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Tajikistan: Food Security and Poverty №1– 2016

IM Research
By IM Research
8 years ago
Tajikistan: Food Security and Poverty №1– 2016

Ard, Arif, Mal, Commenda, Sales

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  1. Food Security and Poverty №1– 2016 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan 109
  2. Editorial board : Hasansoda G. - Chairman of Editorial Board Shokirzoda Sh.- Deputy Chairman of Editorial Board Members of editorial board: Asoev A., Davlatzoda K.,Odilov U., Kasimov H., Ismoilova Z., Gafurov Sh., Kulov A., Asmatbekov F., Nadjibulloev A. Responsible for: - sections of the Bulletin Vital and Employment Statistics Kulov A.N. Social Statistics Budnikova E.V. 227-94-88 Prices and Tariffs Nadjibulloev A. 227-94-89 Finances / Gross Domestic Product Ismailova Z. Trade, External Activity Asmatbekov F. 227-82-66 Agriculture, Nature and Environment Statistics Hodjaev Z. 227-81-14 -preparation of the main document, systematization of parts, and design: 227-80-88 227-98-71 Economic Analysis and International Relations Department Kosimov H. Tel. 221-23-87 e-mail: stat@tojikiston.com -publication: Chief of Central Computer Center of the Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan Odilov U. Tel: 227-96-09 110Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
  3. Food Security and Poverty Introduction In accordance with European Commission Matrix on Policy Reform of Memorandum of Understanding on Food Security Program in the Republic of Tajikistan the decision about preparation and publishing of Quarterly Food Security Bulletin was made to ensure system of reliable operative information and analysis of current food security situation in the Republic of Tajikistan . The Bulletin is being published on Tajik, Russian, and English languages on quarterly basis, starting from 2005. “Food security presumes that all people have access, at all time, to sufficient food required for an active and healthy life. Food security also means physical availability of food in sufficient quantities, accessibility of those foodstuffs for households (through the market and other sources, that suppose sufficient purchasing power), as well as consumption of food in quantities required for satisfying of nutritional needs”. The main indicators covered by the Bulletin are production of food, food availability and accessibility, areas under crops, agricultural production and productivity, main climatic conditions, health indicators, water supply, prices, and quantitative indicators reflecting situation on food market. The Appendices to the Bulletin show indicators of Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, information on nutritional status of various socio-economic groups of the population. The presented Quarterly Food Security Information Bulletin of Tajikistan was prepared by the Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan with participation of key Ministries and Departments (Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Health and Social Protection of Population, Ministry of Labor, Migration and Employment, Ministry of Education and Science, Ministry of Transport, Hydrometeorological Agency under the Committee for Nature and Forestry Protection of the Republic of Tajikistan, etc.). The publication is intended both for specialists and all interested persons. All recommendations, suggestions and remarks related to the content of the Bulletin should be addressed to the Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan at the following address: 17 Bokhtar Street Dushanbe 734025 Tajikistan Tel. (992 372) 212387, Fax (992 372) 214375 email: stat@tojikiston.com http://www.stat.tj Remark: Currently, the data on food balance are being revised with consideration of the recommendations proposed by the Expert from FAO’s Statistical Division under the Support to Strengthening of National. Food Security Information System Project, implemented by Statistical Agency and FAO. Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 111
  4. Food Security and Poverty CONTENTS Introduction .........................................................................................................................108 Overview .............................................................................................................................114 CHAPTER I. SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS ....................................................116 1.1. Gross Domestic Product ..........................................................................................116 1.2. Price and Tariff Indices ...........................................................................................117 1.3. Foreign trade ...........................................................................................................117 1.4. Labor market ...........................................................................................................118 CHAPTER II. AVAILABILITY OF FOOD ..................................................................119 2.1. Growth in agricultural production ...........................................................................119 2.1.1 Outlook of agricultural production ....................................................................120 2.1.2. Crop production................................................................................................120 2.1.3. Livestock production ......................................................................................121 2.2. Producer prices ........................................................................................................122 2.3. Trade in basic foodstuffs .........................................................................................124 2.4. Availability of food per capita.................................................................................125 CHAPTER III. ACCESS TO FOOD ..............................................................................126 3.1. Consumer prices ......................................................................................................129 3.2. Incomes and Expenditures ......................................................................................129 3.2.1. Incomes ............................................................................................................129 3.2.2. Expenditures ....................................................................................................130 3.3. Poverty in the Republic of Tajikistan ......................................................................131 3.3.1. Food insecurity: households with spend more than 70% of expenditures on food.................................................................................................................................131 CHAPTER IV. USE AND UTILIZATION ....................................................................131 4.1. Consumption of food products by the population ...................................................132 4.2. Food security indicators not related to income .......................................................133 4.2.1. Population morbidity .................................................................................133 4.2.2. Breastfeeding of children...........................................................................134 4.2.3. Social Protection in the Republic of Tajikistan .........................................135 4.2.4. Birth, mortality, and natural population growth rates ...............................136 METHODOLOGY............................................................................................................139 112Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
  5. Food Security and Poverty Appendix 1 . Changes in average wholesale prices in Tajikistan ........................................142 Appendix 2. Changes in average consumer prices in Tajikistan.........................................143 Appendix 3. Money incomes, expenditures and consumption of households, by decile population groups in the Republic of Tajikistan .................................................................145 Appendix 4. Distribution of households and population in them by per capita income in the Republic of Tajikistan ...............................................................................................147 Appendix 5. Structure of average monthly expenditures of population in the Republic of Tajikistan.........................................................................................................................148 Appendix 6. Per capita consumption of food in the Republic of Tajikistan .......................152 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 113
  6. Food Security and Poverty OVERVIEW According to preliminary estimates , Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for JanuaryMarch 2016 was valued at 9332.0 million somoni, and increased by 6.5% as compared to the similar period of 2015 (in constant prices). The value of gross agricultural output in January - March 2016 in all categories of farms increased by 4.6% as compared to the similar period of 2015 and amounted to 1101.0mln.somoni (in comparable prices), of which: plant products– 4.5mln.somoni (increased by 15.4%), and animal products – 1094.1mln.somoni (increased by 5.3%). In January – March 2016, farms of all categories produced 31613 tons of meat (slaughtered) (or 106.0% as compared to the similar period of the previous year) and 163821 tons of milk (104.0%). In January - March 2016, the imports of food products decreased by 14.8% as compared to January - March 2015, of which the import of flour decreased by 30.1%, spaghetti, noodles, elbow and other products – by 42.3%, milk and dairy products – by 32.0%, fruits and berries – by 33.5%,sugar and pastry increased by 24.1%, eggs – by 86.0%, At the same time, the imports of wheat – by 18.1% and tea – by twice increased. Since the beginning of 2016 most of all rose apples - by 19.3%, peas - by 12.1%, potatoes - by 11.7%, green tea - by 10.9%, onions - by 9,0%, sugar - by 8.3%, cotton oil - by 7.9%, butter - by 5.4%, vodka - by 2.2% and beef - by 1.8%. At the same time, prices have fallen: carrots - by 24.9%, cabbage - by 12.0%, milk - by 10.6%, eggs - by 4.5%, wheat flour 1st grade –by 3,7%, rice - by 2.7% and mutton - by 1.2%. According to preliminary estimates, the labour force (employed and officially registered unemployed) in March 2016 was estimated at 2285,5 thsd.persons, of them 2231,0 thsd.persons (97.6%) were occupied in the economy, and 54.5thsd.persons (2.4% of labour force) had official status of unemployed In January - March 2016, 5.4thsd.persons were on leave on initiative of administration, of them 2.5thsd.persons (46.5%) were on leave without pay. 0.2thsd. persons were working during incomplete working week / working day. Unemployment rate, including hidden unemployment, reached 2.6% of the total labour force, and decreased by 0.2% as compared to January - March 2015. The most important sources of cash incomes of households in the first quarter of 2016 continued to remain labor incomes (59.0%) and receipts from sales of agricultural products (5.3%). 114Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
  7. Food Security and Poverty During the first quarter of 2016 consumption of bread and bread products amounted to 37 .6 kilograms on average per household member, compared with the first quarter of 2015 increased by 0.4 kg per one household member. Increase of real wages and salaries (deflated by the CPI) in March 2016 made up 5.1% as compared to February 2016; as compared to March 2015, the real wages and salaries decreased by 6.0%. In January - March 2016, real wages and salaries decreased by 2.5% as compared to the similar period of 2015. In March 2016, the lowest wages and salaries in real sector were observed in agriculture, hunting, and forestry (304.29 somoni), as well as fishery (896.07 somoni). As of the end of March 2016, the total arrears in salary payments for the republic (inclusive of arrears for previous years) amounted to 20383,7thsd. somoni, of which the arrears for January - March 2016 accounted for 29.8% (6067,5 thsd.somoni). The highest arrears in salary payments in real sectors remain in agriculture, hunting, and forestry (6120.5thsd.somoni or 30.0% of total arrears), in mining and quarrying - 4933.9 thousand somoni (24. 2%), in manufacturing industry -. 3688.5 thousand somoni (18.1%), electricity, gas and water supply - 782.9 thousand somoni (3.8%). Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 115
  8. Food Security and Poverty CHAPTER 1 . SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS The below socio-economic indicators depict overall economic situation in the country, required for analysis of food security situation. 1.1 GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT According to preliminary estimates, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for January-March 2016 was valued at 9332.0 million somoni, and increased by 6.5% as compared to the similar period of 2015 (in constant prices). The biggest impact was due to increase of production in trade, agriculture, and services. Table 1: Mainsocio-economicindicators 2014 2015 8,4 45606,6 8,5 48401,6 Iquarter of 20161 8,6 9332,0 23,5 12,0 50,5 5523,7 21,9 12,8 53,0 5727,01 6,0 17,4 62,4 х 6,7 6,0 6,5 2,7 0,8 2,2 106,1 105,8 106,0 Price Indices for foodstuffs 107,5 106,8 104,9 Price indices for services Exchange rate of somoni (per 1 US Dollar) 104,3 103,0 104,5 4,9349 6,1645 7,7283 2,4 2,5 2,4 Population, as of the end of period (million) Nominal GDP (mln. somoni) of which (in %): agriculture industry servicesand trade GDP per capita (somoni) GDP growth , in % to the corresponding period of the previous year State budget deficit / surplus (as percentage of GDP) Consumer Price Indices, in % to the corresponding period of the previous year Officially registered unemployment rate, % Number of registered unemployed, thsd.persons 55,5 56,6 53,9 in % to the corresponding period of the previous year 103,0 99,6 97,4 Monthly average wages and salaries (somoni) 819,59 879,21 920,77 in % to the corresponding period of the previous year 117,5 107,3 103,3 Trade balance (mln.USD) -3361,3 -2545,0 -480,5 Share of food in total imports, % 20,5 23,1 20,8 Share of food in total exports, % 4,4 4,8 3,3 1 preliminary evidence.Source: Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan 116Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
  9. Food Security and Poverty 1 .2 Price and Tariff Indices In March 2016, consumer price index constituted 100.2%, of which for foodstuff – 99.7%, non-food products – 100.7%, and paid services to population – 101.0%. In January – March 2016, consumer price index constituted 102.1%, of which for foodstuff – 101.7%, non-food products – 101.8%, and paid services to population – 104.3%. Graph 1: Consumer price indices for foodstuff, non-food products and paid services (at the end of each month, in % to December 2012) 111 110 131 109 128 108 125 107 122 106 119 105 116 113 104 110 103131 128107 102125 122104 119 101116101 113 98 100110 107 XII 104 99101 XII 98 XII 2014 I I I 2015 II III II II IV III III V IV IV Food products VI V V VI Food products Продовольственные товары VII VI VII VIII VII VIII IX X VIII IX 2016 XI IX X XI XII X XII Non-food products I II XI I Non-food products товары Непродовольственные III XII II IV I III V II IV VI III V VI Services Services Услуги In January – March 2016, the increase of prices of foods outpaced those of non-foods. More detailed information on prices of food is available in the section 3 “Access to food”. 1.3 Foreign trade In January - March 2016, foreign trade turnover of the Republic of Tajikistan was valued at 874.2 million USD, decreasing by 92.0mln. USD (or 9.5%) as compared to January - March 2015. The gap between exports and imports determined the deficit of trade balance valued at – 480.4million USD. Tajikistan had foreign trade operations with 91countries, of which 10 CIS countries and 81 far abroad countries. About 49.2% (403.0mln.USD) of foreign trade turnover falls on the CIS countries, and 50.8% (471.2mln.USD) falls on other countries of the world. The deficit of trade balance with CIS countries constituted –308.4million USD, with other countries of the world –172.0million USD. In January - March 2016, the volume of exports amounted to 196.9 mln.USD and increased by 8.2% (or 17.6 mln.USD) as compared to January - March 2015. The volume of imports decreased by 8.2% (or 74.4 mln.USD) and amounted to 677.3 mln.USD Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 117
  10. Food Security and Poverty Major plant products in exports were fruits (1193.1 thsd.USD) and vegetables (1079.9 thsd.USD), while in imports it were wheat (68569.0 thsd.USD) and flour (13380.0 thsd.USD). 1.4 Labor market According to preliminary estimates, the labour force1 (employed and officially registered unemployed) in March 2016 was estimated at 2285.5thsd.persons, of them 2231.0 thsd.persons (97.6%) were occupied in the economy, and 54.5thsd.persons (2.5% of labour force) had official status of unemployed. As of the end of March 2016, the total number of unemployed registered by employment agencies of the Ministry of Labor, Migration and Employment amounted to 54.5thsd. persons, increasing by 0.3% as compared to February 2016. Females accounted for 54.5% of total number of registered unemployed (29.7thsd.persons). The registered unemployment rate was 2.4% of the total labour force. As of the end of March 2016, the majority of registered unemployed were persons without professional qualification or those who lost qualification due to long break in activity (46.7thsd. persons or 85.7% of the total number of registered unemployed). Besides, about 65.4% of the registered unemployed have complete or incomplete secondary education (35.7thsd. persons). The above factors make the process of their employment more difficult. Hidden unemployment means underemployment, when a part of workers are on forced leaves or work during incomplete working week / working day due to downtime. In January - March 2016, 5.4thsd.persons were on leave on initiative of administration, of them 2.5thsd.persons (46.5%) were on leave without pay. 0.2thsd. persons were working during incomplete working week / working day. Unemployment rate, including hidden unemployment, reached 2.6% of the total labour force, and decreased by 0.2% as compared to January - March 2015. Real wages and salaries in January - March 2016decreased by2.5% as compared to the similar period of 2015. In March 2016, the lowest wages and salaries in real sector were observed in agriculture, hunting, and forestry (304.29somoni), as well as fishery (896.07somoni). The highest wages and salaries in real sector were observed in construction (2121.94 somoni), mining industry and quarry mining (2080.40somoni), energy, gas, and water supply industries (1403.58somoni). The average monthly salary in real sector in March 2016 was 1004.27somoni, increasing by 8.4% as compared to March 2015. In service sector, the highest salaries were observed in the area of financial intermediation (2255.90somoni), transport, warehousing, and communication (2040.76somoni), and hotel and restaurant businesses (1076.96somoni). The average monthly salary in the service sector in March 2016 was 954.52somoni, decreased by 3.8% as compared to March 2015. 118Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
  11. Food Security and Poverty Graph 2 : Consumer price indices, nominal and real wages and salaries (December 2011 = 100) 160,000 140,000 120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 2012 декабрь 2013 январь февраль март апрель май июнь июль август сентябрь октябрь ноябрь декабрь 2014 январь февраль март апрель май июнь июль август сентябрь октябрь ноябрь декабрь 2015 январь февраль март апрель май июнь июль август сентябрь октябрь ноябрь декабрь 2016 январь февраль март 40,000 индекс цен на потребительские товары индекс номинальной заработной платы индекс реальной заработной платы As of the end of March 2016, the total arrears in salary payments for the republic (inclusive of arrears for previous years) amounted to 20383.7 thsd. somoni, of which the arrears for January March 2016 accounted for 29.8% (6067.5thsd.somoni). The highest arrears in salary payments in real sectors remain in agriculture, hunting, and forestry (6120.5thsd.somoni or 30.0% of total arrears), in energy, gas, and water supply industries (782.9thsd.somoni or 3.8%), in processing industry (3688.5thsd.somoni or 18.1%), and in mining industry and quarry mining (4933.9thsd.somoni or 24.2%). CHAPTER II. AVAILABILITY OF FOOD Availability refers to the physical presence of food as a result of domestic production or market operations. On country level availability of food is determined by combination of food stocks, commercial imports, food aid and domestic production. The availability is also determined by the following elements: weather conditions, crop yield, livestock and productivity, producer prices for food, food prices in neighboring countries, as well as national policy defining production, trade, distribution and pricing. 2.1. Growth in agricultural production The value of gross agricultural output in January - March 2016 in all categories of farms increased by 4.6% as compared to the similar period of 2015 and amounted to 1101.0mln.somoni (in comparable prices), of which: plant products– 6.9mln.somoni (increased by 15.4%), and animal products – 1094.1mln.somoni (increased by 4.5%). Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 119
  12. Food Security and Poverty 2 .1.1. Outlook for agricultural production Table 2. Water reservoirs as of 31 March 2016 Water reservoirs Kayrakkum Nurek Changes during the month, mln. cubic meters Volume of water in 2016 mln. cubic meters 0,623 0,812 3355 6744 in % to total capacity 80,7 64,2 Volume of water in 2015 mln. in % to total cubic capacity meters 2509 60,4 9354 89,1 2.1.2. Crop production Table 3: Sown area and gross harvest 2014 2015 828,5 830,5 Sown area (thsd.ha) Winter crops 264,7 256,9 Cereal crops 264,7 256,9 Spring crops 563,8 573,6 Cereal crops 147,9 166,8 wheat barley 52,3 62,0 50,9 54,7 Industrial crops Potatoes 207,7 188,6 Vegetables 35,5 39,8 Melons 48,5 55,4 19,4 21,4 Gross harvest, thsd.tons Cereal crops Potatoes 1317,8 1392,8 Vegetables 853,7 887,4 Melons 1549,5 1667,9 Source: Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan Iquarter of 2016 345,6 191,8 191,8 153,8 73,8 34,7 33,8 5,9 6,0 18,0 5,0 1,6 In January-March 2016, farms of all categories produced 1620 tons of vegetables, which is higher by 13.3% than the production at the same period of the previous year. Spring crops As of 1 April 2016, spring agricultural crops were sown by agricultural enterprises and dehkan farms on the area of 153770 ha, of them an increase of 18.5% against the same period last year. Of the total area, planted 73 842 ha - of cereals and leguminous plants (without maize), 2548 ha corn, 41196 ha - industrial crops, including cotton - 28926 ha, 5982 ha - potatoes, 18025 ha 120Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
  13. Food Security and Poverty vegetables , 68 ha - seeds of vegetables, 5038 ha - melons and 7071 ha - forage crops. Compared with the same period last year planted more grains and legumes (without maize) by 13.6%, corn by 54.6%, industrial crops by 40.5%, including cotton 55.6%, potatoes by 5.9%, vegetables by 10.6%, vegetable seeds by 74.4% and melons by 14.6%/ Forage crops compared to the same period last year, planted less by 5.0%. 2.1.3. Livestock production As of 1 April 2016, a number of cattle in farms of all categories amounted to 2216.2thsd.heads (increasing by 54.5thsd.heads or 2.5% as compared to the similar date of the previous year). Number of sheep and goats increased by 199.7thsd.heads or 3.8%, amounting to 5483.2thsd.heads. About 92.7% of cattle and 80.6% of sheep and goats belong to population’ farm businesses. A number of cattle in farms of GBAO increased by 1.3%, Sogd oblast – by 4.8%, Khatlon oblast – by 1.6%, and RRS – by 1.9%. Table 4: Main indicators of livestock production in the Republic of Tajikistan Iquarter of 2015 2014 2016 Production, thsd.tons Meat (slaughtered) 99,4 108,8 15,8 of which: Beef and veal 44,2 7,0 48,4 Mutton and goats meat 49,4 7,9 54,1 Poultry 1,5 0,2 1,6 Other meat 4,3 0,7 4,7 Milk Eggs, mln. Productivity 1 The average milk yield per cow, kg The average output of eggs per laying hen, pieces 1) agricultural enterprises and dehkan farms 854,7 350,0 888,9 357,2 163,8 79,2 1618 1679 370 223 221 49 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 121
  14. Food Security and Poverty Graph 3 . Production of main live-stock products as of 1 April 2016, in all categories of farms, thsd. tons 25,7 RRS 39,7 7,6 19,4 Khatlon oblast 59,4 12,2 Eggs, mln Milk 33,6 Sogd oblast Meat 63 10,4 0,5 2 1,5 GBAO 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 2.2. Producer prices Table 5: Changes in producer prices 2014 I q. II q. III q. 2015 IV q. I q. II q. III q. (somoni / kg) 2016 IV q. I q. Wheat 1,85 1,32 1,35 1,32 1,22 1,60 1,50 1,52 1,42 Milk 2,57 2,43 2,40 2,30 1,86 2,48 2,10 2,19 1,07 1,28 1,74 1,26 2,00 1,37 1,17 1,32 Potatoes Source: Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan 1,39 0,78 In the first quarter of 2016, the imports of wheat increased by 18.1% as compared to the similar period of the previous year. 122Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
  15. Food Security and Poverty Graph 4 . Trends in producer and retail prices of potato (somoni/kg) 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I 0 Цены производителей Розничные цены Graph 5. Trends in producer and retail prices of milk (somoni/kg) 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I 0 Цены производителей Розничные цены Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 123
  16. Food Security and Poverty Graph 6 . Trends in producer and retail prices of wheat (somoni/kg) 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I II III IV I 0 Цены производителей Розничные цены The given graphs show that the changes in retail prices are higher than in producer’s ones. This trend is specific for all types of agricultural products (see Appendices 1 and 2). 2.3. Trade in basic foodstuffs Share of food products in the total volume of exports of Tajikistan accounted for 3.4% and 3.3% in January - March of 2015 and 2016, respectively. The share of food products in the total volume of imports was well higher and accounted for 24.5% and 20.8%, respectively. The major food products imported to the Republic of Tajikistan were wheat and flour (the greatest share), as well as sugar, vegetable oil, vegetables, fruits, potato, flour products (macaroni, noodles, bread, cakes, pastries), dairy products, eggs, tea and others. In January - March 2016, the imports of food products decreased by 14.8% as compared to January - March 2015, of which the import of flour decreased by 30.1%, spaghetti, noodles, elbow and other products – by 42.3%, milk and dairy products – by 32.0%, fruits and berries – by 33.5%,sugar and confectionery products by 24.1%, eggs by 86.0%. At the same time, the imports increased of wheat – by 1.8% and tea by 2.2 times. 124Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
  17. Food Security and Poverty Table 6 : Exports and Imports of basic food products in the first quarters of 2015 and 2016 (thsd.tons) 2016in 2016in Exports Imports % to % to 2015 2016 2015 2016 2015 2015 Food products 32,2 24,3 75,5 388,5 331,0 85,2 of which wheat 173,5 204,9 118,1 flour 35,6 24,9 69,9 sugar and pastry 0,0 32,0 24,3 75,9 spaghetti, noodles, elbow and other products 5,2 3,0 57,7 vegetable oil 0,0 0,0 17,1 14,9 87,1 milk and dairy products 0,0 0,0 2,5 1,7 68,0 eggs 0,0 0,5 0,07 14,0 tea 0,0 0,7 1,6 228,6 potato 0,1 36,4 1,3 3,5 fresh vegetables 4,3 9,9 230,2 9,3 1,0 10,8 fresh fruits and berries 0,5 0,6 120,0 16,4 10,9 66,5 fruit and vegetable juices 0,0 0,0 0,2 0,16 80,0 canned vegetables, tomatoes 0,0 0,3 0,27 90,0 Share of food products in total volume, % 3,4 3,3 97,1 24,5 20,8 84,9 2.4. Availability of food per capita The availability of food per capita is calculated using a food balance. A food balance shows for each basic food commodity, the total physical availability and utilization of that foodstuff over a given period of time, usually 1 year. Total physical availability is the sum of stocks at the beginning of the period, production and imports of that commodity in a given period of time. Total utilization covers use for human consumption + use as animal seed + seed + losses + exports + stocks at the end of the period. In any one period, the availability and utilization of the same commodity must balance. Drawn up over a succession of years, food balances usually reveal a trend in total availability, imports, exports, and the availability of food for human consumption and for feed use. Dividing the annual amount of food available for human consumption by the population gives a key indicator of availability: the average availability of food per capita per year. This measure of food availability is a national average, which takes no account of households’ access (i.e. ability to produce, purchase or otherwise obtain) to food. Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 125
  18. Food Security and Poverty Table 7 : Consumption of foodstuff per capita (kg / month) Bread products (expressed in grain) Potatoes Vegetables and melons Fruits and berries Sugar and confectionery items Meat and meat products Milk and dairy products Eggs (pieces) Vegetable oil Fish and fish products 1st quarter of 2015 12,41 2,61 5,01 1,70 1,12 1,09 4,86 5,84 1,30 0,02 1nd quarter of 2016 12,55 3,02 5,73 1,64 1,16 1,13 4,97 6,13 1,37 0,03 Source: Household Budget Surveys CHAPTER III. ACCESS TO FOOD Access to food refers to the ability of households to obtain adequate safe and appropriate foods to meet their needs for a healthy and active life. Access can be through production for own consumption, market purchases or donations / transfers. 3.1. Consumer prices In March 2016 the prices decreased most significantly from the observed food products: milk - by 5.3%, wheat flour 1st grade – by 4.2%, onion - by 3,5%, carrot - by 2.2 %, eggs - by 1.4%, rice - by 1.2% and sugar - by 1.1%. However, over the past month increased the prices for apples - by 11.0%, buckwheat - by 7.2%, butter - by 3.7%, cabbage - by 1.1% and mutton - by 0,6%; please see Table 8 and Appendix 2 for details. Table 8: Prices for some food products in consumer’s sector (average for Republic) as of the end of the corresponding period; in Somoni; per kg, liter, piece Beef Animal oil Cotton oil Milk Eggs (10 pieces) Sand sugar Salt 2015 March December 33,51 30,30 34,79 36,75 8,52 9,51 3,64 3,87 7,01 7,36 5,10 6,07 0,88 0,88 January 29,97 37,25 10,18 3,78 7,27 6,83 0,89 2016 February 30,83 37,25 10,33 3,65 7,12 6,64 0,92 126Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 March 30,83 38,45 10,29 3,46 7,03 6,57 0,92
  19. Food Security and Poverty 2015 March December 3 ,33 3,41 Light wheat flour Bread made from light wheat flour Rice Potatoes Onion Carrot Apples Vodka 4,00 7,55 2,67 3,22 1,00 7,89 15,21 4,36 8,39 1,69 1,60 1,24 5,74 16,85 January 3,55 2016 February 3,43 March 3,10 4,36 8,18 1,79 1,78 1,04 5,70 16,67 4,32 8,33 1,89 1,81 0,95 6,17 16,67 4,30 8,24 1,89 1,74 0,93 6,85 16,67 In January - March 2016, the highest increase in prices was registered for apples - by 19.3%, peas - by 12.1%, potatoes - by 11.7%, green tea - by 10.9%, onion at –by 9.0%, sugar by 8, 3%, cotton oil - by 7.9%, butter - by 5.4%, vodka - by 2.2% and beef - by 1.8%. At the same time, a decrease in prices was registered for carrots - by 24.9%, cabbage - by 12.0%, milk - by 10.6%, eggs - by 4.5%, wheat flour 1st grade - by 3.7%, rice –by 2.7% and mutton - by 1.2%. Graphs 7: Average monthly retail prices for potatoes (somoni / kg) 4,5 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 декабрь ноябрь октябрь сентябрь август июль июнь май апрель март февраль январь 0 2016 Potatoes.Retail prices of potatoes are subject to seasonal fluctuations and also to fluctuations in supply and demand. The highest seasonal price is normally recorded in the second quarter of each year, prior to the first new harvest. In March 2015, the price of potato was 2.67 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 127
  20. Food Security and Poverty somoni per kg , decreasing by 3% as compared to March 2014; by June 2015, the price of potato fell to 1.73 somoni per kg. In September 2015, the price of potato reached 1.92 somoni per kg, increasing by 11% as compared to June 2015. InDecember 2015, thepriceofpotatoslightlydecreasedto 1.74 somoniperkg. In March 2016 the price per kg of potatoes as compared to March 2015 decreased by 20.3% and amounted to 1.89 somoni per kg.(see Graph 7). Graph 8: Average monthly retail prices for flour (somoni / kg) 3,7 3,6 3,5 3,4 3,3 3,2 3,1 3 2,9 2,8 2,7 2,6 2,5 2,4 2,3 2,2 2,1 2 1,9 1,8 1,7 1,6 1,5 1,4 1,3 1,2 1,1 1 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 декабрь ноябрь октябрь сентябрь август июль июнь май апрель март февраль январь 2016 Flour. In 2013 the price of flour was continuously decreasing. In April 2014, the price of flour started to increase and reached 2.80 somoni per kg by the end of June 2014, 2.88 somoni in September 2014, 3.19 somoni per kg in December 2014. In 2015, the price of flour continued to increase: 3.33 somoni per kg in March, 3.43 somoni per kg in June, and 3.47 somoni per kg in September 2015. Starting fom November 2015, the price of flour started to decrease and fell to 4.41 somoni per kg in December 2015.In March 2016 the price per kg of flour compared to March 2015 decreased by 7.0% and amounted to 3.10 somoni per kg (see Graph 8). 128Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
  21. Food Security and Poverty 3 .2. Incomes and expenditures The source of information on household incomes and expenditures are the Household Budget Surveys. Starting from January 2009, the surveys are being conducted on a quarterly basis with coverage of 3000 households; while in 2008, the surveys were conducted monthly with coverage of 925 households. The following information is being collected: demographic information / family composition; housing and infrastructure; consumption, including domestically manufactured items; economic activity in both agricultural and non-agricultural sectors. 3.2.1. Incomes In January – March 2016, the real per capita cash income was 249.99somoni per a month, decreasing by 5.4% as compared to January- March 2014 (See Table 9). Table 9: Trends in population incomes and expenditures 1 quarter of 2015 Average per capita incomes (somoni / month) Growth in real incomes (%) Average monthly salary Growth in real salary (%) Average per capita expenditures (somoni/month) Growth in real expenditures (%) 1 quarter of 2016 249,31 249,99 99,5 94,6 891,29 920,77 99,4 97,5 240,40 245,13 99,2 96,2 Source: Household Budget Surveys and current statistical data The most important sources of cash incomes of households in the first quarter of 2016 continued to remain labor incomes (59.0%) and receipts from sales of agricultural products (5.3%). The gap between the average incomes of the highest and the lowest deciles amounted to 10.8 times. 3.2.2. Expenditures In the reporting period, the gap between expenditures of the highest and the lowest deciles was 2.8times. Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 129
  22. Food Security and Poverty Graph 9 : Growth of per capita expenditures by decile groups In the first quarters of 2015 and 2016 800,00 Urban All Households Rural 700,00 600,00 500,00 400,00 300,00 200,00 100,00 0,00 10% наименее обеспеченного населения 10% наиболее обеспеченного населения 1 квартал 2015 of 1st quarter 10% наименее обеспеченного населения 10% наиболее обеспеченного населения 10% наименее обеспеченного населения 10% наиболее обеспеченного населения 2015 st 1 квартал 2016 1 quarter of 2016 в среднем расходы на душу населения за 1in квартал 2015 г. Average per capita expenditures 1st quarter of 2015 st 2016г. в среднем расходы на душу населения за 1 квартал Average per capita expenditures in 1 quarter of 2016 3.3. Poverty in the Republic of Tajikistan Poverty and food & nutrition insecurity are closely related and form a vicious circle. Food and nutrition insecurity is defined as “When people lack secure access to sufficient amounts of safe and nutritious food for normal growth and development and an active and healthy life. It may be caused by the unavailability of food, insufficient purchasing power, inappropriate distribution, or inadequate use of food at the household level. Food insecurity, poor conditions of health and sanitation, and inappropriate care and feeding practice are the major causes of poor nutritional status. Food insecurity may be chronic (persistent), seasonal or transitory. 130Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
  23. Food Security and Poverty 3 .3.1. Food insecurity: households spending more than 50% of expenditures on food Food insecurity means a situation when people have no regular physical, economic or social access to adequate quantities of qualitative and safe food required for their nutrition, which meets their preferences for an active and healthy life. In the first quarter of 2016, share of expenditures for food in the structure of the total household’s expenditures in urban area increased by 0.7% as compared to the first quarter of 2015; in rural areas it decreased by 0.7%. Share of expenditures for food among households having 3 and more children decreased by 3.2%, while among pensioners this indicator decreased by 9.8% (see Table 10). Table 10: Share of consumer expenditures for food in the total structure of household expenditures (in %) Republic of Tajikistan Urban Rural Regions Dushanbe GBAO Soghd oblast Khatlon oblast RRS Vulnerable groups of population Households having 3 and more children Pensioners 1 quarter of 2015 58,2 1 quarter of 2016 58,0 55,1 59,8 55,8 59,1 56,1 62,4 48,8 63,8 64,0 59,9 60,0 50,9 61,0 61,6 64.8 55,0 More detailed information on expenditures, incomes and deciles is available in Appendix 5. CHAPTER IV. USE AND UTILIZATION Use of food refers to the selection, composition, preparation and allocation of food within the family. Utilization of food refers to the ability of human body to take and use food within the body. Food consumption covers knowledge of appropriate diets, and proper allocation of food within the family. The ability of the body to utilize food is affected by its state of health and access to clean drinking water, access to basic health services, etc. The ultimate measure of food security is the nutritional status of the population. Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 131
  24. Food Security and Poverty 4 .1. Consumption of food products by the population In 2015, the average daily calorie intake per one household member was 2378.25 Kcal per capita against 2280.4 Kcal per capita in 2014, which was slightly above the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) (2100 Kcal per a day). In the first quarter of 2016, the average daily calorie intake per one household member was 2374.85 Kcal per capita against 2339.26 Kcal per capita in the first quarter of 2015. In January - March 2016, consumption of bread and bread products exceeded the approved medical norm by 17.9% in all regions of Tajikistan and amounted on average to 37.6 kg per one household member. In January - March 2016, the average consumption of potato in Tajikistan amounted to 9.18 kg per capita, vegetables and melons – 17.2 kg, milk and dairy products – 14.9 kg, meat and meat products – 3.4 kg, vegetable oil –3.7 kg, eggs – 18 pieces, sugar and confectionery –3.5 kg, and fruits – 4.9 kg. In the total structure of household’s expenditures for food, bread and bread products occupies the first place (35.5%). It should be noted that the consumption of food products varies by decile groups of the population. Thus, in January - March 2016, the average per capita consumption of potatoes in 10% most well-off population group exceeded that in 10% least well-of population group by 37.6%, meat and meat products – 2.6 times, eggs – 1.8 times, fruits – 2.5 times. Graph 10: Structure of consumer’s basket in March of 2015 and 2016 (as of the end of the month, in %, per one household member) Appendix 6 shows the detailed information on per capita food consumption in households of the Republic of Tajikistan. 22,0 25,4 fruits and vegetables 6,5 7,5 2,4 29,6 8,9 18,9 0,8 March 2015 март 2015 г. vegetable oil sugar eggs bread products dairy products meat products others 7,8 8,8 2,4 31,3 8,7 18,1 0,9 March 2016 март 2016 г. 132Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
  25. Food Security and Poverty Table 11 : Nutritional values of foods consumed per a day (excluding beer and wine) Per one Per one of which: of which: household household member member per per a day urban area rural area a day urban area rural area I quarter of 2015 I quarter of 2016 49,98 47,17 50,92 50,71 48,79 51,41 Proteins, gr. of which animal, gr. 9,26 Fats, gr. 58,78 of which animal, gr. 13,72 Carbohydrate, gr. 361,40 Caloric value of consumed food, k/calories 2339,26 of which animal, gr. 219,13 8,93 57,99 9,37 58,98 9,49 60,82 9,57 62,39 9,47 60,29 14,29 13,50 14,61 15,62 14,25 335,47 370,16 365,42 345,19 372,74 2231,48 2374,47 2374,85 2325,84 2993,15 209,31 222,33 227,74 225,70 228,57 4.2. Food security indicators not related to income 4.2.1 Population morbidity Table 12. Population morbidity caused by some specific infection diseases (cases) 2014 2015 1 quarter of 2015 1 quarter of 2016 Total number of registered cases 69672 73471 6028 7224 Acute enteric infections 49729 55389 2086 1889 1059 857 79 43 96 181 9 3 Acute viral hepatitis 7126 6516 1036 1819 Tuberculosis 4625 4503 1036 909 Brucellosis 943 840 102 150 46862 39245 8102 8700 of which: Bacterial dysentery Typhoid fever Parasitic diseases Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 133
  26. Food Security and Poverty In January – March 2016, incidence of infection diseases among population slightly increased (by 19.8%) as compared to January – March 2015. Cases of acute enteric infections accounted for 26% of the total number of infection diseases. As compared to the similar period of the previous year, the number of cases of acute enteric infections decreased by 9.4%, of which typhoid fever – by 66.7%, while the number of cases of bacterial dysentery by 45.6%/ Cases of acute viral hepatitis accounted for 25.2% of the total number of infection diseases in the first quarter of 2016, and increased by 1.8 times as compared to the first quarter of 2015. The number of registered cases of brucellosis increased by 47.1% and parasitic diseases- by 7.4%. In January- March 2016, a number of registered cases of tuberculosis decreased by 12.3%, as compared to January-March 2015. Table 13. Morbidity of children (0-14 years) by some specific infection diseases (cases) 1quarter of 1quarter of 2014 2015 2015 2016 Total number of registered cases 52108 53111 3805 4711 Acute enteric infections 40843 42829 1617 1290 of which: Bacterial dysentery 559 426 38 14 Typhoid fever 43 76 7 0 Acute viral hepatitis 6083 5549 828 1561 Tuberculosis 262 305 94 51 Brucellosis 85 98 15 18 Parasitic diseases 30716 8373 1898 1687 In January – March 2016, the number of registered cases of infection diseases among children under 18 years old increased by 23.8% as compared to January-March 2015. Cases of acute enteric infections accounted for 27.4% of the total number of infection diseases among under 18 years old. As compared to the similar period of the previous year, a number of the registered cases of acute enteric infections decreased by 20.0%, of bacterial dysentery – by 63.2%. In the first quarter of 2016, cases of acute viral hepatitis accounted for 33% of the total number of infection diseases among children under 18 years old. As compared to the similar period of the previous year, a number of registered cases of acute viral hepatitis decreased by 1.9 times, brucellosis – by 20.0%/ At the same time, a number of registered cases of tuberculosis among children under 18 years old decrease by 45.7%, parasitic - by 11%. 4.2.2 Breastfeeding of children The implementation of BreastfeedingProgram is being continued to ensure exclusive breastfeeding of new-born children and decrease in their morbidity and mortality. 134Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
  27. Food Security and Poverty Table 14 . Breastfeeding of children during the first year of life Number of children exclusively breastfed during: 0-6 months as percentage of the total number of children aged 1 year in the reporting period 2014 2015 202175 226755 88,9 91,8 Source: Ministry of Health Care of the Republic of Tajikistan 4.2.3 Social Protection in the Republic of Tajikistan Table 15: Social benefits by types somoni Types of social benefits Children-invalids 1 Invalids from childhood 2 of which: st of 1 group of 2nd group of 3nd group Invalids due to industrial injuries of 1st group of 2nd group of 3rd group Invalids due to occupational disease of 1st group of 2nd group of 3rd group Invalids due to general disease of 1st group of 2nd group of 3rd group Elderly citizens (old-age pension) Elderly citizens in high-mountainous regions 3 Women born 5 and more children Mothers - invalids from childhood Children in case of loss of bread-winner 2012 2013 2014 2015 107,51 104,65 139,85 129,68 148,45 133,29 155,08 136,59 105,48 103,58 47,90 201,20 216,89 231,40 173,39 200,51 423,05 202,99 192,00 251,11 263,62 242,64 227,30 176,54 144,44 133,56 80,57 249,66 279,73 298,48 214,46 500,45 130,00 516,02 443,96 308,00 333,24 316,17 274,10 227,38 133,92 133,67 84,03 253,05 282,94 290,13 223,92 510,48 310,12 520,39 480,21 300,58 318,34 300,07 296,17 237,33 138,38 137,45 81,28 258,36 286,29 280,21 241,28 484,04 505,40 415,26 301,92 318,18 296,63 308,07 234,76 435,25 538,18 532,32 543,65 139,44 203,12 360,93 365,01 124,94 195,94 133,83 198,73 111,99 157,10 185,55 180,97 Source: State Agency on Social Insurance and Pensions at the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan 1) Minimum size of disability benefits for children aged 0-18 2) Average size of monthly social benefits 3) Persons who worked and lives permanently in Murgab region of GBAO Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 135
  28. Food Security and Poverty As of 1 January 2016 , 106211 persons received monthly social benefits, of them 65977 persons (62.1%) were disabled persons. The average size of social benefit in 2015 was 125.90somoni; the average size of social benefit to invalids from childhood was 136.59somoni. 4.2.4. Birth, mortality, and natural population growth rates In January – March 2016, offices of civil registration registered 57.2thsd. births1 (births registered within the stipulated period, excluding re-registration of births for the previous years) and 9.1thsd. deaths, of which 0.7thsd. deaths fell on the children below 1 year. According to preliminary estimates, the average birth and mortality rates amounted to 26.6 and 4.2per 1000 population, respectively. Table 16: Registered births, deaths, and natural population growth in 2015 and 2016 Number of registered births Number of registered Natural population (registered within the deaths growth stipulated period) Number 2015 1 quarter 2 quarter 3 quarter 4 quarter Year 2014 2016 1 quarter in % to the corresponding period of the previous year Number in % to the corresponding period of the previous year Number in % to the correspondi ng period of the previous year 53851 53743 55414 69900 232908 100,8 107,5 95,6 102,6 101,5 8720 8620 7309 8231 32880 107,5 104,1 97,8 103,8 103,4 45131 45123 48105 61669 200028 99,6 108,2 95,3 102,5 101,2 57237 106,3 9087 104,2 48150 106,7 Increase in the number of registered births was observed in all regions of the republic/. The number of births registered within the statutory period in Sogd oblast increased by 2.0% amounting to 14.7thsd. births, in Khatlon oblast – by 5.8% (23.0thsd.births), in Dushanbe – by 15.9% (3.7thsd.births), in GBAO by 12.6% (1.2thsd. Births) and in RRS – by 8.9% (14.6thsd. births). 1 Registrationofbirthswithinacalendaryear 136Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
  29. Food Security and Poverty Graph 11 . Number of births and deaths registered by offices of civil registration in 2011-2016 Table 17: Registered births, deaths, and natural population growth in January – March of 2015 and 2016 Number of registered births (registered within the stipulated period) 2015 2016 Tajikistan Number of registered deaths 2015 2016 Number 8720 9087 Natural population growth 2015 2016 45131 48150 53851 57237 1082 1218 302 275 780 943 Khatlon oblast 14420 14707 3029 3098 11391 11609 Dushanbe 21774 23037 2925 3138 18849 19899 3209 3718 662 706 2547 3012 Tajikistan 25,9 Per 1000 population 26,6 4,2 4,2 21,7 22,4 GBAO 20,3 22,7 5,7 5,1 14,7 17,6 Sogd oblast 23,6 23,6 5,0 5,0 18,7 18,7 Khatlon oblast 29,3 30,4 3,9 4,1 25,4 26,2 Dushanbe 16,4 18,7 3,4 3,5 13,0 15,1 RRS 27,9 29,6 3,8 3,8 24,1 25,8 GBAO Sogd oblast RRS Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 137
  30. Food Security and Poverty In January – March 2016, the total number of registered deaths was 9.1thsd., increasing by 4.2% as compared to the similar period of the previous year. Increase in the number of registered deaths (as compared to January-March 2015) was observed in Sogd oblast (by 2.3%, 3.1thsd. deaths), Khatlon oblast (by 7.3%, 3.1thsd. deaths), RRS (by 3.8%, 1.9thsd. deaths), and Dushanbe (by 6.6%, 706 deaths). In GBAO registration of deaths in January - March 2016 compared to the same period in 2015 decreased by 8.9% and amounted to 275 people. According to preliminary estimates, the natural population growth in January –March 2016 was 48.2thsd.persons (22.4 persons per 1000 population) and increasing by 6.7% as compared to January –March 2015. Table 18: Population number The below Table shows the population number, including registered births, deaths, and migration: Population number as of 01.04.2016, thsd.persons Republic of Tajikistan in % to the corresponding period of 2015 8593,6 102,4 217,7 101,3 Sogd oblast 2519,3 102,2 Khatlon oblast 3066,6 102,5 805,6 101,8 1984,4 102,6 of which in: GBAO Dushanbe RRS 138Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
  31. Food Security and Poverty METHODOLOGY 1 . Methodology of food security analysis “Food and nutrition security is achieved if adequate food (quantity, safety, quality, social cultural acceptance) is available and accessible for and satisfactory used and utilized by all individuals at all time to live a healthy and active life”. Availability physical existence of quantitatively and qualitatively adequate and safe food items. Access: all households and household members have sufficient resources to obtain appropriate food (through production, purchase or donation) Use and utilization: adequate knowledge, health and sanitation to enable the human body to digest and utilize that food Stability: continuous ensuring of availability of, access to and appropriate use and utilization of food. If not, individuals will suffer from chronic or transitory food insecurity For case of reference the four pillars of food and nutrition security are pictured below: All four dimensions need to be fulfilled if there is to be food and nutrition security. As individuals and households live in a society, the 4 dimensions of FNS need to co-exist at all levels, from the individual and household level (micro level), to the community (village, rayon, oblast) level, representing the meso level, and the nation and global level (macro level). To monitor food security it is necessary to select relevant indicators and to measure these indicators at regular intervals. Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 139
  32. Food Security and Poverty 2 . Food balance methodology Food balances for basic foodstuffs are compiled in natural terms. In the course of the compilation of the food balance, the closing stocks as of December 31 in one year become the opening stocks on January 1 in the following year. With regard to imports and exports of products, the official data was used, in respect of production preliminary data. Seed use is calculated on areas sown with agricultural crops as well as actual amount of seeds used for 1 ha. The calculation of lost was made according to the official norms. In order to determine the number of eggs for the incubation the actual number of poultry offspring as well as norms on the number of chicken from the eggs laid for incubation. The calculation of the volume of food products consumed by population as well as expenses on animal feeding was based on the data obtained during the survey of 3000 households. The calculation of meat consumption also included the meat consumed in the course of observing national traditions (funeral, weddings, religious feasts, etc.) 140Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
  33. Food Security and Poverty Glossary The unemployed- people of 16 and more who during period under review had no job (profitable occupation); were in search for a job i.e. applied to public employment offices or used alternative ways of job finding as well as were ready to start working. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)- a general indicator of economic activity which is calculated in basic and market prices (nominal GDP) and in comparable prices (real GDP). Consumer price index on goods and paid services to the population (CPI)- characterizes the change in the general price level for goods and services over time. The index measures the correlation of the value of actually set of goods and services during the given period to the value thereof during the basic period. Average nominal monthly salary is calculated by dividing actually accrued salary fund to the staff and part-time employees by the number used for the calculation of average salary and number of months in a year during corresponding period. Average daily per capita calorie intake measure the calories in the consumed food products per one household member as well as chemical composition in protein and fats. Official unemployment rate- the ratio of people officially registered as unemployed to the number of economically active population, expressed in per cent. List of abbreviations GDP Gross Domestic Product GBAO Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast CPI Consumer price index on goods and paid services to the population RRS Regions of republican subordination MDG Millennium Development Goals Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 141
  34. Food Security and Poverty APPENDIX 1 . CHANGES IN AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES (SUPPLY) IN TAJIKISTAN (somoni / kg) I quarter 2014 GBAO Soghd Oblast Khatlon Oblast RRS Average in the Republic 2015 II quarter 2016 2014 2015 III quarter 2016 0,98 2,50 1,39 1,16 1,0 0,78 1,30 1,31 2,70 2,0 1,50 1,84 1,10 1,52 2,34 1,28 1,37 0,80 1,59 1,74 3,84 2014 2015 IV quarter 2016 2014 2015 2016 Potatoes 3,50 2,5 0,90 0,78 1,19 1,4 0,99 1,2 3,0 1,1 2,0 2,1 2,0 1,14 1,39 1,46 2,50 1,40 1,60 1,70 3,46 1,29 2,0 2,0 2,20 1,00 1,38 1,76 1,17 1,2 2,0 1,32 1,60 2,86 1,39 Milk 4,0 4,0 4,0 3,2 3,90 4,0 3,7 GBAO Soghd Oblast 4,0 4,0 5,0 3,72 1,47 1,68 1,62 2,59 1,40 1,44 1,4 1,5 1,57 2,60 1,48 1,51 Khatlon Oblast 1,79 1,90 2,0 2,93 1,78 1,81 0,43 1,6 1,87 3,00 1,5 1,98 RRS 2,88 1,87 2,86 2,35 2,85 2,83 2,2 2,8 2,83 2,50 2,80 2,73 Average in the Republic 2,57 1,86 1,07 2,71 2,43 2,48 1,76 2,3 2,10 2,80 2,30 2,19 Wheat 2,0 1,30 1,71 1,42 2,0 1,2 1,2 1,4 2,0 1,2 1,6 1,2 2,0 1,2 1,7 1,3 2,27 1,11 1,21 1,20 2,0 1,17 1,56 1,13 2,52 1,22 1,71 1,50 1,60 1,3 1,4 1,50 1,33 1, 32 1,52 GBAO Soghd Oblast Khatlon Oblast RRS Average in the Republic 142 1,30 2,22 1,72 1,31 1,04 1,35 1,36 1,71 2,0 2,0 1,32 1,71 1,20 1,53 1,26 1,85 1,22 1,42 1,43 1,32 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2015
  35. Food Security and Poverty APPENDIX 2 . CHANGES IN AVERAGE CONSUMER PRICES IN TAJIKISTAN in 2014 – 2016 (somoni / kg) 2014 2015 2014 I quarter 2015 Dushanbe Soghd Oblast Khatlon Oblast Average in the Republic 2,99 2,76 2,93 2,89 2,29 1,95 2,16 2,13 2,80 2,28 2,53 2,54 3,15 2,73 2,83 2,90 Dushanbe Soghd Oblast Khatlon Oblast Average in the Republic 3,96 3,00 3,11 3,36 3,90 3,01 3,51 3,47 4,50 3,00 3,43 3,65 4,33 3,00 3,81 3,71 Dushanbe Soghd Oblast Khatlon Oblast Average in the Republic 2,91 2,64 2,89 2,81 3,86 3,65 3,72 3,74 2,76 2,41 2,76 2,64 3,38 3,08 3,26 3,24 Dushanbe Soghd Oblast Khatlon Oblast Average in the Republic 2,20 1,71 1,57 1,81 2,40 1,95 1,87 2,07 2,23 1,51 1,66 1,74 2,09 2,03 1,78 1,97 Dushanbe Soghd Oblast Khatlon Oblast Average in the Republic 8,88 6,53 6,83 7,41 9,73 7,52 7,66 8,31 8,00 5,68 6,85 6,84 9,00 6,93 6,66 7,53 Dushanbe Soghd Oblast Khatlon Oblast Average in the Republic 5,02 4,83 4,86 4,90 5,70 5,59 5,57 5,62 5,08 4,64 4,83 4,85 5,25 5,02 5,00 5,08 II quarter 2016 2014 2015 Potatoes 1,98 3,70 2,10 1,61 3,77 2,08 1,94 3,62 1,86 1,85 3,70 2,01 Milk 4,00 3,67 3,43 3,03 3,00 3,00 3,79 3,00 3,36 3,61 3,22 3,26 Flour of 1st grade 3,40 2,82 3,48 3,14 2,56 3,26 3,36 2,78 3,45 3,30 2,72 3,39 Wheat 2,50 2,30 2,61 1,88 1,66 2,18 1,55 1,87 2,00 1,84 2,08 2,26 Rice 10,50 8,83 9,50 6,89 6,00 7,67 7,31 6,85 7,30 7,23 8,23 8,16 Sand sugar 6,67 5,00 5,48 6,63 4,68 5,52 6,73 4,69 5,47 6,68 4,79 5,49 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2015 143 III quarter 2014 2015 IY quarter 2014 2015 2,40 2,24 2,49 2,38 1,97 1,43 2,01 1,80 3,07 2,75 3,07 2,96 1,93 1,57 1,93 1,81 3,67 3,00 3,00 3,22 3,57 3,00 3,20 3,25 4,00 3,00 3,00 3,33 4,27 3,05 3,67 3,66 2,93 2,69 2,90 2,84 3,57 3,28 3,50 3,45 3,12 2,90 3,11 3,04 5,00 4,98 4,67 4,88 2,11 1,78 1,47 1,79 2,40 1,97 1,81 2,06 2,15 1,87 1,60 1,87 2,50 1,77 1,81 2,03 9,50 7,28 6,90 7,89 10,73 8,37 8,45 8,98 9,17 7,15 6,72 7,68 10,30 7,12 8,23 8,55 5,00 5,00 4,93 4,98 6,02 5,84 5,78 5,88 5,00 4,99 4,98 4,99 6,05 5,99 6,03 6,02
  36. Food Security and Poverty 2014 2015 2014 I quarter 2015 Dushanbe Soghd Oblast Khatlon Oblast Average in the Republic 2 ,15 1,83 2,17 2,05 2,10 1,78 1,98 1,96 1,80 1,01 1,77 1,53 3,10 2,70 3,04 2,95 Dushanbe Soghd Oblast Khatlon Oblast Average in the Republic 9,40 7,69 7,58 8,22 10,27 8,71 8,10 9,02 9,25 7,38 7,65 8,09 9,60 8,04 7,74 8,46 Dushanbe Soghd Oblast Khatlon Oblast Average in the Republic 36,63 35,57 35,29 35,83 36,50 35,95 34,95 35,80 34,67 34,70 32,77 34,04 37,33 36,00 35,96 36,44 Dushanbe Soghd Oblast Khatlon Oblast Average in the Republic 36,04 30,82 33,86 33,57 35,50 32,05 32,68 33,41 33,50 28,59 30,74 30,94 36,50 32,58 33,36 34,15 Dushanbe Soghd Oblast Khatlon Oblast Average in the Republic 17,00 12,73 14,09 14,60 17,00 13,09 15,24 15,11 17,00 13,06 14,27 14,77 18,50 16,52 18,12 17,71 Dushanbe Soghd Oblast Khatlon Oblast Average in the Republic 7,59 6,32 6,96 6,95 7,40 6,30 7,15 6,95 7,33 6,17 6,82 6,77 7,50 6,28 7,07 6,95 144 II quarter 2016 2014 2015 Onion 1,93 1,87 1,90 1,66 1,42 1,97 1,90 1,99 1,86 1,76 1,83 1,91 Cotton oil 11,03 9,33 10,2 10,00 7,64 8,52 9,75 7,53 7,95 10,26 8,17 8,89 Mutton 33,50 37,00 36,00 33,11 36,00 34,58 32,46 35,50 34,20 33,02 36,17 34,93 Beef 32,50 35,17 36,00 29,67 30,16 32,15 29,49 33,23 32,86 30,55 32,85 33,67 Chicken meet 18,00 17,00 17,00 13,66 13,00 12,45 15,00 15,24 13,69 15,55 15,08 14,38 Eggs (10 pieces) 7,60 7,43 7,33 6,50 6,08 6,05 7,26 6,72 6,88 7,12 6,75 6,74 III quarter 2014 2015 IY quarter 2014 2015 2,30 2,19 2,36 2,28 1,70 1,25 1,41 1,45 2,57 2,48 2,62 2,55 1,72 1,21 1,61 1,51 9,50 7,83 7,60 8,31 10,57 8,95 8,16 9,23 9,50 7,92 7,53 8,31 10,70 9,33 8,55 9,53 37,83 36,67 37,03 37,08 36,33 36,05 35,04 35,81 38,00 36,62 37,14 37,25 35,33 35,73 33,39 34,82 37,83 32,16 35,68 35,22 35,67 32,15 33,14 33,65 37,67 32,38 35,79 35,28 33,83 31,32 31,36 32,17 17,00 12,49 14,10 14,53 17,00 13,00 15,24 15,08 17,00 12,91 14,30 14,74 17,00 13,38 15,24 15,21 7,93 6,63 7,20 7,25 7,29 6,06 7,12 6,82 7,67 6,39 7,09 7,05 7,50 6,82 7,52 7,28 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2015
  37. Food Security and Poverty APPENDIX 3 . MONEY INCOMES, EXPENDITURES AND CONSUMPTION OF HOUSEHOLDS IN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN, BY DECILE POPULATION GROUPS (according to sampling household budget survey) of which: All households the poorest 10% of population Urban the poorest 10% of population the richest 10% of population Rural the poorest 10% of population the richest 10% of population the poorest 10% of population 1st quarter 1st quarter 1st quarter 1st quarter 1st quarter 1st quarter 1st quarter 1st quarter 1st quarter 1st quarter 1st quarter 1st quarter of 2015 of 2016 of 2015 of 2016 of 2015 of 2016 of 2015 of 2016 of 2015 of 2016 of 2015 of 2016 44,50 61,34 717,96 664,88 110,97 128,22 872,01 765,33 21,64 38,56 664,61 629,55 24,91 34,81 325,93 316,69 80,45 97,45 518,91 507,48 80,45 13,51 259,00 251,08 social payments (pension, scholarships, benefits and other payments) 9,41 11,90 29,90 28,29 11,91 14,31 36,12 34,76 8,55 11,07 27,75 26,04 receipts from sales of agricultural products, feeds, livestock, etc. 0,22 0,84 104,13 78,19 - 0,29 1,12 140,29 104,76 other incomes (including remittances) 9,96 13,79 258,00 241,70 18,92 16,46 316,99 223,09 6,98 12,86 237,57 247,67 184,40 181,83 518,13 504,96 167,33 162,86 696,91 656,01 190,27 188,01 456,16 452,61 163,35 164,40 446,60 440,52 159,83 148,42 625,95 590,60 164,56 169,59 384,43 388,61 103,67 99,43 203,69 205,39 0 94,57 276,72 283,63 106,81 100,93 178,38 178,36 purchase of nonfoods for personal consumption 32,03 38,81 159,42 150,84 0 25,93 222,06 168,75 33,82 43,12 137,71 144,49 services 27,61 25,96 82,89 83,92 38,50 27,91 126,77 138,06 23,86 25,27 67,67 65,31 0,04 0,20 0,60 0,38 0,0 0,00 0,41 0,16 0,06 0,27 0,66 0,45 Money incomes , somoni of which: labor incomes Expenditures, somoni 0,0 of which: consumer expenditures purchase of foods, including public catering purchase of alcoholic beverages Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2015 145
  38. Food Security and Poverty of which : All households the poorest 10% of population Urban the poorest 10% of population the richest 10% of population Rural the poorest 10% of population the richest 10% of population the poorest 10% of population 1st quarter 1st quarter 1st quarter 1st quarter 1st quarter 1st quarter 1st quarter 1st quarter 1st quarter 1st quarter 1st quarter 1st quarter of 2015 of 2016 of 2015 of 2016 of 2015 of 2016 of 2015 of 2016 of 2015 of 2016 of 2015 of 2016 Consumption of main foodstuffs, per 1 household member, kg Bread and bread products 12,14 11,48 13,91 14,00 10,31 9,65 13,35 12,50 12,76 12,07 14,11 14,50 Potatoes 2,62 2,79 3,40 3,84 2,30 2,56 3,82 3,93 2,73 2,87 3,25 3,80 Vegetables and melons 5,09 5,43 6,83 7,22 3,77 3,93 8,00 7,63 5,54 5,92 6,43 7,07 Fruits and berries, including dry 0,80 0,79 1,92 1,98 0,80 0,81 2,61 2,59 0,81 0,78 1,68 1,77 Meat and meat products 0,73 0,77 1,93 2,01 0,66 0,70 2,61 2,58 0,75 0,80 1,69 1,81 Milk and dairy products 4,17 3,90 7,17 7,51 2,42 2,11 8,15 7,43 4,76 4,50 6,83 7,53 Fish and fish products 0,01 0,02 0,05 0,06 0,01 0,01 0,10 0,09 0,01 0,02 0,09 0,05 Eggs (pieces) 0,05 0,05 0,10 0,09 0,04 0,05 0,11 0,11 0,05 0,05 0,03 0,09 Sugar and confectionery 1,10 1,06 1,46 1,54 0,83 0,79 1,47 1,52 1,19 1,15 1,46 1,54 Vegetable oil and other fats 1,18 1,21 1,64 1,71 1,07 1,09 1,59 1,62 1,22 1,25 1,66 1,74 146 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2015
  39. Food Security and Poverty APPENDIX 4 . DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS AND POPULATION IN THEM BY PER CAPITA INCOME IN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN IN 2014 AND 2015 (according to sampling household budget surveys, in %) Distribution by money income in 1st quarter of 2015 Total income Disposable income Number of Number of Population in Population in households households them them surveyed surveyed Total number Below 120.00 120.01-160.00 160.01-200.00 200.01-240.00 240.01-280.00 280.01-320.00 320.01-360.00 360.01-400.00 400.01-440.00 440.01-480.00 480.01-520.00 520.01-560.00 560.01-600.00 600.01-640.00 640.01-680.00 680.01-720.00 720.01-760.00 760.01-800.00 800.01 and above 3000 17369 3000 including those with monthly per capita income (somoni): 19,5 23,3 19,8 12,9 14,8 13,1 11,8 12,9 12,6 10,7 10,9 10,8 8,6 8,5 8,7 7,0 6,4 7,0 5,7 4,9 5,4 4,6 3,9 4,5 3,9 3,2 3,9 2,3 2,0 2,0 2,3 1,8 2,2 1,7 1,4 1,6 1,5 1,1 1,6 1,0 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,5 0,9 0,8 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,6 0,8 0,5 0,3 0,6 3,4 2,0 3,1 17369 23,6 15,1 13,9 10,7 8,5 6,5 4,5 3,7 3,1 1,7 1,8 1,2 1,2 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,5 0,4 1,8 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 Distribution by money income in 1st quarter of 2016 Total income Disposable income Number of Number of Population in Population in households households them them surveyed surveyed Total number 3000 17586 3000 17586 including those with monthly per capita income (somoni): 17,9 21,2 18,0 21,5 Below 120.00 120.01-160.00 12,1 14,2 12,2 14,5 160.01-200.00 11,8 13,0 12,3 13,4 200.01-240.00 11,6 11,8 12,4 12,5 240.01-280.00 9,5 9,6 9,7 9,7 280.01-320.00 7,7 7,3 9,2 6,8 320.01-360.00 6,1 5,3 6,2 5,3 360.01-400.00 4,5 3,9 4,4 3,7 400.01-440.00 3,3 2,7 3,3 2,8 440.01-480.00 3,2 2,6 3,0 2,3 480.01-520.00 2,3 1,7 2,1 1,7 520.01-560.00 1,9 1,4 1,6 1,1 1,3 0,9 1,3 0,9 560.01-600.00 0,7 0,5 0,6 0,4 600.01-640.00 0,7 0,6 0,9 0,6 640.01-680.00 0,8 0,5 0,6 0,5 680.01-720.00 720.01-760.00 0,5 0,3 0,5 0,3 760.01-800.00 0,5 0,3 0,5 0,3 800.01 and above 3,4 1,9 3,0 1,7 147
  40. Food Security and Poverty APPENDIX 5 . STRUCTURE OF AVERAGE MONTHLY EXPENDITURES OF POPULATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN (according to sampling household budget survey) Iquarter of 2015 Iquarter of 2016 Per 1 household member, somoni / month Money expenditures of which: Consumer expenditures including: for foods for nonfoods of which: clothes, footwear, fabrics furniture and cultural and household appliances medicines building materials fuel tobacco goods, makhorka alcoholic beverages services of which: housing and communal services including payments for : 148 of which: Urban area Rural area 249,31 337,55 217,46 220,42 287,13 128,23 Per 1 household member, in % of which: Urban area Rural area 100 100 100 196,29 88,41 85,06 158,32 117,31 58,18 56,08 71,53 50,48 18,23 24,80 15,86 6,52 9,48 5,45 7,53 9,86 5,44 Per 1 household member, somoni / month of which: Urban area Rural area 245,13 316,65 219,13 90,26 225,36 293,05 55,14 59,76 130,70 25,44 24,91 25,72 32,51 34,67 31,42 11,63 13,25 10,80 6,68 13,43 13,78 6,87 4,92 9,70 2,43 0,95 2,94 0,31 0,27 0,0 Per 1 household member, in % of which: Urban area Rural area 100 100 100 200,77 91,93 92,55 91,62 163,533 118,72 58,00 55,80 59,13 55,78 67,97 51,32 24,75 23,19 25,56 18,35 24,14 16,25 32,90 35,52 31,66 6,79 7,88 6,37 12,17 11,59 12,41 13,23 9,79 13,49 8,45 17,55 19,85 16,47 9,60 9,75 6,55 4,75 7,18 11,74 6,99 13,99 4,33 1,33 5,82 1,54 1,12 1,69 2,76 1,65 3,29 0,33 0,55 0,38 0,65 0,31 0,20 0,35 0,56 0,29 0,68 0,0 0,0 0,36 0,09 0,49 28,20 0,0 14,37 0,06 57,20 0,0 19,92 0,20 35,87 0,0 16,27 37,14 60,37 28,79 16,48 20,60 14,34 12,77 25,18 8,33 35,60 44,02 29,54 12,95 27,27 8,31 34,87 45,17 28,86 0,25 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
  41. Food Security and Poverty Iquarter of 2015 Per 1 household member , somoni / month dwelling space communal services o/w electric energy personal services o/w repair and individual manufacture of clothes and footwear cultural and educational services payments for education payments for medical services payments for treatment in sanatoria and health resorts, including rest transport services communication services legal services Taxes, due, and other payments Other expenditures 0,34 of which: Urban area Rural area 0,77 0,18 Per 1 household member, in % Iquarter of 2016 of which: Urban area Rural area 2,66 3,06 2,16 Per 1 household member, somoni / month of which: Urban area Rural area 0,46 1,20 0,22 Per 1 household member, in % of which: Urban area Rural area 3,55 4,40 2,65 12,44 25,95 8,32 97,42 103,06 99,88 12,49 26,07 8,09 96,45 95,60 97,35 7,85 16,23 4,85 63,10 62,54 58,29 7,91 17,84 4,69 63,33 68,43 57,97 15,44 27,29 11,19 43,04 47,71 39,68 15,75 30,50 11,02 42,41 50,52 38,28 0,39 0,31 0,42 2,53 1,14 3,75 0,61 0,49 0,65 3,87 1,61 5,90 0,03 0,11 0,07 0,08 0,19 0,25 0,04 0,13 0,01 0,11 0,22 0,03 2,12 4,53 1,26 5,91 7,92 4,47 3,19 5,02 2,62 8,59 8,32 9,10 1,88 2,22 1,76 5,24 3,88 6,24 1,92 3,46 1,43 5,17 5,73 4,97 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0,37 0,00 0,51 1,00 0,00 1,77 11,07 14,74 9,74 30,86 25,77 34,54 10,62 16,01 8,97 28,59 26,52 31,16 4,47 6,52 3,73 12,46 11,40 13,23 4,15 6,39 3,45 11,17 10,58 11,98 0,20 8 0,26 0,56 13,99 0,92 0,46 0,42 0,48 1,24 0,70 1,67 5,85 14,42 2,78 2,35 4,27 1,28 5,96 14,61 2,87 2,43 4,61 1,31 23,04 36,00 18,39 9,24 10,67 8,46 13,81 8,99 15,49 5,63 2,84 7,07 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 149
  42. Food Security and Poverty continued DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS AND POPULATION IN THEM BY PER CAPITA CONSUMER EXPENDITURES inthe first quarter of 2015 (according to sampling household budget survey), in % Number of households surveyed Population in them 1 person Total number 3000 19293 24 of which those with monthly per capita expenditures (somoni) : Below 80.00 80.01-100.00 100.01-120.00 120.01-140.00 140.01-160.00 160.01-180.00 180.01-200.00 200.01-220.00 220.01-240.00 240.01-260.00 260.01-280.00 280.01-300.00 300.01-320.00 320.01-340.00 340.01-360.00 360.01-380.00 380.01-400.00 400.01-420.00 420.01 and above 150 17,7 17,8 14,8 13,4 8,9 7,0 4,8 3,6 2,8 1,6 1,3 1,4 0,6 0,7 0,5 0,5 0,2 0,3 2,0 23,0 20,0 14,9 13,0 8,2 6,1 4,0 2,9 2,1 1,1 0,9 1,0 0,4 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,1 0,2 1,1 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 8,7 4,3 4,3 4,3 4,3 4,3 0,0 0,0 8,7 4,3 4,3 8,7 0,0 8,7 34,8 Households consisting of: 2 3 4 persons person persons 102 0,9 2,7 8,0 2,7 8,9 8,9 4,5 5,4 11,6 7,1 4,5 5,4 1,8 5,4 4,5 2,7 2,7 1,8 10,7 265 3,6 7,9 7,2 13,4 10,8 9,0 10,1 7,9 5,1 4,3 2,2 4,7 1,8 1,8 0,7 2,5 0,7 1,1 5,1 Households having 5 and more persons children below 16 472 2093 7,8 10,4 13,8 16,4 12,2 11,8 5,6 5,3 4,0 2,0 2,7 1,1 1,3 0,7 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,7 2,9 22,7 21,6 16,5 13,4 8,0 5,7 4,0 2,6 1,7 0,8 0,7 0,9 0,2 0,3 0,1 0,1 0,0 0,0 0,5 661 20,0 19,9 15,8 13,7 8,6 6,6 4,1 3,0 2,2 1,1 1,0 1,1 0,4 0,4 0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2 1,1 of which households having 1 2 3 4 and child children children more children 751 574 474 11,1 12,5 16,0 15,0 10,9 9,3 4,7 5,5 3,9 1,9 2,2 2,1 1,3 0,6 0,3 0,6 0,3 0,5 1,3 14,7 18,7 16,8 14,9 10,1 7,0 5,5 2,3 2,6 0,8 1,1 0,9 0,1 0,7 0,3 0,7 0,3 0,4 2,3 18,9 24,7 17,5 14,9 8,0 5,4 3,3 3,0 1,2 1,2 0,3 1,0 0,0 0,2 0,0 0,2 0,0 0,0 0,2 2460 39,4 25,2 12,4 9,0 4,6 4,0 2,1 1,1 0,8 0,4 0,2 0,4 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,4 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
  43. Food Security and Poverty continued DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS AND POPULATION IN THEM BY PER CAPITA CONSUMER EXPENDITURES in the first quarter of 2016 (according to sampling household budget survey), in % Number of households surveyed Population in them 1 person Total number 3000 17738 29 of which those with monthly per capita expenditures (somoni) : 15,9 20,5 0,0 Below 120.00 16,6 18,9 0,0 120.01-160.00 15,1 16,1 0,0 160.01-200.00 13,7 13,6 0,0 200.01-240.00 9,7 8,8 3,4 240.01-280.00 7,5 6,8 6,9 280.01-320.00 4,9 4,0 6,9 320.01-360.00 3,5 2,5 3,4 360.01-400.00 2,4 1,9 3,4 400.01-440.00 2,8 1,9 3,4 440.01-480.00 1,8 1,2 3,4 480.00-520.00 1,4 0,9 10,3 520.01-560.00 0,6 0,5 0,0 560.01-600.00 0,4 0,3 0,0 600.01-640.00 0,4 0,3 0,0 640.01-680.00 0,5 0,3 6,9 680.01-720.00 0,4 0,2 6,9 720.01-760.00 0,4 0,2 10,3 760.01-800.00 1,7 1,0 34,5 800.01 and above Households consisting of: 2 3 4 persons person persons Households having 5 and more persons children below 16 1 child of which, households, having 2 3 4 and more children children children 118 278 454 2080 2472 593 735 617 527 0,8 3,4 5,9 5,1 6,8 5,9 10,2 8,5 5,9 10,2 8,5 6,8 2,5 4,2 0,8 3,4 2,5 0,8 7,6 3,2 5,4 9,4 9,7 11,2 6,8 11,5 10,8 4,7 6,5 5,4 4,0 1,4 1,1 1,4 1,1 1,1 1,8 3,6 9,9 9,9 11,7 15,9 13,7 13,7 4,6 3,3 3,7 4,4 3,1 1,8 0,0 0,7 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,2 2,2 19,9 20,6 17,4 14,4 8,9 6,4 3,8 2,2 1,6 1,6 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,1 0,3 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,6 18,2 18,2 16,5 14,1 9,4 7,1 4,4 2,9 2,0 2,3 1,4 0,8 0,4 0,3 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,2 0,9 8,8 12,6 16,0 15,0 11,3 7,4 7,3 4,7 3,2 4,6 3,2 1,7 0,5 0,5 0,7 0,7 0,2 0,3 1,3 14,3 16,1 15,5 16,1 10,6 9,3 4,6 3,8 1,8 3,0 1,5 0,8 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,4 0,3 1,0 18,2 22,4 18,2 13,5 9,7 7,8 3,2 1,6 1,6 0,5 0,5 0,3 0,5 0,3 0,5 0,3 0,2 0,0 0,8 34,5 22,4 16,5 11,0 5,3 3,0 2,3 1,1 1,3 0,8 0,2 0,6 0,4 0,2 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,4 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016 151
  44. Food Security and Poverty APPENDIX 6 . PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION OF FOOD IN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN (according to sampling household budget surveys) (per month, kg) Iquarter of 2015 Iquarter of 2016 of which: Total Bread products Urban area of which: Rural area Total Urban area Rural area 12,40 11,47 12,72 12,54 11,74 12,84 Potatoes 2,61 2,94 2,48 3,02 3,43 2,87 Vegetables and melons 5,09 5,26 0,26 5,73 5,77 5,72 Fruits and berries, including dry 1,70 1,95 1,61 1,64 2,10 1,48 Sugar and confectionary 1,12 1,09 1,14 1,16 1,16 1,16 Meat and meat products 1,09 1,27 1,09 1,13 1,40 1,04 Fish products 0,02 0,03 0,02 0,03 0,03 0,03 Milk and dairy products 4,86 4,14 5,11 4,97 4,17 5,25 6 7 5,59 6,13 7,15 5,76 1,30 1,28 1,31 1,37 1,41 1,36 Eggs (pieces) Vegetable oil and margarine 152 Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2016
  45. Food Security and Poverty FOOD SECURITY AND POVERTY INFORMATION BULLETIN / Edited by Hasanzoda G.K.. - Director of the Statistical Agency under President of the Republic of Tajikistan of the Republic of Tajikistan 734025 Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Bokhtar Street, 17 Назорат барои нашр. Ќосимов Х.М. тел: 221-23-87, e-mail: stat@tojikiston.com Фармоиш № _______ Адади нашр 70 нусха Ба нашр супурда шуд: «23» июни соли 2016 __________________________________ Раёсати таъбу нашри таъљилии МД МКЊ-ии Агентии омори назди Президенти Љумњурии Тољикистон Контроль за выпуск: Касымов Х.М. тел.: 221-23-87; e-mail: stat@tojikiston.com Заказ № _____ Тираж: 70 экз. Сдано в печать: «23» июня 2016 г. _________________________________________________ Управление оперативной полиграфии ГВЦ Агентства по статистике при Президенте Республики Таджикистан Control for the issue: Qasimov KH.M. Tel: 221-23-87; e-mail: stat@tojikiston.com Order № ___ Edition: 70 copies Authorized for printing: «23» june 2016 year _________________________________________________ Printing Office of Central Computing Center of the Agency on Statistics under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan