross bin Mohd Din [4] - - - 106 106 Non Executive Directors of the Bank and subsidiary Adil Ahmad Albert Quah Chei Jin [1] Azlan bin Abdullah Choo Yoo Kwan @ Choo Yee Kwan [2] Datuk Shireen Ann Zaharah Muhiudeen [3] - - - 34 34 [5] - - - 24 24 Tan Kar Leng @ Chen Kar Leng - - - 133 133 2,973 4,556 259 163 1,050 163 8,838 205 106 4 - 315 Seow Yoo Lin Tan Sri Dato' Tan Boon Seng @ Krishnan CEO of the subsidiary Arsalaan Ahmed [6] [1] Appointed on 5 September 2016 [2] Appointed on 11 February 2016 [3] Resigned on 2 February 2016 [4] Retired on 13 April 2016 [5] Resigned on 14 March 2016 [6] Appointed on 17 October 2016 125
128. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 35 Significant Related Party Transactions and Balances (Cont'd) (b) Key management personnel compensation (Cont'd) 2015 Group (RM'000) Other short Salaries and term employee bonuses benefits Benefits-in kind Fees Total Executive Directors of the Bank Mukhtar Malik Hussain (CEO) 4,246 810 388 - 5,444 Executive Director of subsidiary Mohamed Rafe bin Mohamed Haneef [1] 1,783 579 152 - 2,514 Adil Ahmad - - - 88 88 Azlan bin Abdullah Ching Yew Chye @ Chng Yew Chye [2] - - - 99 99 - - - 123 123 Datuk Shireen Ann Zaharah Muhiudeen - - - 116 116 Lee Choo Hock - - - 135 135 Mohamed Ashraf bin Mohamed Iqbal - - - 102 102 Mohamed Ross bin Mohd Din - - - 113 113 Seow Yoo Lin - - - 113 113 Tan Kar Leng @ Chen Kar Leng - - - 127 127 6,029 1,389 540 149 1,165 149 9,123 Non Executive Directors of the Bank and subsidiary Tan Sri Dato' Tan Boon Seng @ Krishnan [1] Resigned on 31 December 2015 [2] Resigned on 30 October 2015 126
129. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 35 Significant Related Party Transactions and Balances (Cont'd) (b) Key management personnel compensation (Cont'd) 2016 Salaries and bonuses Bank (RM'000) Executive Directors of the Bank Mukhtar Malik Hussain (CEO) Other short term employee benefits Benefits-in kind Fees Total 2,973 4,556 259 - 7,788 - - - 132 132 - - - 11 11 Lee Choo Hock - - - 141 141 Tan Kar Leng @ Chen Kar Leng - - - 133 133 2,973 4,556 259 163 580 163 8,368 Non Executive Directors of the Bank Choo Yoo Kwan @ Choo Yee Kwan [1] Datuk Shireen Ann Zaharah Muhiudeen [2] Tan Sri Dato' Tan Boon Seng @ Krishnan 2015 Bank (RM'000) Other short Salaries and term employee bonuses benefits Benefits-in kind Fees Total Executive Directors of the Bank Mukhtar Malik Hussain (CEO) 4,246 810 388 - 5,444 Non Executive Directors of the Bank Ching Yew Chye @ Chng Yew Chye [3] - - - 123 123 Datuk Shireen Ann Zaharah Muhiudeen - - - 116 116 Lee Choo Hock - - - 135 135 Tan Kar Leng @ Chen Kar Leng - - - 127 127 4,246 810 388 149 650 149 6,094 Tan Sri Dato' Tan Boon Seng @ Krishnan [1] Appointed on 11 February 2016 [2] Resigned on 2 February 2016 [3] Resigned on 30 October 2015 127
130. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 35 Significant Related Party Transactions and Balances (Cont'd) (b) Key management personnel compensation (Cont'd) Group Total value of remuneration awards for the financial year 31 Dec 2016 Unrestricted Deferred RM'000 RM'000 Fixed remuneration Cash Shares and share-linked instruments 31 Dec 2015 Unrestricted Deferred RM'000 RM'000 13,374 151 13,525 - 10,454 3,040 13,494 - 6,078 2,675 8,753 2,720 3,287 6,007 5,550 3,534 9,084 2,711 5,066 7,777 22,278 6,007 22,578 7,777 Variable remuneration Cash Shares and share-linked instruments Number of officers having received a variable remuneration during the financial year: 13 (2015: 12) 31 Dec 2016 Amount Number RM'000 31 Dec 2015 Amount Number RM'000 Outstanding deferred remuneration Cash Shares and share-linked instruments 5 10 4,833 19,435 24,268 5 10 4,385 17,780 22,165 Deferred remuneration paid out 10 4,930 10 7,373 128
131. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 35 Significant Related Party Transactions and Balances (Cont'd) (b) Key management personnel compensation (Cont'd) Bank Total value of remuneration awards for the financial year 31 Dec 2016 Unrestricted Deferred RM'000 RM'000 Fixed remuneration Cash 12,883 Shares and share-linked instruments 151 13,034 Variable remuneration Cash Shares and share-linked instruments 31 Dec 2015 Unrestricted Deferred RM'000 RM'000 9,084 3,040 12,124 - 5,918 2,675 8,593 2,720 3,287 6,007 5,434 3,534 8,968 2,711 5,066 7,777 21,627 6,007 21,092 7,777 Number of officers having received a variable remuneration during the financial year: 11 (2015: 11) 31 Dec 2016 Amount Number RM'000 31 Dec 2015 Amount Number RM'000 Outstanding deferred remuneration Cash Shares and share-linked instruments 5 10 4,833 19,435 24,268 4 9 4,109 17,072 21,181 Deferred remuneration paid out 10 4,930 9 6,908 129
132. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 36 Credit exposure to connected parties Group Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 5,029,677 5,179,948 4,192,783 4,632,190 Aggregate value of outstanding credit exposures to connected parties As a percentage of total credit exposures 6.9% 6.7% 7.3% 7.5% Aggregate value of total outstanding credit exposures to connected parties which is impaired or in default As a percentage of total credit exposures 130 - - - - - - - -
133. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 37 Capital Adequacy Group 31 Dec 2016 RM'000 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 Tier 1 capital Paid-up ordinary share capital Share premium 114,500 741,375 114,500 741,375 Retained profits (including proposed dividend) Other reserves Regulatory adjustments 6,853,762 1,078,361 (804,852) 6,052,662 975,854 (721,699) Total Common Equity Tier 1 (CET 1) and Tier 1 capital 7,983,146 7,162,692 600,000 646,265 583,984 112,156 700,000 618,461 613,313 97,636 Total Tier 2 capital 1,942,405 2,029,410 Capital base 9,925,551 9,192,102 Tier 2 capital Subordinated liabilities Subordinated term loan Collective impairment allowance (unimpaired portion) & regulatory reserves Regulatory adjustments Inclusive of proposed dividend CET 1 and Tier 1 Capital ratio Total Capital ratio 14.344% 17.834% 12.099% 15.527% Net of proposed dividend CET 1 and Tier 1 Capital ratio Total Capital ratio 13.985% 17.475% 12.099% 15.527% The total capital and capital adequacy ratios of the Group have been computed based on Standardised Approach in accordance with the Capital Adequacy Framework (Capital Components). For HBMS a wholly owned subsidiary of the Bank, the total capital and capital adequacy ratios have been computed in accordance with the Capital Adequacy Framework for Islamic Banks (CAFIB). HBMS has adopted Standardised Approach for Credit Risk and Market Risk, and the Basic Indicator Approach for Operational Risk. Breakdown of gross risk-weighted assets (RWA) in the various categories of risk-weights: Group Total RWA for credit risk Total RWA for market risk Total RWA for operational risk 31 Dec 2016 Principal Risk-weighted RM'000 RM'000 [1] 100,868,068 48,857,558 1,004,081 5,793,257 100,868,068 [1] 55,654,896 [1] 31 Dec 2015 Principal Risk-weighted RM'000 RM'000 [1] 106,377,180 51,974,803 1,376,626 5,848,312 106,377,180 59,199,741 The principal and risk weighted amount for credit risk relating to the SIAF/IAA/RPSIA (refer Note 10(i) for more details) are as follows: Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Under SIAF/IAA arrangement 931,474 1,166,189 Under RPSIA arrangement 191,638 931,474 131 1,357,827 [1]
134. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 37 Capital Adequacy (Cont'd) Bank 31 Dec 2016 RM'000 Tier 1 capital Paid-up ordinary share capital Share premium Retained profits (including proposed dividend) Other reserves Regulatory adjustments Total Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) and Tier 1 capital Tier 2 capital Subordinated liabilities Subordinated term loan Collective impairment allowance (unimpaired portion) & regulatory reserves Regulatory adjustments Total Tier 2 capital Capital base 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 114,500 741,375 6,070,467 1,002,572 (1,153,887) 114,500 741,375 5,350,760 884,289 (948,068) 6,775,027 6,142,856 600,000 646,265 448,723 (798,117) 700,000 618,461 495,101 (916,838) 896,871 896,724 7,671,898 7,039,580 Inclusive of proposed dividend CET 1 and Tier 1 Capital ratio Total Capital ratio 15.083% 17.079% 12.659% 14.507% Net of proposed dividend CET 1 and Tier 1 Capital ratio Total Capital ratio 14.638% 16.634% 12.659% 14.507% The total capital and capital adequacy ratios have been computed based on Standardised Approach in accordance with the Capital Adequacy Framework (Capital Components). Breakdown of gross RWA in the various categories of risk-weights: Bank Total RWA for credit risk Total RWA for market risk Total RWA for operational risk 31 Dec 2016 Principal Risk-weighted RM'000 RM'000 [1] 84,583,629 38,698,597 992,685 5,227,510 84,583,629 [1] 44,918,792 [1] 31 Dec 2015 Principal Risk-weighted RM'000 RM'000 [1] 88,419,583 41,979,027 1,272,252 5,272,799 88,419,583 48,524,078 The principal and risk weighted amount for credit risk relating to the SIAF/IAA/RPSIA (refer Note 10(i) for more details) are as follows: Bank 31 Dec 2016 RM'000 931,474 - Under SIAF/IAA arrangement Under RPSIA arrangement 931,474 132 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 1,166,189 191,638 1,357,827 [1]
135. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 38 Commitments and Contingencies The table below shows the contracts or underlying principal amounts, credit equivalent amounts and risk weighted amounts of unmatured off-balance sheet transactions at the statement of financial position date. The underlying principal amounts indicate the volume of business outstanding and do not represent amounts at risk. These commitments and contingencies are not secured over the assets of the Group and of the Bank. Principal amount Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Direct credit substitutes Transaction-related contingent items Short-term self-liquidating trade-related contingencies Irrevocable commitments to extend credit: - Maturity not exceeding one year - Maturity exceeding one year Unutilised credit card lines Foreign exchange related contracts: - Less than one year - Over one year to less than five years - Over five years Interest/profit rate related contracts: - Less than one year - Over one year to less than five years - Over five years Gold and other precious metals contracts: - Less than one year Equity related contracts: - Less than one year - Over one year to less than five years Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 2,540,306 9,087,444 496,518 2,384,512 8,872,513 1,455,152 2,004,489 7,974,454 385,490 1,761,656 7,783,118 1,283,000 18,304,774 12,855,434 9,788,741 16,054,397 12,663,457 8,645,649 14,619,766 10,814,187 7,536,799 13,020,561 10,845,443 6,967,131 54,971,901 11,415,043 1,806,757 49,565,637 12,445,384 3,219,454 55,011,906 11,415,044 1,806,757 50,882,189 12,445,384 3,219,453 11,487,221 34,218,507 3,057,912 10,102,027 34,908,531 3,587,992 11,577,221 35,847,951 3,057,912 11,267,026 37,159,700 3,587,992 10,905 3,341 10,905 3,341 2,339,593 809,953 286,480 3,114,882 3,104,829 919,719 479,203 4,063,552 173,191,009 167,309,408 166,087,429 164,768,749 of which the amount related to SIAF/IAA/RPSIA arrangement (refer Note 10(i) for more detail) are as below: Irrevocable commitments to extend credit: Maturity not exceeding one year - SIAF/IAA arrangement - RPSIA arrangement 133 496,933 - 180,273 858,598 496,933 - 180,273 858,598 496,933 1,038,871 496,933 1,038,871
136. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 39 Derivative Financial Instruments Details of derivative financial instruments outstanding are as follows: i) Derivative financial instruments measured at their fair values together with their corresponding contract/notional amounts: Group At 31 Dec 2016 Contract / Notional Amount Up to 1 Year > 1 - 5 Years > 5 Years RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 Trading derivatives: Foreign exchange contracts - Forwards - Swaps - Options Interest/profit rate related contracts - Options - Swaps Equity related contracts - Options Precious metal contracts - Options Total RM'000 Positive Fair Value Up to 1 Year > 1 - 5 Years > 5 Years RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 Total RM'000 Negative Fair Value Up to 1 Year > 1 - 5 Years > 5 Years RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 Total RM'000 45,321,748 8,985,879 664,274 816,497 10,425,948 172,598 1,806,757 - 46,138,245 21,218,584 836,872 925,268 782,840 27,388 27,097 691,078 1,807 350,891 - 952,365 1,824,809 29,195 719,265 518,246 7,297 18,986 1,010,652 3,066 211,712 - 738,251 1,740,610 10,363 361,548 11,035,673 428,684 31,974,719 2,637,912 790,232 45,648,304 4,951 20,583 4,114 128,076 19,577 9,065 168,236 1,999 9,221 662 129,049 36,052 2,661 174,322 2,339,593 809,953 - 3,149,546 27 2 - 29 442,143 10,120 - 452,263 10,905 - - 10,905 24 - - 24 101 - - 101 68,719,620 44,628,399 4,444,669 117,792,688 1,761,081 852,174 370,468 2,983,723 1,698,272 1,172,535 247,764 3,118,571 Hedging Derivatives: Fair Value Hedge Interest/profit rate related contracts - Swaps 90,000 1,815,104 420,000 2,325,104 - 5,231 - 5,231 - 5,894 2,563 8,457 Sub- total 90,000 1,815,104 420,000 2,325,104 - 5,231 - 5,231 - 5,894 2,563 8,457 68,809,620 46,443,503 4,864,669 120,117,792 1,761,081 857,405 370,468 2,988,954 1,698,272 1,178,429 250,327 3,127,028 Sub- total Total 134
137. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 39 Derivative Financial Instruments (Cont'd) Details of derivative financial instruments outstanding are as follows (Cont'd): i) Derivative financial instruments measured at their fair values together with their corresponding contract/notional amounts (Cont'd): Group At 31 Dec 2015 Contract / Notional Amount Up to 1 Year > 1 - 5 Years > 5 Years RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 Trading derivatives: Foreign exchange contracts - Forwards 46,610,644 - Swaps 2,596,721 - Options 358,272 Interest/profit rate related contracts - Future 21,465 - Options 47,302 - Swaps 10,033,260 Equity related contracts - Options 286,480 Precious metal contracts - Options 3,341 Total RM'000 Positive Fair Value Up to 1 Year > 1 - 5 Years > 5 Years RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 Total RM'000 Negative Fair Value Up to 1 Year > 1 - 5 Years > 5 Years RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 Total RM'000 577,746 11,607,215 260,423 3,219,454 - 47,188,390 17,423,390 618,695 1,153,334 317,988 24,855 42,829 1,260,260 19,850 332,485 - 1,196,163 1,910,733 44,705 929,907 383,219 203 2,126 1,186,173 2,425 252,989 - 932,033 1,822,381 2,628 645,805 32,627,726 96,250 2,965,893 21,465 789,357 45,626,879 85 95 8,047 11,255 104,032 292 31,556 85 11,642 143,635 184 1,575 7,626 140 111,577 42,480 184 1,715 161,683 3,114,882 - 3,401,362 84 324 - 408 88,844 421,417 - 510,261 - - 3,341 - - - - 15 - - 15 59,957,485 48,833,797 6,281,597 115,072,879 1,504,488 1,438,550 364,333 3,307,371 1,411,573 1,723,858 295,469 3,430,900 Hedging Derivatives: Fair Value Hedge Interest/profit rate related contracts - Swaps - 1,635,000 525,849 2,160,849 - 7,331 2,488 9,819 - 1,007 1,853 2,860 Sub- total - 1,635,000 525,849 2,160,849 - 7,331 2,488 9,819 - 1,007 1,853 2,860 59,957,485 50,468,797 6,807,446 117,233,728 1,504,488 1,445,881 366,821 3,317,190 1,411,573 1,724,865 297,322 3,433,760 Sub- total Total 135
138. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 39 Derivative Financial Instruments (Cont'd) Details of derivative financial instruments outstanding are as follows (Cont'd): i) Derivative financial instruments measured at their fair values together with their corresponding contract/notional amounts (Cont'd): Bank At 31 Dec 2016 Trading derivatives: Foreign exchange contracts - Forwards - Swaps - Options Interest rate related contracts - Options - Swaps Equity related contracts - Options Precious metal contracts - Options Contract / Notional Amount Up to 1 Year > 1 - 5 Years > 5 Years RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 Total RM'000 Positive Fair Value Up to 1 Year > 1 - 5 Years > 5 Years RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 Total RM'000 Negative Fair Value Up to 1 Year > 1 - 5 Years > 5 Years RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 Total RM'000 45,361,753 8,985,879 664,274 816,497 10,425,948 172,599 1,806,757 - 46,178,250 21,218,584 836,873 924,445 782,840 27,388 27,097 694,212 1,807 350,891 - 951,542 1,827,943 29,195 717,254 518,246 7,297 18,986 1,010,652 3,066 211,712 - 736,240 1,740,610 10,363 361,548 11,215,673 618,128 33,604,719 2,637,912 979,676 47,458,304 4,951 20,556 4,248 128,794 19,577 9,199 168,927 1,999 9,221 3,206 133,974 36,052 5,205 179,247 3,104,829 919,719 - 4,024,548 95,203 2,182 - 97,385 442,170 10,120 - 452,290 10,905 - - 10,905 24 - - 24 101 - - 101 69,704,861 46,557,610 4,444,669 120,707,140 1,855,407 858,340 370,468 3,084,215 1,696,288 1,180,004 247,764 3,124,056 Hedging Derivatives: Fair Value Hedge Interest rate related contracts - Swaps - 1,625,104 420,000 2,045,104 - 5,231 - 5,231 - 5,894 2,563 8,457 Sub- total - 1,625,104 420,000 2,045,104 - 5,231 - 5,231 - 5,894 2,563 8,457 69,704,861 48,182,714 4,864,669 122,752,244 1,855,407 863,571 370,468 3,089,446 1,696,288 1,185,898 250,327 3,132,513 Sub- total Total 136
139. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 39 Derivative Financial Instruments (Cont'd) Details of derivative financial instruments outstanding are as follows (Cont'd): i) Derivative financial instruments measured at their fair values together with their corresponding contract/notional amounts (Cont'd): Bank At 31 Dec 2015 Trading derivatives: Foreign exchange contracts - Forwards - Swaps - Options Interest rate related contracts - Future - Options - Swaps Equity related contracts - Options Precious metal contracts - Options Contract / Notional Amount Up to 1 Year > 1 - 5 Years > 5 Years RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 Total RM'000 Positive Fair Value Up to 1 Year > 1 - 5 Years > 5 Years RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 Negative Fair Value Up to 1 Year > 1 - 5 Years > 5 Years RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 Total RM'000 Total RM'000 47,888,895 2,596,721 396,573 577,746 11,607,215 260,423 3,219,453 - 48,466,641 17,423,389 656,996 1,149,258 317,988 25,852 42,829 1,264,250 18,854 332,485 - 1,192,087 1,914,723 44,706 930,497 383,219 1,200 2,126 1,186,173 1,429 252,989 - 932,623 1,822,381 2,629 21,465 47,302 11,198,259 896,696 34,628,004 96,250 2,965,893 21,465 1,040,248 48,792,156 85 95 9,709 14,163 109,862 292 31,556 85 14,550 151,127 184 1,575 9,749 989 112,732 42,480 184 2,564 164,961 479,203 4,063,552 - 4,542,755 70,702 90,430 - 161,132 88,927 421,723 - 510,650 3,341 - - 3,341 - - - - 15 - - 15 62,631,759 52,033,636 6,281,596 120,946,991 1,573,689 1,540,388 364,333 3,478,410 1,415,366 1,725,172 295,469 3,436,007 Hedging Derivatives: Fair Value Hedge Interest rate related contracts - Swaps - 1,635,000 525,849 2,160,849 - 7,331 2,488 9,819 - 1,007 1,853 2,860 Sub- total - 1,635,000 525,849 2,160,849 - 7,331 2,488 9,819 - 1,007 1,853 2,860 62,631,759 53,668,636 6,807,445 123,107,840 1,573,689 1,547,719 366,821 3,488,229 1,415,366 1,726,179 297,322 3,438,867 Sub- total Total Included in the net non-profit income is the net gains/(losses) arising from fair value hedges during the financial year as follows: Loss on hedging instruments Gain on the hedged items attributable to the hedged risk Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 (13,052) 10,203 (2,849) 137 (5,477) 5,650 173 Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 (13,052) 10,203 (2,849) (5,477) 5,650 173
140. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 40 Interest/ Profit Rate Risk The Group and the Bank are exposed to various risks associated with the effects of fluctuation in the prevailing level of market interest/profit rates on its financial position and cash flows. The following tables summarise the Group and the Bank's exposure to interest/profit rate risk. The assets and liabilities at carrying amount are allocated to time bands by reference to the earlier of the next contractual repricing dates and maturity dates. Non-trading book Effective interest/ profit Total rate RM'000 % Up to 1 month RM'000 >1 - 3 months RM'000 >3 - 12 months RM'000 1-5 years RM'000 Over 5 years RM'000 Noninterest/profit sensitive RM'000 Trading book RM'000 16,474,343 - - - - 329,771 - 16,804,114 2.47 2,292,939 3,869,291 - - - - - 6,162,230 3.08 - 1,826,400 524,259 35,000 371,608 4,552,489 942,129 167,559 2,266,452 - 1,861,400 2,266,452 6,558,044 2.54 3.15 3.42 13,115,559 31,316,363 787,816 1,073,227 274,521 - - 46,567,486 4.77 - - - 5,231 - - 31,882,841 37,536,313 1,194,424 5,630,947 1,216,650 1,009,450 5,250,175 83,720,800 31,349,045 7,002,951 7,866,780 180,802 - 11,311,956 3,125,564 60,837,098 1.92 5,864,211 31,752 347 246,730 403,740 24,413 - 6,571,193 1.32 - - 500,000 500,000 - 1,256,001 2,559 5,894 - 1,146,265 2,563 - 326,305 442,284 3,118,571 969,409 326,305 1,756,001 1,648,824 3,127,028 1,411,693 3.95 3.58 3.07 Total Financial Liabilities 37,213,256 7,034,703 8,867,127 1,691,986 1,552,568 12,104,958 7,213,544 75,678,142 Total interest/profit sensitivity gap (5,330,415) 30,501,610 (7,672,703) 3,938,961 (11,095,508) (1,963,369) 8,042,658 Group 31 Dec 2016 ASSETS Cash and short term funds Securities purchased under resale agreements Deposits and placements with banks and other financial institutions Financial assets held-for-trading Financial investments available-for-sale Loans, advances and financing - performing [1] - impaired - collective allowance Derivative financial assets Other assets Total Financial Assets LIABILITIES AND EQUITY Deposits from customers Deposits and placements from banks and other financial institutions Bills and acceptances payable Multi-Currency Sukuk Programme Subordinated liabilities Derivative financial liabilities Other liabilities [1] This is arrived at after deducting individual impairment allowance from impaired loans/financing. 138 (335,918) 796,913 (469,565) 184,772 2,983,723 - 796,913 (469,565) 2,988,954 184,772 -
141. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 40 Interest/ Profit Rate Risk (Cont'd) Non-trading book Group 31 Dec 2015 ASSETS Cash and short term funds Securities purchased under resale agreements Financial assets held-for-trading Financial investments available-for-sale Loans, advances and financing - performing [1] - impaired - collective allowance Derivative financial assets Other assets Total Financial Assets LIABILITIES AND EQUITY Deposits from customers Deposits and placements from banks and other financial institutions Bills and acceptances payable Multi-Currency Sukuk Programme Subordinated liabilities Derivative financial liabilities Other liabilities Total Financial Liabilities Total interest/profit sensitivity gap [1] Effective interest/ profit Total rate RM'000 % Up to 1 month RM'000 >1 - 3 months RM'000 >3 - 12 months RM'000 1-5 years RM'000 Over 5 years RM'000 Noninterest/profit sensitive RM'000 17,751,869 - - - - 500,040 - 18,251,909 2.77 5,220,332 - 1,333,422 25,005 583,035 5,474,319 914,242 16,908 1,497,358 - 6,553,754 1,497,358 7,013,509 3.23 3.61 3.54 15,014,022 33,102,212 1,473,674 1,271,039 94,696 - - 50,955,643 4.74 - - - 7,331 - 2,488 - 37,986,223 34,460,639 2,056,709 6,752,689 1,011,426 1,000,107 4,804,729 88,072,522 31,406,808 6,651,750 8,233,177 389,347 - 13,209,020 3,530,708 63,420,810 2.06 4,328,885 435,352 979,676 1,786,684 386,370 45,399 - 7,962,366 1.62 - - - 1,749,823 502,879 1,007 - 1,118,461 1,853 - 337,218 826,781 3,430,900 1,268,657 337,218 1,749,823 1,621,340 3,433,760 2,095,438 4.00 3.56 2.90 35,735,693 7,087,102 9,212,853 4,429,740 1,506,684 14,418,418 8,230,265 80,620,755 2,250,530 27,373,537 (7,156,144) 2,322,949 (13,418,311) (3,425,536) 7,451,767 - This is arrived at after deducting individual impairment allowance from impaired loans/financing. 139 (495,258) 710,784 (444,234) 216,609 Trading book RM'000 3,307,371 - 710,784 (444,234) 3,317,190 216,609 -
142. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 40 Interest/ Profit Rate Risk (Cont'd) Bank 31 Dec 2016 Non-trading book >3 - 12 1-5 months years RM'000 RM'000 Non-interest sensitive RM'000 Trading book RM'000 - - 221,838 - 14,999,888 2.35 - - - - - 6,162,230 3.08 1,913,230 524,259 1,283,600 191,384 32,391 3,384,194 646,265 922,074 167,559 2,265,964 - 3,875,486 2,265,964 5,189,470 2.54 3.15 3.40 10,290,853 23,619,330 642,435 259,360 52,999 - - 34,864,977 4.60 - - - 5,231 - - 27,361,842 29,926,110 2,117,419 3,681,176 26,241,963 5,235,614 6,641,020 5,860,208 31,752 - Total Financial Liabilities Total interest sensitivity gap [1] - impaired - collective allowance Derivative financial assets Other assets Total Financial Assets LIABILITIES AND EQUITY Deposits from customers Deposits and placements from banks and other financial institutions Bills and acceptances payable Subordinated liabilities Derivative financial liabilities Other liabilities [1] >1 - 3 months RM'000 14,778,050 - - 2,292,939 3,869,291 - Effective interest Total rate RM'000 % Over 5 years RM'000 ASSETS Cash and short term funds Securities purchased under resale agreements Deposits and placements with banks and other financial institutions Financial assets held-for-trading Financial investments available-for-sale Loans, advances and financing - performing Up to 1 month RM'000 556,144 (269,550) 153,768 3,084,215 - 1,621,338 829,759 5,350,179 70,887,823 148,231 - 10,718,184 3,125,564 52,110,576 1.82 347 246,730 403,740 - - 6,542,777 0.76 - 500,000 - 2,559 5,894 - 1,146,265 2,563 - 302,673 293,168 3,124,056 - 302,673 1,648,824 3,132,513 293,168 3.87 - 32,102,171 5,267,366 7,141,367 403,414 1,552,568 11,314,025 6,249,620 64,030,531 (4,740,329) 24,658,744 (5,023,948) 3,277,762 68,770 This is arrived at after deducting individual impairment allowance from impaired loans/financing. 140 (10,484,266) (899,441) 556,144 (269,550) 3,089,446 153,768 6,857,292 -
143. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 40 Interest/ Profit Rate Risk (Cont'd) Bank 31 Dec 2015 ASSETS Cash and short term funds Securities purchased under resale agreements Deposits and placements with banks and other financial institutions Financial assets held-for-trading Financial investments available-for-sale Loans, advances and financing - performing - impaired [1] - collective allowance Derivative financial assets Other assets Total Financial Assets LIABILITIES AND EQUITY Deposits from customers Deposits and placements from banks and other financial institutions Bills and acceptances payable Subordinated liabilities Derivative financial liabilities Other liabilities Total Financial Liabilities Total interest sensitivity gap [1] Non-trading book >3 - 12 1-5 months years RM'000 RM'000 Up to 1 month RM'000 >1 - 3 months RM'000 13,905,908 - - 5,220,332 1,333,422 - Effective interest Total rate RM'000 % Over 5 years RM'000 Non-interest sensitive RM'000 Trading book RM'000 - - 412,175 - 14,318,083 2.67 - - - - - 6,553,754 3.23 306,092 25,006 1,679,300 411,324 31,352 3,944,786 618,460 914,242 16,908 1,486,866 - 2,635,204 1,486,866 5,312,266 2.90 3.62 3.54 12,071,119 25,504,032 1,043,328 334,195 61,120 - - 39,013,794 4.58 - - - 7,331 - 2,488 - 31,197,359 27,168,552 3,133,952 4,317,664 26,223,835 4,674,340 6,827,525 4,324,691 6,052 - 544,152 (303,970) 184,356 3,478,410 - 1,596,310 853,621 4,965,276 73,232,734 345,237 - 12,433,042 3,530,708 54,034,687 1.95 979,676 938,816 386,370 - - 6,635,605 1.39 - - 502,879 1,007 - 1,118,461 1,853 - 322,314 661,011 3,436,007 - 322,314 1,621,340 3,438,867 661,011 3.89 - 30,548,526 4,680,392 7,807,201 1,787,939 1,506,684 13,416,367 6,966,715 66,713,824 648,833 22,488,160 (4,673,249) 2,529,725 89,626 (12,562,746) (2,001,439) 6,518,910 - This is arrived at after deducting individual impairment allowance from impaired loans/financing. 141 544,152 (303,970) 3,488,229 184,356 -
144. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 41 Liquidity Risk The following tables summarise the Group and the Bank's exposure to liquidity risk. The asset and liabilities at carrying amount are allocated to time bands by reference to the remaining contractual maturity and/or their behavioral profile. Group 31 Dec 2016 Non-trading book >3 - 12 1-5 months years RM'000 RM'000 Trading book RM'000 Total RM'000 - - 16,804,114 - - - 6,162,230 4,552,489 5,853,218 5,231 50,002 942,129 23,170,806 18,761 167,559 1,769,078 2,266,452 2,983,723 8,082 1,861,400 2,266,452 6,558,044 46,894,834 2,988,954 1,888,547 2,698,736 10,460,940 24,131,696 1,936,637 5,258,257 85,424,575 7,002,951 7,866,780 180,802 - - 3,125,564 60,837,098 5,864,211 31,752 347 246,730 403,740 24,413 - 6,571,193 326,305 92,281 60,683 500,000 500,000 106,656 1,256,001 2,559 5,894 21,751 1,146,265 2,563 7,531 1,136,538 3,118,571 1,003,322 326,305 1,756,001 1,648,824 3,127,028 2,428,762 Total Liabilities Equity 48,943,798 - 7,095,386 - 8,973,783 - 1,713,737 - 1,560,099 - 1,160,951 8,729,364 7,247,457 - 76,695,211 8,729,364 Total Liabilities and Equity 48,943,798 7,095,386 8,973,783 1,713,737 1,560,099 9,890,315 7,247,457 85,424,575 (19,723,645) 4,622,770 (6,275,047) 8,747,203 22,571,597 (7,953,678) (1,989,200) 57,343,591 19,279,244 40,796,933 49,888,715 5,882,526 ASSETS Cash and short term funds Securities purchased under resale agreements Deposits and placements with banks and other financial institutions Financial assets held-for-trading Financial investments available-for-sale Loans, advances and financing Derivative financial assets Others Total Assets LIABILITIES AND EQUITY Deposits from customers Deposits and placements from banks and other financial institutions Bills and acceptances payable Multi-Currency Sukuk Programme Subordinated liabilities Derivative financial liabilities Others Net maturity mismatches Off-balance sheet liabilities Up to 1 month RM'000 >1 - 3 months RM'000 16,804,114 - - - - 2,292,939 3,869,291 - - 10,100,130 22,970 1,826,400 524,259 5,485,901 12,305 35,000 371,608 2,284,779 7,349 29,220,153 11,718,156 42,661,001 142 Over 5 Non-specific years maturity RM'000 RM'000 - - - 173,191,009
145. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 41 Liquidity Risk (Cont'd) Group 31 Dec 2015 Non-trading book >3 - 12 1-5 months years RM'000 RM'000 Trading book RM'000 Total RM'000 - - 18,251,909 - - - 6,553,754 5,474,319 7,082,117 7,331 55,364 914,242 23,036,984 2,488 19,756 16,908 1,838,667 1,497,358 3,307,371 39,356 1,497,358 7,013,509 51,222,193 3,317,190 1,971,411 3,769,862 12,619,131 23,973,470 1,855,575 4,844,085 89,827,324 6,651,750 8,233,177 389,347 - - 3,530,708 63,420,810 4,328,885 435,352 979,676 1,786,684 386,370 45,399 - 7,962,366 337,218 166,472 57,947 91,064 1,749,823 502,879 1,007 47,700 1,118,461 1,853 6,436 1,672,625 3,430,900 1,411,242 337,218 1,749,823 1,621,340 3,433,760 3,453,486 Total Liabilities Equity 49,448,403 - 7,145,049 - 9,303,917 - 4,477,440 - 1,513,120 - 1,718,024 7,848,521 8,372,850 - 81,978,803 7,848,521 Total Liabilities and Equity 49,448,403 7,145,049 9,303,917 4,477,440 1,513,120 9,566,545 8,372,850 89,827,324 (14,969,104) 1,140,853 (5,534,055) 8,141,691 22,460,350 (7,710,970) (3,528,765) - 59,067,539 19,150,380 28,595,102 53,345,605 7,150,782 - 167,309,408 ASSETS Cash and short term funds Securities purchased under resale agreements Deposits and placements with banks and other financial institutions Financial assets held-for-trading Financial investments available-for-sale Loans, advances and financing Derivative financial assets Others Total Assets LIABILITIES AND EQUITY Deposits from customers Deposits and placements from banks and other financial institutions Bills and acceptances payable Multi-Currency Sukuk Programme Subordinated liabilities Derivative financial liabilities Others Net maturity mismatches Off-balance sheet liabilities Up to 1 month RM'000 >1 - 3 months RM'000 18,251,909 - - - - 5,220,332 1,333,422 - - 10,994,769 12,289 25,005 6,925,771 1,704 583,035 3,182,552 4,275 34,479,299 8,285,902 44,615,828 - - 143 Over 5 Non-specific years maturity RM'000 RM'000 -
146. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 41 Liquidity Risk (Cont'd) Bank 31 Dec 2016 Non-trading book >3 - 12 1-5 months years RM'000 RM'000 Trading book RM'000 Total RM'000 - - 14,999,888 - - - 6,162,230 32,391 3,384,194 4,146,696 5,231 41,183 646,265 922,074 17,450,620 18,570 167,559 2,053,783 2,265,964 3,084,215 8,082 3,875,486 2,265,964 5,189,470 35,151,571 3,089,446 2,200,657 3,351,534 7,609,695 19,037,529 2,221,342 5,358,261 72,934,712 5,235,614 6,641,020 148,231 - - 3,125,564 52,110,576 5,860,208 31,752 347 246,730 403,740 - - 6,542,777 302,673 123,829 48,432 500,000 84,707 2,559 5,894 7,599 1,146,265 2,563 7,532 1,023,124 3,124,056 33,913 302,673 1,648,824 3,132,513 1,329,136 Total Liabilities Equity 43,246,857 - 5,315,798 - 7,226,074 - 411,013 - 1,560,100 - 1,023,124 7,868,213 6,283,533 - 65,066,499 7,868,213 Total Liabilities and Equity 43,246,857 5,315,798 7,226,074 411,013 1,560,100 8,891,337 6,283,533 72,934,712 (17,955,034) 4,748,730 (3,874,540) 7,198,682 17,477,429 (6,669,995) 50,208,593 18,341,859 40,425,517 51,238,878 5,872,582 ASSETS Cash and short term funds Securities purchased under resale agreements Deposits and placements with banks and other financial institutions Financial assets held-for-trading Financial investments available-for-sale Loans, advances and financing Derivative financial assets Others Total Assets LIABILITIES AND EQUITY Deposits from customers Deposits and placements from banks and other financial institutions Bills and acceptances payable Subordinated liabilities Derivative financial liabilities Others Net maturity mismatches Off-balance sheet liabilities Up to 1 month RM'000 >1 - 3 months RM'000 14,999,888 - - - - 2,292,939 3,869,291 - - 7,939,639 59,357 1,913,230 524,259 3,745,410 12,338 1,283,600 191,384 1,869,206 7,344 25,291,823 10,064,528 36,960,147 144 Over 5 Non-specific years maturity RM'000 RM'000 - (925,272) - - 166,087,429
147. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 41 Liquidity Risk (Cont'd) Bank 31 Dec 2015 Non-trading book >3 - 12 1-5 months years RM'000 RM'000 Trading book RM'000 Total RM'000 - - 14,318,083 - - - 6,553,754 31,352 3,944,786 4,978,970 7,331 45,321 618,460 914,242 17,654,667 2,488 19,894 16,908 2,127,812 1,486,866 3,478,410 39,356 2,635,204 1,486,866 5,312,266 39,253,976 3,488,229 2,259,303 4,326,181 9,007,760 19,209,751 2,144,720 5,004,632 75,307,681 4,674,340 6,827,525 345,237 - - 3,530,708 54,034,687 4,324,691 6,052 979,676 938,816 386,370 - - 6,635,605 322,314 359,887 45,698 75,051 502,879 1,007 23,133 1,118,461 1,853 6,436 1,545,463 3,436,007 142,585 322,314 1,621,340 3,438,867 2,198,253 Total Liabilities Equity 43,663,769 - 4,726,090 - 7,882,252 - 1,811,072 - 1,513,120 - 1,545,463 7,056,615 7,109,300 - 68,251,066 7,056,615 Total Liabilities and Equity 43,663,769 4,726,090 7,882,252 1,811,072 1,513,120 8,602,078 7,109,300 75,307,681 (15,002,509) 2,227,287 (3,556,071) 7,196,688 17,696,631 (6,457,358) (2,104,668) - 53,764,775 19,127,241 28,587,824 56,140,820 7,148,090 - 164,768,749 ASSETS Cash and short term funds Securities purchased under resale agreements Deposits and placements with banks and other financial institutions Financial assets held-for-trading Financial investments available-for-sale Loans, advances and financing Derivative financial assets Others Total Assets LIABILITIES AND EQUITY Deposits from customers Deposits and placements from banks and other financial institutions Bills and acceptances payable Subordinated liabilities Derivative financial liabilities Others Net maturity mismatches Off-balance sheet liabilities Up to 1 month RM'000 >1 - 3 months RM'000 14,318,083 - - - - 5,220,332 1,333,422 - - 9,106,186 16,659 306,092 25,006 5,286,356 2,501 1,679,300 411,324 2,227,797 7,760 28,661,260 6,953,377 38,656,877 145 Over 5 Non-specific years maturity RM'000 RM'000 -
148. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 41 Liquidity Risk (Cont'd) The balances in the tables below will not agree directly with the balances in the statements of financial position as the tables incorporate, on an undiscounted basis, all cash flows relating to principal and future coupon payments. In addition, loan/financing and other credit-related commitments and financial guarantees and similar contracts are generally not recognised on the statement of financial position. Cash flows payable in respect of customer accounts are primarily contractually repayable on demand or at short notice. However, in practice, short term deposit balances remain stable as inflows and outflows broadly match and a significant portion of loan/financing commitments expire without being drawn upon. i) Cash flows payable by the Group under financial liabilities by remaining contractual maturities Group (RM'000) Due between Due Due within 3 3 months to between 1 On Demand months 12 months and 5 years At 31 Dec 2016 Non-derivative liabilities Deposits from customers 32,937,738 Deposits and placements of banks and other financial institutions Bills and acceptances payable 326,305 Other liabilities 170,492 Multi Currency Sukuk Programme Subordinated liabilities Loans and other credit-related commitments 34,322,352 Financial guarantees and similiar contracts 2,314,251 70,071,138 Derivative liabilities Gross settled derivatives - Inflow - Outflow Net settled derivatives Group (RM'000) Total 17,356,905 10,465,099 4,180,797 - 64,940,539 5,936,081 135,391 19,761 4,881 1,242,388 2,597,674 27,293,081 25,540 1,016,108 531,679 548,912 5,242,627 2,890,856 20,720,821 257,716 1,229,063 1,344,921 182,411 141,582 3,303,630 10,640,120 434,424 107,495 1,229,454 1,017,857 2,789,230 6,653,761 326,305 2,658,549 1,896,361 1,965,658 40,948,949 12,124,268 131,514,390 (2,064,725) 2,633,214 25,514 (4,572,028) 5,621,176 80,957 (5,811,973) 6,836,929 92,278 (504,954) 620,636 (45,169) Due between Due Due within 3 3 months to between 1 On Demand months 12 months and 5 years Due after 5 years - At 31 Dec 2015 Non-derivative liabilities Deposits from customers 33,764,925 Deposits and placements of banks and other financial institutions Bills and acceptances payable 337,218 Other liabilities 262,245 Multi Currency Sukuk Programme Subordinated liabilities Loans and other credit-related commitments 31,257,073 Financial guarantees and similiar contracts 5,145,093 70,766,554 Derivative liabilities Gross settled derivatives - Inflow - Outflow Net settled derivatives Due after 5 years - (12,953,680) 15,711,955 153,580 Total 18,068,854 8,520,035 6,232,228 41,125 66,627,167 4,833,494 295,655 19,870 4,037 578,338 1,725,055 25,525,303 1,017,597 197,064 41,247 59,617 5,325,316 2,824,659 17,985,535 1,916,253 1,999,961 1,896,361 676,264 202,776 2,674,033 15,597,876 440,075 305,035 1,235,408 343,336 2,364,979 8,207,419 337,218 3,059,960 1,957,478 1,975,326 37,363,503 12,712,176 132,240,247 (17,653,594) 18,511,401 12,140 (6,324,978) 6,767,987 62,986 (5,525,786) 7,060,599 86,707 (936,703) 1,250,875 10,478 (30,441,061) 33,590,862 172,311 146
149. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 41 Liquidity Risk (Cont'd) i) Cash flows payable by the Bank under financial liabilities by remaining contractual maturities (Cont'd) Bank (RM'000) Due between Due Due within 3 3 months to between 1 On Demand months 12 months and 5 years At 31 Dec 2016 Non-derivative liabilities Deposits from customers 29,348,454 Deposits and placements of banks and other financial institutions Bills and acceptances payable 302,673 Other liabilities 100,626 Subordinated liabilities Loans and other credit-related commitments 27,224,759 Financial guarantees and similiar contracts 2,203,015 59,179,527 Derivative liabilities Gross settled derivatives - Inflow - Outflow Net settled derivatives Bank (RM'000) Total 13,428,979 9,227,812 4,152,328 - 56,157,573 5,903,155 104,720 4,881 918,829 1,872,836 22,233,400 349 55,824 548,912 4,688,717 2,362,952 16,884,566 254,231 8,057 182,411 138,447 2,917,717 7,653,191 434,424 23,942 1,229,454 1,007,913 2,695,733 6,592,159 302,673 293,169 1,965,658 32,970,752 10,364,433 108,646,417 (2,143,810) 2,711,746 18,669 (4,558,008) 5,605,784 42,175 (5,811,973) 6,839,474 110,594 (504,954) 620,636 (45,169) Due between Due Due within 3 3 months to between 1 On Demand months 12 months and 5 years Due after 5 years - At 31 Dec 2015 Non-derivative liabilities Deposits from customers 30,177,861 Deposits and placements of banks and other financial institutions Bills and acceptances payable 322,314 Other liabilities 223,789 Subordinated liabilities Loans and other credit-related commitments 25,326,522 Financial guarantees and similiar contracts 4,429,984 60,480,470 Derivative liabilities Gross settled derivatives - Inflow - Outflow Net settled derivatives Due after 5 years - (13,018,745) 15,777,640 126,269 Total 13,685,869 7,080,120 6,182,383 41,125 57,167,358 4,345,792 105,624 4,037 445,229 1,669,739 20,256,290 989,889 113,948 59,617 4,862,797 2,113,809 15,220,180 991,015 9,473 676,264 198,587 2,273,597 10,331,319 440,075 208,177 1,235,408 340,645 2,265,430 6,766,771 322,314 661,011 1,975,326 30,833,135 10,827,774 108,553,689 (18,771,321) 19,633,831 12,957 (6,324,978) 6,775,091 64,998 (5,525,786) 7,097,022 87,578 (936,703) 1,250,875 10,478 (31,558,788) 34,756,819 176,011 147
150. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 42 Repurchase and Reverse Repurchase Transactions and Collateral Pledged/Accepted In the normal course of business, the Group and the Bank sell assets to raise liabilities and accept assets for resale. Assets sold and received are mainly via repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements. Collateral is accepted and pledged on derivative contracts, mainly in the form of cash. Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Carrying amount of assets and collateral pledged - Sold under repurchase agreements - Collateral pledged on derivative contracts (ISDA [1]) Fair value of assets and collateral accepted - Securities bought under reverse repurchase agreement - Securities sold under regulated short selling - Collateral accepted on derivative contracts (ISDA [1]) [1] 43 Bank 31 Dec 2016 RM'000 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 - 59,783 1,079,045 140,412 1,360,929 1,079,045 1,360,929 6,162,230 6,817 6,553,754 63,560 6,162,230 6,817 6,553,754 63,560 999,109 1,361,932 999,109 1,361,932 ISDA: International Swaps and Derivatives Association Fair Values of Financial Assets and Liabilities not measured at fair value The fair value of each financial asset and liabilities presented in the statements of financial position of the Group and the Bank approximates the carrying amount as at reporting date, except for the following: Financial Assets Loans, advances and financing Financial Liabilities Deposits from customers Deposits and placements from banks and other financial institutions Multi-Currency Sukuk Programme Subordinated liabilities 148 31 Dec 2016 Carrying amount RM'000 Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 Fair Carrying Value amount RM'000 RM'000 46,894,834 47,025,359 51,222,193 51,033,678 60,837,098 60,825,364 63,420,810 63,452,790 6,571,193 1,756,001 1,648,824 6,569,349 1,754,751 1,764,564 7,962,366 1,749,823 1,621,340 7,960,847 1,747,423 1,634,590 31 Dec 2015 Fair Value RM'000
151. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 43 Fair Values of Financial Assets and Liabilities not measured at fair value (Cont'd) The fair value of each financial asset and liabilities presented in the statements of financial position of the Group and the Bank approximates the carrying amount as at reporting date, except for the following (Cont'd): 31 Dec 2016 Carrying amount RM'000 Financial Assets Loans, advances and financing Financial Liabilities Deposits from customers Deposits and placements from banks and other financial institutions Subordinated liabilities Bank 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 Fair Carrying Value amount RM'000 RM'000 31 Dec 2015 Fair Value RM'000 35,151,571 35,275,633 39,253,976 39,050,959 52,110,576 52,102,383 54,034,687 54,066,524 6,542,777 1,648,824 6,540,990 1,764,564 6,635,605 1,621,340 6,634,784 1,634,590 The methods and assumptions used in estimating the fair values of financial instruments other than those already mentioned in Note 3(g) are as follows: • Cash and short term funds • Securities purchased under resale agreements • Deposits and placements with banks and other financial institutions • Obligations on securities sold under repurchase agreements • Bills and acceptances payable The carrying amounts approximate fair values due to their relatively short-term nature or reprice to current market rates frequently. (i) Loans, advances and financing For personal and commercial loans and financing which mature or reprice after six months, fair value is principally estimated by discounting anticipated cash flows (including interest/profit at contractual rates). Performing loans/financing are grouped to the extent possible, into homogenous pools segregated by maturity within each pool. In general, cash flows are discounted using current market rates for instruments with similar maturity, repricing and credit risk characteristics. The fair value of a loan reflects loan impairments at the balance sheet date. For impaired loans/financing, the fair value is the carrying value of the loans/financing, net of individual impairment allowance. Collective impairment allowance is deducted from the fair value of loans, advances and financing. (ii) Deposits from customers Deposits and placements from banks and other financial institutions Deposits, placements and obligations which mature or reprice after six months are grouped by residual maturity. Fair value is estimated using discounted cash flows, applying either market rates, where applicable, or current rates offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities. The fair value of a deposit repayable on demand is approximated by its carrying value. (iii) Subordinated liabilities Multi-Currency Sukuk Programme The fair value of subordinated liabilities and the Multi-Currency Sukuk Programme issued at cost were estimated based on discounted cash flows using rates currently offered for debt instruments of similar remaining maturities and credit grading. 149
152. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 43 Fair Values of Financial Assets and Liabilities not measured at fair value (Cont'd) The following tables sets out the fair values of the financial assets and financial liabilities not measured at fair value but for which fair value is derived, and analyses them by the level in the fair value hierarchy into which each fair value measurement is Group 31 December 2016 RM'000 Level 1 Financial Assets Loans, advances and financing Financial Liabilities Deposits from customers Deposits and placements from banks and other financial institutions Multi-Currency Sukuk Programme Subordinated liabilities Level 2 Total fair values Level 3 Total carrying amount - - 47,025,359 47,025,359 46,894,834 - 60,825,364 - 60,825,364 60,837,098 - 6,569,349 1,754,751 1,764,564 - 6,569,349 1,754,751 1,764,564 6,571,193 1,756,001 1,648,824 Group 31 December 2015 RM'000 Level 1 Financial Assets Loans, advances and financing Financial Liabilities Deposits from customers Deposits and placements from banks and other financial institutions Multi-Currency Sukuk Programme Subordinated liabilities Level 2 Total fair values Level 3 Total carrying amount - - 51,033,678 51,033,678 51,222,193 - 63,452,790 - 63,452,790 63,420,810 - 7,960,847 1,747,423 1,634,590 - 7,960,847 1,747,423 1,634,590 7,962,366 1,749,823 1,621,340 - - Bank 31 December 2016 RM'000 Financial Assets Loans, advances and financing Financial Liabilities Deposits from customers Deposits and placements from banks and other financial institutions Subordinated liabilities Level 1 Level 2 Total fair values Level 3 Total carrying amount - - 35,275,633 35,275,633 35,151,571 - 52,102,383 - 52,102,383 52,110,576 - 6,540,990 1,764,564 - 6,540,990 1,764,564 6,542,777 1,648,824 150
153. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 43 Fair Values of Financial Assets and Liabilities not measured at fair value (Cont'd) Bank 31 December 2015 RM'000 Financial Assets Loans, advances and financing Financial Liabilities Deposits from customers Deposits and placements from banks and other financial institutions Subordinated liabilities 44 Level 1 Level 2 Total carrying amount Total fair values Level 3 - - 39,050,959 39,050,959 39,253,976 - 54,066,524 - 54,066,524 54,034,687 - 6,634,784 1,634,590 - 6,634,784 1,634,590 6,635,605 1,621,340 - - Lease Commitments The Group and the Bank have lease commitments in respect of rented premises and hired equipment, all of which are classified as operating leases. A summary of the non-cancellable long term commitments net of sub-leases (if any) are as follows: Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 36,267 35,384 19,636 14,917 2,502 69 58,405 50,370 Less than one year Between one and three years Between three and five years 45 Bank 31 Dec 2016 RM'000 29,316 16,900 2,500 48,716 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 28,529 9,332 52 37,913 Capital Commitments Group 31 Dec 2016 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 RM'000 Capital expenditure commitments: Property and equipment - Authorised and contracted, but not provided for - Authorised but not contracted for 1,711 2,950 4,661 151 1,068 2,123 3,191 Bank 31 Dec 2016 RM'000 31 Dec 2015 RM'000 1,711 2,950 4,661 1,068 1,473 2,541
154. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 46 Equity-based Compensation The Group and the Bank participated in the following equity settled share compensation plans operated by the HSBC Group for the acquisition of HSBC Holdings plc shares. a. Savings-Related Share Option Schemes The Savings-Related Share Option Schemes aims to align the interests of all employees with the creation of shareholder value. under which eligible HSBC employees are granted options to acquire HSBC Holdings ordinary shares. Employees may make monthly contributions up to £250 (or its equivalent in RM) over a period of one, three or five years with the option to use the savings to acquire shares. Alternatively the employee may elect to have the savings repaid in cash. The last grant of options under this plan was in 2012. The options are exercisable within three months following the first anniversary of the commencement of a one-year savings contract or within six months following either the third or the fifth anniversary of the commencement of three-year or five-year savings contracts, respectively. The exercise price is set at a 20% discount to the market value immediately preceding the date of invitation. The cost of the awards is amortised over the vesting period. Movements in the number of share options held by employees are as follows: Group 2016 Number ('000) 116 3 (38) (15) 66 Balance at 1 January Granted in the financial year Exercised in the financial year Lapsed in the financial year Balance at 31 December Options vested at 31 December 2015 Weighted average exercise price (£) 4.55 4.31 4.55 4.82 4.48 Number ('000) 467 6 (294) (63) 116 38 294 2016 RM'000 Compensation cost recognised during the financial year Weighted average exercise price (£) 4.26 4.46 4.25 3.81 4.55 2015 RM'000 (537) 310 Bank 2016 Number ('000) 116 3 (38) (15) 66 Balance at 1 January Granted in the financial year Exercised in the financial year Lapsed in the financial year Balance at 31 December Options vested at 31 December 2015 Weighted average exercise price (£) 4.55 4.31 4.55 4.83 4.48 Number ('000) 461 6 (289) (62) 116 38 2016 RM'000 Compensation cost recognised during the financial year 289 2015 RM'000 (524) The weighted average remaining contractual life for the share options is 1.13 years (2015: 1.30 years). 152 313 Weighted average exercise price (£) 4.26 4.46 4.25 3.80 4.55
155. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 46 Equity-based Compensation (Cont'd) b. Restricted Share Plan and Share Match Schemes The HSBC Holdings Restricted Share Plan is intended to align the interests of executives with those of shareholders by linking executive awards to the creation of superior shareholder value. This is achieved by focusing on predetermined targets. An assessment of performance over the relevant period ending on 31 December is used to determine the amount of the award to be granted. Deferred awards generally require employees to remain in employment over the vesting period and are not subject to performance conditions after the grant date. Deferred share awards generally vest over a period of three years. Vested shares may be subject to a retention requirement (restriction) post-vesting. The cost of the conditional awards is recognised through an annual charge based on the likely level of vesting of shares, apportioned over the period of service to which the award relates. The Share Match Schemes was first introduced in Malaysia in 2014. Eligible HSBC employees will acquire HSBC Holdings ordinary shares. Shares are purchased in the market each quarter up to a maximum value of £750 or the equivalent in local currency over a period of one year. Matching awards are added at a ratio of one free share for every three purchased. Matching awards vest subject to continued employment and the retention of the purchased shares for a maximum period of two years and nine months. Balance at 1 January Additions during the financial year Released in the financial year Balance at 31 December Compensation cost recognised during the financial year Group 2016 Number ('000) 831 533 (455) 909 2015 Number ('000) 810 520 (499) 831 Bank 2016 Number ('000) 807 530 (434) 903 2015 Number ('000) 785 494 (472) 807 2016 RM'000 2015 RM'000 2016 RM'000 2015 RM'000 10,423 16,847 10,999 16,479 The weighted average purchase price for all shares purchased by HSBC for awards under the Restricted Share Plan and the Share Match Schemes is £4.12 (2015: £5.27). The weighted average fair value of the HSBC share at 31 December 2016 for the share granted during the year was £5.01 (2015: £5.71). The weighted average remaining vesting period as at 31 December 2016 was 3.77 years (2015: 3.98 years). 153
156. HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad 127776-V NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Cont'd) 47 Comparative Figures The presentation and classification of items in the financial statements are consistent with the previous financial year except those listed below. Comparatives for net fee commission income, other operating expenses and income from islamic banking operations were restated to conform to the current financial year’s presentation. There was no significant impact to the financial performance and ratios in relation to the financial year ended 31 December 2016. The Group's and the Bank's prior year profit and loss and retained profits brought forward are not affected by these reclassifications. Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income 31 Dec 2015 a) Group RM'000 RM'000 As restated As previously stated Net Fee and Commission Income (of which the affected components are disclosed below) : Fee and Commission Expense Others b) Other operating expenses (of which the affected components are disclosed below) : 408,956 435,497 408,985 435,526 (73,495) (46,954) (73,496) (46,955) 1,495,784 1,535,171 1,391,875 1,418,416 67,444 106,831 56,806 83,347 Income from Islamic Banking operations (of which the affected components are disclosed below) : 545,533 558,379 - - Income derived from investment of shareholders funds 119,876 132,722 - - Promotion and marketing related expenses c) Bank RM'000 RM'000 As restated As previously stated 154