Pakistan Economic Survey 2018 - 2019

Transcription

2. BLANK PAGE
3. Economic Adviser ’s Wing, Finance Division Government of Pakistan, Islamabad www.finance.gov.pk
4. BLANK PAGE
5. CONTENTS Foreword Preface Research Team Overview of the Economy ................................................................................................ i-xix Chapter 1: Growth and Investment ...................................................................................... 1 Chapter 3: Manufacturing and Mining .............................................................................. 35 Chapter 2: Chapter 4: Chapter 5: Chapter 6: Chapter 7: Chapter 8: Chapter 9: Agriculture ....................................................................................................... 11 Fiscal Development .......................................................................................... 51 Money and Credit ............................................................................................. 69 Capital Markets & Corporate Sector ................................................................. 87 Inflation ........................................................................................................... 107 Trade and Payments ........................................................................................ 115 Public Debt...................................................................................................... 137 Chapter 10: Education ........................................................................................................ 157 Chapter 11: Health and Nutrition........................................................................................ 171 Chapter 12: Population, Labour Force and Employment .................................................. 191 Chapter 13: Transport and Communications ...................................................................... 203 Chapter 14: Energy ............................................................................................................. 233 Chapter 15: Social Protection ............................................................................................. 243 Chapter 16: Climate Change ............................................................................................... 259 Annexure Annex-I: Contingent Liabilities...................................................................................... 271 Annex-II: Tax Expenditure .............................................................................................. 273 Statistical Appendix Economic and Social Indicators............................................................................................ 1-8 Statistical Series ............................................................................................................. 11-180 Weights and Measures ........................................................................................................ 181 Abbreviations ....................................................................................................................... 182 Feed Back Form .................................................................................................................. 185
6. BLANK PAGE
7. Foreword The Economic Survey reviews the performance of Pakistan ’s economy during fiscal year 2018-19. It describes key developments in various sectors of the economy, and summarizes the policies and reform measures undertaken by the government during the year. In terms of Pakistan’s political and economic management history, fiscal year 2018-19 represents a break from the past. People of Pakistan voted into power a new party – Pakistan Tehreek-i-Insaaf (PTI) – mainly as it was seen to provide a transparent, more efficient government with a more egalitarian development agenda. However, the present government inherited a weakening economy. The fiscal deficit was high; the current account deficit was also at the highest level in country’s economic history; debt liabilities had risen to a level where servicing of the debt took a sizeable portion of the federal government’s budget; and foreign exchange reserves had depleted to a level that was insufficient to finance even two months of imports. This instability was a result of structural weaknesses in the economy which had remained unaddressed for decades. Insufficient policy action over the last two years aggravated the macroeconomic imbalances. The new government took several policy actions to meet these challenges. It took measures to curtail non-essential imports, encourage remittances and with support from friendly countries reduced external vulnerabilities. The exchange rate adjustment was aimed to bring it to equilibrium value. Energy prices, which were artificially suppressed for a prolonged period of time, were adjusted and import duties and tax rates were rationalized. In the later part of the year the government reached an agreement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to support government’s stabilization and structural reform program. This agreement helps Pakistan’s access to international markets and concessionary financing from other multilateral partners as well. The stabilization measures taken by the government have helped in lowering the trade deficit, with higher inflows of workers’ remittances leading to an even larger reduction in current account deficit. However, these measures, although critically essential, had some short term costs in terms of larger fiscal deficit, higher inflation and lower GDP growth. Beside these domestic macroeconomic challenges, the economic indicators have also been impacted by a global environment where protectionist tendencies are on the rise and global monetary and economic conditions have constrained international capital flows. The government is committed to take on emerging challenges through appropriate policy response. Moving forward, the aim is to put the economy on a path of sustainable growth by tackling the fundamental weaknesses. These include: the chronically low level of revenue generation; inadequate level of savings and investment and stagnant exports. The government has already taken some measures to address these issues, which will be expanded and strengthened with the passage of time. The Economic Survey is prepared by the Economic Advisor’s Wing of the Ministry of Finance. It reviews in detail the major sectors of the economy during the fiscal year 2018-19. I wish to record my appreciation to the Economic Adviser’s Wing for its hard work in preparing this document for policy makers, economists, researchers and public at large. Dr. Abdul Hafeez Shaikh Adviser to PM on Finance, Revenue and Economic Affairs Islamabad the 10th June 2019
8. BLANK PAGE
9. Preface Pakistan Economic Survey is a regular publication of the government which focuses on the trend of macro-economic indicators , development policies, strategies and sectoral progress of Pakistan economy. The analysis carried out is based on outgoing fiscal year with latest available information covering a period of first 9 / 10 months of the various sectors of economy. This document contains sixteen chapters, Annexures and Statistical Appendices. The Economic Survey consists of two parts: Analytical text and the detailed Statistical Appendix. The first part gives a comprehensive analysis of the performance in various sectors of the economy. The second part contains the time series data pertaining to different sectors of the economy. The publication of this comprehensive document cannot be completed within a given time frame without the cooperation from relevant organizations. I would also like to take this opportunity to extent my gratitude to all concerned Ministries / Divisions / Provincial Departments / Agencies for providing the requisite material / data well in time to accomplish the task. I am also thankful to State Bank of Pakistan, Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Federal Board of Revenue, Pakistan Telecommunication Authority, Security Exchange Commission of Pakistan, Karachi Port Trust, Port Qasim Authority and Debt Policy Coordination Office and Wings / Units of the Finance Division. I am also thankful to the staff members of the Economic Adviser’s Wing for their sincere efforts and dedication that enabled me to complete the Survey. I hope this publication will be helpful to the planners, policy makers, researchers, students and other users. Any suggestions and comments for further improvement of this document will be highly appreciated. S. Ejaz Wasti Economic Consultant Islamabad, the 10th June 2019
10. BLANK PAGE
11. RESEARCH TEAM S . Ejaz Wasti Team Leader / Economic Consultant Mr. Sohail Hanif Joint Economic Adviser Muhammad Asif Joint Economic Adviser Muhammad Shoaib Malik Deputy Economic Adviser Mr. Zaila Husnain Deputy Economic Adviser Ms. Samina Khatoon Assistant Economic Adviser Mr. Attaullah Shah Assistant Economic Adviser Mr. Asadullah Qureshi Research Officer Mr. Omer Farooq Assistant Economic Adviser Ms. Sidra Saddiq Research Officer Ms. Nargis Mazhar Assistant Economic Adviser Mr. Shujaat Malik Awan Credit Risk Specialist, Debt Wing Muhammad Ashfaq Hussain Assistant Economic Adviser Muhammad Arslan Market & Financial Risk Specialist, Debt Wing Hafiz Syed Muhammad Azeem Research Officer Mr. Faheem Anwar Webmaster Muhammad Faisal Shamim Composer
12. BLANK PAGE
13. Overview of the Economy The macroeconomic stability is a fundamental pre-requisite for sustained economic growth . Pakistan’s economy has experienced frequent boom and bust cycles. Typically, each cycle comprised of 3-4 years of relatively higher growth followed by a macroeconomic crisis which necessitated the stabilization programs. The inability to achieve sustained and rapid economic growth is due to structural issues which require effective monetary and fiscal measures to achieve macroeconomic stability. The outgoing five-year plan has seen an average growth of 4.7 percent against the target of 5.4 percent. This growth can be characterized as a consumption led growth. The unplanned borrowing from different sources increased both private and public consumption resulting in higher debt repayment liabilities, which created severe macroeconomic imbalances. The investment did not pick up as higher demand was met primarily through imports leading to enormous rise in external imbalances. Due to low growth in revenues and the unplanned and unproductive expenditures, the fiscal deficit widened. The persistence of large fiscal and current account deficits and associated build up of public and external debt became the major source of macroeconomic imbalance. The new elected government faces formidable macroeconomic challenges. The foremost challenge to the economy is the rising aggregate demand without corresponding resources to support it, leading to rising fiscal and external account deficits. To address the issue of severe macroeconomic instability and to put the economy on the path of sustained growth and stability, the government has introduced a comprehensive set of economic and structural reform measures. As a short-term measure to get a breathing space, the government secured $ 9.2 billion from friendly countries to build up buffers and to ensure timely repayment of previous loans. The government has also taken some overdue tough decisions i.e. increase in energy tariffs to stop further accumulation of circular debt, reduction in imports through regulatory duties and withdrawal of some of the tax relaxations given in the last budget in order to arrest the deterioration in primary balance. These painful decisions were tough for the new elected government, but at the same time were necessary for economic stabilization. Recently, staff level agreement has been negotiated with the IMF to avail Extended Fund Facility for achieving macroeconomic stability. The staff level agreement will now be placed before the IMF Board for its approval. The impact of macroeconomic adjustment policies, such as monetary tightening, exchange rate adjustment, expenditure control and enhancement of regulatory duties on non-essential imports, started to become visible this year. These steps have served to bring some degree of stability and have also helped in reducing economic uncertainty. However, the situation calls for sustained efforts. The outgoing fiscal year 2018-19 witnessed a muted growth of 3.29 percent against the ambitious target of 6.2 percent. The target was based upon sectoral growth projections for agriculture, industry, and services at 3.8 percent, 7.6 percent and 6.5 percent respectively. The actual sectoral growth turned out to be 0.85 percent for agriculture, 1.4 percent for industry and 4.7 percent for services. Some of the major crops witnessed negative growth as production of cotton, rice and sugarcane declined by 17.5 percent, 3.3 percent and 19.4 percent respectively. The crops showing positive growth include wheat and maize which grew at the rate of 0.5 percent and 6.9 percent respectively. Other crops have shown growth of 1.95 percent mainly due to increase in production of pulses and
14. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 oil seeds . Cotton ginning declined by 12.74 percent due to a decline in production of cotton crop. Livestock sector has shown a growth of 4.0 percent. The growth recorded for the forestry is 6.47 percent which was mainly due to increase in production of timber in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ranging from 26.7 to 36.1 thousand cubic meters. The growth in industrial sector has been estimated at 1.40 percent. The mining and quarrying sector has witnessed a negative growth of 1.96 percent mainly due to reduction in production of natural gas (-1.98 percent) and coal (-25.4 percent). The large-scale manufacturing sector as per QIM data (from July 2017 to February 2018) shows a decline of 2.06 percent. Major decline has been observed in Textile (-0.27 percent), Food, Beverage & Tobacco (-1.55 percent), Coke & Petroleum Products (-5.50 percent), Pharmaceuticals (-8.67 percent), Chemicals (-3.92 percent), Non-Metallic Mineral Products (-3.87 percent), Automobiles (-6.11 percent) and Iron & Steel products (-10.26). On the other hand, the substantial growth in LSM has been observed in Electronics (34.63 percent) Engineering Products (8.63 percent) and Wood Products (17.84 percent). Electricity and gas sub sector has grown by 40.54 percent, whereas the construction activity has declined by 7.57 percent. The services sector has shown an overall growth of 4.71 percent. Wholesale and Retail Trade grew by 3.11 percent, while the Transport, Storage and Communication sector registered a growth of 3.34 percent mainly due to positive contribution by railways (38.93 percent), air transport (3.38 percent) and road transport (3.85 percent). Finance and insurance sector showed an overall growth of 5.14 percent. While the central banking has declined by 12.5 percent, a positive growth has been observed in scheduled banks (5.3 percent), non-scheduled banks (24.6 percent) and insurance activities (12.8 percent). The Housing Services has grown at 4.0 percent. The growth recorded in General Government Services is 7.99 percent which is mainly on account of increase in salaries of employees of federal, provincial and district governments. Other private services, comprising of various distinct activities such as computer related activities, education, health & social work, NGOs etc recorded a growth of 7.05 percent. The total investments as a percentage of GDP was recorded at 15.4 percent against the target of 17.2 percent. The fixed investment as percentage of GDP remained 13.8 percent against the target of 15.6 percent, while public and private investments remained at 4.0 and 9.8 percent against the target of 4.8 and 10.8 percent respectively. The National Savings remained at 10.7 percent of GDP against the target of 13.1 percent. The consumption growth was recorded at 11.9 percent compared to 10.2 percent growth recorded last year. As percentage of GDP, it increased to 94.8 percent compared to last year’s figure of 94.2 percent. On the demand side, the exports declined by 1.9 percent despite exchange rate depreciation, while imports declined by 4.9 percent. This helped in reducing the trade deficit by 7.3 percent during JulyApril FY 2019 while it had shown an expansion of 24.3 percent during the corresponding period of last year. The workers’ remittances played a major role in containing current account deficit to 4.03 percent of GDP. The CAD showed a contraction of 27 percent during July-April of the current year while it had expanded by 70 percent during the corresponding period of last year. The State Bank is following a contractionary policy to anchor the aggregate demand and address rising inflation on the back of high fiscal and current account deficits. The next year, agriculture sector is likely to rebound under Prime Minister’s Agriculture Emergency Program. The water availability is expected to be better as compared to current year. There is substantial increase in Agriculture Credit disbursement which is recorded at Rs. 805 billion during July-April FY2019 compared to Rs.666.2 billion during the corresponding period of last year, posting a growth of 20.8 percent. The import of agriculture machinery has recorded a growth of 10.95 during July-April FY2019 which is a good indicator. The base effect will also support growth in agriculture. ii
15. Overview of the Economy The Large-Scale Manufacturing sector which posted a negative growth this year is likely to rebound on the back of expected growth in agriculture sector along with government initiatives in the construction sector , SMEs sector and tourism and automobile sector. Both, agriculture and LSM sector growth is likely to have a good impact on services sector on account of goods transport services linked to agriculture and wholesale trade. The fiscal tightening and the rising inflation on account of increasing utility prices, rationalization of taxes, measures to reduce the primary balance, and any further exchange rate adjustments, alongwith higher oil prices, protectionists tendencies in some of the economies and tightening monetary conditions in the developed countries leading to lower capital inflows will remain downside risk. Global Economic Environment After witnessing a strong growth in 2017 at 4.0 percent, the global economic activity slowed during the second half of 2018 to 3.6 percent while it is expected to reduce further to 3.3 percent in 2019. The slowdown in economic activity is attributed to multiple factors, including rising trade tensions and tariff hikes between the United States and China, which is the biggest risk to financial stability in Eurozone. In contrast, some developing economies could be benefitting from this trade diversion as prices of these targeted goods may rise in US and China. This tariff battle between USA and China is estimated to have affected almost 2.5 percent of global trade. Germany’s unemployment rate has shown an increase for the first time since 2013 amid signs of slowing growth in Europe’s biggest economy. Uncertainty created by Brexit has led to decline in business confidence and has further contributed towards slowing of growth in Euro zone. In response to the growing global risks to the economy, the US Federal Reserve has adopted a more accommodative monetary policy stance. Similarly, other central banks around the world like the European Central Bank, the Bank of Japan and the Bank of England have also moved to adopt a more accommodative stance while China has ramped up its fiscal and monetary stimulus to cope with the negative effect of trade tariffs. Resultantly, the tightening of financial conditions has reversed across countries. Likewise, emerging markets have witnessed resumption in portfolio flows, a decline in sovereign borrowing costs, and a strengthening of their currencies relative to the dollar. As the growth is likely to improve during the second half of 2019, it is projected to return to 3.6 percent in 2020. The projected improvement in global economic growth during the second half of 2019 is expected on account of gradual recovery and stabilization in Argentina and Turkey alongwith some other stressed emerging economies, current build-up of policy stimulus in China and improvement in global financial sentiments The growth beyond 2020 is predicted to stabilize, mainly supported by growth in China and India. However, the growth in advanced economies will continue to slow down on account of factors such as the fading of the impact of US fiscal stimulus, ageing trends and low productivity growth. On the other hand, the growth in emerging markets and developing economies is expected to stabilize at around 5 percent, though with substantial variation between countries. According to World Economic Outlook (WEO) April (2019), the baseline outlook for emerging Asia remains favourable, with China’s growth projected to slow gradually toward sustainable levels and convergence in frontier economies toward higher income levels. For other regions, the outlook is complicated by a combination of structural bottlenecks, slower advanced economy growth and, in some cases, high debt and tighter financial conditions. These factors, alongside subdued commodity prices and civil conflict in some cases, contributed to subdued medium-term prospects for Latin America; the Middle East, North Africa, and Pakistan region; and parts of sub-Saharan Africa. iii
16. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Growth and Investment The provisional GDP growth rate for FY2019 is estimated at 3 .29 percent on the basis of 0.85, 1.40 and 4.71 percent growth in agricultural, industrial and services sectors respectively. Agriculture: The provisional agriculture sector growth is estimated at 0.85 percent. The crops sector has witnessed negative growth of 4.4 percent during FY2019 mainly due to negative growth (-6.6 percent) of important crops. Production of cotton, rice and sugarcane declined by 17.5, 3.3, and 19.4 percent, respectively, while the wheat output posted a marginal growth of 0.5 percent and production of maize grew by 6.9 percent. Other crops have shown growth of 1.95 percent mainly because of increase in production of pulses and oil seeds. Decrease in production of cotton crop also caused decline in cotton ginning by 12.7 percent. Livestock sector has shown a growth of 4.0 percent while the growth of forestry remained at 6.47 percent due to increase in production of timber in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the range of 26.7 to 36.1 thousand cubic meters. Industry: During FY2019, the provisional growth in industrial sector has been estimated at only 1.40 percent mainly due to decline by 2.06 percent in large scale manufacturing sector and by 1.96 percent in mining and quarrying sector. Services: Provisional estimates have shown that the services sector posted a growth of 4.71 percent. Wholesale and Retail Trade sector grew at a rate of 3.11 percent. As value added in this sector depends upon output of agriculture and manufacturing sectors and volume of imports, it is safe to say that bulk of growth in wholesale and retail sector could be attributed to increase in volume of imports and the growth in livestock. Transport, Storage and Communication sector has registered a growth of 3.34 percent due to positive contribution of railways (38.93 percent), air transport (3.38 percent) and road transport (3.85 percent). Finance and insurance sector showed an overall growth of 5.14 percent, despite a decline (of 12.5 percent) in value add of the central bank. The scheduled banks, non-scheduled banks and insurance sub-sector posted positive growth (5.3 percent, 24.6 percent and 12.8 percent respectively). The Housing Services grew by 4.0 percent and the General Government Services by 7.99 percent. It is mainly driven by the increase in salaries of federal, provincial and district governments. Other private services, which is composed of various distinct activities such as computer related activities, event management, education, health & social work, NGOs etc. has contributed positive growth of 7.05 percent. Investment: The provisional estimates of Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) for the year FY2019 stands at Rs.5340.0 billion with a growth of 1.9 percent as compared to FY2019. In private sector, the GFCF is estimated at Rs.3796.1 billion during FY2019 against Rs.3564.0 billion in FY2018 with an increase of 6.5 percent, while in Public Sector GFCF posted a growth of 9.8 percent as it is estimated at Rs.345.3 billion during FY2019 against Rs.314.6 billion during FY2018. The provisional overall GFCF for general government services for FY2019 has been estimated at Rs.1198.5 billion, a decline of 12 percent over the revised estimates of Rs.1362.3 billion during FY2018. GFCF related expenditure for the federal government has been estimated at Rs.419.8 billion with growth of 15.6 percent over previous year's estimates of Rs.362.3 billion. However, GFCF related expenditure by provincial governments has declined by 29.2 percent from Rs.909.1 billion to Rs.643.8 billion. However, expenditure on GFCF incurred by district governments has increased by 48.4 percent from Rs.90.9 billion to Rs.135.0 billion. During FY 2019, per capita income stood at $1,497.3. iv
17. Overview of the Economy Saving-Investment Gap : The State bank of Pakistan has made a sizeable adjustment in the interest and exchange rates to contain the aggregate demand and ease the pressure on the balance of payments. These efforts helped in reducing Saving-Investment gap, which has been contracted by 27 percent during July-April FY 2019 compared to 70 percent expansion during same period last year. It happened mainly because, trade deficit declined by 7 percent primarily due to containment in imports while last year it had recorded 23 percent growth. Imports declined by 5 percent while workers’ remittances posted a growth of 9 percent during the period under discussion The present government has undertaken significant measures to curb aggregate demand that has compounded the size of external current account deficit to an unprecedented level. During FY2019, the economy experienced partial adjustments due to inertia as is evident from a high consumption to GDP ratio and a large fiscal deficit. However, after entering IMF’s Extended Fund Facility (EFF), market confidence will improve. Moreover, the chances of getting additional financial support from other development and bilateral partners will also increase. These developments will help in increasing the macroeconomic stability and will set the path for high and inclusive growth. Agriculture The performance of Agriculture during 2018-19 remained subdued. It grew by only 0.85 percent against the target of 3.8 percent. The under-performance of agriculture sector hinged upon reduction in the area of cultivation, lower water availability and drop in fertilizer off take. The crops sector has witnessed negative growth of 4.43 percent against the target 3.6 percent on the back of decline in growth of important crops by (-6.55) percent. Sugarcane production declined by (-19.4) percent to 67.174 million tons, Cotton (-17.5 percent) to 9.861 million bales and Rice (-3.3 percent) to 7.202 million tonnes while production of Maize crop increased by 6.9 percent to 6.309 million tonnes and production of wheat crop marginally increased by 0.5 percent to 25.195 million tonnes. Other crops having share of 11.21 percent in agriculture value addition and 2.08 percent in GDP, showed growth of 1.95 mainly due to increase in production of pulses and oilseeds. Cotton ginning declined by 12.74 percent due to decrease in production of cotton crop. Livestock having share of 60.54 percent in agriculture and 11.22 percent in GDP, recorded the growth at 4.0 percent against the target of 3.8 percent. The Fishing and Forestry sector having share of 2.10 percent each in agriculture value addition grew by 0.79 and 6.47 percent, respectively. The strong growth in forestry is due to increase in timber production in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the range of 26.7 to 36.1 thousand cubic meters. The gram production increased by 35.6 percent on account of higher yield due to favourable weather condition prevalent at the time of sowing. The production of Bajra increased by 3.2 percent. The production of Barley, Rapeseed & Mustard and Tobacco remained constant while the production of Jowar witnessed a decline of 2.6 percent. The production of Onion and Chillies witnessed increase of 2.0 percent to 2.12 thousand tonnes and 0.4 percent to 148.7 thousand tonnes respectively, as compared to production of last year. However, the production of pulse Mash (Lentil), Moong and Potato decreased by 5.5 percent, 3.4 percent and 0.3 percent, respectively compared to last year’s production. While the production of Masoor pulse remained the same as last year’s production. The total availability of water for the Kharif crops 2018 recorded 59.6 Million Acre Feet (MAF), which means it remained short by 11.2 percent against the average system usage of 67.1 MAF and by 14.9 percent as compared to Kharif 2017. During Rabi season 2018-19, the total water availability was recorded at 24.8 MAF showing an increase of 2.5 percent over Rabi 2017-18 and a decline of 31.9 percent from the normal availability of 36.4 MAF. v
18. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 The domestic production of fertilizers during 2018-19 (July-March) increased by 2.6 per cent over the same period of previous year. This increase is due to functioning of two urea manufacturing plants (Agritech& Fatima Fertilizer) as supply of LNG was available on subsidized rates. The imported fertilizer increased by 4.8 percent. Therefore, total availability of fertilizer increased by 3.2 percent during current fiscal year. Total off take of fertilizer nutrients decreased by 7.3 percent. Nitrogen off take decreased by 2.89 percent and phosphate by 18.2 percent. Potash off take recorded an increase of 4.55 percent during 2018-19 (July-March). Reduction in fertilizers off take was due to its high prices. In line with government’s priority for agriculture sector development, Agricultural Credit Advisory Committee (ACAC) has set the indicative agricultural credit disbursement targets at Rs 1,250 billion for FY 2018-19 to 50 agriculture lending institutions including 19 commercial banks, 2 specialized banks, 5 Islamic banks, 11 microfinance banks and 13 microfinance institutions/rural support programs (MFIs/RSPs). During FY 2018-19 (July- March), the agriculture lending institutions have disbursed Rs. 805 billion which is 64.4 percent of the overall annual target of Rs. 1,250 billion and 20.8 percent higher than the disbursement of Rs. 666.2 billion made during corresponding period of last year. The outstanding portfolio of agriculture loans has increased by 15.5 percent to Rs. 70.7 billion by end March, 2019. Further, the agriculture outreach in terms of total borrowers has increased to 4.0 million, showing a rise of 8.2 percent over 3.72 million borrowers as of end June, 2018. Manufacturing & Mining: The Large-Scale Manufacturing (LSM) declined by 2.93 percent during July-March FY 2019 in contrast to growth of 6.33 percent during the same period last year. The target for this year was 8.1 percent. The present trend suggests that full year LSM growth will remain below the target by a wide margin. Year on Year (YoY), LSM growth witnessed sharp decline of 10.63 percent in March 2019 as compared to increase of 4.70 percent in March 2018. There are a number of factors which have contributed to the negative growth in LSM. These include lower PSDP expenditures compared to last year, muted private sector construction activities and lower consumer spending on durable goods amongst others. This was more noticeable in construction-allied industries. Demand for housing moderated as the price of building materials and cost of financing increased. Moreover, additional tax measures further restricted the real estate market. Certain sector-specific issues also contributed to the decline in LSM. Automobile prices witnessed multiple upward revisions due to PKR depreciation which made the potential buyers refrain from making booking and purchases. Certain restrictions on non-filers with respect to purchase of cars further dampened the automobile demand. Pharmaceuticals also suffered due to a considerable lag in regulatory adjustments in prices. This pricing issue was in addition to weakening of the local currency, which added to the distress of an import dependent sector. The industry specific data shows that electronics recorded highest growth of 23.70 percent, wood products 15.21 percent, rubber products 3.47 percent, engineering products 9.54 percent, leather products 0.97 percent and fertilizers 4.50 percent. The industries which recorded negative growth during the period are; Iron & Steel 11.00 percent, Pharmaceuticals 8.40 percent, Automobile 7.58 percent, Coke & Petroleum products 6.00 percent, Food Beverages & Tobacco 4.69 percent, Chemicals 3.94 percent, Paper & Board 3.86 percent, Non-metallic mineral product 4.96 percent and Textile 0.30 percent. The Mining and Quarrying sector declined by 1.96 percent during Jul-Feb FY 2019 in contrast to the growth of 7.7 percent during the same period last year. Chromite, Magnesite, Rock salt, Barytes, Ocher and Crude oil posted a positive growth of 228.69 percent, 159.63 percent, 12.65 percent, vi
19. Overview of the Economy 22 .15 percent, 19.12 percent and 0.47 percent respectively. However, some minerals witnessed negative growth during the period under review such as Coal 25.42 percent, Natural gas 1.98 percent, Sulphur 40.72 percent, Calcite 91.49 percent, Soap stone 13.12 percent, Marble 4.66 percent and Bauxite 30.82 percent Fiscal Development In Pakistan, fiscal sector has faced multifaceted challenges over the years due to excessive and unproductive expenditures on one hand and lower tax revenues on the other. Generally, higher current expenditures and lower tax revenues left limited fiscal space for public investment and social safety net. Furthermore, high interest payments, untargeted subsidies, loss making PSEs, energy subsidies and security related issues all weighed on expanding fiscal deficit. During the last five years, total revenue as percent of GDP on average reached to 14.9 percent, whereas it stood at 15.1 percent in FY2018. The total expenditures as percent of GDP on average reached to 20.5 percent, while during the preceding year FY2018, it was the highest at 21.6 percent. Resultantly, fiscal deficit on average stood at 5.5 percent, while during the last year it was recorded at 6.5 percent. During first nine months (July- March) CFY2019, consolidated fiscal indicators suggest that total revenue registered zero growth, while growth in total expenditures was 8.7 percent. Therefore, fiscal deficit as percent of GDP was 5.0 percent as compared 4.3 percent during the corresponding period of last year. Total revenue increased to Rs 3,583.7 billion (9.3 percent of GDP) from Rs 3,582.4 billion (10.3 percent of GDP) during the comparable period of last year, showing almost zero growth in comparison of growth of 13.9 percent during the same period last year. Decelerated performance of total revenues primarily was due to marginal growth of 1.8 percent in tax revenues and negative growth of 16.7 percent in non-tax revenues. During the period Jul-Apr, FY2019 FBR tax receipts remained at Rs 2,976.0 billion against Rs 2,922.5 billion during the same period of FY2018, registering a growth of 1.8 percent. Actual tax collection during first ten months of CFY remained at 67.7 percent of revised target of Rs 4,398 billion. Total expenditures increased to Rs 5,506.2 billion (14.3 percent of GDP) during first nine months of CFY compared with Rs 5,063.3 billion (14.6 percent of GDP) during the comparable period of last year, registering a growth of 8.7 percent during Jul-Mar, FY2019 against the growth of 15.5 percent in the same period last year. Within total expenditures, current expenditures posted a growth of 17.7 percent to Rs 4,798.4 billion (12.4 percent of GDP) during Jul-Mar, FY2019 compared to Rs 4,075.4 billion (11.8 percent of GDP) in the same period last year. Federal and provincial governments’ current expenditures grew by 19.9 and 13.7 percent, respectively during the period under review. In contrast, development expenditures (excluding net lending) decreased to Rs 655.9 billion during Jul-Mar FY2019 compared to Rs 993.3 billion last year, posting a negative growth of 34.0 percent compared with positive growth of 23.6 percent recorded last year. PSDP share in total development expenditure stood at 88 percent during first nine months of CFY amounting to Rs 578.5 billion compared with Rs 931.4 billion expenditure during the same period last year, witnessing a decline of 37.9 percent compared with growth of 24.7 percent recorded last year. Within PSDP, federal and provincial PSDP’s decreased by 14.5 and 52.2 percent respectively during Jul-Mar, FY2019 over the same period of last year. vii
20. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Total revenues of provincial governments increased by 1 .5 percent during Jul-Mar, FY2019, whereas total expenditures declined by 5.2 percent. As a result, overall provincial surplus increased to Rs 291.6 billion as compared to Rs 191.05 billion during the same period last year. For FY2019, provincial surplus target is budgeted at Rs 285.6 billion. Money and Credit Twin deficits on fiscal and external front, emerging inflationary pressure and high aggregate demand has posed challenges for the economy towards the end of FY2018. Resultantly, SBP reversed its policy stance since January 2018 from accommodative to contractionary monetary policy to curb excessive aggregate demand and ensure near term stability. Policy rate has gradually increased by cumulative 650 bps. The policy rate stands at 12.25 percent effective from 21 st May, 2019. During the period 01 July-26 April, FY2019 money supply (M2) increased by Rs 625.3 billion (growth of 3.9 percent) compared with Rs 601.8 billion (growth of 4.1 percent) in comparable period last year. Within Broad Money, NFA of the banking sector further contracted to Rs 882.4 billion during 01 July-26 April, FY2019 against contraction of Rs 475.4 billion during the comparable period last year. Therefore, both SBA and scheduled bank’s NFA remained negative during the period under review. During the period 01 July-26 April, FY2019 NDA of the banking sector registered an expansion of Rs 1,507.7 billion (growth of 9.3 percent) compared with Rs 1,077.2 billion (7.7 percent) during the same period last year. On the other hand, reserve money posted an expansion of Rs 488.0 billion (growth of 8.9 percent) during 01 July-26 April, FY2019 against Rs 260.5 billion (growth of 5.4 percent) last year. Credit to Public Sector Enterprises (PSEs) increased to Rs 312.1 billion during the period 01 July-26 April, FY2019 against Rs 153.2 billion during the same period last year. During 01 July-26 April, FY2019 government borrowed Rs 1,073.0 billion for budgetary support compared to Rs 850.0 billion in the same period last year, of which, government has borrowed Rs 3,204.7 billion from SBP as compared to Rs 1,316.1 billion last year. On the other hand, government retired Rs 2,131.7 billion to scheduled banks against retirement of Rs 466.1 billion during the same period last year. Net government sector borrowing thus remained at Rs 908.0 billion during the period under review compared with Rs 813.6 billion during the corresponding period last year. During the period 01 July-26 April, FY2019, flows of private sector credit has been recorded at Rs 580.9 billion compared with Rs 498.5 billion during the same period last year, witnessing Year on Year (YoY) growth of 15.1 percent against a growth of 14.7 percent during the same period last year. During July-March, FY2019 working capital credit demand increased to Rs 369.0 billion against Rs 215.3 billion in the same period last year. Credit demand for fixed investment decelerated to Rs 83.1 billion during July-March FY2019 compared to Rs 148.1 billion during the same period last year. Prudent risk-based regulations have also helped the banking sector to maintain a strong solvency profile. Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) improved to 16.2 percent as of end December-2018; well above the minimum required level of 11.90 percent and global benchmark of 10.5 percent. Capital markets & Corporate Sector Capital market in Pakistan plays a crucial role in mobilizing domestic resources and channeling them to productive uses; however, its performance remained volatile during the period under discussion. Many factors contributed to its volatility. The PSX index has increased from 33,229 points as on January 1, 2016, to 38,649 as on March 31, 2019, a rise of 16 percent. At the start of FY2019, the market gained some momentum, reaching viii
21. Overview of the Economy 43 ,557 points on July 30, 2018, after which it started moving down, reaching period’s lowest index at 36,663 points on October 16, 2018. The financial measures introduced through Finance Bill in January 2019 gave some respite to the market and the index saw rising trend for some period. However, it has remained volatile during the period under review and closed at 38,649 points on March 31, 2019, while the market capitalization was Rs.7,868.6 billion. The average daily value traded (T+2) during the first nine months of FY 2019 was Rs. 7.2 billion and the average daily turnover was 170 million shares. The average daily trade value in futures was Rs. 2.9 billion and the trading volume was 71 million shares during the period. The foreign investors offloaded securities worth US$ 373 million which was absorbed by domestic investors, Banks/DFIs, companies and insurance companies. The strong buying by local investors has shown the confidence of the investors in Pakistan equity market. Going forward it is expected that the market will move in upward trajectory. In order to provide short-term stimulus to the stock market and arrest its downward trend, the Economic Coordination Committee of the Cabinet Division authorized the government to issue sovereign guarantee amounting to Rs. 20 billion for investment in National Investment Trust (NIT)-State Enterprise Fund. This step would increase liquidity in the PSX and would woo investors to divert more investment in the market. As of March 31, 2019, 120 corporate debt securities were outstanding with an amount of Rs.888.24 billion. These nine months saw 10,865 new companies getting registered with the SECP, a growth of 30 percent from the corresponding period of last financial year. Assets under management of the mutual funds stood at Rs. 635.90 billion. Equity Funds dominated the industry with the largest share i.e. 37.75 percent of the mutual fund industry. Money Market held the second largest industry share i.e. 36.93 percent, followed by Income Funds with industry share of 17.50 percent as of March 31, 2019, The SECP has taken additional measures in this fiscal year to address potential threat of money laundering and terrorist financing within its regulated entities and maintained integrity of the financial markets, including framing of SECP Anti-Money Laundering/Counter Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) Regulations 2018, amendment in Securities Brokers (Licensing and Operations) Regulations 2016 by introducing pre-condition that ultimate beneficial owners of securities broker should not have been convicted in any predicate offences provided under AntiMoney Laundering Act 2010 or the Anti- Terrorist Act 1997, and organizing fifteen awareness sessions on AML/CFT regulatory framework. Inflation The CPI has witnessed a rising trend during the current financial year. It increased to 5.8 percent in July 2018 and after remaining sticky at 5 percent during following two months increased to 6.8 percent in October 2018. The spike witnessed in October 2018 was due to increase in gas prices. The Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority revised the retail prices of natural gas for various consumers after keeping them unchanged for about two years. The substantial increase of 9.4 percent was witnessed in March 2019 while in April 2019 it was recorded at 8.8 percent. During July-April FY2019 headline inflation measured by CPI averaged at 7.00 percent against 3.77 percent during corresponding period of last year on the back of the prevalence of some underlying demand in the economy as well as continued pass through of exchange rate depreciation and higher fuel prices. ix
22. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 The other inflationary indicators like Sensitive Price Indicator (SPI) remained at 4.0 percent during Jul-April FY 2019 against the 0.8 percent during the corresponding period last year. Wholesale Price Index (WPI) was recorded at 11.7 percent in July-April FY 2019 compared to 2.8 percent in corresponding period of FY 2018. Core inflation which is Non Food and Non Energy is recorded at 8.1 percent compared to 5.6 percent of corresponding period of FY 2018. The rising input costs on the back of high utility prices and the lagged impact of exchange rate depreciation is likely to maintain upward pressure on inflation during the remaining period of current fiscal year. The impact will be more visible on non food prices while the food prices are likely to remain stable due to effective monitoring of prices and smooth supply of essential commodities by the federal and provincial governments. Trade and Payments The export target for FY2019 was set at US$ 28 billion. Exports registered a decline of 1.9 percent growth during July-April FY2019. Exports during July-April FY2019 reached to US$ 20.09 billion as compared to US$ 20.48 in July-April FY2018. Import target for FY2019 was set to US$ 56.5 billion. Imports stood at US$ 44.03 billion in July-April FY2019 as compared to US$ 46.30 billion in the same period last year showing a decline of 4.9 percent. The reduction in imports is due to decrease in imports of furnace oil, machinery & electric equipment, palm oil, colza seeds and textiles. Trade account especially services trade presented a positive picture in FY2019. Goods Trade balance contracted by 7.3 percent during Jul-Apr FY2019 to US$ 23.93 billion as compared to US$ 25.81 billion in the corresponding period last year. On the other hand, services sector remained on positive trajectory throughout FY2019. Major shift in current account balance also came from services sector which shrunk by 36.18 percent to US$ 3.217 billion during Jul-Apr FY2019 as compared US$ 5.04 billion in the same period last year. Pakistan’s current account deficit outlook remains positive throughout FY2019. Current account deficit reached to US$ 11.586 billion in Jul-April FY2019 as compared to US$ 15.864 billion in the same period last year and showed a contraction of 26.9 percent. While last year during the same period it widened by 69.6 percent during July-April FY2018. However, month on month it increased to US$ 1241 million in April FY2019 as compared to US$ 871 million in March FY2019. Decreasing exports and low remittances, specifically from EU and UAE, pushed up CAB in the month of April FY2019. The remittances registered a significant growth of 8.45 percent during July-April FY 2019 as compared to 5.36 percent last year, and reached to US$ 17.875 billion during first ten months of current fiscal year against US$ 16.482 billion during the same period last year. On the back of initiatives taken by the government and the trend observed, it is expected that target of US$ 21.2 billion for FY 2019 is likely to be achieved. Foreign investment remained low during Jul-Apr FY2019. It dropped by 51.7 percent in July-April FY2019 to US $ 1.376 billion as compared to US $ 2.849 billion in July-April FY2018. FDI from China remained at 31.2 percent of overall inflows as compare to 60.5 percent in the preceding year. However, China continued to dominate direct investment followed by UK and Hongkong. A considerable decline in investment from Malaysia has been observed in this period. Foreign portfolio investment account witnessed an outflow of US$ 1.27 billion in July-April FY2019 as compared to US$ 2.352 billion inflows in the same period last year. Eurobond and Sukuk bonds in x
23. Overview of the Economy December 2017 worth of US $ 2.5 billion were the main reason of the hump in FPI last year. However, amid decline in foreign investment, external financing from bilateral sources were quite helpful. Meanwhile, Pakistan has also improved its position on ease of doing business index and jumped to 136th position as compared to 147th position last year out of total 190 economies. This will surely attract foreign investors and will boost FDI. Although the higher import bills and debt repayments led to depletion of FR reserves. Yet it was stabilized with the help of monetary inflows from friendly countries. Pakistan had received US$ 9.2 billion as a financial support from China, Saudi Arabia and UAE between July 1, 2018 and end-March 2019. Foreign exchange reserves stood at US$ 15.722 billion till end-April FY2019. This was below than the total reserves of US$ 17.519 billion of the same period last year. Out of this SBP reserves were US$ 8.781 billion, where reserves held with commercial banks were US$ 6.941 billion. The PKR also remained under pressure during the year, as despite the decline in the current account gap, it stayed at a high level. Responding to the resulting payment pressures, the PKR depreciated by 14.1 percent against the US Dollar between July 1, 2018 and April 22, 2019. Public Debt Total public debt stood at Rs 28,607 billion at end of March 2019, recording an increase of Rs 3,655 billion during the first nine months of current fiscal year. The bifurcation of this increase is as follows: The cumulative increase in debt stock cannot be entirely attributed to the borrowing of the government. External loans are contracted in various currencies; however, disbursements are effectively converted into Pak Rupee. Thus, devaluation of Pak Rupee against international currencies can increase the value of external public debt portfolio when converted into Pak Rupee for reporting purposes. This is evident from the fact that increase in external public debt contributed Rs.1,900 billion to the public debt during first nine months of ongoing fiscal year while government borrowing for financing of fiscal deficit from external sources was Rs.524 billion during the said period. This differential was mainly on account of depreciation of Pak Rupee against US Dollar. It is worth noting that depreciation of Pak Rupee increases the rupee value of external public debt, however, any such negative impact is spread over many years depending on the life of any given loan and immediate cash flow impact is not significant. The domestic debt registered an increase of Rs.1,754 billion while government borrowing for financing of fiscal deficit from domestic sources was Rs.1,398 billion. This differential is mainly attributed to an increase in credit balances of the government with the banking system. Pakistan's public debt dynamics witnessed various developments during the ongoing fiscal year, some of them are highlighted below: Government introduced Pakistan Banao Certificates (PBC) which is a US Dollar denominated retail level instrument, for Pakistanis having bank accounts overseas. PBC is the first sovereign retail instrument being offered by Government of Pakistan that allows overseas Pakistanis to contribute towards their country’s development while providing attractive investment opportunity. Borrowing from commercial sources have relatively increased during the last few years, however, external public debt still largely comprises multilateral and bilateral sources which cumulatively constituted 78 percent of external public debt portfolio at end March 2019. These multilateral and bilateral loans are contracted at concessional terms. xi
24. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Government has taken various measures to transform Central Directorate of National Savings from merely a retail debt raising arm of the government to an effective vehicle for financial inclusion . Initiatives are being taken to introduce Sharia Products, Overseas Pakistanis Savings Certificates, Rs.100,000 Premium Prize Bonds, Scrip-less Issuances, Registered Prize Bonds, Debit Cards & Membership of 1-Link System. In accordance with the Medium Term Debt Management Strategy (2015/16-2018/19), at end June 2018, three of the nine thresholds were breached by a range varying from 0.5 percent to 1.6 percent. The upper range for the risk indicator “Domestic Debt Maturing within a Year” was 65 percent while this indicator at end June 2018 was recorded at 66.3 percent. The banks opted to tilt their portfolio towards short term market treasury bills as expectation of a further rise in policy rate discouraged them to invest in long-term debt instruments, largely to manage market risk. The upper range for “Domestic Debt Re-Fixing in 1 Year” and “Public Debt Re-Fixing in 1 Year” was envisaged at 65 percent and 55 percent respectively, while these indicators stood at 66.6 percent and 55.5 percent respectively at end June 2018. Short term external public debt maturities were 80.6 percent of official liquid reserves at end June 2018 compared with 68.5 percent at end June 2013. During first nine month of current fiscal year, EDL recorded an increase of US$ 10.6 billion to stand at US$ 105.8 billion at end March 2019 out of which public debt was US$ 74.2 billion. External public debt increased by around US$ 3.9 billion during first nine months of current fiscal year compared with the increase of US$ 6.7 billion witnessed during the same period last year. Government is committed to achieve the targets outlined in Fiscal Responsibility and Debt Limitation Act, 2005. Over the medium term, Government’s objective is to bring and maintain its Public Debt-to-GDP and Debt Service-to-Revenue ratios to sustainable levels through a combination of greater revenue mobilization, rationalization of current expenditure and efficient and productive utilization of debt. Education To achieve the Goal 4 of SDGs, the federal government is committed to work with provinces for allocation of more resources for education, decrease the number of out of school children (OOSC), reduce the dropout rates, bring uniformity in education standards and enhance access to vocational and skills training. The country wide school enrolments during 2017-18 were recorded at 50.616 million compared to 48.062 million during 2016-17. It improved by 5.31 percent and it is estimated to further increase by 4.8 percent to 53.032 million during 2018-19. The total numbers of the educational institutes were recorded at 260.6 thousand during 2017-18 as compared to 260.1 thousand during 2016-17. This number is estimated to increase by 1.60 percent to 264.7 thousand during 2018-19. The total numbers of teachers during 2017-18 were 1.753 million compared to 1.726 million during 2016-17 showing an increase of 1.6 percent. This number is estimated to increase by 2.85 percent to 1.803 million during the year 2018-19. According to Labour Force Survey 2017-18, literacy rate was estimated at 62.3 percent in 2017-18 as compared to 60.7 percent estimated in 2014-15. For males it increased from 71.6 percent to 72.5 percent and for females it increased from 49.6 percent to 51.8 percent. Area wise analysis suggests that literacy rate increased in both rural areas (51.9 percent to 53.3 percent) and urban areas (76.0 percent to 76.6 percent). Literacy rate increased in three provinces; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa from 54.1 percent to 55.3 percent, Punjab from 61.9 percent to 64.7 percent and Balochistan from 54.3 percent to 55.5 percent while Sindh it decreased marginally from 63.0 percent to 62.2 percent. xii
25. Overview of the Economy Public Expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP is estimated at 2 .4 percent in FY2018 as compared to 2.2 percent in FY2017. The education related expenditure increased by 18.6 percent to Rs 829.2 billion in FY2018 from Rs 699.2 billion in FY2017. The provincial governments are also spending sizeable amount of their Annual Development Plans (ADPs) on education. Punjab increased its expenditure in FY2018 to Rs 340.8 billion from Rs 260.6 billion in FY2017 showing an increase of 30.8 percent. Sindh increased its expenditure from Rs 146.7 billion in FY2017 to Rs 166.0 billion in FY2018 showing an increase of 13.16 percent. Similarly, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan also increased their expenditure on education from Rs 136.1 billion to Rs 142.6 billion and from Rs 47.7 billion to Rs 52.8 billion respectively during the corresponding period. Under the PSDP 2018-19, the government had initially allocated Rs. 35.829 billion to HEC for implementing 178 development projects (133 ongoing & 45 un-approved projects) of Public Sector universities. However, with rationalization of PSDP by Ministry of Planning, Development & Reform (PD&R), the size of the PSDP allocation was revised to Rs. 30.961 billion for only 136 ongoing development projects of Universities. These projects are; Construction of new academic buildings, Strengthening of ICT Infrastructure, Faculty Development, Procurement of Laboratory Equipment and other approved components. In addition to PSDP budget, a Technical Supplementary Grant of Rs. 0.503 billion for the project titled "Award of 3000 Scholarships to students from Afghanistan under the Prime Minister's Directive" has also been released to HEC. Under this scheme, the Government of Pakistan offers scholarships to 3000 Afghan students in various field including Medicine, Engineering, Agriculture, Management and Computer Sciences to create Pakistan's goodwill among the people of Afghanistan, to promote Human Resource Development for reconstruction of Afghanistan, to develop people to people contact between two neighbouring countries and to create excellent leadership qualities among Afghan Youth. Health and Nutrition Ministry of National Health Services, Regulations and Coordination in collaboration with provincial governments, started a landmark and flagship health care and social protection initiative, the Sehat Sahulat Program (SSP). In the first phase, the program is being implemented in 38 districts of Pakistan covering 3.2 million families. Initially, In Sehat Sahulat Program each enrolled family will be insured upto Rs. 50,000/- per year for secondary care treatment and upto Rs. 250,000/- per year for 7 priority care treatment. Patients who have consumed their limits will be provided with additional limits by Pakistan Bait-ul-Mal. In phase-II of the Sehat Sahulat Program, benefit package of each enrolled family has been raised to Rs. 120,000/- per year for secondary care treatment and up to Rs. 600,000/- per year for 8 priority diseases/illnesses related treatment. Furthermore, SSP is a cashless scheme in which no cash assistance or cash transfers will be provided to the beneficiary except indoor health care services and a traveling allowance. Traveling allowance of Rs. 350/- per discharge, for a total of 3 discharges per year, from residence to hospital and back is provided to the beneficiaries. In Phase-II of SSP, enhanced transportation cost of Rs. 1,000 is being provided to beneficiaries upon discharge. As of 9th February 2019, a total of 3,237,660 families have been enrolled in the Sehat Sahulat Program and more than 117,726 families have been treated for various illnesses from 157 empanelled hospitals across Pakistan. Sehat Sahulat Program is being implemented through State Life Insurance Corporation of Pakistan, hired through an open and transparent bidding process. Services are delivered to the beneficiaries by empaneling secondary and tertiary level health care facilities, both at public and private sector, in all focused districts and metropolitan cities of the country. The hospital is being empanelled through the insurance company based on hospital empanelment criteria set forth in the program documents. xiii
26. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Ministry of National Health Services Regulations & Coordination has initiated a strategy in January, 2019 to enhance efforts to reduce the prevalence of tobacco use in any form in the country by urging all tobacco manufacturers to print new Pictorial Health Warning (PHW) on cigarette packs and outers. Cumulative health expenditures by federal and provincial governments during 2018-19 (July-March) increased to Rs 203.74 billion which is 3.29 percent higher than Rs.197.25 spent during the corresponding period of previous year. The current expenditure increased by 19.84 percent from Rs. 149.97 billion to Rs. 179.72 billion while development expenditure decreased by 49.19 percent from Rs.47.28 billion to Rs.24.03 billion. However, the break-up of expenditures among federal government and provincial governments demonstrates that during July-March FY2019, Federal and Punjab health expenditures decreased by 10.0 and 8.2 percent, respectively, as compared to the corresponding period of the last year. On the other hand, health expenditures of Sindh, Baluchistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa increased by 22.2, 18.4 and 10.5 percent respectively, during the same period. As percentage of GDP, health expenditure has improved from 0.91 percent in 2016-17 to 0.97 percent in 2017-18. During FY 2018-19 (July-March) it has increased by 0.53 percent compared to 0.49 percent increase recorded during the corresponding period of last year. By the year 2018, the number of public sector hospitals has increased to 1,279. The number of Basic Health Units (BHUs) has increased to 5,527, that of Rural Health Centres (RHCs) to 686 and that of dispensaries to 5,671. The total number of registered doctors is 220,829, of registered dentists is 22,595 and that of registered nurses is 108,474. Population, Labour Force and Employment The population growth rate at 2.4 percent as depicted by the census 2017 is still very high. This shows that the efforts aimed to arrest high population growth have only brought modest success. The Honourable Supreme Court of Pakistan, taking Family Planning as a human right issue, took Suo Moto Notice on 4th July 2018 and constituted a Task Force to frame clear, specific and actionable recommendations to address the issue of very high population growth. The Task Force, after a series of meetings, framed a set of recommendations aiming at enhancing contraceptive rate (CPR) to 55 percent, lowering total fertility rate (TFR) to 2.1 and bringing down population growth rate to 1.5 percent. On similar lines, the provincial governments have also formed their respective task forces which are headed by the Chief Ministers. The purpose is to have highest level commitment from the provinces so that a coordinated strategy is developed to tackle the population issue. Employment growth is a challenge for any developing, labour abundant economy. In the past the plans were designed to promote growth but less priority was given to employment generation. The present government has taken special initiatives to fulfil its commitment to create 10 million jobs during its term of five years. Private sector will play a key role in creation of jobs supported by the government. Naya Pakistan Housing Program, which is government’s initiative to provide affordable housing to low income groups targeting most vulnerable segment of our economy by constructing 10 million houses, has a potential to generate massive employment opportunities during next five years. Similarly, National Financial inclusion Strategy to promote SMEs and digitization of financial services will also create substantial employment opportunities. It is also estimated that investments in tourism will generate over half a million new direct and induced jobs over the next five years. For the youth, the government has launched a new program – the Kamyab Jawan Program. Over the next xiv
27. Overview of the Economy 5 years , it is estimated that 138 thousand youth will benefit from KamyabJawan program, with banks disbursing a cumulative credit of Rs 200 billion. Transport and Communication NHA network comprises of 47 national highways, motorways, expressways and strategic roads with cumulative length of 12,743 km. NHA's portfolio consists of 38 on-going projects with an allocation of Rs.176,636.80 million in PSDP 2018-19 out of which 66,700.00 million is the Foreign Exchange Component (FEC) and Rs.109,936.80 million is the local component. There are 08 new schemes as well in PSDP 2018-19 with total estimated cost of Rs. 8,561.00 million. On Eastern Alignment, as a short-term project, NHA in corroboration with CPEC is completing 3,005 Km length of roads on 17 different projects while on western alignment, as short to medium term projects, a total of 1,799 Km length of roads construction on 6 different projects is in progress and on central alignment, as medium to long term projects, a total of 626 Km length of roads on 3 segments are under study with indicated plan period of 2025-30. NHA has already constructed four segments of Pakistan Motorway Network i.e., Peshawar -Islamabad Motorway (M-1), Islamabad - Lahore Motorway (M-2), Lahore Abdul Hakeem Motorway (M-3) and Pindi Bhattian- Gojra Section and Khanewal - Multan Section of Motorway (M-4) on a virgin corridor. NHA is now constructing the remaining section of M-4 from Gojra - Khanewal. Work on Karachi - Hyderabad Motorway (M-9) on BOT basis is also substantially completed. After completing its current projects by December 2019, the total length of motorways will become 2,362.2 Km. CPEC is the flagship and most actively implemented project of Belt & Road Initiative (BRI) where Pakistan and China have successfully launched 22 projects on the ground, costing more than US$ 28.5 billion. Chinese and Pakistani workforce, in a large number, is employed to ensure timely completion of the infrastructure projects and launch new projects like ML-1, Eastbay Expressway and Airport at Gawadar. Pakistan and China are also executing Cross-border Fibre optic project (Khunjerab-Rawalpindi). Pakistan Railways comprises of 470 locomotives (458 Diesel Engine and 12 Steam Engines) for 7,791-kilometre length of route. During FY 2019(July -February), gross earnings grew by 10.3 percent to Rs 34,0661 million against Rs 30891.1 million during the same period last year. During the period July- February FY 2019, number of passengers carried increased to 39.9 million against 35.9 million during the same period last year, thereby, recording a growth of 11.0 percent. Likewise, passenger traffic Km (million), freight carried tons million, and freight tons Km (million) grew by 11.9 percent, 2.9 percent and 7.8 percent, respectively. PIA is in the process of implementing its Strategic Business Plan 2019-23 to improve its performance by acquiring new aircrafts for its fleet. PNSC has achieved substantial growth of 35 percent in its revenue (from Rs.1,272 million to Rs.1,717 million) in managed bulk carrier segment and growth of 28 percent (from Rs.3,001 million to Rs.3,833 million) in liquid cargo segment through its managed vessels. Fleet Direct operating expenses decreased to Rs. 5,500 million (including Rs.1,104 million from PNSC) from Rs.5,747 million (including Rs.1,738 million from PNSC), thereby resulting in gross profit of Rs.1,852 million as against Rs.1,656 million for the same period last year. PNSC profitability has increased by 61 percent with Profit after Tax of Rs.1,402 million during this period against Rs.872 million in the same period last year. Earnings per share for the PNSC increased to Rs.10.62 against Rs.6.60 during the corresponding period of last year. Two LR-1 tankers have been added in PNSC's managed fleet namely "M.T. Bolan" and "M.T. Khairpur". The Karachi Port Trust’s operational performance during FY 2018-19 (July-March) stood at 35,361,000 tones. The export cargo handled 10,415,000 tons as compared to 9,206,000 tons last xv
28. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 year , showing a substantial increase of 13 percent, while volume of import cargo stood at 24,945,000 tons, as against the 31,379,000 tons handled last year, showing a decrease of 22 percent. The restricted import is due to government’s measures to discourage non essential imports. Total through put of Port Qasim Authority increased by 12.6 percent. The port’s operational performance during FY 2018-19 (July-March) stood at 36.580 million tonnes, showing an increase of 12.6 percent over the corresponding period of last year. The volume of import cargo during July-March 2018-19 stood at 31.293 million tons, as against the 27.342 million tons handled during corresponding period last year, showing an increase of 14.4 percent. The export cargo handled was 5.287 million tons during first nine months of FY 2018-19, as compared to 5.127 million tons handled during corresponding period last year, showing an increase of 3.7 percent. A total of 1,139 ships called on Port, which comprised 371 Container ships and 768 Non-Container ships. Gawadar Port is the second greatest monument of Pak-China friendship after Karakoram Highway linking Pakistan and China. Gawadar has handled last year around 7.156 Metric Ton Cargo from 53 ships. The telecommunication market in Pakistan is open and deregulated, offering level playing field to operators. The Universal Services Fund Company (USF Co.) launched projects to provide telecommunication coverage to approximately 12,000 unserved mauzas with a population of around 15 million, across all provinces of Pakistan. In current fiscal year USF has successfully launched a project to provide coverage to the unserved segments, spanning 669 kms, on National Highway 10 and National Highway 25 (partially). There has been a consistent growth in IT&ITeS-BPO remittances over last 5 years, with 151 percent growth in IT&ITeS-BPO remittances at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 20 percent, the highest growth rate amongst all industries, and the highest in the region. Pakistan’s IT &ITeS-BPO exports are estimated to have crossed US $ 3.3 billion a year at present. In addition, export remittances earned by MSMEs and freelancers are estimated to be $500 million. Whereas annual domestic revenue exceeds $1 billion. A new state of the art IT Park in Islamabad is being established under financing from Korea Exim Bank through the Economic Development Cooperation Fund (EDCF), spreading over an area of 14.9 acres of land. The construction of IT Park will be undertaken in two phases. Cost estimate for first phase is USD 88.25 million for which loan agreement has been signed. It is expected that design and construction of IT Park will be completed by 2022. The cellular mobile sector has invested US $158.3 million during the first two quarters of FY 2018-19. By the end of March 2019, the total number of mobile subscriptions in Pakistan reached 159 million with the net addition of 8.8 million subscribers during July, 2018 to March 2019. Biometric re-verification of SIMs in 2014-15 had an adverse impact on the cellular subscriber base. The number of broadband subscriber addition during first nine months of 2018-19 stood at 10 million. PTA has generated over Rs. 209 billion during June 2013 to March 2019 through its levies, fee and other charges. Total number of registered TV sets holders as on 31st March, 2019 are 19,138,693. Pakistan Post has launched “The Same Day Delivery Services” to facilitate the delivery of packets and documents within the city. The service was launched in November 2018 in 26 cities and will be extended to other cities in future. During the first six months (July to December) of the current fiscal year 2018-19 Pakistan Post Office Department has received the foreign remittances amounting to Rs 4,256.478 million. Total number of Post Offices in Pakistan as on March 2019 are 10496. Energy The energy side bottlenecks have hampered the economic growth of the country in the past. In order to address the energy shortage, massive projects were incorporated in between years 2013-18, adding xvi
29. Overview of the Economy a cumulative capacity of 12 ,230 MW. However, the transmission and distribution side congestion and inefficiencies has hampered the sustained delivery of energy services. Additionally, the higher energy prices are also a by-product of such aggressive capacity additions during 2013-18. In term of energy-mix, in FY2018, Pakistan’s reliance on oil has been reduced to 31.2 percent while reliance on gas has been reduced to 34.6 percent, while the share of hydel energy stood at 7.7 percent. Though the declining share of oil is a welcoming sign, the diminishing share of hydro represents the shortsightedness of policy as well as the inability of successive governments to undertake large capital-intensive projects in a timely manner. The reduction of natural gas share is somewhat attributed to declining natural gas reserves as well as restricted consumption of gas in the transport industry and the induction of LNG since 2015. The share of imported LNG has increased from 0.7 percent in FY2015 to 8.7 percent in FY2018. The share of renewable was at 1.1 percent in FY2018 while the share of nuclear has increased to 2.7 percent in FY2018. Such historical variability for each energy source in the energy mix of the country has been used to formulate the Integrated Energy Plan which will not only help in estimating the energy demands and respective supply paths for the future but also in formulating the evidence based long term policy options. The immediate focus of the government is to reduce the losses and increase the effectiveness of the whole value chain. Power Division, Ministry of Energy has given a target to DISCOs to recover PKR 80 billion from old receivables and to ensure that the receivable figures do not increase from the level recorded on 31st October 2018. Further, DISCOs have been given a target to recover another PKR 60 billion by controlling theft and improving governance and efficiency. As of end March 2019, total installed capacity of electricity reached 34,282 MW which was at 33,433 MW at end of March 2018, thus, posting a growth of 2.5 percent. Although electricity generation varies due to availability of inputs and other constraints, the generation increased from 82,011 GWh to 84,680 GWh, posting a growth of 2.1 percent during the period under discussion. As far as the share of different sources of electricity generation is concerned, it can be observed that the share of hydro in electricity generation has decreased over the last few decades. Availability of water is one of the main reason for reduced generation from hydel power plants. Currently, thermal has the largest share in electricity generation. Share of RLNG has shown a tremendous growth in energy mix as it served the demand of various power plants (Bhikki, Haveli Bahadur Shah, Balloki, Halmore, Orient, Rousch, KAPCO, Saif and Sapphire) as well as that of fertilizer plants and industrial and transport sector. The government has also shown its commitment for electricity generation through renewable energy sources. During July 2018 - March 2019, there was an increase of 1 percent in share of renewables in electricity generation, and it is expected that the share will further increase in coming years. Oil (Petroleum Product): Pakistan mainly depends upon oil and gas resources to fulfil energy requirements. The domestic production of crude oil remained at 24.6 million barrels during JulyMarch FY2019 compared to 21.8 million barrels during the corresponding period last year. Indigenous resources of oil are not enough to meet the requirements of a growing economy. As a result, Pakistan has to import large quantity of oil as well as oil-based products from Middle Eastern countries especially from Saudi Arabia. During July- March FY2019, the quantity of crude oil import remained at 6.6 million tons valuing US $ 3.4 billion compared to 7.8 million tons valuing US $ 2.9 billion during the same period last year. Natural Gas: At present, the capacity of two Floating Storage and Regasification Unit (FRSU) to Re-gasify Liquefied Natural Gas (RLNG) is 1200 MMCFD and accordingly RLNG is being xvii
30. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 imported to mitigate gas demand-supply shortfall . The average natural gas consumption was about 3,865 Million Cubic Feet per day (MMCFD) including 785 MMCFD volume of RLNG during July 2018 to February 2019. During July – Feb FY2019, the two Gas utility companies (SNGPL & SSGCL) have laid 69 Km Gas Transmission network, 3,232 Km Distribution and 1,366 Km Services lines and connected 165 villages/towns to gas network. During this period, 428,305 additional gas connections including 425,404 domestic, 2,770 commercial and 131 industrial were provided across the country. It is the focus of the government to provide sustainable energy for all. Furthermore, improvement in access to energy and off grid solutions will be provided under the new renewable energy policy. For the sustainable provision of such services, market forces and policy options need to be harmonized. As far as market forces are concerned, business models of energy services companies (ESCO) and sustainable energy utility (SEU) should be developed and incentivized. Such market forces should be encouraged since it will provide jobs to the work force. Social Protection The government dissects pro-poor expenditure in different sectors through the Medium-Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) under PRSP-II program. Expenditure on these pro-poor sectors has shown an increasing trend in absolute terms as well as percentage of GDP. Expenditure on these sectors increased from Rs. 1,934.2 billion in FY 2014 which was 7.7 percent of GDP to Rs. 3,167.92 billion in FY 2018 which is 9.2 percent of GDP. The social safety nets are major initiatives to reinforce the government’s efforts to reduce the adverse effects of poverty on the poor. Benazir Income Support Program (BISP), a flagship program of the government has made a remarkable progress by providing cash transfers to over 5.8 million beneficiaries. The quarterly cash grant has gradually been enhanced by the successive governments which currently stands at Rs. 5000/- per quarter per eligible beneficiary. Since inception, BISP has disbursed Rs 691.5 billion as cash transfers. BISP is following the path of automation and 98.5 percent of beneficiaries are being paid through technology-based payment mechanisms. Under Waseela-e-Taleem program, 3.1 million children have been enrolled so far and an amount of Rs. 9.8 billion has been disbursed. Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund (PPAF) also helps in micro-credit, water, health, education, livelihood. Since its inception in April 2000 uptill March 2019, PPAF has disbursed an amount of approximately Rs. 222.037 billion to its Partner Organizations (POs) in 137 districts across the country. The overall disbursements for core operations during July 2018 to March, 2019 amounted to Rs 756 million. Pakistan Baitul Mal (PBM) is also making a significant contribution towards poverty reduction by providing financial assistance to destitute, widows, orphans, invalid, infirm and other needy persons irrespective of their gender, cast, creed and religion through its establishments at the district level. During July to March FY2019, PBM has disbursed an amount of Rs 2.562 billion through its core projects. Workers Welfare Fund (WWF) is providing various services in the areas of housing, health and education to the industrial workers and financial assistance is also being extended in the form of death grant, marriage grant and scholarships. During July-March, FY2019 expenditures amounting to Rs 468.273 million have been incurred on 3,992 scholarships while Rs 1,985.38 million has been disbursed as Marriage Grant (@100,000/-) which benefitted 19,854 workers’ families. WWF has also disbursed Rs 1,597.55 million as Death Grant (@500,000/-) to 3,195 families all over the country. xviii
31. Overview of the Economy Employees Old-Age Benefits Institution (EOBI) provides monetary benefits to the old age workers through various programs such as the Old-Age Pension, Invalidity Pension, Survivors Pension and Old-Age Grants. During July-March 2018-19, Rs. 23.30 billion has been disbursed to 401,940 beneficiaries. Climate Change Changing pattern of climate has emerged as one of the biggest environmental challenges, which is affecting almost all the sectors of economy particularly water resources, energy, health, biodiversity, with a major impact on agricultural productivity. In view of Pakistan’s high vulnerability to the adverse impact of climate change, the current government is committed to meet this challenge and the Prime Minister has constituted “Prime Minister’s Committee on Climate Change” to provide high level strategic guidance and platform for coordinated efforts on the issues of climate change. Federal Forestry Board (FFB) has also been revived to rehabilitate forests and forest cover in the country. Ministry of climate change has adopted a comprehensive approach on the disaster risk reduction and management. The present government has launched Ten Billion Trees Tsunami Program (TBTTP), to revive forestry and to improve watershed management and soil conservation to combat the negative impacts of climate change. The government has also introduced climate budget coding and expenditure tracking system. This initiative has become a solid conduit for mainstreaming the climate change finance and will improve transparency in public investments. The monitoring of the expenditure will also give confidence to the international development partners in tracking expenditure under different funding streams to ensure that the finances are spent on the intended objectives. xix
32. BLANK PAGE
33. CHAPTER 1 Growth and Investment The growth momentum of the Pakistani economy , at 5.5 percent in FY2018 (with an average growth rate of 4.7 percent for period FY 2014-2018), became unsustainable due to rising macroeconomic imbalances i.e. high and increasing fiscal and current account deficits. The twin deficits always persisted in the Pakistani economy, however, in FY2018 trade deficit was historically high both in monetary value ($ 32 billion) and as a percent of GDP (10.1 percent), while the fiscal deficit reached 6.5 percent of GDP. The contained inflation and maintained exchange rate accelerated the growth in domestic demand. High consumption expenditure and government spending in turn led to massive surge in imports. Some of required adjustments on fiscal accounts and exchange rate were delayed in FY2018 being an election year, that resulted in depletion of foreign reserves and increase in monetary borrowing. As such, there was an urgent need to address these growing imbalances, particularly in external accounts, by taking strong measures to curb the growth of money supply and realign exchange rate to market conditions. These measures will have an adverse short term effect on the fiscal imbalances and there would be a need to address them in coming days and months. Moreover, over time, the government would have to make concerted efforts to tackle structural weaknesses in the economy side to avoid a repeat of similar crises in future, and ensure a sustainable growth path for the economy. Looking back at FY2017-18, while the macroeconomic imbalances continue to rise, required adjustments could not be undertaken until August, as the caretaker government, which was in place for first two months of FY2019, was not mandated to take major economic retransformation. On August 18, 2018, the present government took office and started tackling the challenge of stabilizing the economy primarily by managing the aggregate demand and addressing the deep-rooted structural problems. They took difficult decisions in reducing the overvaluation of exchange rate and aligned it to the market value-based exchange rate; increased policy interest rate and energy prices which were kept subdued since last year. The government also achieved considerable success in mobilizing additional financing from friendly countries in the form of short- to medium-term loans, deferred payment on imported oil and temporary deposits in the central banks. Saudi Arabia provided a US$ 6 billion assistance package – US3 billion in short loan and US$ 3 billion in the shape of deferred payment on oil imports. Similarly, the UAE government provided US$ 1 billion, whereas China has given US$ 2.2 billion. These measures and inflows have strengthened Pakistan’s foreign exchange reserves and reduced external vulnerabilities to some extent. However, despite some of these positive measures, growing tensions between India and Pakistan in February 2019, had a short term adverse impact on business sentiments and investments in the country. International agencies revised downward their projections of economic growth in Pakistan. For example, the IMF has lowered its projection for economic growth in Pakistan in FY2018-19 to below 3 percent, partly due to government demand containing adjustments and partly because of the negative effects of tariff increases enacted in the United States and China earlier in the year. In view of these above mentioned factors, GDP growth in FY2018-19 remain subdued. However, as some results of the stabilization process have already started to materialize, particularly on external front, there has been a sharp reduction in the current account deficit1. It is expected that combination of 1 An improvement of 27 percent in a year-on-year comparison for Jul-Apr FY19 and FY18, primarily driven by an increase in remittances and fall in imports.
34. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 adjustments and reforms measures initiated by the government , the economy will attain a more stable and robust growth momentum in coming years. Pakistan Economic Growth and Global Perspective Although domestically the government was following stabilization process, however globally, rising trade tensions posed a risk to the global growth outlook in FY 2019. After a strong growth in 2017 and early 2018, global economic activity slowed noticeably in the second half of last year, reflecting a confluence of factors affecting major economies. This is the reason IMF has revised downward real GDP growth for almost all countries in World Economic Outlook, April 2019 for FY2019 (Table 1). Table 1: Change in Real GDP growth rate forecast April 2018 – April 2019 Table-:Real GDP Growth Rates (% ) WEO, April 2018 Group / Country Name 2018 WEO, Oct 2018 2019 2018 WEO, April 2019 2019 2018 2019 World 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.3 Euro area 2.4 2.0 2 1.9 1.8 1.5 United States 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.7 2.3 1.9 Japan 1.2 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.9 Other Advanced Economies 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.2 1.9 Emerging Market and Developing Economies 4.9 5.1 4.7 4.8 4.5 4.4 Indonesia 5.3 5.5 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.2 Thailand 3.9 3.8 4.6 3.9 4.1 3.5 Malaysia 5.3 5.0 4.7 4.6 4.7 4.7 Philippines 6.7 6.8 6.5 6.6 6.2 6.5 Forecast ASEAN SOUTH ASIA India 7.4 7.8 7.3 7.4 7.1 7.3 Bangladesh 7.0 7.0 7.3 7.1 7.7 7.3 Sri Lanka 4.0 4.5 3.7 4.3 3.0 3.5 Pakistan 5.6 4.7 5.8 4.0 5.2 2.9 Saudi Arabia 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.2 1.8 Kuwait 1.3 3.8 2.3 4.1 1.7 2.5 Islamic Republic of Iran 4.0 4.0 -1.5 -3.6 -3.9 -6.0 United Arab Emirates 2.0 3.0 2.9 3.7 1.7 2.8 Turkey 4.4 4.0 3.5 0.4 2.6 -2.5 MIDDLE EAST AFRICA Morocco 3.1 4.0 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.2 South Africa 1.5 1.7 0.8 1.4 0.8 1.2 Kenya 5.5 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.0 5.8 Tanzania 6.4 6.6 5.8 6.6 6.6 4.0 Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic O utlook Database, April 2018, O ct 2018, April 2019 Growth in the United States, bolstered by fiscal stimuli, has continues to be robust. China’s growth declined following a combination of needed regulatory tightening to rein in shadow banking and an increase in trade tensions with the United States. In the Euro Region, economic activity remained somewhat weaker during the current fiscal year owing to slowing net exports, while growth in advanced economies is estimated to have decelerated slightly (to 2.2 percent). Elsewhere, natural disasters hurt activity in Japan. Trade tensions increasingly took a toll on business confidence thus financial market sentiment worsened, with financial conditions tightening for vulnerable emerging 2
35. Growth and Investment markets in the spring of 2018 and then in advanced economies later in the year , weighing on global demand. According to World Bank report January 2019, “Global Economic Perspective”, South Asia growth is expected to accelerate to 7.1 percent in 2019, underpinned by strengthening investment and robust consumption. While domestic demand continues to be the main driver of growth across the region and the cyclical upturn in the exports performance is encouraging, the region needs to redouble its policy efforts towards strengthening its international competitiveness. In fact, South Asia is lagging on several competitiveness indicators, such as attracting foreign investments, penetrating new markets and diversifying and upgrading its exports products. In addition, trade openness and regional integration remains limited. Further, global foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows declined sharply in 2018, following a 23 percent decrease in 2017 from the previous year, to $1.43 trillion, with a 41 percent estimated decrease in the first half of 2018 according to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) report published in January 2019. The decline was largely concentrated in developed countries and was mainly due to large repatriations of foreign earnings from affiliates of foreign investors from the United States of America following tax reforms implemented by the Government of the United States. However, in external trade, for South Asia region, the performance of exports is gradually picking-up in several economies. Further, the outlook for demand from major destinations, such as the United States and the EU, remains positive. This weak international scenario, has also effected foreign direct investment in Pakistan as well as country’s exports. During July-April FY2019, foreign direct investment dropped by 51.7 percent and foreign private investment also declined by 64.3 percent. Pakistan’s exports have been on a declining trend since FY2013. Overall export posted a negative growth in each of three consecutive years (FY2014 – FY2016) and was almost stagnant in FY2017. In FY2018, export grew by 12.5 percent over the level of previous year as exchange rate was adjusted by an aggregate of 14.2 percent during the year.2 However, compared to FY2013 level, export was still lower by 0.12 percent. In FY2019, the positive trend in exports continued in the first quarter of the fiscal year as exports were 4.2 percent higher than the first quarter of FY2018. However, with economy in general and manufacturing sector in particular slowing down under the weight of economic adjustment, export started to decline. During the first nine months of FY2019, export posted an overall decline of 1.9 percent over the same period of FY2018. During the said period, imports declined by 4.9 percent, whereas growth in imports was positive during first two quarters of the fiscal year. A detailed exercise by SBP and Ministry of Commerce has been carried out to identify the tariffs which are high and adversely effects the exports and domestic production, so that the large and small scale industries be uplifted. Other mentionable step is the establishment of Special Economic Zones (SEZs). The government is trying to remove the anomalies and giving tax incentives/exemptions to facilitate the local and foreign investors. Box-1: Development of the Special Economic Zones Development of the Special Economic Zones is one of the main gains from CPEC. It is a driving force for economic growth and taking the fruits of CPEC to the lesser developed regions of Pakistan. The aim is the transformation of trade corridors into Economic Corridors. After implementation of the early harvest projects, the ground is set to generate positive socio-economic impacts of CPEC by enhancing Industrial Collaboration. This will help create efficient and competitive industrial clusters to attract investment and to diversify exports. Chinese SMEs and Start-ups are quite capable and very keen to come and invest in Pakistan. Pakistani Business community is eager to fully maximize benefits from this opportunity. There is huge potential for cooperation in the fields of engineering, automotive industry, information technology, chemicals, construction materials, textiles, agro-based industry, fisheries, marbles, small and medium enterprises particularly cottage 2 The depreciation of rupee happened in three installments of almost 4.5 percent each in December 2017, April and June 2018. 3
36. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 industries . Under CPEC, 9 sites have been identified for developing special economic zones. Pakistan’s side has prepared feasibilities and bankable documents to develop these SEZs in line with the modern trends, taking input from the Chinese development model. Government of Pakistan has already announced a comprehensive and a business-friendly incentive package aimed at up-scaling investors’ relations with China and other nations, to promote the industry and employment; strengthen and form new industry clusters as well as promote exports of goods and services. Focused efforts are underway to populate these industrial zones either through investment in building infrastructure or relocation of industry. This sector encourages joint ventures in order to establish win-win platforms for Pakistani, Chinese and other foreign businessmen. It is estimated that this sector will create up to 800,000 jobs for the local population. Overall, the Industrial cooperation will support:  Improve ease of doing business  Skills development, transfer of technology and expansion of industrial base  Facilitate Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)  Develop Special Economic Zones  Joint marketing and branding  Formulate and refine development plans of relevant industries  Chinese government to encourage Chinese companies to make more local procurements including raw materials and services CPEC Proposed Special Economic Zones (SEZs) S. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SEZ Rashakai Economic Zone , M-1, Nowshera China Special Economic Zone Dhabeji Bostan Industrial Zone AllamaIqbal Industrial City (M3), Faisalabad ICT Model Industrial Zone, Islamabad Development of Industrial Park on Pakistan Steel Mills Land at Port Qasim near Karachi Special Economic Zone at Mirpur Mohmand Marble City Moqpondass SEZ Province/ Region Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Sindh Balochistan Punjab Federal Federal AJK KP(FATA) Gilgit-Baltistan . To break the cycle of recurring instability, the present government has designed a roadmap for stability, growth and productive employment. In short term, sharp adjustment and infusion of external financing will be needed while in medium term planned structural reform particularly focusing on export competiveness, re-establishing fiscal stability and improving governance in key utilities and SOE’s will be implemented. Box 2: A Roadmap For Stability, Growth And Productive Employment * Stabilization Measures Structural Reform i. Lowering the revenue-expenditure gap • Exchange rate Adjustment (19 percent devaluation since Jul 2018) • Policy and administration reforms to improve revenue collection • Increase in policy rate (575 bps since July 2018) • Streamlining government expenditure ii. Narrowing the exports -imports gap • Bilateral Deposits iii. Bridging the saving-investment gap • Additional financing through Pakistan Banao iv. Enhancing Ease of Doing Business Certificates v. Protecting the Poor and the vulnerable vi. Governance Reforms Job Creation Initiatives of Current Government Target is to create 10 million jobs in five years. Private sector will play a key role in creation of jobs supported 4
37. Growth and Investment by the government . The key areas are: Naya Pakistan Housing Program, which is government’s initiative to provide affordable housing targeting most vulnerable segment of our economy by building 10 million houses, has a potential to create 11.9 million jobs during next five years. Similarly, 10 Billion Tree Tsunami-government’s countrywide tree plantation program, National Financial inclusion Strategy-to promote SMEs and digitization of financial services. It is estimated that investments in tourism can generate over half a million new direct and induced jobs over the next five years therefore the government is giving prime importance to tourism. Development of tourism requires crossdepartmental/cross-agency coordination to meet, in a consistent manner. Thus, for connectivity and transport, local government support is required for proper land use, municipal services, policing etc. Further to maintain a balance between pro-consumer and pro-business regulations, both provision of quality services as well as promotion of investment will be ensured. Thus, federal ministry and provincial tourism departments’ capacity and mandate will be strengthened to perform these tasks. For the youth, the government has launched a new program – the Kamyab Jawan Program. Under this program, the National Bank of Pakistan, Bank of Punjab and Bank of Khyber will provide low cost loans to the youth (agreed between 21 – 45 years) for establishing of small businesses enterprises. These loans will be classified in three tiers. Tier I: Loans between Rs 100,000 and 0.5 million, with a debt-equity ratio 90:10 at interest rate of 6 percent. The government will pay the difference between the applied interest rate and KIBOR + 500 bps. Tier II: Loans between Rs 0.5 and 10 million; with a debt equity ratio of 80:20 and carrying an interest rate of 8 percent. The government will pay the difference between the applied interest rate and KIBOR + 400 bps. Tier III: Loans between Rs 10 and 25 million; with a debt equity ratio defined by bank’s lending policy; and carrying an interest rate of 9 percent. The government will pay the difference between the applied interest rate and KIBOR + 400 bps. Over the next 5 years, it is estimated, that 138 thousand youth will benefit from Kamyab Jawan program, with banks disbursing a cumulative sum of Rs 200 billion and interventions in tourism industry will create approximately 0.4 million, 3 million, and 0.6 million jobs respectively, cumulatively leading to creation of 14 million new jobs in next five years. Power Sector Reforms The electricity sector needs to overcome some key issues, including price distortions, insufficient collections, costly and poorly targeted subsidies, governance and regulatory deficiencies, low efficiency in energy supply and distribution. The Government has started working on a new electricity policy. This policy will be a major update and expansion of the existing policy approved in July 2013. In parallel the renewable energy policy is being updated to clearly quantify and qualify the renewable energy share and addition to the national grid. As short-term measures in Power sector reform is bringing tariffs to cost recovery level, along with costcutting and efficiency measures to reach full cost recovery in the electricity sector along-with tariff adjustments to stop the buildup of circular debt. The notification of National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA) determined tariffs for FY 2018 has been done on January 01, 2019. This notification i.e. (11 percent increase) will ensure recovery of PKR. 1,465 billion out of determined revenue requirement (RR) of PKR. 1,611 billion by NEPRA for the future tariff period of twelve months, including subsidies for the sector. Further Industrial support package of Rs. 3 / unit has been announced by the Government to ensure competitiveness of local industry. To eliminate flow and buildup of circular debt beyond FY 2018-19, elements contributing individually to the buildup of CD will be addressed. These will include; i. Attaining recovery level as determined by NEPRA; ii. Meeting the losses determined by NEPRA; iii. Budgeting of subsidies and creating revenue stream for other subsides; iv. One of the key elements is an automaticity in quarterly adjustments. *: Detail Document is available on: http://www.finance.gov.pk/A_Roadmap_for_Stability_and_Growth_April_8.pdf 5
38. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Right from August 2018 , it is the endeavor of the present government to take stabilization measures with a view to overcome the economic imbalance but also to contribute towards structural reforms. The trade-off between the two is recognized explicitly and the phasing and design of policy interventions are aimed at social cost minimization in the short run and growth maximization in the medium run. The recent staff level agreement with IMF is expected to rebuild the confidence of local and foreign investors in Pakistani economy. Addressing Saving – Investment Gap In FY2018, there was rise in consumption both by private sector and general government because of contained inflation and maintained exchange rate. Considering both goods and services, imports increased to US$ 68 billion in FY2018, whereas the exports remained US$ 30 billion. Consequently, the trade deficit ballooned to US$ 37.9 billion. The problem of this large increase in trade deficit was compounded by a flattening of workers’ remittances at about US$ 19.9 billion. As a result, the current account deficit (CAD) which is by definition Saving-Investment gap3 soared to US$ 19.9 billion in FY2018 thus leading to an outflow of US$ 8 billion from SBP reserves. The government made a sizeable adjustment in the interest and exchange rates to contain the aggregate demand and ease the pressure on the balance of payments. These efforts helped in reducing Saving-Investment gap, which has been contained by 27 percent (Fig-1) during July-April FY 2019 compared to 70 percent expansion during same period last year. It happened mainly because, trade deficit declined by 7 percent while last year it recorded 23 percent growth primarily due to containment in imports. Imports declined by 5 percent while workers’ remittances posted significant growth of 9 percent during the period under discussion. Fig-1: Month-wise and period-wise performance of Saving-Investment Gap Month-wise Performance Period-wise Performance 200 (2,000) (4,000) (800) US $ Million US $ Million (300) (1,300) (6,000) (8,000) (10,000) (12,000) (1,800) (14,000) (2,300) (16,000) Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr FY 18 (2,261) (988) (1,220) (1,305) (1,731) (1,524) (1,787) (1,287) (1,486) (2,275) FY 19 (2,130) (720) (914) (1,372) (1,299) (1,888) (873) (278) (871) (1,241) FY 18 (18,000) July-April FY 18 FY 19 (15,864) (11,586) FY 19 Source: State Bank of Pakistan Aggregate Demand Analysis During FY 2018, consumption fueled acceleration in economic growth caused the economy to overheat to a stage where surging aggregate demand expanded the size of external current account deficit to an unprecedented level (6.3 percent of GDP). Historically, Pakistan’s economic growth is characterized as consumption-led growth and this is true for decades. In fact, the dominant part of 3 By definition, savings are part of income not consumed. These are measured indirectly through national income identities by Planning Commission, which uses information about investment estimated by Pakistan Bureau of Statistics; and current account deficit compiled by SBP. Given the data for investment and current account balance, National Savings are worked out as a residual from the identity, which says “savings and investment gap is always equal to the current account balance”. 6
39. Growth and Investment the recent increase in economic growth is attributable to a boom in consumption . Even in FY2019, increase in inflation and borrowing costs amid depreciation of PKR seems not to alter much consumption patterns in the country and its share in GDP had risen to 94.8 percent almost the same level as similar to last year (94.2 percent). The share of Public Consumption in the GDP increased to 12.6 percent during FY2019 from 11.7 percent in FY2018 while the share of Private Consumption in the GDP remained almost stagnant at 82 percent. One reason of high consumption pattern is less saving opportunities because consumers find no incentive to divert resources away from consumption towards saving. Further, high rate of population growth keeps the age dependency ratio high which continues to expand consumption at the expense of saving. The high consumption thus leading to very low domestic saving while as a percent of GDP, domestic saving is also falling. Domestic saving in FY2019 remained at 4.2 percent of GDP much lower than the level achieved in FY2004 where it was 15.6 percent of GDP. The other worrisome point is that the savings are parked in real estate and abroad, thus are poorly leveraged to finance investment and economic growth. Thus the most important factor behind inadequate level of investment is the low level of saving. As mentioned above, government’s stabilization measures have started to take effect, as public and private investments both contracted as a percentage of GDP (a 5 percentage point in Private investment and 8 percentage point in Public including general government investment). In FY 2019, Private Investment as percentage of GDP dropped to 9.8 percent from 10.3 percent in FY2018 while Public including General Government investment also slowed down to 4.0 percent from 4.8 percent during the period under discussion. The fall in Public investment, including general government investment, is mainly due to squeezing PSDP spending. Table 2: Share in GDP As percent of GDP(mp) Sectors 2003-04 Total Consumption 82.6 Private Consumption 74.9 Expenditure General Government 7.8 Expenditure Total Investment 16.4 Gross Fixed Capital 14.8 Formation Private 11.3 Public including General 3.5 Public Change in Inventories 1.6 National Saving 17.7 Domestic Saving 15.6 Foreign Saving -1.22 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 2013-14 91.8 81.0 2014-15 90.7 79.8 2015-16 91.3 80.0 2016-17 93.2 81.9 2017-18 94.2 82.5 2018-19 94.8 82.1 10.8 11.0 11.3 11.3 11.7 12.6 14.6 13.0 15.7 14.1 15.69 14.1 16.2 14.6 16.7 15.1 15.4 13.8 9.9 3.2 10.4 3.7 10.3 3.8 10.1 4.5 10.3 4.8 9.8 4.0 1.6 13.4 7.7 1.28 1.6 14.7 8.6 1.03 1.6 13.9 7.8 1.74 1.6 12.0 6.5 4.1 1.6 10.4 5.1 6.3 1.6 10.7 4.2 4.7 In view of large macroeconomic imbalances, SBP started to tighten the monetary policy starting January 2018, to date the SBP policy rate has been raised by a (cumulative) 650 bps to 12.25 percent till May 2019. Nonetheless, in the first 10 months of FY2019, private sector borrowing was up to Rs. 587.6 billion, against the borrowing of Rs. 532.6 billion in the comparable period last year. On average, it has posted growth of 9.8 percent during the period under discussion in FY2019 against the growth of 10.2 percent in the comparable period of FY2018. Whereas on Y-o-Y basis, it has shown a growth of 14.5 percent as on 03rd May, FY2019. As for the financing categories, the 7
40. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 activity in working capital loans was more prominent due to rising commodity prices and input costs which increased the financing requirements of the corporate sector . The provisional estimates of Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) for the year FY2019 stands at Rs.5,340.0 billion and posted a growth of 1.9 percent when compared to FY2019. In private sector, the GFCF is estimated at Rs.3,796.1 billion during FY2019 against Rs.3,564.0 billion in FY2018 with an increase of 6.5 percent while, in Public Sector GFCF posted a growth of 9.8 percent as it is estimated at Rs.345.3 billion during FY2019 against Rs.314.6 billion during FY2018. Estimates of GFCF in the General Government sector are based on budgetary data of federal, provincial and districts governments. The budgeted data is used in the first year which is subject to changes on the basis of actual and reconciled expenditure by various tiers of government in subsequent year. The provisional overall GFCF for general government services for FY2019 has been estimated at Rs.1198.5 billion, a decline of 12 percent over the revised estimates of Rs.1362.3 billion during FY2018. GFCF related expenditure for the federal government has been estimated at Rs.419.8 billion with growth of 15.6 percent over previous year's estimates of Rs.362.3 billion. However, GFCF related expenditure by provincial governments has declined by 29.2 percent from Rs.909.1 billion to Rs.643.8 billion. Moreover, expenditure on GFCF incurred by district governments has increased by 48.4 percent from Rs.90.9 billion to Rs.135.0 billion. As mentioned above, consumption continued to drive economic growth and its contribution of 99.6 percent to the GDP growth while investment has contributed 4.1 percent. Thus consumption and investment together contributed 103.7 percent to the GDP growth, which was neutralized by negative contribution by net exports to the extent of 3.7 percent. The contribution of net exports has traditionally been negative for the most part of our history. (Figure-2) Fig-2: Component-wise Point Contribution to GDP (MP) growth Perecentage (%) 22 17 12 7 2 -3 -8 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 Total Consumption [C] Total Investment [I] Net Exports [X-M] GDP (mp) Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics During FY2019, Net Exports of goods and services posted a growth of 3.9 percent compared to FY 2018 mainly on the basis of 22.64 percent growth in exports of goods and services and 12.2 percent growth in imports of goods and services as recorded in expenditure on gross national product at current prices measured in rupees. However, as per balance of payment, during July-April FY2019, there was 18.6 percent decline import of services in dollar term as it declined to $ 7.7 billion compared to $ 9.4 billion during July-April FY 2018 while imports of goods declined to 4.9 percent during the period under discussion. 8
41. Growth and Investment Composition of Aggregate demand is shown in following Table : Table 3: Composition of Aggregate Demand 2013-14 As percent of GDP (mp) Private Consumption 81.0 Public Consumption 10.8 Total Consumption [C] 91.8 Gross Fixed Investment 13.0 Private Investment 9.9 Public Investment 3.2 Changes in Stock 1.6 Total Investment [I] 14.6 Exports (Goods & Services) [X] 12.2 Imports (Goods & Services) [M] 18.7 Net Exports [X-M] -6.4 Aggregate Demand [C + I + X] 118.7 Domestic Demand [C + I] 106.4 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 F 2017-18 R 2018-19 P 79.8 11.0 90.7 14.1 10.4 3.7 1.6 15.7 10.6 17.1 -6.4 117.1 106.4 80.0 11.3 91.3 14.1 10.3 3.8 1.6 15.7 9.1 16.2 -7.0 116.2 107.0 81.9 11.3 93.2 14.6 10.1 4.5 1.6 16.2 8.3 17.6 -9.3 117.6 109.3 82.5 11.7 94.2 15.1 10.3 4.8 1.6 16.7 8.8 19.7 -11.0 119.7 111.0 82.1 12.6 94.8 13.9 9.8 4.0 1.6 15.5 9.7 19.9 -10.2 119.9 110.2 The composition of aggregate demand discussed above is actually measuring GDP through expenditure approach and many international agencies use this approach, however, according to Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS), this approach is rudimental. The prime reason being that PBS follow the production approach for measuring GDP in accordance with System of National Accounts guidelines. Thus for measuring GDP through expenditure approach, public collective consumption, capital formation and exports minus imports) are calculated independently. However, the biggest summand (private consumption) is calculated as residual. This could be another reason of low national savings as it will be outcome of identity (S = Y - C). Thus, for the purpose of GDP estimation by activities (current & constant prices), the production approach is applied by PBS. Though, for some activities, especially for nonmarket activities, output is measured as the sum of primary incomes (GVA) and intermediate consumption. Therefore, it is also important to make sectoral growth analysis while discussing GDP from production side. Sectoral Growth Analysis – Production Side The provisional GDP growth rate for FY2019 is estimated at 3.3 percent on the basis of 0.9, 1.4 and 4.7 percent growth in agricultural, industrial and services sectors respectively. For FY2019, Commodity Producing Sectors has been again overshadowed by growth in the Services sector which contributed 2.9 percentage points or 86.4 G percent while Commodity Producing Sectors contributed to only 0.4 percentage points to overall growth. Agricultural Sector: The agriculture sector grew by 0.85 percent. The crops sector has witnessed negative growth of 4.4 percent during FY2019 mainly due to negative growth (-6.6 percent) in important crops due to decline in production of cotton, rice and sugarcane. Production of cotton, rice and sugarcane declined by 17.5, 3.3, and 19.4 percent, respectively. Among the important crops, wheat output posted a marginal positive growth of 0.5 percent while production of maize was higher by 6.9 percent. Other crops have shown growth of 1.95 percent mainly because of increase in production of pulses and oil seeds. Decrease in production of cotton crop also caused decline in Cotton ginning by 12.7 percent. Livestock sector has shown a growth of 4.0 percent while the growth of forestry remained at 6.47 percent due to increase in production of timber in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 26.7 to 36.1 thousand cubic meters. Industrial Sector: During FY2019, the provisional growth in industrial sector has been estimated at 1.40 percent mainly because of decline in growth to 2.06 in large scale manufacturing sector percent 9
42. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 while mining and quarrying sector has witnessed a negative growth of 1 .96 percent. The mining and quarrying sector growth declined due to negative growth in natural gas (-1.98 percent) and coal (25.4 percent). However, the decline in large scale manufacturing sector growth is based on QIM data (from July 2017 to February 2018) which shows that major decline has been observed in Textile (0.27 percent), Food, Beverage & Tobacco (-1.55 percent), Coke & Petroleum Products (-5.50 percent), Pharmaceuticals (-8.67 percent), Chemicals (-3.92 percent), Non-Metallic Mineral Products (-3.87 percent), Automobiles (-6.11 percent) and Iron & Steel products (-10.26 percent). The major positive growth in LSM has been observed in Electronics (34.63 percent), Engineering Products (8.63 percent) and Wood Products (17.84 percent). Electricity and gas sub sector grew by 40.54 percent. The main reason of this abrupt growth is due to 48.4 percent growth in expenditures at current prices on Gross Fixed Capital Formation in Electricity Generation & Distribution and Gas Distribution sector last year. During FY2018 these remained Rs.243 billion against Rs.164 billion during FY2017. Further in Private sector, 335 percent growth was observed in expenditures at current prices on Gross Fixed Capital Formation for Electricity Generation & Distribution and Gas Distribution sector for FY2018 while that for public sector remained 14.6 percent. The construction activity has decreased by 7.57 percent due to conservative construction-related expenditure reported in rest of the economic activities. Services Sector: Provisional estimates has shown that the services sector posted a growth 4.71 percent during FY2019. Wholesale and Retail Trade sector grew at a rate of 3.11 percent. As value added in this sector depends upon output of agriculture and manufacturing sectors and volume of imports, it is safe to say that bulk of growth in wholesale and retail sector could be attributed to increase in volume of imports and the growth in livestock. Transport, Storage and Communication sector has registered a growth of 3.34 percent due to positive contribution of Railways (38.93 percent), Air transport (3.38 percent) and Road Transport (3.85 percent). Finance and insurance sector showed an overall increase of 5.14 percent, despite a decline (of 12.5 percent) in value add of the central bank, as scheduled banks, non-scheduled banks and insurance sub-sector posted positive growth (5.3 percent, 24.6 percent and 12.8 percent, respectively). The Housing Services grew by 4.0 percent and the General Government Services by 7.99 percent. It is mainly driven by the increase in salaries of federal, provincial and district governments. Other private services, which is composed of various distinct activities such as computer related activities, event management, education, health & social work, NGOs etc. has contributed positively 7.05 percent. Way Forward The present government has made significant measures to curb aggregate demand that has compounded the size of external current account deficit to an unprecedented level. During FY2019, the economy felt partial adjustments due to inertia as evident from still high consumption to GDP ratio and fiscal deficit. Irrespective of direction of cause, historically, there is significant relationship between trade deficit and budget deficit. Policy maker thus make the stand that by limiting fiscal deficit, trade deficit can be controlled. Thus optimum fiscal strategy will make tariff adjustments accordingly to stop the growth of quasi-fiscal deficits along with generating the revenue resources. The economy, therefore, still need strict stabilization policies along with extensive structural reforms even without IMF program. However, after entering IMF’s Extended Fund Facility (EFF) (US$6 billion), not only an ease in requisite external financing will be provided, but also market confidence will be strengthened and additional financial support from other development and bilateral partners which will further support the stability and moving toward high and inclusive growth. 10
43. CHAPTER 2 Agriculture Agriculture contributes 18 .5 percent to country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and provides 38.5 percent employment to national labour force but it remains backward sector of the economy while high performing agriculture is a key to economic growth and poverty alleviation. Over the last decade, the performance of agriculture sector has fallen short of desirable level, mainly because of stagnant productivity of all important crops. Cropped area of the five traditional crops has also largely remained unchanged. Climate change also poses a serious challenge to Pakistan’s agriculture and threatens country’s water availability and food security. The government is trying its best to help the farmers by providing agriculture inputs at affordable prices and ensuring better prices of their produce. To guarantee food security, it is necessary to enhance domestic agricultural production through increased productivity (increasing per acre yield). Although Pakistan has rich production potential in agriculture, livestock and fisheries, yet for sustainable economic growth and prosperity, the development of these sectors on long-term basis is of fundamental importance for country’s growth and prosperity. This calls for efficient utilization of production resources by adopting modern technologies and establishment of realistic marketing system. The Prime Minister’s taskforce on agriculture has taken a holistic view of the issues faced by the agriculture sector and has made some sound recommendations for improving productivity of agriculture sector. Prime Minister’s Agriculture Emergency Program The present government’s resolution is to enhance agriculture productivity. In this connection Prime Minister’s Agriculture Emergency Program has been initiated which primarily focused on: i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x. Productivity Enhancement of Wheat, Rice & Sugarcane Oilseeds Enhancement Program Conserving Water Through Lining of Watercourses Enhancing Command Area of Small and Mini Dams in Barani Areas Water Conservation in Barani areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Shrimp Farming Cage Fish Culture Trout Farming in Northern Areas of Pakistan Save & Fattening of Calf Program Backyard Poultry Program Under this Program a number of projects have been initiated: a) Three specific projects on “Productivity Enhancement of Wheat, Rice & Sugarcane” developed under Prime Minister’s Agriculture Emergency Program. Cost of Wheat project is Rs.19,301 million, Rice project is Rs.11,433 million and Sugarcane project is Rs.3,912 million over a period of 05 years. The key interventions identified for enhancing productivity and increasing profitability of each crop is as under:
44. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19      Promote mechanizations (crops specific machinery) through 50% subsidy Development of high yielding Hybrid varieties and improve provision of certified/tested seed Set up new and upgrade existing modern research institute by engaging international experts Re-organized extension services at all level, agronomy, plant protection and marketing Upgrade crop processing methods and facilitate b) Project “National Oilseeds Enhancement Program” developed under Prime Minister’s Agriculture Emergency Program. Project cost is Rs.10,176 million over a period of 05 years. The key interventions identified for enhancing productivity and increasing profitability are:  Registration of oilseed growers for grant of subsidy  Subsidy of Rs. 5,000 per acre, maximum up to 20 acres  Fifty percent subsidy on purchase of oilseed Machinery  Ensure hybrid seed availability through national and multi-national seed companies  Establishment of Procurement Centre in collaboration with All Pakistan Solvent Extractors Association (APSEA) under the monitoring of government representatives  Arrangement of demonstration plots in oilseed growing areas c) Project “Conserving water through lining of Watercourses” developed under Prime Minister’s Agriculture Emergency Program for lining up to 50% of total length of 73,078 watercourses (reconstruction & new) inclusive of 13,875 Water Storage Tanks. This also includes Laser Land Levelers, on 50% cost sharing basis government’s share to be capped at Rs.250,000 per beneficiary. The total project cost is Rs.179,705 million over a period of 05 years. The key interventions identified are:  Social mobilization through capacity building of Water User’s Associations/ Fos  Minimization of conveyance and field application losses  Reduction in water logging and salinity  Equity in water distribution  Reduction in water disputes/thefts/litigation  Motivation/participation of farmers  Poverty reduction through employment generation  Increase in crops yield/sufficiency in food d) Project “Enhancing Command Area of Small & Mini Dams in Barani Areas” developed under Prime Minister’s Agriculture Emergency Program. Project cost is Rs.27,700 million over a period of 05 years. The key interventions identified are:  Development of command area of small and mini dams  Improved land and water productivity  Poverty reduction through employment generation  Increase area under crops and sufficiency in food  Improved economic condition of barani area farmers 12
45. Agriculture e ) Project “Water Conservation in Barani Areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa” developed under Prime Minister’s Agriculture Emergency Program. Project cost is Rs.13,020 million over a period of 05 years. The key interventions identified are:  Construction of Water Ponds  Construction of Check Dams  Inlet Outlet Spillway  Water Retaining Facility/Reservoir  Terracing  Pipe lining/open channel flow watercourses  High efficiency-Drip & Sprinkler irrigation System  Solarisation of water reservoirs/pond and High efficiency irrigation systems f) Project “Shrimp Farming” developed under Prime Minister’s Agriculture Emergency Program. Project cost is Rs.4,842.78 million over a period of 05 years. The key objectives identified are:  Promotion of shrimp aquaculture in the country  Development of shrimp value chain, support services and legal framework  Livelihood and job creation for rural people  Export earnings from aquaculture g) Project “Cage Fish Culture” developed under Prime Minister’s Agriculture Emergency Program. Project cost is Rs.6,856.87 million over a period of 05 years. The key objectives identified are:  Optimal Utilization of natural water resources  Upscaling cage culture technology across Pakistan  Livelihood and job creation for rural people  Increase per capita fish consumption  Export earnings from cage aquaculture h) Project “Trout Farming in Northern Areas of Pakistan” developed under Prime Minister’s Agriculture Emergency Program. Project cost is Rs. 2,291.97 million over a period of 05 years. The key objectives identified are:  Promotion of trout farming in cages and ponds through effective utilization of land and water resources  Value chain development for trout fish  Promote entrepreneurship through commercial fish production by local communities  Contribute towards poverty reduction for rural communities  Fish stock replenishment of natural water bodies to promote tourism in the area i) Project “Save & Fattening of Calf” developed under Prime Minister’s Agriculture Emergency Program. Project cost is Rs. 5,344 million for both save and fattening of calf over a period of 04 years. The key objectives identified are:  Increase livestock productivity 13
46. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19  Improve quality and ensure disease free livestock for export of halal meat  Fetch meat export markets for export enhancement  Enhanced export of livestock products & by-products  Farmers able to sell fattened calves at a profit  Rear the breeds that international meat market wants j) Project “Backyard Poultry Program” developed under Prime Minister’s Agriculture Emergency Program. Project cost is Rs.329.13 million over a period of 04 years. The key objectives identified are:  Opportunity for the landless farmer, mostly women  Small flock sizes in traditional sheds  Feed on household/organic waste  Free range requiring minimal input  Source of eggs and meat for the poor; nutritional support  Poverty alleviation through supplemental income from poultry products These initiatives would supplement the efforts of the Government of Pakistan to improve productivity of crops including wheat, rice, sugarcane, oilseeds, will harness untapped potential of fisheries, conserve water and will increase meat export of Pakistan. The projects would be funded from PSDP at the federal level with a major share of the provinces who will fund these projects from their respective Annual Development Program (ADP). Agriculture Performance during 2018-19 The performance of Agriculture during 2018-19 remained subdued. On the aggregate, the sector grew by 0.85 percent, much lower than the target of 3.8 percent set at the beginning of the year. This under-performance of agriculture sector was mainly due to insufficient availability of water which led to a drop in cultivated area and a drop in fertilizer offtake. The crops sector experienced a negative growth (-4.43 percent against the target of 3.6 percent) on the back of decline in growth of important crops by (-6.55) percent. Sugarcane production declined by (-19.4) percent to 67.174 million tons, Cotton (-17.5 percent) to 9.861 million bales and Rice (-3.3 percent) to 7.202 million tonnes while production of Maize crop increased by 6.9 percent to 6.309 million tonnes and Wheat growth was marginally higher (by 0.5 percent) to reach 25.195 million tonnes. Other crops having a share of 11.21 percent in agriculture value addition and 2.08 percent in GDP, showed growth of 1.95 percent mainly due to increase in production of pulses and oilseeds. Cotton ginning declined by -12.74 percent due to decrease in production of cotton crop. Livestock having share of 60.54 percent in agriculture and 11.22 percent in GDP, maintained the growth at 4.0 percent against the target of 3.8 percent. The Fishing sector having share of 2.10 percent in agriculture value addition (and 0.39 percent in GDP), grew by 0.79 percent, while Forestry sector having share of 2.10 percent in agriculture (and 0.39 percent in GDP) grew by 6.47 percent due to increase in timber production in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (by 26.7 percent to 36.1 thousand cubic meters). (Table 2.1). Pakistan has two cropping seasons, "Kharif" being the first sowing season starting from April-June and is harvested during October-December. Rice, sugarcane, cotton, maize, moong, mash, bajra and jowar are “Kharif" crops. "Rabi", the second sowing season, begins in October-December and is 14
47. Agriculture harvested in April-May . Wheat, gram, lentil (masoor), tobacco, rapseed, barley and mustard are "Rabi" crops. Pakistan’s agricultural productivity is dependent upon the timely availability of water. Table 2.1: Agriculture Growth Percentages (Base=2005-06) Sector 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 Agriculture 2.68 2.50 2.13 0.15 Crops 1.53 2.64 0.16 -5.27 i) Important Crops 0.17 7.22 -1.62 -5.86 ii) Other Crops 5.58 -5.71 2.51 0.40 iii) Cotton Ginning -2.90 -1.33 7.24 -22.12 Livestock 3.45 2.48 3.99 3.36 Forestry 6.58 1.88 -12.45 14.31 Fishing 0.65 0.98 5.75 3.25 P: Provisional Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 2016-17 2.18 1.22 2.60 -2.51 5.58 2.99 -2.33 1.23 2017-18 2018-19 (P) 3.94 0.85 4.66 -4.43 3.56 -6.55 6.15 1.95 8.80 -12.74 3.62 4.00 2.58 6.47 1.63 0.79 During 2018-19, the total availability of water for the Kharif crops 2018 was recorded at 59.6 Million Acre Feet (MAF) and remained short by 11.2 percent against the average system usage of 67.1 MAF and 14.9 percent over Kharif 2017. During Rabi season 2018-19, the total water availability was recorded at 24.8 MAF, showing an increase of 2.5 percent over Rabi 2017-18 and 31.9 percent less than the normal availability of 36.4 MAF. (Table 2.2). Table 2.2: Actual Surface Water Availability Period Kharif Rabi Average system usage 67.1 2009-10 67.3 2010-11 53.4 2011-12 60.4 2012-13 57.7 2013-14 65.5 2014-15 69.3 2015-16 65.5 2016-17 71.4 2017-18 70.0 2018-19 59.6 Source: Indus River System Authority Total 36.4 25.0 34.6 29.4 31.9 32.5 33.1 32.9 29.7 24.2 24.8 103.5 92.3 88.0 89.8 89.6 98.0 102.4 98.4 101.1 94.2 84.4 (Million Acre Feet) % age increase/decrease. over the Avg. -10.8 -15.0 -13.2 -13.4 -5.3 -1.1 -4.9 -2.3 -9.0 -18.5 The Federal Committee on Agriculture (FCA) in its meeting held in April, 2019 observed that water availability for Kharif and Rabi Crops for 2019-20 will remain adequate which auger well for higher productivity of Rabi crops, and corresponding for better agricultural growth in the next fiscal year. I. Crop Situation The important crops (wheat, rice, sugarcane maize and cotton) account 21.90 percent in the value addition of agriculture sector and 4.06 percent in GDP. The other crops account 11.21 percent in the value addition of agriculture sector and 2.08 percent in GDP. The production of important crops is given in Table 2.3. 15
48. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Table 2 .3: Production of Important Crops Year Cotton (000 bales) Sugarcane Rice 2012-13 13,031 63,750 5,536 2013-14 12,769 67,460 6,798 (-2.0) (5.8) (22.8) 2014-15 13,960 62,826 7,003 (9.3) (-6.9) (3.0) 2015-16 9,917 65,482 6,801 (-29.0) (4.2) (-2.9) 2016-17 10,671 75,482 6,849 (7.6) (15.3) (0.7) 2017-18 11,946 83,333 7,450 (11.9) (10.4) (8.8) 2018-19 (P) 9,861 67,174 7,202 (-17.5) (-19.4) (-3.3) P: Provisional (July-March), Figures in parentheses are growth/decline rates Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics Maize 4,220 4,944 (17.2) 4,937 (-0.1) 5,271 (6.8) 6,134 (16.4) 5,902 (-3.8) 6,309 (6.9) (000 Tonnes) Wheat 24,211 25,979 (7.3) 25,086 (-3.4) 25,633 (2.2) 26,674 (4.1) 25,076 (-6.0) 25,195 (0.5) a) Important Crops i) Cotton Cotton is considered as life line of economy of Fig-2.1: Cotton Production (000 bales) Pakistan. It has a 0.8 percent share in GDP and 13960 contributes 4.5 percent in agriculture value 14000 addition. Cotton crop faces significant challenges vis-à-vis competing crops especially sugarcane. 13000 Most important being unfavourable international 11946 prices. During 2018-19, cotton production 12000 remained moderate at 9.861 million bales, a decrease of 17.5 percent over the last year’s 10671 11000 production of 11.946 million bales, and 31.5 9917 9861 percent against the target of 14.4 million bales. 10000 This below expectation performance of the cotton crop was largely due to contraction in the 9000 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 cultivated area on account of less economic (P) incentive to the farmers by 12.1 percent to 2,373 Source: PBS thousand hectares compared to last year’s area of 2,700 thousand hectares (see Table 2.4 and Figure 2.1). The production was also affected by unfavourable weather conditions, particularly the prolonged hot and dry weather that prevailed in the country. In addition, stunting of crop, attack of whitefly, pink bollworm and other pests/insects also hampered crop output. Table 2.4: Area, Production and Yield of Cotton Year Area (000 Hectare) % Change 2014-15 2,961 2015-16 2,902 -2.0 2016-17 2,489 -14.2 2017-18 2,700 8.5 2018-19(P) 2,373 -12.1 P: Provisional (July-March) Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics Production (000 Bales) % Change 13,960 9,917 -29.0 10,671 7.6 11,946 11.9 9,861 -17.5 16 Yield (Kgs/Hec) % Change 802 582 -27.4 730 25.3 753 3.1 707 -6.1
49. Agriculture ii ) Sugarcane Sugarcane is high value cash crop. Its production Fig 2.2: Sugarcane Production (000 Tonnes) accounts for 2.9 percent in agriculture’s value 83333 addition and 0.5 percent of overall GDP. During 84000 2018-19, sugarcane crop production was lower 80000 by 19.4 percent (to 67.174 million tonnes) 75482 76000 compared to 83.333 million tonnes achieved last year. Like cotton, this decline in sugarcane 72000 output is due to shrinking of cultivated area (by 68000 65482 17.9 percent from 1,343 thousand of last year to 62826 64000 1,102 thousand hectares) on account of water shortages. Moreover, low economic returns too 60000 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 discouraged the growers to bring more area under the sugarcane crop. Disposal problem of cane and Source: PBS payment difficulties also restricted the acreage of sugarcane. The area, production and yield of sugarcane during last five years are given in Table 2.5 and Figure 2.2. Table 2.5: Area, Production and Yield of Sugarcane Year Area Production (000 Hectare) % Change (000 Tonnes) % Change 2014-15 1,141 62,826 2015-16 1,131 -0.9 65,482 4.2 2016-17 1,218 7.7 75,482 15.3 2017-18 1,343 10.3 83,333 10.4 2018-19 (P) 1,102 -17.9 67,174 -19.4 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics P: Provisional (July-March) iii) Rice Rice is an important food as well as cash crop in Pakistan. It accounts for 3.0 percent of the value added in agriculture and 0.6 percent of GDP. After wheat, it is the second main staple food crop. During 2018-19, rice crop area decreased by 3.1 percent (to 2,810 thousand hectares compared to 2,901 thousand hectares of last year). The production stood at 7,202 thousand tonnes against the target of 7.0 million tonnes and remained short of 3.3 percent to 7,450 thousand tonnes against last year. The production declined due to decrease in area cultivated, dry weather and shortage of water. The area, production and yield of rice last five years are shown in Table 2.6 and Figure 2.3. 2018-19 (P) Yield (Kgs/Hec.) % Change 55,062 57,897 5.1 61,972 7.0 62,050 0.1 60,956 -1.8 Fig 2.3: Rice Production (000 Tonnes) 7450 7500 7202 7003 6801 7000 6849 6500 6000 5500 5000 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 (P) Source: PBS Table 2.6: Area, Production and Yield of Rice Year Area Production (000 Hectare) % Change (000 Tonnes) % Change 2014-15 2,891 7,003 2015-16 2,739 -5.3 6,801 -2.9 2016-17 2,724 -0.5 6,849 0.7 2017-18 2,901 6.5 7,450 8.8 2018-19(P) 2,810 -3.1 7,202 -3.3 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, P: Provisional (July-March) 17 67174 Yield (Kgs/Hec.) % Change 2,422 2,483 2.5 2,514 1.2 2,568 2.1 2,562 -0.2
50. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 iv ) Wheat Fig 2.4: Wheat Production (000 Tonnes) Wheat accounts 8.9 percent value added in agriculture and 1.6 percent of GDP. Wheat crop showed marginal increase of 0.5 percent to 25.195 million tonnes over last year’s production of 25.076 million tonnes but fell short of the target by 4.9 percent. The area under cultivation declined by 0.6 percent (to 8,740 over last year’s 8,797 thousand hectares). This nominal decrease in area over previous year was due to shifting of area to oilseed & other competitive crops. However, production increased due to better crop yield and healthy grain formation. The position over the last five years is given in Table 2.7 and Figure 2.4. Table 2.7: Area, Production and Yield of Wheat Year Area (000 Hectares) % Change 2014-15 9,204 2015-16 9,224 0.2 2016-17 8,972 -2.7 2017-18 8,797 -1.9 2018-19(P) 8,740 -0.6 P: Provisional (July-March) Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 27000 26674 26000 25633 25086 25076 25195 25000 24000 23000 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 (P) Source: PBS Production (000 Tonnes) % Change 25,086 25,633 2.2 26,674 4.1 25,076 -6.0 25,195 0.5 Yield (Kgs /Hec.) % Change 2,726 2,779 1.9 2,973 7.0 2,851 -4.1 2,883 1.1 v) Maize In Pakistan, after wheat and rice, Maize is the third important cereal crop. It contributes 2.6 percent to value addition in agriculture and 0.5 percent to GDP. During 2018-19, maize cultivated on 1,318 thousand hectares and witnessed an increase of 5.4 percent over last year’s 1,251 thousand hectares. Its production increased by 5.1 percent to 6.309 million tonnes compared to target 6.0 million tonnes and 6.9 percent to the last year’s production 5.902 million tonnes. The production increased as farmers shifted from cotton and sugarcane, availability of improved variety of seed as well better economic returns. The position is presented in Table 2.8 and Figure 2.5. Fig 2.5: Maize Production (000 Tonnes) 6500 5500 6134 6309 5902 5271 4937 4500 3500 2500 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 (P) Source: PBS Table 2.8: Area, Production and Yield of Maize Year Area Production (000 Hectares) % Change (000 Tonnes) % Change 2014-15 1,142 4,937 2015-16 1,191 4.3 5,271 6.8 2016-17 1,348 13.2 6,134 16.4 2017-18 1,251 -7.2 5,902 -3.8 2018-19 (P) 1,318 5.4 6,309 6.9 P: Provisional (July-March) Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 18 Yield (Kgs /Hec.) % Change 4,323 4,426 2.4 4,550 2.8 4,718 3.7 4,787 1.5
51. Agriculture b ) Other Crops During 2018-19, gram production recorded an increase of 35.6 percent on account of higher yield due to favourable weather condition prevalent at the time of sowing. The production of Bajra increased by 3.2 percent. The production of Barley, Rapeseed & Mustard and Tobacco remained constant. While the production of Jowar witnessed a decline of 2.6 percent. The area and production of other crops are given in Table 2.9. Table 2.9: Area and Production of other Kharif and Rabi Crops Crops 2017-18 2018-19 (P) Area Production Area Production (000 Hectares) (000 Tonnes) (000 Hectares) (000 Tonnes) Bajra 489 339 456 350 Jowar 255 153 242 149 Gram 977 323 944 438 Barley 58 55 55 55 Rapeseed & Mustard 199 225 263 225 Tobacco 46 107 46 107 P: Provisional (July-March) Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics % Change in production over Last year 3.2 -2.6 35.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 During 2018-19, the production of Onion and Chillies witnessed increase of 2.0 percent to 2.12 million tonnes and 0.4 percent to 148.7 thousand tonnes, respectively, compared to production of last year. However, the production of pulse Mash (Lentil), Moong and Potato decreased by 5.5 percent, 3.4 percent and 0.3 percent, respectively compared to last year’s production. While the production of Masoor remained same as last year’s production. The area and production of other crops are given in Table 2.10. Table 2.10: Area and Production of Other Crops Crops 2017-18 Area Production (000 Hectares) (000 Tonnes) Masoor 13.6 6.4 Moong 162.4 122.0 Mash 15.5 7.3 Potato 194.0 4,591.8 Onion 150.2 2,080.8 Chillies 65.3 148.1 P: Provisional (July-March) Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 2018-19(P) Area Production (000 Hectares) (000 Tonnes) 12.4 6.4 163.2 117.8 14.1 6.9 196.2 4,578.9 151.0 2,122.5 65.3 148.7 % Change in production over Last year 0.0 -3.4 -5.5 -0.3 2.0 0.4 i) Oilseeds During 2018-19 (July-March), 2.421 million tons edible oil valued Rs. 192.203 billion (US$ 1.455 billion was imported. Local production of edible oil during 2018-19 (July-Match) recorded at 0.500 million tons. The area and production of oilseed crops during 2017-18 and 2018-19 is given in Table 2.11. Table 2.11: Area and Production of Major Oilseed Crops Crops 2017-18 (Jul-Mar) Area Production Area (000 Acres) (000 Acres) Seed (000 Tonnes) Oil (000 Tonnes) 2018-19 (Jul-Mar) (P) Production Cottonseed 6,672 3,057 367 5,252 Rapeseed-Mustard 492 226 72 643 Sunflower 259 147 56 264 Canola 60 35 13 68 Total 7,483 3,465 508 6,227 P: Provisional/Targets Source: Pakistan Oilseed Development Board (PODB), Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 19 Seed (000 Tonnes) 2,748 318 142 38 3,246 Oil (000 Tonnes) 330 102 54 14 500
52. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 II . Farm Inputs i) Fertilizers Fertilizer is the most important (and an expensive) input contributing 30 to 50 percent to crop yield. Its share in cost of production of major crops is around 10 to 15 percent. The domestic production of fertilizers during 2018-19 (July-March) increased by 2.6 percent over the same period of previous year. This increase is due to functioning of two urea manufacturing plants (Agritech & Fatima Fertilizer) as supply of LNG was available on subsidized rates. The supply of imported fertilizer increased by 4.8 percent. Therefore, total availability of fertilizer increased by 3.2 percent during current fiscal year. Total offtake of fertilizer nutrients decreased by 7.3 percent. Nitrogen offtake also decreased by 2.89 percent and phosphate by 18.2 percent. Potash offtake recorded an increase of 4.55 percent during 2018-19 (July-March). Reduction in fertilizers offtake was mainly due to its high prices, despite receiving subsidy from the government. Following are different type of subsidies provided during current FY 2018-19.  Implementation of uniform tax rate of 2% for all type of fertilizers  The government ensured adequate supplies of urea in Rabi Season by providing a subsidy of Rs. 1,292 per bag for 105 thousand tonnes of imported urea  Local manufacturers have also subsidized Rs.714 per bag of urea as government provided cheaper feed gas  The government has recently operationalized two fertilizer plants, located at SNGPL network, by providing Rs. 916 per bag of urea subsidy for using LNG Total availability of urea during Kharif 2018 was 3.014 million tonnes comprising of 316 thousand tonnes of opening inventory and 2.698 million tonnes of domestic production (Table 2.12). Urea offtake was about 2,887 thousand tonnes, leaving inventory of 115 thousand tonnes for Rabi 201819. Availability of DAP was 1.627 million tonnes comprising of 190 thousand tonnes of opening inventory, 1.063 million tonnes of imported supplies and 374 thousand tonnes of local production. DAP offtake was 901 thousand tonnes leaving an inventory of 729 thousand tonnes for Rabi 2018-19. Rabi 2018-19 started with an opening balance of 115 thousand tonnes of urea (Table 2.12). Domestic production during Rabi 2018-19 was 2.923 million tonnes. Urea offtake during Rabi 2018-19 was 3.033 million tonnes, against 3.143 million tonnes of total availability, leaving a closing balance of 135 thousand tonnes for next season. DAP availability was 1.762 million tonnes, which included 729 thousand tonnes of opening inventory, 679 thousand tonnes of imported supplies and domestic production of 354 thousand tonnes. Offtake of DAP during Rabi season was 1.164 million tonnes, leaving a balance of 599 thousand tonnes for next season. Table 2.12: Fertilizer Supply Demand Situation (000 Tonnes) Description Kharif (Apr-Sep) 2018 Rabi (Oct-Mar) 2018-19 Kharif (Apr-Sep) 2019 Urea DAP Urea DAP Urea DAP Opening stock 316 190 115 729 135 599 Imported supplies 0 1,063 105 679 100 18 Domestic Production 2,698 374 2,923 354 3,217* 360 Total Availability 3,014 1,627 3,143 1,762 3,452 977 Offtake/Demand 2,887 901 3,033 1,164 2,942 865 Write on/off -12 3 25 1 0 0 Closing stock 115 729 135 599 510 112 *: This level of production will be achieved if Fatima Fertilizer and Agritech continue production. Source: National Fertilizer Development Center 20
53. Agriculture Total availability of urea during Kharif 2019 was estimated at 3 .452 million tonnes comprising of 135 thousand tonnes of opening balance and 3.217 million tonnes of domestic production and 100 thousand tonnes of imported supplies (Table 2.12). Urea offtake is expected to be around 2.942 million tonnes, reflecting a closing balance of 510 thousand tonnes. Total availability of DAP will be 977 thousand tonnes against expected offtake of 865 thousand tonnes leaving a balance of 112 thousand tonnes for next season. ii) Improved Seed Seed is the basic input for agriculture sector and has an imperative role in enhancing agriculture productivity. Federal Seed Certification & Registration Department (FSC&RD) is an attached department of Ministry of National Food Security & Research which provides seed certification services as and when requested by public and private seed agencies and has annual plan for field crop inspection and seed testing. In order to ensure improved seed certification services, FSC&RD administration is working on various aspects for strengthening of field offices, international collaboration; new initiatives for further development (Gilgit Baltistan Project, Establishment of Plant Breeder’s Rights Registry). Currently, FSC&RD is liaising with Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) the leading agency for the inception of National Single Window Program. The prime goal of FSC&RD is to protect the farmer’s interest. The area, seed requirements and seed availability during July-March, 2018-19, are given in Table 2.13. Table 2.13: Area, Seed Requirements and Seed Availability* Crop Sowing Area Total Seed Seed Availability (Metric Tonnes) (000 Ha) Requirement Public Private Imported Total (MT) (Loc+Imp) Wheat** 8,945 1,073,352 42,934 386,407 429,341 Cotton 3,200 63,232 1,197 55,783 56,980 Paddy 2,805 41,385 4,312 52,601 2,756 59,669 Maize 1,170 28,892 237 1,222 12,776 14,235 Pulses 1,185 42,674 10 1,391 1,401 Oilseeds 830 10,790 72 72 Vegetables 280 8,400 2,123 2,123 Fodders 2,038 61,140 11,659 11,659 Potato 166 415,000 2,397 2,397 Total 20,619 1,744,865 48,690 497,404 31,783 577,877 *: Provisional **: The actual wheat seed testing figures are not finalized yet. The expected wheat seed availability is therefore, based on previous years availability trend %age. Actual wheat seed availability figures will be finalized in November, 2019. The actual availability is also subject to change due to heavy rains in the month of April, 2019. Source: Federal Seed Certification & Registration Department iii) Mechanization Accelerated farm mechanization is an important element to accelerate growth in agriculture sector. Main constraint in increasing agricultural productivity also include non-availability of quality tractors and agricultural machinery at right time and at affordable prices to the farmers’ community. The domestic tractor industry has played a significant role in fulfilling the requirements of tractors to farmers. The number of operational tractors in the country is around 634,000 resulting in per acre horsepower (HP) availability of 0.09 against the required power of 1.4 HP per acre. During 2018-19 (July-March) total tractors production was 37,399 compared to the 52,551 produced last year. The major reasons of decline in the production of tractors are low sales because of filer condition for purchaser and also changing market dynamics/demand. The production and price of locally manufactured tractors is given in Table 2.14. 21
54. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Table 2 .14: Prices and Production of Locally Manufactured Tractors 2018-19(July-March) Tractors Model – Horse Power (HP) Price/Unit Excluding GST (Rs) Price/Unit Including GST (Rs) 790,000 807,000 885,000 894,000 1,111,000 1,117,000 1,126,000 1,140,000 1,590,000 1,140,000 2,566,667 829,500 847,350 929,250 938,700 1,166,550 1,172,850 1,182,300 1,197,000 1,669,500 1,197,000 2,695,000 3,247 2,472 5,112 112 1,823 66 138 36 15 196 39 13,256 3,762 2,387 5,475 109 1,702 58 129 32 15 196 6 13,871 770,000 788,500 872,000 885,500 1,119,000 1,200,000 1,666,600 808,500 827,925 915,600 929,775 1,174,950 1,260,000 1,749,930 6,210 30 6,199 270 1,686 9,348 196 23,939 6,144 36 6,080 264 1,620 9,204 203 23,551 - - 204 204 37,399 37,422 M/s Al-Ghazi Tractors NH 480-S (55 HP) NH 480-S W.P (55 HP) NH-Ghazi (65 HP) NH-Ghazi WDB (65 HP) NH-640 (75 HP) NH-640 WDB (75 HP) NH-640-S (85 HP) NH-640-S WDB (85 HP) NH-70-56 (85 HP) Dabung- (85-HP) NHTD-95(98-HP) (Imported) Total M/s Millat Tractors MF-240 (50 HP) MF-350 Plus (50 HP) MF-260 (60 HP) MF-360 (60 HP) MF-375 (75 HP) MF-385 (85 HP) 2WD MF-385(85 HP) 4WD Total M/s Orient Tractors Orient Total Grand Total Production (in Nos.) Actual Sale (in Nos.) Note: GST @ 5 percent Source: Tractor Manufacturer Association, Federal Water Management Cell iv) Irrigation During monsoon season (July-September) 2018, the normal average rainfall was 140.9 mm, while the actual rainfall recorded 96.1 mm showing decline of 31.8 percent. During the post-monsoon season (October-December) 2018, the normal average rainfall was 26.4 mm, while the actual rainfall recorded was 15.6 mm showing decline of 40.9 percent. During winter season (January-March) 2019, the normal average rainfall was 74.3 mm, while the actual rainfall recorded was 107.2 mm showing increase of 44.3 percent. Rainfall recorded during the monsoon, post monsoon and winter is given in Table 2.15. Table 2.15: Rainfall* Recorded During 2018-19 Monsoon Rainfall (Jul-Sep) 2018 Normal** Actual Shortage (-)/excess (+) % Shortage (-)/excess (+) (in Millimetres) Post Monsoon Rainfall (Oct-Dec) 2018 140.9 96.1 - 44.8 -31.8 26.4 15.6 -10.8 - 40.9 Winter Rainfall (Jan-Mar) 2019 74.3 107.2 +32.9 +44.3 *:Area Weighted, **:Long Period Average (1961-2010) Source: Pakistan Meteorological Department During Kharif (April-September) 2018, canal head withdrawals declined to 59.62 Million Acre Feet (MAF) showing a decrease of 15 percent as compared to 69.97 MAF during the same period last year. During Rabi (October-March) 2018-19, the canal head withdrawals recorded an increase of 3 22
55. Agriculture percent and 24 .76 MAF, compared to 24.15 MAF during the same period last year. The provincewise details are shown in Table 2.16. Table 2.16: Canal Head Withdrawals (Below Rim Station) Kharif Kharif % Change in Province (Apr-Sep) 2017 Punjab 35.51 Sindh 31.37 Balochistan 2.07 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 1.02 Total 69.97 Source: Indus River System Authority (Apr-Sep) 2018 Kharif 2018 Over 2017 29.19 27.75 1.69 0.99 59.62 -18 -12 -18 -3 -15 Million Acre Feet (MAF) Rabi (Oct-Mar) 2017-18 12.76 9.75 1.12 0.53 24.15 Rabi (Oct-Mar) 2018-19 13.25 10.10 0.97 0.45 24.76 % Change in Rabi 2018-19 Over 2017-18 4 4 -13 -15 3 Pakistan is facing severe water stress due to an extremely inefficient irrigation system and practices, over-exploitation of groundwater, inadequate storage capacity and surface and groundwater pollution have collectively impacted quantity and quality of water. The prime objective of 12th Five Year Plan 2018-23 is to develop and line up investments for water sector in new storing facilities and increase system efficiency. An amount of Rs. 63.717 billion (including Mohmand and Diamer-Basha Dam) has been allocated for the water sector’s development projects/Programs during the year 2018-19, out of which Rs. 44.776 billion (70%) has been released so far and it is expected that total water sector’s development budget for the FY 2018-19 will be utilized by the end of June, 2019. Achievements during FY 2018-19 a) Implementation of National Water Policy 2018 (NWP)  Pakistan’s first ever National Water Policy was approved by the CCI and Pakistan Water Charter was signed by the Prime Minister and all Chief Ministers, declaring a water emergency in the country  National Water Council and National Water Policy Implementation Committees have been established b) Water Resources Development Program  Appropriate financing options have been explored for the construction of Diamer-Bhasha Dam, Mohmad Dam and other similar projects on fast track basis. Large reservoirs like DiamerBhasha Dam will protect against drought and shortage of irrigation water in Pakistan  Operationalization of Kachhi Canal (Phase-I, Part A) in Balochistan & Rainee Canal in Sindh  Operationalization of Gomal Zam Dam in South Waziristan tribal district (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) and Darwat Dam in Thatta/Jamshoro district of Sindh  Substantial completion of Nai Gaj Dam (Dadu, Sindh) to irrigate 28,800 acres of land  More than 32 percent works completed on Kurram Tangi Dam (Phase-I) in North Waziristan Tribal District  Initial works started on Mohmand Dam in Mohmand Tribal District  To save the water losses of existing irrigation system, an amount of Rs. 2,000 million will be utilized for lining of small & minors canals in Punjab and Sindh during the FY 2018-19  For the rehabilitation and improvement of existing irrigation canals in Punjab, Sindh & Khyber Pakhtunkhwa an amount of Rs. 1,200 million is expected to be utilized during 2018-19 23
56. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19  Formulation of “National Flood Protection Plan-IV” to protect infrastructure, flood embankments, spurs, flood forecasting & warning system in Pakistan  In Balochistan, Sindh, Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa an amount of Rs. 17.317 billion is expected to be utilized during 2018-19 on construction of medium/small/delay action dams and recharge dams. Province-wise detail is as under: a. b. Punjab Sindh c. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa d. Balochistan Rs. 550 million (Ghabir & Papin dam) Rs. 4,000 million (Darawat & Nai Gaj, Small Dams in Kohistan and Nagarparkar areas of Sindh) Rs. 2,900 million (Kurram Tangi, Kundal/Sanam Dam, Baran Dam & 20 small Dams in Districts Nowshera, Kharak, Swabi, Haripur & Khohat) Rs. 7,316 million (Naulong, Shadi Kaur, Bathozai, Construction of 100 small dams (Package-II&III), Basol dam, Mangi dam & many small other small dams) The major water sector projects are given in Table 2.17. Table 2.17: Major Water Sector Projects Project Location App. cost (Rs. in million) Live Storage 6.40 Irrigated Area(Acres) Status Basha Dam (Dam Part only) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa & Gilgit Baltistan 479,000 Gomal Zam Dam Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 20,626 0.892 MAF 191,139 Acres (17.4 MW Power Gen.) Kachhi Canal (Phase-I) Balochistan 80,352 - 72,000 Acres Darawat Dam Sindh 9,300 89,192 (Ac.Ft) 25,000 Acres (0.30 MW Power Gen.) Nai Gaj Dam Sindh 26,236 160,000 (Ac.Ft) KurramTangi Dam (PhaseI,Kaitu Weir) Naulong Dam Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 21,059 0.90 MAF Balochistan 18,027 0.20 MAF Mohmand Dam Hydropower Project (800 MW) Mohmand District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 114,285(dam part) cost 0.676 MAF 28,800 Acres (4.2 MW Power Gen.) 84,380 New 278,000 existing (18.9 MW Power Gen.) 47,000 Acres (4.4 MW Power Gen.) 16,737 Acres (800 MW Power Gen.) Right Bank Outfall Drain RBOD-I Sindh 17,505 RBOD-II Sindh 61,985 RBOD-III Balochistan 10,804 Source: Ministry of Planning, Development and Reform - 24 - ROBD-II will help to dispose 3,520 cusecs of drainage effluent into Sea received from RBOD-I & III ECNEC approved Dam part of the project on 14-11-2018 (out of 479 billion Rs. 232 billion will be federal grant, Rs. 144 billion commercial financing, Rs. 98 billion WAPDA equity) Completed & Operational. Work on Command Area Development in progress. Physically completed. (Phase-I). Clearance of remaining liabilities are in progress. Physically completed. Work on Command Area Development in progress. 52 % Physical works completed 31% works completed. Feasibility & Detailed Engg. Design completed Works on dam not yet started. ECNEC approved Phase-I on 30-06-2018 at a total cost of Rs. 309.558 billion (Dam part+Power cost). Work not started yet. 85% completed 72% completed 86 % completed
57. Agriculture iv ) Agricultural Credit In line with government’s priority for agriculture sector development, Agricultural Credit Advisory Committee (ACAC) has set the indicative agricultural credit disbursement targets to Rs 1,250 billion for FY 2018-19 to 50 agriculture lending institutions including 19 commercial banks, 2 specialized banks, 5 Islamic banks, 11 microfinance banks and 13 microfinance institutions/rural support Programs (MFIs/RSPs). This annual indicative agriculture target is 28 percent higher than the last year’s disbursed amount of Rs 972.6 billion. Of the total target of Rs 1,250 billion, Rs 651 billion has been allocated to five major commercial banks, Rs 100 billion to ZTBL, Rs 245 billion to 14 Domestic Private banks and Rs 50 billion to five Islamic banks. For catering the needs of small farmers, Rs 13 billion has been assigned to PPCBL, Rs 156 billion to 11 Microfinance banks and Rs 35 billion to 13 MFIs/RSPs for the current year 2018-19. Agricultural Credit Disbursements Recent Trends During FY 2018-19 (July- March), the agriculture lending institutions have disbursed Rs. 805 billion which is 64.4 percent of the overall annual target of Rs. 1,250 billion and 20.8 percent higher than the disbursement of Rs. 666.2 billion made during corresponding period of last year. By end-March 2019, the outstanding portfolio of agriculture loans has increased by 15.5 percent (to Rs.70.7 billion), as compared to the same period last year. Further, the agriculture outreach in terms to outstanding borrowers has increased to 4.0 million (or by 8.2 percent) from 3.72 million borrowers as of end June, 2018. Regardless of facing various challenges like volatility in agriculture produce prices, low yield and the impact of climatic change, the overall performance of financial sector remained consistent and witnessed 20.8 percent growth in agricultural disbursement during the period under review. As a group, five major banks disbursed Rs.450 billion (69 percent of its annual target), under specialized banks category, ZTBL disbursed Rs.45.1 billion against the target of Rs 100 billion while PPCBL disbursed Rs. 5.4 billion or 41.9 percent against its target of Rs. 13 billion during FY 2018-19 (July-March). Fourteen domestic private banks collectively disbursed Rs.143.2 billion (58.5 percent of their target of Rs. 245 billion). Under microfinance category, microfinance banks disbursed Rs. 114.7 billion against their annual target of Rs.156 billion and MFIs/RSPs as group disbursed Rs. 24.1 billion against the target of Rs. 35.0 billion to small farmers. Further, under Islamic mode of financing, Islamic banks collectively disbursed Rs. 22.4 billion against their targets of Rs. 50.0 billion to agriculture borrowers, Islamic Windows of commercial banks disbursed Rs. 22.2 billion against their target of Rs. 50.0 billion during FY 2018-19 (July- March).The group wise comparative performance of banks during the period 2018-19 (July- March) is summarized in Table 2.18: Table 2.18: Agricultural Credit Targets and Disbursement Target 2018-19 (July-March) Target Banks 2018-19 5 Major Commercial 651.0 Banks ZTBL 100.0 PPCBL 13.0 DPBs (14) 245.0 Islamic Banks (5) 50.0 MFBs (11) 156.0 MFIs/RSPs 35.0 Total 1,250.0 Source: State Bank of Pakistan (Rs billion) 2017-18 (July-March) Disbursed Achieved (%) % Change over the Period Disbursed Achieved (%) 2017-18 450.0 69.1 516.0 353.6 68.5 27.3 45.1 5.4 143.2 22.4 114.7 24.1 804.9 45.1 41.9 58.5 44.7 73.5 68.8 64.4 125.0 15.0 200.0 20.0 100.0 25.0 1,001.0 62.8 6.7 124.9 10.3 88.4 19.5 666.2 50.2 44.5 62.4 51.3 88.4 78.0 66.6 -28.2 -18.4 14.7 118.1 29.7 23.4 20.8 25
58. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Box-I : Sector wise and Holding/Size wise Credit Distribution Sector-wise classification shows that out of disbursements of Rs. 805 billion, Rs. 392.0 billion or 48.7 percent has been disbursed to farm-sector and Rs. 412.9 billion or 51.3 percent to non-farm sector during 2018-19 (July-March). Under farm sector, Rs. 128.1 billion or 32.7 percent has been disbursed to farmers of subsistence land holding while Rs. 263.9 billion or 67.3 percent disbursed to farmers of economic and above economic land holding. Similarly, under non-farm sector, Rs 118.8 billion or 28.8 percent disbursed to small farms and Rs 294.1 billion or 71.2 percent provided to large farms. During last couple of years, the focus of agriculture lending institutions has been shifting more towards non-farm activities due to new financing avenues and opportunities in livestock/dairy and poultry sectors. The holding wise/size wise details are given in Table 2.19 Table 2.19 : Disbursement to Farm & Non-Farm Sector Sector 2018-19 (July-March) Disbursement % Share within sector A Farm Credit 392.0 48.7 1 Subsistence 128.1 32.7 2 Economic Holding 52.5 13.4 3 Above Economic Holding 211.4 53.9 B Non-Farm Credit 412.9 51.3 1 Small Farms 118.8 28.8 2 Large Farms 294.1 71.2 Total (A+B) 804.9 100 (Rs billion) 2017-18 (July-March) Disbursement % Share within sector 315.6 47.4 130.4 41.3 53.1 16.8 132.0 41.8 350.6 52.6 104.4 29.8 246.2 70.2 666.2 100 Source: State Bank of Pakistan SBP’s Initiatives for the Promotion of Agriculture Financing For promotion of agricultural financing, some of the major initiatives taken by SBP in collaboration with federal & provincial governments are as under:       Crop Loan Insurance Scheme Livestock Loan Insurance Scheme Government of Punjab E-Credit Scheme Adoption of Automation of Land Record for Agriculture Financing Implementation of Credit Guarantee Scheme for Small and Marginalized Farmers Workshops/Trainings/Capacity & Awareness Building III. Livestock and Poultry a) Livestock Over the years, livestock subsector has surpassed the crop subsector as the biggest contributor to value added in agriculture. Presently it contributes 60.5 percent to the overall agricultural and 11.2 percent to the GDP during 2018-19. Gross value addition of livestock has increased from Rs. 1,384 billion (2017-18) to Rs.1,440 billion (2018-19), showing an increase of 4.0 percent over the same period last year. The importance of livestock sector can be realized from the fact that it is not only a source of foreign exchange earnings by contributing around 3.1% to the total exports, but also a source of 35-40% of income for over 8 million rural families and providing them food security by supplementing high valve protein of animal origin. Despite the fact that livestock sub sector could not attract large amount of investment due to its inherent subsistence and structural characteristics, this sector has shown a healthy growth of 4.0 % in 2018-19 over the previous year of 2017-18. 26
59. Agriculture The livestock population for the last three years is given in Table 2 .20. Table 2.20: Estimated Livestock Population Species 2016-171 2017-181 Cattle 44.4 46.1 Buffalo 37.7 38.8 Sheep 30.1 30.5 Goat 72.2 74.1 Camels 1.1 1.1 Horses 0.4 0.4 Asses 5.2 5.3 Mules 0.2 0.2 1 : Estimated figure based on inter census growth rate of Livestock Census 1996 & 2006 Source: Ministry of National Food Security & Research (Million Nos.) 2018-191 47.8 40.0 30.9 76.1 1.1 0.4 5.4 0.2 The major products of livestock are milk and meat for the last three years is given in Table 2.21. Table: 2.21 Estimated Milk and Meat Production Species 2016-171 Milk (Gross Production) Cow Buffalo Sheep2 Goat Camel2 Milk (Human Consumption)3 Cow Buffalo Sheep Goat Camel Meat4 Beef Mutton Poultry meat 2017-181 56,080 20,143 34,122 39 891 885 45,227 16,115 27,298 39 891 885 4,061 2,085 701 1,276 57,890 20,903 35,136 40 915 896 46,682 16,722 28,109 40 915 896 4,262 2,155 717 1,391 (000 Tonnes) 2018-191 59,759 21,691 36,180 40 940 908 48,185 17,353 28,944 40 940 908 4,478 2,227 732 1,518 1: The figures for milk and meat production for the indicated years are calculated by applying milk production parameters to the projected population of respective years based on the inter census growth rate of Livestock Census 1996 & 2006. 2: The figures for the milk production for the indicated years are calculated after adding the production of milk from camel and sheep to the figures reported in the Livestock Census 2006. 3: Milk for human consumption is derived by subtracting 20% (15% wastage in transportation and 5% in calving) of the gross milk production of cows and buffalo. 4: The figures for meat production are of red meat and do not include the edible offal’s. Source: Ministry of National Food Security & Research The estimated production of other livestock products for the last three years is given in Table 2.22. Table: 2.22 Estimated Livestock Products Production Species Eggs Hides Cattle Buffalo Camels Skins Sheep Skin Goat Skin Fancy Skin Lamb skin Kid skin 2016-171 17,083 16,421 8,416 7,897 108 55,526 11,397 27,807 16,322 3,385 12,937 Units Million Nos. 000 Nos. 000 Nos. 000 Nos. 000 Nos. 000 Nos. 000 Nos. 000 Nos. 000 Nos. 000 Nos. 000 Nos. 27 2017-181 18,037 16,974 8,734 8,131 109 56,805 11,532 28,560 16,712 3,425 13,287 2018-191 19,052 17,547 9,063 8,373 111 58,116 11,669 29,334 17,113 3,466 13,647
60. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Table : 2.22 Estimated Livestock Products Production Species Wool Hair Edible Offal’s Blood Guts Casings Horns & Hooves Bones Fats Dung Urine Head & Trotters Ducks, Drakes & Ducklings 2016-171 45.7 27.2 405 67.8 56,094 17,461 58.9 878.2 279.0 1,244 379 252.5 0.44 Units 000 Tonnes 000 Tonnes 000 Tonnes 000 Tonnes 000 Nos. 000 Nos. 000 Tonnes 000 Tonnes 000 Tonnes 000 Tonnes 000 Tonnes 000 Tonnes Million Nos. 2017-181 46.2 27.9 416 69.5 57,387 18,048 60.6 904.9 287.3 1,282 390 259.6 0.42 2018-191 46.8 28.6 428 71.3 58,712 18,654 62.4 932.5 295.8 1,322 401 267.0 0.40 1 : The figures for livestock product for the indicated years were calculated by applying production parameters to the projected population of respective years. Source: Ministry of National Food Security & Research b) Poultry Poultry sector is one of the most vibrant subsectors of livestock sector. The current investment in Poultry Industry is more than Rs. 700 billion. This industry is progressing at an impressive growth rate of 8 to 10 percent per annum over last few years. Pakistan has become the 11th largest poultry producer in the world with the production of 1,163 million broilers annually. This sector provides employment (direct/indirect) to over 1.5 million people. Poultry today has been a balancing force to keep check on the prices of mutton and beef. Poultry meat contributes 34 percent (1,518 thousand tons) of the total meat production (4,478 thousand tons) in the country. Poultry meat production showed a growth rate of 9.1 percent whereas egg production showed a growth of 5.6 percent (19.0 billion Nos.) during 2018-19 as compared to previous year. Transformation of poultry production in controlled shed system is making a tremendous difference of quantity and quality of poultry production. There are now over 6,500 controlled environment poultry sheds in the country which indicates that our poultry sector is moving in the direction of modernization and using advance technology. The Poultry Development Strategy revolves around Disease control; Hi-tech poultry production in intensive poultry; Processing and value addition; improving poultry husbandry practices and development. The government has always been supportive to poultry industry in providing most enabling environment for its growth and expansion. The commercial layer, breeders and broiler stocks showed estimated growth of 7.0 percent, 5.0 percent and 10 percent respectively, while rural poultry developed @ 1.5 percent when compared to 2017-18. The estimated production of commercial and rural poultry and products for the last three years is given below: Table 2.23: Estimated Domestic/Rural & Commercial Poultry Type Units 2016-171 Domestic Poultry Million Nos. 85.86 Cocks Million Nos. 11.55 Hens Million Nos. 41.64 Chicken Million Nos. 32.67 Eggs2 Million Nos. 4,164 Meat 000 Tonnes 117.54 Duck, Drake & Duckling Million Nos. 0.44 28 2017-181 87.16 11.86 42.39 32.91 4,239 119.89 0.42 2018-191 88.49 12.18 43.15 33.16 4,315 122.28 0.40
61. Agriculture Table 2 .23: Estimated Domestic/Rural & Commercial Poultry Type Units 2016-171 2 Eggs Million Nos. 19.52 Meat 000 Tonnes 0.59 Commercial Poultry Million Nos. 1,022.13 Layers Million Nos. 48.83 Broilers Million Nos. 961.50 Breeding Stock Million Nos. 11.80 Day Old Chicks Million Nos. 1,004.29 Eggs2 Million Nos. 12,900 Meat 000 Tonnes 1,157.51 Total Poultry Day Old Chicks Million Nos. 1,037 Poultry Birds Million Nos. 1,108 Eggs Million Nos. 17,083 Poultry Meat 000 Tonnes 1,276 2017-181 18.70 0.57 1,122.29 52.25 1,057.65 12.39 1,104.72 13,779 1,270.69 2018-191 17.93 0.54 1,232.33 55.91 1,163.42 13.01 1,215.19 14,719 1,395.02 1,138 1,210 18,037 1,391 1,248 1,321 19,052 1,518 1 : The figures for the indicated years are statistically calculated using the figures of 2005-06. 2 : The figures for Eggs (Farming) and Eggs (Desi) are calculated using the poultry parameters for egg production. Source: Ministry of National Food Security & Research Poultry Development Policy envisages sustainable supply of wholesome poultry meat; eggs and value added products to the local and international markets and aimed at facilitating private sector development for sustainable poultry production. The strategy revolves around supporting private sector through regulatory measures. The federal government has given a number of concessions on import of poultry machinery, parent and grandparent stock of chicken and hatching eggs to reduce input cost. During the Budget 201718, government reduced the sales tax from 17 percent to 7 percent on import of various types of poultry machinery, reduced custom duty from 11 percent to 3 percent and removal of 5 percent Regulatory duty on import of grandparent and parent stock of chicken and reduced custom duty on the import of hatching eggs from 11 percent to 3 percent. These concessions will help in reducing cost of production of value added poultry products and promote value added poultry industry in the country. Furthermore, federal government is also considering support for waiver of 100 percent cash margin on opening of letter of credit (LC) on import of raw material for poultry value addition to make the Pakistani products more competitive in the export market. Trade of Livestock and Livestock Products The development of the livestock sector and its vertical integration to produce value added products is important to enhance trade opportunities for Pakistan in the global market place. The value addition in livestock and poultry sectors are now on the path of achieving further heights and many value adding livestock and poultry businesses have been established in the country that are actively taking part in trade of livestock and livestock products. To enhance the trade activities of livestock and livestock products, the government has given following incentives;  Sales Tax on import of seven types of poultry machinery is reduced to 7 percent. These include poultry incubators, brooders, grain storage silos for poultry and poultry sheds  Custom duty on import of on grandparent and parent stock of chicken is reduced to 7 percent  Regulatory duty on import of grandparent and parent stock of chicken has been withdrawn  Custom duty on import of hatching eggs is reduced to 3 percent  Custom duty on import of raw skins & hides has been withdrawn 29
62. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19  Custom duty on import of ostriches has been withdrawn  Custom duty of 3 percent on import of bulls meant for breeding purposes is withdrawn  Custom duty on the import of feeds meant for livestock sector is reduced from 10 percent to 5 percent and is also exempted from sales tax  Custom duty on import of fans used in dairy sheds is reduced to 3 percent if imported by members of the Corporate Dairy Association and also exempted from sales tax  Custom duty on import of growth promoters premix, vitamin premix, vitamin B12 (Feed grade) and vitamin H2 (Feed grade) is reduced to 5 percent for registered manufacturers of poultry feed  Custom duty on cattle feed premix is reduced to 5 percent  Custom duty on calf milk replacer has been reduced to 10 percent Government Policy Measures Livestock Wing under Ministry of National Food Security & Research, with its redefined role under 18th Constitutional Amendment, continued to regulate the sector and took several measures in this regard, including: allowing import of high yielding dairy cattle breeds of Holstein Friesian and jersey, genetic material of these breeds, (semen and embryos) for the genetic improvement of indigenous low producing dairy animals, allowing import of high quality feed stuff/micro ingredients for improving the nutritional quality of animal & poultry feed and allowing import of dairy, meat and poultry processing machinery/equipment at concessional tariff/duty in order to encourage value added industry in the country. Livestock Wing also provided necessary facilitation for export of meat and meat products. A total of 48.8 thousand tons of meat and meat products were exported during FY 2017-18 that fetched US$ 198.8 million, from the registered export oriented slaughter houses in the private sector. The export of other livestock by-products such as animal casings, bones, horns & hooves, gelatin etc. was also facilitated. The efforts continued for market access with the relevant concerned authorities in China, South Africa, Jordan and Indonesia using diplomatic channels for export of various meat and meat products. Livestock Wing allowed the import of 824.9 thousand doses of superior quality semen and 8,811 high yielding exotic dairy cattle of Holstein-Friesian & Jersey breeds during 2018-19 (July-March). The policy objective of these permissions is the genetic improvement of indigenous dairy animals in terms of per unit productivity. The imported dairy cows added approximately 61 million tons of milk per annum in the commercial milk chain/system. In order to promote corporate dairy sector, import of calf milk replacer & cattle feed premixes have been allowed at concessional tariffs. During 2018-19 (July-March), 364.6 metric tons of calf milk replacer & 297.4 metric tons of cattle feed premix has been imported for feeding to our dairy herd. During 2018-19 (July-March), the Animal Quarantine Department (AQD) provided quarantine services and issued 27,011 Health Certificates for the export of live animals, mutton, beef, eggs and other livestock products having value of US$ 268.887 million. The AQD generated non-tax revenue of Rs. 85.787 million during same year as certificate/laboratory examination fee of animal and animal products exported during the year. The National Veterinary Laboratory (NVL), Islamabad is a national institution reference laboratory to facilitate international trade meeting the WTO’s requirements while safeguarding the public health. The NVL conducted surveillance and diagnostics on highly contagious diseases of animals. It also carried out activities on National and Regional Projects regarding prevention and control of Transboundary Animal Diseases in Pakistan. During 2018-19 (July-March), about 11,402 samples 30
63. Agriculture were analyzed for disease diagnosis surveillance , veterinary vaccines and residue testing to guide the animal health certification as well as to promote international trade livestock and livestock products. Livestock Wing also collaborated with international (Office International des Epizooties OIE, Food and Agriculture Organization FAO) and regional organizations (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SAARC, Economic Cooperation Organization ECO, Animal Production & Health Commission for Asia APHCA, European Union EU) for Human Resource Development (HRD) and capacity building of national and provincial livestock institutions for diagnosis and control of animal diseases. Inter Provincial Coordination is being done by the Livestock Wing to implement the National Program to Control Foot & Mouth Disease (FMD) and Peste des Petitis Ruminants (PPR) disease in Pakistan. Pakistan has been following progressive FMD Control Pathway, Pakistan has been placed Stage 02 of the total six (06) Stage Pathways. A National FMD Control Program at a cost of Rs.763.9 million for the period of six years has been approved by the competent forums to sustain and continue project activities related to FMD during subsequent years. FAO Pakistan will implement this project under Unilateral Trust Fund (UTF) Agreement. This will help in improving animal health status of the country regarding Transboundary Animal Diseases (TADs) which are technical barrier in the international trade of our livestock and livestock products. Moreover, to attract further investment in dairy sector, protect the small dairy farmers and the corporate dairy sector, beside regulating import and mitigate use of synthetic milk and recipe products/tea whiteners, regulatory duty to the tune of 25 percent has been imposed on import of Skimmed Milk Powder (SMP) and Whey Powder (WP). Now the existing duty on import of powdered milk is 45 percent (import duty 20 percent and regulatory duty 25 percent). Future Plans The future plans will continue to focus on: i. Inter-provincial coordination for development of livestock sector ii. Coordination with private sector to promote value addition livestock industry and diversification of livestock products iii. Control of Trans-boundary Animal Diseases (FMD, PPR, Zoonotic diseases) of trade and economic importance through provincial participation iv. Bringing more investments in livestock sectors v. Exploring new markets for export of meat and dairy products with focus on Global Halal Food Trade Market vi. Under the “Prime Minister’s Initiatives on Livestock Sector”, it has been decided to initiate following Programs in all four provinces, ICT, AJK and Gilgit-Baltistan to alleviate poverty and augment the livelihood of poor in the country:  Save the buffalo calf Program  Calf fattening Program  Backyard poultry Program IV. Fisheries Fisheries as a sub-sector of agriculture plays a significant role in the national economy and towards the food security of the country as it reduce the existing pressure on demand for mutton, beef and poultry. 31
64. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Major Functions : i) Quality Control and Export of Fish & Fishery Products:  Fishery plays an important role in Pakistan’s economy and is considered to be a source of livelihood for the coastal inhabitants. A part from marine fisheries, inland fisheries (based in rivers, lakes, ponds, dams etc.) is also very important activity throughout the country. Fisheries share in GDP although very little but it adds substantially to the national income through export earnings. During the year 2018-19 (July-March), a total of 130,830 metric tons of fish and fishery products were exported, earning value of US$ 293.887 million (Rs. 39,245 million).  During 2018-19 (July-March), total marine and inland fish production was estimated at 575,000 metric tons out of which 390,000 metric tons was from marine waters and the remaining from catch from inland waters. Whereas the fish production for the period 2017-18 (July-March) was estimated to be 560,000 metric tons in which 380,000 metric tons was from marine and the remaining was produced by inland fishery sector.  During 2018-19 (July-March) a total of 130,830 metric tons of fish and fish preparation was exported. Pakistan’s major buyers are China, Thailand, Malaysia, Hong Kong, South Korea, Egypt, Bangladesh, UK, Middle East, Sri Lanka, Japan, etc. and earned US$ 293.887 million (Rs. 39,245 million). Whereas the export during 2017-18 (July-March) was 137,819 metric tons of fish and fishery products which earned US$ 315 million (Rs. 34,031 million). The export of fish & fishery products has decreased by 5 percent in quantity term where as in value terms it also decreased by 7 percent but in rupee terms it increased by 15 percent during 2018-19 (JulyMarch).  Quality seafood stocks were being depleting in Pakistani waters because of overfishing and use of destructive nets. Pakistan mostly exports to China at lower rates, while EU lifted ban from two factories only.  The government is taking a number of steps to improve fisheries sector and its exports. Further numbers of initiatives are being taken by federal and provincial fisheries departments.  Export of Fish and Fishery Products to the European Union (EU) countries: Since resumption of export to the EU countries different consignment of fish, cuttle fish and shrimps sent from one company to the EU have been successfully cleared after 100% laboratory analysis at EU border. Export of seafood to EU countries is as under: Table 2.24: Export of Fish and Fishery Products to European Union (EU) 2018-19 (P) Commodity / Fish Cuttlefish Shrimp Total Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Country (MT) Belgium Cyprus Spain Italy UK Total P: July-March US$ (000) 74 24 21 38 148 305 210 61 74 71 901 1,317 (MT) US$ (000) 28 74 215 317 102 274 1,123 1,499 (MT) US$ (000) 32 29 61 142 159 301 (MT) 134 98 236 38 177 683 US$ (000) 454 335 1,197 71 1,060 3,117 Source: Marine Fisheries Department To further enhance seafood export to EU countries, six more processing plants are in pipeline, their cases for approval is under process with EU authorities  Quality Control Laboratories of Marine Fisheries Department (MFD) including Microbiology Laboratory, Chemistry laboratory, Hydrology Laboratory, Biological laboratory and Biochemical laboratory are involved in seafood analysis and quality control services since the inception of the Department. Two laboratories Microbiology and Chemistry have got the status 32
65. Agriculture of accreditation under ISO /IEC-17025 from Norwegian Accreditation (NA) body and Pakistan National Accreditation Council (PNAC). ii) Deep Sea Fishing During the period under reporting new deep sea fishing licensing policy 2018 has been approved by the Cabinet. Applications for licenses have been invited through print media in May, 2019 which are under process. TED, and trials of TED by local fishermen MFD is conducting training Program for fishermen about the use of Turtle Excluder Device (TED). 99 fishermen, including representatives of the other organizations participated in the training for using the TED. The primary purpose of TED is to reduce the mortality of sea turtles in fishing nets, (shrimp trawl net) and safeguarding the livelihood of the local fishermen. The use of TED is mandatory required for export of shrimp to USA. The federal and provincial governments have assigned the task to the Maritime Security Agency for ensuring compliance of United State regulation about TED on all shrimp trawlers to ensure the export of shrimp to USA. Vision “To Promote Fisheries and Ensure Food Security Through Availability of Quality Products at Competitive Prices” The priorities for future development of fisheries sector includes the following strategies:  Improving marketing infrastructure for fishermen along coast i.e. providing technical assistance/guidelines to stakeholders/provinces for improvement of landing sites/auction halls at different fish harbours  Providing guidelines for up gradation of fishing boats according to international standards  Increasing capability for fisheries planning and management based on the sound knowledge of the state of the fishery resources and exploitation of these resources  Providing guideline/technical assistance for value addition and to promote aquaculture to boost fish production volume as well as value wise  Upgrading, accreditation and strengthening the quality control laboratories of MFD by adding the new testing parameters for monitoring environmental contaminants in fish & fishery products to satisfy the requirements of importing countries Conclusion The agriculture growth is not consistent as observed over the decades. The rural transformation pace remained very slow resulted in problems like food insecurity, poverty, unemployment, illiteracy etc. It is very important that focus should remain on raising food production through efficient irrigation and innovative technology, agriculture diversification, agriculture support services, SME development in rural areas and creating small cities in rural areas. The present government’s resolve is to enhance productivity and value change development. More R&D on seed varieties, improving resource use efficiency, promoting modern technologies, starting skill development Program to support rural enterprises is the need of time. Climate Smart Agriculture is an approach used worldwide focusing on enhancing agriculture productivity and incomes while simultaneously building resilience to climate vulnerability and changes. 33
66. BLANK PAGE
67. CHAPTER 3 Manufacturing and Mining Manufacturing plays a vital role in economic development . The contribution of Manufacturing in GDP is hovering around the 13.5-13.8 percent for almost decade, while for the current fiscal year it declined to 13.0 percent. The performance of major crops, power slippages, global commodity price shocks, and contraction in demand of domestic consumer goods hindered the growth of manufacturing sector. Large Scale Manufacturing (LSM) has 78 percent share in Manufacturing and 10.2 percent in GDP whereas Small scale manufacturing accounts for 2.0 percent in GDP. The third component of the sector is Slaughtering and account 0.9 percent in GDP. The Large Scale Manufacturing (LSM) growth during July-March FY 2019 declined to 2.93 percent as compared to 6.33 percent in the same period last year. On Year on Year (YoY), LSM growth witnessed sharp decline of 10.63 percent in March 2019 compared to increase of 4.70 percent in March 2018. The current Fiscal Year 2019 started with 7.4 percent growth mainly contributed by Electronics 95.6 percent, Non metallic minerals product 17.9 percent (Cement 18.0 percent) and Automobiles 22.1 percent (Jeeps & Cars 36.1 percent, Trucks 33.1 percent and Buses 54.3 percent). However, it declined by 2.1 percent in August 2018 on account of dismal performance witnessed in Non metallic mineral products which declined by 4.1 percent (Cement declined by 4.0 percent ), Automobiles declined by 13.9 percent (LCVs -15.9 percent, Tractors -4.8 percent and Cars -15.9 percent) and Electronics -32.5 percent. However, it marginally improved in September 2018 by 1.2 percent. This improvement was on account of Non metallic mineral products by 8.9 percent (Cement 8.4 percent). In October 2018, it reached to 6.7 percent on account of recovery witnessed in Non metallic mineral product by 22.2 percent (22.3 percent growth in Cement), Automobiles 13.8 percent (LCVs 8.7 percent, Tractors 26.6 percent and motor cycles 5.4 percent), Fertilizer 14.5 percent and Electronics 24.1 percent. In November 2018, LSM witnessed a sharp dip of 6.1 percent due to decline in Food, Beverages and Tobacco growth by -8.9 percent, Textile -0.2 percent and Paper & Board -27.0 percent. A slight recovery of 0.8 percent witnessed in December 2018. However, steep rise witnessed in January 2019 by 24.9 percent owing to phenomenal improvement of 208.1 percent in electronics, Paper & Board 23.8 percent and Food, Beverages & Tobacco 76.2 percent due to Sugar production increased by 183 percent. The impact of sugar however, moderated to 2.0 percent and -27.0 percent in February and March 2019. The graph below shows the LSM behavior on Month on Month basis. Fig-3.1: LSM growth (Month on Month) 30 24.9 25 20 15 6.7 10 7.4 5 1.2 0.8 1.8 0 -5 -2.1 July-18 Aug-18 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics -5.1 -6.1 -10 Sep-18 Oct-18 Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19
68. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 There are a number of factors which contributed to the slowdown in the growth of LSM including lower PSDP expenditures compared to last year , slowdown in the private sector construction activities and consumer spending on durable goods. This was more noticeable in construction-allied industries. Demand for housing moderated as the price of building materials and cost of financing increased. Certain sector-specific issues also contributed to the decline in LSM. Automobile prices witnessed multiple upward revisions due to PKR depreciation which held the potential buyers refrained from making booking and purchases. Certain restrictions on non-filers with respect to purchase of cars further dampened the automobile demand. Pharmaceutical also suffered due to a considerable lag in regulatory adjustments in prices. This pricing issue was in addition to weakening of the local currency, which added to the distress of an import dependent sector. Similarly, lower sugarcane production and previous year’s inventories further dampened the prospects of the sugar industry. Group wise growth and points contribution to LSM during the period of July-March FY 2018 versus July-March FY 2019 are given in the following Table 3.1. Table 3.1: Group wise growth and Point Contribution rate to LSM for the Period of Jul- Mar 2018-19 Vs Jul-Mar 2017-18 S# Groups Weights % Change July-March 2017-18 1 Textile 20.915 0.54 2 Food, Beverages & Tobacco 12.370 -0.76 3 Coke & Petroleum Products 5.514 12.31 4 Pharmaceuticals 3.620 4.50 5 Chemicals 1.717 0.86 6 Automobiles 4.613 18.90 7 Iron & Steel Products 5.392 27.49 8 Fertilizers 4.441 -8.30 9 Electronics 1.963 73.77 10 Leather Products 0.859 -6.83 11 Paper & Board 2.314 9.00 12 Engineering Products 0.400 8.35 13 Rubber Products 0.262 6.51 14 Non-Metallic Mineral Products 5.364 12.32 15 Wood Products 0.588 -19.71 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 2018-19 -0.30 -4.69 -6.00 -8.40 -3.94 -7.58 -11.00 4.50 23.70 0.97 -3.86 9.54 3.47 -4.96 15.21 The performance of textile sector remained under stress during the period as it declined by 0.3 percent against meager growth of 0.5 percent during the same period last year. The performance of Textile sector having highest weight of 20.91 in Quantum Index Manufacturing (QIM) remained subdued on account of lackluster performance of cotton yarn 0.02 percent and cotton cloth 0.07 percent having a combined weight of 20.15 in textile sector. The textile export data is relatively encouraging on account of its wide-ranging coverage than the LSM data as in addition to cotton yarn and fabrics, it also includes the higher value added items like hosiery, knitwear, towels and readymade garments. The Food Beverages and Tobacco recorded a decline of 4.7 percent on account of decline in sugar 13.3 percent. During last few years, sugar industry outburst with impressive growth on the back of increased sugarcane crop in the country. However, in FY 2019 the progress stalled in line with reduction in crop. The other sectors recorded declined during the period are Tea blended 4.0 percent and soft drinks 4.2 percent which overshadowed the growth of cigarettes production. The improvement in tobacco sector is on account of crackdown on curbing the illegal imported products as well illicit production facilities. The items which recorded growths are Cigarettes 7.2 percent, starch and its products 6.4 percent and Juices, syrups & squashes 11.3 percent. 36
69. Manufacturing and Mining The petroleum products is undergoing a significant shift in the country due to the government ’s policy of reducing the reliance on electricity generated from furnace oil based power plants. Furnace oil production sharply contracted by 11.1 percent. However, LPG recorded impressive growth of 27.7 percent, Diesel oil 32.7 percent and motor spirit 7.7 percent. Automobile sector growth declined by 7.6 percent during July-March FY 2019. Its sub sector except such as Buses grew by 16.9 percent while all other registered negative growth such as; Tractors 28.7 percent, Trucks 27.2 percent, LCVs 13.6 percent, Jeeps & Cars 0.1 and motor cycles 11.7 percent. The factors which impacted this vibrant sector remained currency depreciation, policy rate hikes and uncertainty regarding filer versus non filer issue. The assemblers passed on the impact of depreciation to the customer. Furthermore, the increase in car prices along with higher financing costs has also contained the demand for automobiles. However, later on government relaxed some restrictions on non-filer and also government’s commitment to implement the vehicle import policy in letter and spirit will spur the growth. The production of Iron and Steel shrank due to dismal performance of billets/Ignots which grew by 24.7 percent whereas H/C.R. Sheets/Strips/Coils/plates slightly inched up to 3.1 percent. Steel demand contracted from decline in automobile production along with international price dynamics. During the period global economy is currently gripped by US-China trade tensions which led to volatility in the global steel market resulted adverse implications for domestic steel industry. The electronics recorded a growth of 23.7 percent, mainly derived from phenomenal growth of electrics motor which registered a growth of 37.4 percent, which is due to its wide usage in washing machines, refrigerator, air conditioners etc. The demand for these goods rises in summer and manufacturers build up the inventories. Improvement of electricity supplies also contributed to the performance of this subsector. The dismal performance of Non-metallic mineral growth is on account of cement production which declined by 5.5 percent. The cement dispatches however, increased by 4.34 million tons in March as against 3.35 million tons in February 2019 which augur well that demand is picking up and will be further supplemented under government’s housing program, going forward. Fertilizers recorded a growth of 4.5 percent on account of Nitrogenous Fertilizers which recorded a growth of 5.7 percent. The pickup in its growth was due to provision of subsidized RLNG. Selected items of Large Scale Manufacturing are given in Table 3.2. Table-3.2 : Production of selected industrial items of Large Scale Manufacturing S# Items Unit Weights July-March 2017-18 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Cotton Yarn Cotton Cloth Sugar Tea Blended Cooking Oil Vegetable Ghee Cigarettes Deep Freezers Refrigerators Phosphate Fertilizer Nitrogenous Fertilizer Cement Jeep & Cars Upper Leather (tones) (000 sq.m.) (tones) (tones) (Tones) (000 tones) (Million No.) (Nos.) (Nos.) (N tones) ( N tones) (000 tones) (Nos.) (000 sq.m.) 12.9646 7.1858 3.5445 0.3818 2.2271 1.1444 2.1252 0.1622 0.2394 0.3996 4.0411 5.299 2.8183 0.3924 37 2,574,215 784,635 5,653,589 124,787 296,520 1,022,824 45,627 79,449 912,362 485,501 2,085,670 31,228 176,007 20,223 2018-19 2,574,700 785,200 4,898,869 119,739 297,998 1,030,533 48,931 79,757 865,480 463,787 2,204,632 29,527 175,863 20,620 % Change (Jul-Mar) 2018-19 % Point Contribution (Jul-Mar) 2018-19 0.02 0.07 -13.35 -4.05 0.50 0.75 7.24 0.39 -5.14 -4.47 5.70 -5.45 -0.08 1.96 0.00 0.01 -0.47 -0.02 0.01 0.01 0.15 0.00 -0.01 -0.02 0.23 -0.29 -0.00 0.01
70. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Table-3 .2 : Production of selected industrial items of Large Scale Manufacturing S# Items Unit Weights 15 Liquids/Syrups (000 Litres) 16 Tablets (000 Nos.) 17 Petroleum products (000 Litres) 18 Billets/Ingots (Tones) 19 H/C.R sheets/Strips/Coils/plate (Tones) Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS) 1.1361 1.9143 5.4096 1.5234 2.2841 July-March 2017-18 2018-19 81,036 21,224,146 12,142,845 3,973,000 3,191,550 78,661 21,119,512 11,414,558 2,990,954 3,291,600 % Change (Jul-Mar) 2018-19 % Point Contribution (Jul-Mar) 2018-19 -2.93 -0.49 -6.00 -24.72 3.13 -0.03 -0.01 -0.32 -0.38 0.07 The government has recently announced Naya Pakistan Housing Scheme to construct houses across the country for the uplift of the poor strata of the society and to bring them into the national mainstream. This will jack up the construction industries specially cement and also generate employment. In addition, SAIC motor, the largest automotive company of China already launches HONGYAN heavy-duty trucks in Pakistan as well as Renault in partnership with Ghandara Nissan Ltd. Kia Lucky Motors Pakistan Limited (KLM), one of the eight new prospective entrants into the automobile sector, has announced that it will begin commercial production of vehicles by September 2019. The rapidly developing with many infrastructure projects especially under China Pakistan Economic Corridor will helped to boost the automobile sector as well push up the construction related allied industries. 3.2 Textile Industry Textile is the most important manufacturing sector of Pakistan and has the longest production chain, with inherent potential for value addition at each stage of processing, from cotton to ginning, spinning, fabric, dyeing and finishing, made-ups and garments. The sector contributes nearly onefourth of industrial value-added and provides employment to about 40 percent of industrial labor force. Barring seasonal and cyclical fluctuations, textiles products have maintained an average share of about 59 percent in national exports. The export performance during the period under review is given in Table 3.3. Table 3.3: Export of Pakistan Textiles 2013-14 Cotton & Cotton Textiles Synthetic Textiles Sub-Total Textiles Wool & Woolen Textiles Total Textiles Pakistan`s Total Exports Textile as %age of Export Source: Ministry of Textile 13349 383.47 13731 125 13857 25131 55.14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 13139 330.743 13469 119.448 13589 23885 56.90 12168 287.793 12455 97.68 12553 20802 60.34 12205 187.587 12450 78.506 12529 20478 61.35 (US$ Millions) 2017-18 2018-19 (Jul-Mar) 13220 9771 309.681 220 13530 9991 75.852 50.688 13606 10042 23222 17083 58.59 58.78 3.2.1 Ancillary Textile Industry The ancillary textile industry includes cotton spinning, cotton cloth, cotton yarn, cotton fabric, fabric processing, home textiles, towels, hosiery and knitwear and readymade garments, these components are being produced both in the large scale organized sector as well as in the unorganized cottage / small and medium units. The performance of these various ancillary textile industries is illustrated as under:- 38
71. Manufacturing and Mining i . Cotton Spinning Sector The spinning sector is the backbone in the ranking of textile production. At present, as per record of Textiles Commissioner’s Organization (TCO), it comprises 517 textile units (40 composite units and 477 spinning units) with 13.414 million spindles and 198801 rotors installed and 11.338 million spindles and 126583 rotors in operation with capacity utilization of 84.55 percent and 63.67 percent, respectively. ii. Cloth Sector Problems of the power loom sector evolve mainly due to the poor technology and scarcity of quality yarn. Looms installed in cotton textile mills are 9,084 and looms worked were 6,384. Moreover, Production of cloth in mill sector is reported whereas in non-mills sector is not reported and therefore is estimated. The production of cotton cloth has remained stagnant which slightly increased by 0.03 percent while the exports in term of quantity increased by 18.1 percent whereas in value term decreased by 2.09 percent. Table 3.4: Production and export of Clothing Sector Production July-Mar 2018-19 Mill Sector (000. Sq. Mtrs.) 785200 Non Mill Sector (000. Sq. Mtrs.) 6100150 Total 6885350 Cotton Cloth Exports Quantity (M.SqMtr.) 1967.303 Value (M.US$) 1596.271 Source: Ministry of Textile July-Mar 2017-18 784635 6098745 6883380 % Change 0.07 0.02 0.03 1666.130 1630.268 18.08 -2.09 iii. Textile Made-Up Sector Being value added segment of textile industry made-up sector comprises different sub groups namely towels, tents & canvas, cotton bags, bed-wear, hosiery, knitwear & readymade garments including fashion apparels. Export performance of made-up sector during the period July-March FY 2019 is presented in Table 3.5. Table 3.5: Export of Textile Made-Ups (July-Mar) 2018-19 Hosiery Knitwear Quantity (M.Doz) 89.231 Value (M.US$) 2155.039 Readymade Garments Quantity (M.Doz) 37.528 Value (M.US$) 1957.018 Towels Quantity (M.kgs) 137.318 Value (M.US$) 587.779 Tents/Canvas Quantity (M.kgs) 24.093 Value (M.US$) 68.252 Bed Wears Quantity (M.kgs) 308.150 Value (M.US$) 1719.185 Other Made up Value (M.US$) 519.857 Source: Ministry of Textile 39 (July-Mar) 2017-18 % Change 77.712 1971.906 14.82 9.29 29.289 1918.313 28.13 2.02 154.237 598.845 -10.97 -1.85 22.871 65.953 5.34 3.49 279.460 1674.096 10.27 2.69 513.364 1.26
72. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Table 3 .6: Export of Knitwear a) Hosiery Industry July-Mar July-Mar % Change The industry sustains directly livelihood of 2018-19 2017-18 210,000 skilled workers and 490,000 Quantity 89.231 77.712 14.82 unskilled workers. Another 350,000 people (M.Doz) benefit in allied cottage industries. Thus, Value 2155.039 1971.906 9.29 the industry provides directly and indirectly (M.US$) sustenance to well over a million people. Source: Ministry of Textile Knitwear exports consists of knitted and processed fabrics knitted garments; knitted bed sheets, socks etc. The export performance of knitwear during the period under review is given in Table 3.6. b) Readymade Garment Industry Readymade garment industry has emerged Table 3.7: Export of Readymade Garments July-Mar July-Mar % Change as one of the important small scale 2018-19 2017-18 industries in Pakistan. Its products have Quantity 37.528 29.289 28.13 large demand both at home and abroad. The (M.Doz) local requirements of readymade garments Value 1957.018 1918.313 2.02 are almost fully met by this industry. (M.US$) Garment industry is also a good source of Source: Ministry of Textile providing employment opportunities to a large number of people at a very low capital investment. It mainly uses locally produced raw materials. Most of the machines used by this industry are imported or locally made/assembled. Exports increased from 29.3 million dozens to 37.5 million dozen in various types of readymade garments worth US$ 1918.3 million during Jul-Mar FY 2018 as compared to US$ 1957.0 million during Jul-Mar FY 2019, thus showing an increase of 2.02 percent in terms of value and 28.13 percent in term of quantity. c) Towel Industry There are about 10,000 towel looms Table 3.8: Export performance of Towel sector July-Mar July-Mar % Change including shuttle and shuttle less in the 2018-19 2017-18 country in both organized and unorganized Quantity 137.318 154.237 -10.97 sector. This industry is dominantly export (M.kgs) based and its growth has all the time Value (M.US$) 587.779 598.845 -1.85 depended on export outlets. The existing Source: Ministry of Textile towels manufacturing factories are upgraded to produce higher value towels. Export performance of towel sector during the period is given in Table 3.8. d) Canvas The production capacity of this sector is more than 100 million Sq. meters. This sector is also known as raw cotton consuming sector. In term of quantity during Jul-Mar FY2019 it was recorded at 24.1 million Kgs as compared to 22.9 million Kgs during the same period last year thus showing increase of 5.34 percent. In value term it increased by 3.49 percent. Table 3.9: Export performance of Tent and Canvas Sector July-Mar July-Mar % Change 2018-19 2017-18 Quantity 24.093 22.871 5.34 (M.kgs) Value 68.252 65.953 3.49 (M.US$) Source: Ministry of Textile iv. Textile Made-Up Sector Synthetic fibers Nylon, Polyester, Acrylic and Polyolefin dominate the market. There are currently 40
73. Manufacturing and Mining five major producers of synthetic fibers in Pakistan , with a total capacity of 636,000 tons per annum. Artificial silk resembles silk but costs less to produce, with capacity in country about 9000 looms. During July-Mar FY 2019, synthetic textile fabrics worth $ 220.45 million were exported as compared to $ 227.77 million during the same period which is showing a decrease of 3.21 percent as compared to last year. In Quantity term the exports of synthetic increased by 11.95 percent. Table 3.10: Export performance of Synthetic Textile Fabrics July-Mar July-Mar % Change 2018-19 2017-18 Quantity 248.919 222.352 11.95 (Th.Sq.Mtrs) Value (M.US$) 220.453 227.770 -3.21 Source: Ministry of Textile v. Woolen Industry The main products manufactured by the Woolen Industry are carpets and rugs. The exports of carpets during the period July-Mar FY 2019 is given in the Table 3.11. vi. Jute Industry Table 3.11: Exports of Carpets and Rugs (Woolen) July-Mar July-Mar % Change 2018-19 2017-18 Quantity 1.189 1.345 -11.60 (Th.Sq.Mtr) Value (M.US$) 50.688 57.936 -12.51 Source: Ministry of Textile The main products manufactured by the Jute Industries are Jute Sacks and Hessian cloth, which are used for packing and handling of Wheat, Rice and Food Grains. The installed and working capacity of jute industry is given in the Table 3.12. Table 3.12: Installed and working capacity of Jute (July-Mar) 2018-19 Total No. of Units 10 Spindles Installed 24712 Spindles Worked 14276 Looms Installed 1072 Looms Worked 772 Source: Ministry of Textile (July-Mar) 2017-18 10 25208 12511 1106 720 % Change 0% 2.00 -12.36 3.17 6.73 The production of the Jute goods during Jul-Mar FY2019 remained at 47,897 metric tons and last year it was 55,734 metric tons, respectively showing a decline of 14.1 percent. 3.3 Other Industries 3.3-1 Automobile Industry The auto sector continues to stand out as one of the best performing, amongst the large-scale manufacturing sectors, in terms of providing jobs, revenues and in bringing technological advancement to the country. At present , there may be transient deceleration in growth, but as the auto policy (ADP 2016-21) is going to bear fruits, there would be paradigm shift in the industry when many new players would soon join the market with entirely new models. Besides, the existing players have already made huge investments and a lot more is in waiting. Despite extraneous factors particularly in terms of tariffs and import of used vehicles, which still hold 18 percent market share, huge expansion of industry volumes take place to enact much awaited take off stage as envisioned in the Auto Policy 2016-21. Automobile prices witnessed multiple upward revisions due to PKR depreciation, economic slowdown to curtail domestic demand and price-sensitive potential buyers refrained from making purchases. In addition, certain restrictions on non-filers with respect to purchase of cars further dampened the automobile demand. There has been sluggishness everywhere in the local auto industry during the current financial year; except buses where normal growth of 17 percent has taken place, during Jul-Mar FY2019. Indeed, there is enormous potential in demand for buses, waiting to 41
74. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 unleash when serious measures are taken on formulating and implementing Urban Transport Schemes in the cities by replacing the old and dilapidated buses , presently plying on the roads of most of metropolitan areas. A persistent decline was in evidence, in case of Trucks, registered 27 percent loss in production. The non-filers policy may not have impacted here; but the work at certain government projects had halted, so are the supplies of trucks and the respective payments, resulting disruption of the chain of events at the trucking industry. During Jul-Mar, FY 2019, the farm tractor sector massively declined by 28.7 percent as the production recorded at 37,457 units against 52,551 units produced, in the corresponding period of the last year. This decline was due to massive slow down in agriculture growth, water shortages and other issues like increase in the prices of agricultural inputs and halting of development projects added woes of the farmers, thus badly impacted the bookings of Farm Tractors. Passenger car sector was somewhat resistant to the general receding trend in the industry with meager growth of 2.4 percent. The growth was impacted by repeated policy changes with regard to non-filers like imposition ban on purchase, heavy taxation on registration by non-filers and the recent 10 percent levy of federal excise duty. The imposition of 10 percent FED on exceeding 1700cc engine capacity has badly impacted locally produced cars, jeeps and SUBS. The LCV/pick-ups being price sensitive also lost ground, 14 percent down in production. The two/three wheelers sector also failed to show normal growth, it rather dropped off production by 5.8 percent during Jul-Mar FY2019. These vehicles cater to lower income group, hence, are extremely price sensitive. Still, this sector offers most preferred and economical means of transport and best alternative in the absence of public transport in the cities and thus holds a dependable and continued potential for growth in the coming years. The Table below shows previous year’s comparative position of production in auto industry (PAMA members). Table 3.13: Production of Automobiles Category Installed Capacity 2018-19 (Jul-Mar) CAR 240,000 170,118 LCV 43,900 19,536 JEEP 5,000 5,745 BUS 5,000 649 TRUCK 28,500 5,027 TRACTOR 100,000 37,457 2/3 WHEELERS 2,500,000 1,342,185 Source: Pakistan Automotive Manufacturer Association (PAMA) No. of Units 2017-18 (Jul-Mar) 166,166 22,713 9,841 555 6,907 52,551 1,424,379 % change 2.4 -14.0 -41.6 16.9 -27.2 -28.7 -5.8 3.3-2 Fertilizer Industry Fertilizer industry is important for economic development and the prosperity of farming community. The industry produces, imports and distributes fertilizer throughout the country. As fertilizer is an important input for agriculture growth: the government’s intervention in the shape of subsidy and tax relaxations has improved the performance of the agriculture sector. There are ten urea manufacturing plants, one DAP, three NP, four SSP, two CAN and one plant of blended NPKs having a total production capacity of 9218 thousand product tonnes per annum. Total production during first nine months (July to March) of the current fiscal year was 5756 thousand tonnes which was 2.7 percent 42
75. Manufacturing and Mining less as compared to the corresponding time frame of the last year . This increase in production is attributed to the provision of LNG at subsidized rate to Fatima Fert. and Agritech plants. Urea is main fertilizer having 70 percent share in production capacity. Although installed production capacity of 6408 thousand tonnes per annum is enough to meet local demand but gas curtailment for fertilizer sector and high price of LNG has resulted in production of urea at 80% of capacity. Consequently, domestic demand has to be met through imported supplies during peak demand time of crop growing season. About 105 thousand tonnes of urea was imported during current fiscal year. Nutrient offtake during July 2018 to March 2019 was 3497 thousand tonnes which was 7.2 percent less than the corresponding period of the previous year. Nitrogen and Phosphate offtake was 2551 and 900 thousand tonnes respectively, whereas Potash offtake was 46 thousand tonnes. The recommended level of fertilizer use in Pakistan for Nitrogen (N), Phosphate (P) and Potash (K) is 2:1:0.5. Current fiscal year first nine months estimates shows that Nitrogen (N) and Phosphate offtake has been decreased by 2.9 and 18.1 percent respectively, while Potash (K) offtake has surged by 4.5 percent as compared to last year. Urea and DAP offtake during first nine months of current fiscal year was 4443 thousand tonnes and 1743 thousand tonnes respectively. Urea and DAP offtake decreased by 2.2 and 17.7 percent respectively, as compared to the same time frame of the last year. 3.3-3 Cement Industry Pakistan's cement industry showed poor performance during the first nine months of current financial year July -March FY 2019. Cement sector with its huge underused capacities continued to face lack of domestic demand due to slow growth, low development spending and delayed in launch of the government’s low-cost housing scheme. While cement consumption is usually at its height in March as construction activities peak with the pleasant weather and urgency in completing government development works within the financial year. Total dispatches (local and exports) in March 2019 declined by 6.7 percent to 4.34 Mt from 4.652 Mt in March 2018. The decline in domestic consumption continued as it went down to 3.858 Mt in March 2019 from 4.26 Mt in March 2018, depicting a decrease of 9.4 percent. Though exports continued to increase, the growth posted in March 2019 (23.1 percent) is the lowest export growth in the last seven months. 4.34 3.35 3.89 Dec/18 3.66 3.93 3.83 3.46 Aug/18 4.0 3.57 4.5 Jul/18 5.0 Nov/18 4.56 Fig-3.2: Cement Dispatches (M.Tonnes) 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 Mar/19 Feb/19 Jan/19 Oct/18 Sep/18 0.0 Source: All Pakistan Cement Manufacture Association Northern region Domestic consumption in the northern part of the country continued to decline as it was only 3.071 Mt last month when compared with 3.543 Mt in the year-ago period. Exports from northern mills also declined to 0.131 Mt in March 2019 from 0.218 Mt in March 2018. Southern region Domestic dispatches from mills in the southern part of the country edged up to 0.787 Mt in March 2019 as compared to 0.717 Mt in March 2018. Furthermore, exports from the region doubled from 0.173 Mt in March 2018 to 0.35 Mt in March 2019. 43
76. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Cumulative dispatches Total local dispatches during Jul-Mar FY 2019 , fell to 29.448 Mt from 31.314 Mt, whereas exports rose to 5.132 Mt from 3.444 Mt in FY2017-18. According to the APCMA, of particular concern is the continued slump in the northern region where local dispatches have declined by over 10 per cent in last nine months from 25.887 Mt in FY2017-18 to 23.199 Mt in the corresponding period of FY2018-19. However, local dispatches from the mills situated in southern region of the country have increased during Jul-Mar FY2019 by 15.16 percent to 6.248 Mt from 5.426 Mt in Jul-Mar FY 2018. Exports also rose in the south by 210 percent in the current fiscal year, from 1.013 Mt in July-Mar FY 2018 to 3.143 Mt in Jul-Mar FY2019, while in the north the exports stood at 1.988 Mt in first nine months of this fiscal year as compared to 2.431 Mt during the same period last year, a decline of 18.2 percent. The cement industry has been under pressure in this fiscal year as development expenditure has been slashed, however, government announcement of program to build five million low cost houses in next five years for the homeless will spur the growth. Table 3.14: Cement Production Capacity & Dispatches Years Production Capacity Local Capacity Utilization (%) Dispatches 2006-07 30.50 79.23 21.03 2007-08 37.68 80.14 22.58 2008-09 42.28 74.05 20.33 2009-10 45.34 75.46 23.57 2010-11 42.37 74.17 22.00 2011-12 44.64 72.83 23.95 2012-13 44.64 74.89 25.06 2013-14 44.64 76.79 26.15 2014-15 45.62 77.60 28.20 2015-16 45.62 85.21 33.00 2016-17 46.39 86.90 35.65 2017-18 53.44 85.87 41.15 July-Mar 2017-18 49.44 93.74 31.31 2018-19 57.13 80.71 29.45 Source: All Pakistan Cement Manufacturers Association (APCMA) 3.23 7.72 10.98 10.65 9.43 8.57 8.37 8.14 7.20 5.87 4.66 4.75 (Million Tonnes) Total Dispatches 24.26 30.30 31.31 34.22 31.43 32.52 33.43 34.28 35.40 38.87 40.32 45.89 3.44 5.13 34.76 34.58 Exports 3.4: Small and Medium Enterprises SMEs play a key role in shaping national growth strategies, employment generation and improving standard of living of the vulnerable segments of the society. SMEs are the backbone of the economy but lack resources to adopt new technologies and improve their production based on latest development. To provide impetus to SME sector and enhances its competiveness, the present government, is developing National SME Policy 2019, which will serve as Government of Pakistan’s master plan for providing support to catalyze growth of the sector. The focus of the policy shall be on job creation, export enhancement and increased contribution of SMEs in the National economy. The policy will address core SME development issues, including access to finance, Business Development Services (HR Development, Technology, Marketing, Market Access, Standards and Certifications etc.), simplification & rationalization of taxation regime and reduction in cost of doing business. A cohesive strategic framework for business facilitation across the public sector institutional infrastructure, both federal & provincial, will be developed for implementation of policy under the principle of ease of doing business. 44
77. Manufacturing and Mining In order to formulate the Policy , a participatory process has been adopted to identify real SME challenges, which will be coupled with a strategy to address them. In this regard, Focus Group Discussions, Workshops and Consultative sessions were held nationwide (Lahore, Islamabad, Multan, Peshawar, Swat, Sialkot, Gujranwala & Gujrat) during current fiscal year. Eminent researchers, representatives of chambers of Commerce & Industry, Trade Associations and academia are also actively involved in the policy making Committee to provide necessary guidance to the policy formulation process. The first meeting of Steering Committee for national SME Policy was held in December 2018. The draft Policy shall be submitted for approval to the Federal Cabinet in 2019. i. SMEDA over the Counter (OTC) Services (July 2018-Mar 2019): SME Facilitation Pre-feasibility Studies Development (New & updated) Investment Facilitation (PKR Million) Business Plans Training Programs Cluster/District Profiles (New and Update) OTC Products (Food Safety, Business Management, A2F etc) Diagnostic/Value Chain Studies Theme Specific Helpdesks SMEDA Web Portal (Download Statistics) SME Observer SMEDA Newsletter SMEDA Research Journal 4,972 22 389.82 10 233 13 23 8 90 69,733 1 issue 3issues Annual v. Special Projects with International Development Partners a. Economic Revitalization of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and erstwhile Federally Administered Tribal Areas (ERKF) Economic Revitalization of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Federally Administered Tribal Areas (ERKF) is a Multi Donor Trust Fund Project (MDTF). The project was initiated to provide assistance in the economic recovery and rehabilitation of crisis affected areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and erstwhile FATA. After the successful completion of Phase-I, MDTF extended the project to Phase-II (2017-2020). Under Phase-II, ERKF Project is offering support to SMEs on the basis of 50% matching share through the following types of grants; 1. Rehabilitation Grant – This grant is given to SMEs for rehabilitation of businesses affected by crisis in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and erstwhile FATA. The program provides the flexibility of using these grants either for capital expenditures or for working capital. 2. Up-gradation Grant – Up-gradation grant is available to those SMEs that have an existing business and they need support for upgrading their business processes for improving their productivity and efficiency. 3. Cluster Grant – this type of grant is provided to groups of SMEs (at least 5 SMEs). Preference is given to those project that benefit, not only the concerned SMEs, but the entire cluster. In order to raise awareness of Phase-II of the project, SMEDA arranged several awareness sessions across the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province for providing hands on information to SMEs, including women entrepreneurs. Application forms of respective grants have also been provided to all SMEs, chambers associations and other business representative bodies in the region. 45
78. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Under Phase-II of ERKF project (July 2018 – March 2019), a total amount of PKR 274.25 million has been approved/sanctioned to 372 SMEs in the region. The project aims to achieve its development objective by 2020, through creation of sustainable employment opportunities and rehabilitation of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). b. SMEDA Industrial Support Program: In order to provide support to the Industry, SMEDA collaborates with international development organizations, such as; Japan International Cooperation agency (JICA), German International Cooperation (GIZ), Training and Development Centers of the Bavarian Employers Association (bfz), Germany and local experts. Technical assistance is provided to SMEs across a range of industries to improve productivity, competitiveness and energy efficiency. During July 2018 to March 2019, SMEDA provided support to Auto Parts manufacturers by conducting energy audits, improving production efficiency, enhancing productivity, increasing capacity of local engineers and training. vi. Cluster Development Based Mineral Transformation Plan/Vision 2025 SMEDA was awarded a contract for a project titled ‘Feasibility Research Study on Cluster Development Based Mineral Transformation Plan/Vision 2025’ by the Planning Commission. The project entails an extensive study of 20 mineral clusters besides improving the efficiency of existing ones throughout the value chain i.e. supply-chain development, market intelligence, attraction of foreign direct investment & improved processing. From July 2018 to March 2019, first draft of 20 cluster profiles was completed and submitted to the Planning Commission. Moreover, 5 value chain studies were also developed; i) Gypsum, ii) Gemstone, iii) Coal, iv) Chromite, and v) Dimension Stones (Marble, Granite and Onyx). In addition to this, database of 1800 SMEs has also been developed. 3.6: Mineral Sector The mineral potential of Pakistan is widely recognized to be excellent but this sector over the past inadequately developed. This is evident that its contribution to industry as a sub sector 13.5 percent and GDP remained 2.7 percent. Although efforts are underway to developed but enough remains to be done to enhance the sector to take full advantage of its endowment. This sector is lagging behind despite huge potential, due to interconnected and cross cutting issues like lack of infrastructure at mines sites, low level of technology installed and semi skilled labor, low financial support and lack of marketing. The Mining and Quarrying sector negatively grew by 1.96 percent during Jul-Feb FY 2019 as against 7.7 percent last year. Chromite, Magnesite, Rock salt, Barytes, Ocher and Crude oil posted a positive growth of 228.69 percent, 159.63 percent, 12.65 percent, 22.15 percent, 19.12 percent and 0.47 percent, respectively. However, some witnessed negative growth during the period under review such as Coal 25.42 percent, Natural gas 1.98 percent, Sulphur 40.72 percent, Calcite 91.49 percent, Soap stone 13.12 percent, Marble 4.66 percent and Bauxite 30.82 percent (Table 3.15). Table 3.15: Extraction of Principal Minerals Minerals Unit of 2016-17 Quantity Coal M.T 3,953,992 Natural Gas MMCFT 1,471,854 Crude Oil JSB(000) 32,269 Chromite M.T 105,238 Magnesite M.T 19,656 Dolomite M.T 301,124 46 2017-18 4,477,555 1,458,935 32,557 97,420 23,596 488,825 2018-19 3,339,582 1,430,097 32,711 320,209 61,263 467,131 %Change FY19/FY18 -25.42 -1.98 0.47 228.69 159.63 -4.44
79. Manufacturing and Mining Table 3 .15: Extraction of Principal Minerals Minerals Unit of 2016-17 Quantity Gypsum M.T 2,079,629 Lime Stone M.T 52,144,064 Rock Salt M.T 3,534,075 Sulphur M.T 23,740 Barytes M.T 91,711 Calcite M.T 4,448 Soap Stone M.T 152,279 Marble M.T 4,904,141 Bauxite M.T 75,375 Quartz M.T 98,529 Ocher M.T 86,080 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS) 2017-18 2,475,893 70,818,725 3,647,584 22,040 88,847 1,692 141,504 8,813,025 145,189 117,785 75,939 2018-19 2,641,833 73,515,665 4,108,929 13,065 108,531 144 122,938 8,402,276 100,439 114,184 90,461 %Change FY19/FY18 6.70 3.81 12.65 -40.72 22.15 -91.49 -13.12 -4.66 -30.82 -3.06 19.12 Punjab: Mines and Minerals Department aims to ensure responsible mineral development that contributes the most advantageous level of mineral revenue while respecting the principles of sustainable development. Following Schemes is underway to develop the sector. i. Table 3.16: Mineral Production Data MINERALS Jul-Feb FY 2019 (M tonnes) Arg Clay LSM 3,818,152 Bauxite 63,924 Coal 675,659 China Clay 6,796 Dolomite 2,702 Fireclay 469,351 Fuller Earth 9,460 Gypsum 914,320 Gypsum LSM 213,546 Iron Ore 337,485 Lime Stone 14,845,031 Lime Stone LSM 15,568,255 Rock Salt 1,817,855 Rock Salt LSM 835,092 Silica Sand 259,433 Silica Sand LSM 27,657 Resource estimation of placer gold in river Indus flowing through District Attock Placer gold occurrences along the dispositional meanders of River Indus have been of great interest for exploration of gold resources in the upper reaches of Chitral, Gilgit, Hunza and adjoining areas to explore the source rocks for gold. River Indus enters Punjab from downstream of Tarbila dam and after passing through areas of Ghazi, Waisa, Attock, Khurd, Choai, Jhand, Kalabagh etc., enters into Dera Ismael Khan, beyond the boundary of Punjab province. The Indus river course mainly falls in District Attock & Mianwali in Punjab. The objective is to determine the economic potential of the placer gold in specified areas of river Indus at different locations in District Attock. According to the results, viable block(s)/ zone(s) can be granted of concessions under the Punjab Mining Concession Rules 2002. ii. Construction of drainage Nala for disposal of saline water from sandstone leases of chak No.123 SB and 126 SB, District Sargodha Mines & Minerals Department has 58 blocks of Sandstone in Kirana Hills of District Sargodha in the province of Punjab and the leases of these blocks have been granted through open auction under the provision of Punjab Mining Concession Rules 2002. 47
80. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 As excavation of stone from these hills / blocks is being done since long, pits have been developed in most of the blocks having depths of 15-25 feet due to extensive working. Almost in all the pits, water gets accumulated due to seepage and rain which causes lessees immense difficulties during mining operations. This situation compels the lessees to dispose this saline water from the pits on to nearby lands & pits of other vacant blocks. Due to this uncontrolled disposal of saline water, the surrounding lands have gotten affected badly causing unrest among the inhabitants. Therefore, construction of drainage nala to dispose of this saline water is a basic necessity of the stone market and the locals which on one hand will eventually make the pits workable and on the other facilitate the local land owners and inhabitants. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: The total area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is 74,521 Sq Km out of which 70 percent consist of mountains and rocks. The formation of these rocks contains huge prospects of different metallic /non-metallic minerals and various precious/semi-precious gemstones minerals. It has large number of mineral resources which have not yet been exploited at all to its full potential. Based on the exploration done so far, excellent prospects of other valuable deposits exist. The production data of mineral in respect of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is given in the table. Table 3.17: Mineral Production Data MINERALS Jul-March FY 2019 (M. tonnes) Barytes 1,813 Bauxite 4,910 Coal 25,402 Dolomite 288,864 Granite 9,999,060 Gypsum 216,833 Iron ore 23,550 Lime stone 10,922,199 Marble 2,313,251 Rock salt 57,300 Sindh: Sindh is located in the Southern part of Pakistan. From East to West, it is comprised of three main geological zones, namely the Thar Desert, the Indus Plain and Delta, and the Khirthar Mountains. At present about 24 minerals are under exploitation but on small scale. Sindh government has accorded priority to the development of mineral sector as it correlates with the development of remote areas of province as well as alleviating poverty. Mines and Mineral development department are being acquired by latest mineral exploration techniques for effective date geological generation and identification of exploration targets. Sindh produces a variety of commercial clays, including Fuller’s Earth, China Clay, Fire Clay, Ball Clay and Bentonite. It is endowed with large and extensive deposits of Limestone. Keeping in view the contribution of mineral sector in GDP which can also be enhanced by commercial exploitation of granite, marble and the other minerals as well. The Directorate General of Mines & Mineral Development, sponsored the on-going ADP-Scheme-2018-19 title “Feasibility Study of granite Deposits in District Tharparkar Sindh” and “Exploration, evaluation and value addition of Granite Deposits in Sindh for economical & industrial use”.The scheme will be completed in June 2020. The Mines & Mineral Development Department, Government of Sindh has also proposed a Scheme titled as “Sindh Mineral Policy” for the year 2019-20. The Mines & Mineral Development Department, has already established Geo-data Centre with official web portal which will provide all the necessary information to the General Public as well as Investors/Stake holders. This carries with mineral based information and online granted leases database along with provision of information regarding the granted areas in the Sindh. Balochistan Balochistan is the largest province (area wise) of the country constituting about 43% of the total 48
81. Manufacturing and Mining National landmass . The Country, in general, and the province in particular, is endowed by the nature with the blessing of substantial mineral wealth. Mineral industry can play an important role in boosting up the socio-economic setup in Balochistan as agriculture in other parts of the country but due attention could not be given to the exploration and development of mineral sector due to financial constraints, heavy risk investment and lack of infrastructure as the deposits are located in remote and far flung areas. Nature has gifted Balochistan with vast natural resources. Efforts are being made for scientific exploration and exploitation of minerals resources of the province. Major mineral potentials are described as under:i. Metallic Minerals (Chromite, Iron, Copper/Gold, Lead Zinc, Titanium potential and Antimony ii. Non-Metallic Minerals (Coal, Gypsum, Fluorite, Magnesite, Baryte, Vermiculite, Asbestos, Dimension stone) Currently the Government has planned projects related to management of the Mining Industry, however, following are the potential projects for development and investment related to CPEC and also in general for the government and private sector: Project Location  Establishment of Mini Steel Mills  Cement Manufacturing Plants Mastung and Chagai Quetta, Kalat, Mastung, Loralai, Lasbella, MBarkhan, Bolan, Sibi, Hernai and Kohlu Quetta, Loralai, Sibi and Hernai.  Establishment of Coal based thermal Power Stations.  Establishment of Ferro-Chrome Plant  Establishment of Marble Cities.  Establishment of Barium Chemical Compounds Industry Cost (Billion PKR) 15 05 03 Muslim Bagh and Khuzdar 05 Chagai, Khuzdar and Loralai Khuzdar 02 02 Conclusion: Large Scale Manufacturing (LSM) performance remains muted due to lower PSDP expenditures compared to last year, slowdown in the private sector construction activities and consumer spending on durable goods along with low labor productivity. Adjustments, stabilization and reform process will continue for higher growth. The government is seriously focusing on ease of doing business by making efforts to rebuild investors confidence and trying to remove all basic impediments that adversely affect business environment and thus investment in the country. Going forward, some gradual recovery in economic activity is expected on the back of improved market sentiment in the context of the IMF supported program. The rebound in the agro based industries as well as government incentives for export oriented industries will improve labor productivity which will help in reviving LSM in medium term. 49
82. BLANK PAGE
83. CHAPTER 4 Fiscal Development Fiscal policy is an important and potential tool for economic stabilization . It has achieved importance over the previous decade as an instrument for macroeconomic stabilization in response to global financial crises. However, there has not been much emphasis on fiscal reforms to provide a more sustainable path to long-term inclusive growth. In Pakistan, fiscal sector has faced multifaceted challenges over the years due to unproductive and rigid expenditures on one hand and lower tax revenues on the other. This has narrowed the fiscal space for public investment and social safety nets. High fiscal deficit has therefore become a norm, with high interest payments, untargeted subsidies, including energy subsidies, loss making PSEs, and security related expenditure all contributing to the expanding fiscal deficit. A brief review of fiscal performance during last five years exhibits a deceleration in revenues and increase in expenditures compared to targets, causing an increase in the fiscal deficit to 6.5 percent of GDP in FY2018 - highest during the last five years. In FY2016, fiscal deficit was brought down to 4.6 percent of GDP but the low trajectory could not be maintained and increased to 5.8 percent and 6.5 percent during FY2017 and FY2018, respectively. The performance of fiscal indicators shows that total revenue growth experienced a slow down (5.9 percent in FY2018 against 11.0 percent growth in FY2017), while, total expenditure growth was contained at 10.1 percent in FY2018 as compared to 17.3 percent in FY2017. During first nine months of FY2019, consolidated fiscal indicators performance suggests that total revenue registered zero growth over same period last year, while total expenditures increased by 8.7 percent for the same period. Therefore, fiscal deficit as percent of GDP reached 5.0 percent as compared 4.3 percent in comparable period of last year. The incumbent government inherited the economy facing multiple economic challenges which required considerable adjustments. The priority of the government is to undertake structural reforms and fiscal adjustments to correct the underlying imbalances in the economy. In addition, the government is focused on taking various policy measures to address structural problems which have plagued the economy over the years. The focus is on exploiting the overall growth potential of the country and achieving higher growth trajectory through higher investment, efficiency and enhanced productivity. On fiscal side, the government is committed to implement structural reforms to narrow the fundamental revenue-expenditure gap. This will ensure an efficient and fair tax system with the ability to generate ample revenue to finance a large part of public expenditures. Fiscal Policy Developments Fiscal indicators during FY2018 suggest that total revenue at 15.1 percent of GDP remained below the revised target of 16.0 percent. Both tax and non-tax revenue showed dismal performance, while expenditures increased. Tax revenue reached 12.9 percent of GDP against the target of 13.2 percent, of which FBR tax collection remained at 11.1 percent against the revised target of 11.4 percent. Similarly, non-tax revenue reached 2.2 percent against the target of 2.8 percent. On the other hand,
84. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 total expenditures stood at 21 .6 percent against the target of 21.5 percent. Hence, fiscal deficit surpassed its revised target of 5.5 percent and stood at 6.5 percent of GDP in the last fiscal year. During the last five years, total revenue as percent of GDP on average reached 14.9 percent, with tax revenue and non-tax revenue at 11.8 and 3.1 percent, respectively. Table: 4.1 Fiscal Indicators as Percent of GDP Year Real GDP Growth Overall Fiscal Deficit Total Expenditure Current Development/1 FY2008 5.0 7.3 21.4 17.4 FY2009 0.4 5.2 19.2 15.5 FY2010 2.6 6.2 20.2 16.0 FY2011 3.6 6.5 18.9 15.9 FY2012 3.8 8.8 21.6 17.3 FY2013 3.7 8.2 21.5 16.4 FY2014 4.1 5.5 20.0 15.9 FY2015 4.1 5.3 19.6 16.1 FY2016 4.56 4.6 19.9 16.1 FY2017 5.22 5.8 21.3 16.3 FY2018 5.53 6.5 21.6 16.9 FY2019 B.E 6.2 4.9 21.2 16.5 /1 including net lending Note: provisional growth for FY2019 is estimated at 3.29 percent. 4.0 3.5 4.4 2.8 3.9 5.1 4.9 4.2 4.5 5.3 4.7 4.7 Total Rev. 14.1 14.0 14.0 12.3 12.8 13.3 14.5 14.3 15.3 15.5 15.1 16.3 Revenue Tax 9.9 9.1 9.9 9.3 10.2 9.8 10.2 11.0 12.6 12.4 12.9 13.9 Non-Tax 4.2 4.9 4.1 3.0 2.6 3.5 4.3 3.3 2.7 3.0 2.2 2.4 Within revenues, tax collection posted a growth rate of 12.5 percent in FY2018 compared with 8.4 percent in FY2017. The rise in tax revenues is primarily due to the 14.1 percent growth in FBR tax collection (compared with 8.2 percent growth in FY2017).Provincial taxes posted a higher growth rate of 24.7 percent in FY2018, compared with 13.6 percent growth in FY2017. Despite the acceleration in the growth of tax revenues, growth in total revenue collection decelerated, falling from 11.0 percent in FY2017 to 5.9 percent in FY2018, due to a fall in non-tax revenue. Non-tax revenues posted a negative growth of 21.4 percent in FY2018 as compared with 23.0 percent positive growth in FY2017. The contraction in non-tax revenue came primarily from the decline in defence related revenue, especially CSF, negative profit of post office Dept/PTA and negative growth in markup and dividends. As percent of GDP, non-tax revenue reduced to 2.2 percent in FY2018 from 3.0 percent in FY2017. Some components of non-tax revenue maintained a positive growth rate, such as SBP profit with a growth of 2.4 percent in FY2018. Similarly, royalties on oil and gas and windfall levy on crude oil, which have relatively smaller share in total non-tax revenue, also witnessed higher growth during FY2018. Review of Public Expenditures In FY2018, total expenditures were 21.6 percent of GDP – higher than the average of the last five years of 20.5 percent. Current expenditures in FY2018 reached 16.9 percent, as compared to the five year average of 16.3 percent, while, development expenditures maintained its share of 4.7 percent of GDP, as per the average of the last five years. While overall total expenditure remained high, growth in total expenditures decelerated to 10.1 percent during FY2018 as compared to 17.3 percent in FY2017. This slowdown in expenditures came primarily from lower growth in development expenditures and net lending which was reduced 52
85. Fiscal Development by 3 .5 percent in FY2018 as compared to growing by 27.9 percent in FY2017. The negative growth largely came from negative growth of 7.7 percent in PSDP expenditures during FY2018 against 33.1 percent growth in FY2017. The pace of PSDP releases remained slow at the end of FY2018, especially during the interim government period as Election Commission prohibited starting any new development project, as this could potentially effect voter sentiments during the elections. Conversely, current expenditures grew from 10.7 percent in FY2017 to 12.6 percent in FY2018. This sharp increase was due to increase in provincial current expenditures as was expected during election year. Federal and provincial current spending registered a growth of 9.1 and 19.6 percent, respectively. Share of current expenditures in total expenditures increased from 76.4 percent in FY2017 to 78.2 percent in FY2018. This share is budgeted at 77.8 percent for FY2019. Fig-4.1: Growth in Total expenditure 30 Total expenditure Current 50 Growth rate% Development (rhs) 20 30 10 10 -10 0 -30 FY2012 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015 FY2016 FY2017 FY2018 FY2019 B.E Defence expenditures grew by 16.0 percent and reached Rs 1,030.4 billion (3.0 percent of GDP) in FY2018 against Rs 888.1 billion (2.8 percent of GDP). Share of defence expenditures in total and current expenditures remained at 13.8 and 17.6 percent, respectively in FY2018 compared with 13.1 and 17.1 percent in the preceding year. The budget estimates suggest that defence expenditures will remain at 2.9 percent of GDP during current fiscal year. Similarly, mark up payments posted a growth of 11.2 percent in FY2018 to Rs 1,499.9 billion (4.3 percent of GDP) compared to Rs 1,348.4 billion (4.2 percent of GDP) in FY2017, growth of 6.7 percent. Share of mark-up payments in total and current expenditures remained at 20.0 and 25.6 percent, respectively in FY2018 compared with 19.8 and 25.9 percent, respectively in FY2017. For FY2019, marks up payments are budgeted at 4.2 percent of GDP. Current subsidies posted a negative growth of 25.7 percent in FY2018 as compared with negative growth of 25.8 percent in FY2017. Share of subsidies in current expenditures reduced from 3.0 percent in FY2017 to 2.0 percent in FY2018. It is expected to remain at Rs 174.7 billion (2.8 percent of current expenditures) in FY2019. On the other hand, overall development expenditures and net lending posted a negative growth of 3.5 percent in FY2018 compared with the positive growth of 27.9 percent in FY2017. Development expenditures excluding net lending posted negative growth of 6.5 percent in FY2018 and stood at Rs 1,584.1 billion (4.6 percent of GDP) as compared with growth of 30.1 percent to Rs 1,693.5 billion (5.3 percent of GDP) in FY2017. 53
86. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Table 4 .2: Trends in Components of Expenditure (As % of GDP) Year Total Expenditure (A) Current Expenditure Markup Payments (C) Defence (D) Development Expenditure * FY2006 17.1 12.6 2.9 2.9 FY2007 18.1 14.9 4.0 2.7 FY2008 21.4 17.4 4.6 2.6 FY2009 19.2 15.5 4.8 2.5 FY2010 20.2 16.0 4.3 2.5 FY2011 18.9 15.9 3.8 2.5 FY2012 21.6 17.3 4.4 2.5 FY2013 21.5 16.4 4.4 2.4 FY2014 20.0 15.9 4.6 2.5 FY2015 19.6 16.1 4.8 2.5 FY2016 19.9 16.1 4.3 2.6 FY2017 21.3 16.3 4.2 2.8 FY2018 21.6 16.9 4.3 3.0 FY2019 B.E 21.2 16.5 4.2 2.9 * excluding net lending Source: Budget Wing, Finance Division and EA Wing's Calculations 4.4 4.7 4.2 3.4 4.1 2.8 3.9 3.5 4.5 4.1 4.5 5.3 4.6 4.8 Non Interest NonDefenceExp (A-C-D) Fiscal Deficit 11.2 11.4 14.2 11.8 13.4 12.6 14.6 14.7 12.9 12.3 13.0 14.3 14.3 14.1 4.0 4.1 7.3 5.2 6.2 6.5 8.8 8.2 5.5 5.3 4.6 5.8 6.5 4.9 Revenue Deficit/ Surplus (TR-Total CE) Primary Balance (TR-NI Exp) 0.5 -0.8 -3.3 -1.4 -2.1 -3.5 -4.5 -3.0 -1.5 -1.8 -0.9 -0.8 -1.8 -0.2 -1.1 -0.1 -2.7 -0.3 -1.9 -2.7 -4.3 -3.8 -1.0 -0.6 -0.3 -1.6 -2.2 -0.7 Within development expenditure, total Public Sector Development Program (PSDP) expenditures posted a negative growth of 7.7 percent in FY2018 and stood at Rs 1,456.2 billion as compared with Rs 1,577.7 billion (growth of 33.1 percent) recorded in FY2017. Federal PSDP (net excluding development grants to provinces) spending witnessed negative growth of 20.6 percent (Rs 576.1 billion) in FY2018 against growth of 22.3 percent (Rs 725.6 billion) in FY2017. Provincial PSDP registered a growth of 3.3 percent in FY2018 compared with 43.8 percent in FY2017. Despite contraction in development spending, released amount for BISP (development expenditures outside PSDP) posted a significant growth of 53.7 percent to Rs 107 billion in FY2018 from Rs 69.6 billion in FY2014. Fig-4.2: Expenditures % of GDP Current Expenditure Development Expenditure Total Expenditure 25 21.6 21.5 21.6 21.3 20.0 21.2 19.9 19.6 20 15 10 17.3 16.4 16.1 15.9 16.9 16.3 16.1 16.5 5 3.9 5.1 4.9 4.5 4.2 5.3 4.7 4.7 0 FY2012 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015 FY2016 FY2017 FY2018 FY2019 B.E Both provincial tax collection and expenditures accelerated in FY2018. The provincial tax revenue increased by 24.7 percent in FY2018 compared to 13.6 percent in FY2017. On the other hand, provincial total expenditures increased by 19.6 percent in FY2018 as compared to 11.3 percent increase last year. Hence, provincial governments collectively posted a cumulative deficit of Rs 17.5 billion against the revised surplus target of Rs 273.9 billion in FY2018, an increased from provincial fiscal deficit in FY2017, of Rs 15.9 billion. Provincial deficits during the last two years are weighing on consolidated budget deficit and deteriorating the fiscal position. 54
87. Fiscal Development The budget deficit of Rs 2 ,260.4 billion financed from both domestic and external sources. Government borrowed Rs 785.2 billion (34.7 percent of budget deficit) from external sources. While, Rs 1,475.2 billion or (65.3 percent of budget deficit) generated from domestic sources. Within banks, government primarily borrowed from SBP for budgetary support. Primary deficit1 increased from 1.6 percent of GDP in FY2017 to 2.2 percent of GDP in FY2018. Simultaneously, revenue deficit increased to 1.8 percent of GDP in FY2018 compared to 0.8 percent in FY2017 due to uncontrollable current expenditures. Fig: 4.3 Revenue-Expenditure Gap (% of GDP) Expenditures % of GDP 20 Fiscal Deficit 16 12 FY2019 B.E FY2018 FY2017 FY2016 FY2015 FY2014 FY2013 FY2012 FY2011 FY2010 FY2009 8 FY2008 Revenue For FY2019, total revenue is estimated at 16.3 percent of GDP, of which tax revenue target Rs 5,342.6 billion or 13.9 percent of GDP and non tax revenue 2.4 percent of GDP. Total expenditures at 21.2 percent of GDP with current expenditures at 16.5 percent of GDP and development expenditures and net lending estimated at 4.7 percent of GDP. Allocation for PSDP increased to Rs 1,650.0 billion, Federal PSDP2 allocation Rs 800 billion and provincial ADP at Rs 850.0 billion as per budget estimates at the start of CFY. Provincial surplus is estimated at Rs 285.604 billion. Therefore, consolidated budget deficit target is estimated Rs 1,890.2 billion (4.9 percent of GDP). The budget deficit to be financed from both external and domestic sources. Within financing, Rs 342.1 billion (18.1 percent of budget deficit) and Rs 1,548.1 billion (81.9 percent of budget deficit) was targeted from external sources and domestic sources, respectively. Within domestic sources, bank and non-bank to contribute 65.6 and 34.4 percent, respectively. Revenue deficit and primary deficit budgeted at 0.2 and 0.7 percent of GDP, respectively for FY2019. The present government is focused on improving the fiscal accounts particularly, focusing on improving the tax revenues. The tax system is being streamlined. As a first step, tax policy and tax administration functions have been separated so as to remove the apparent conflict of interest in tax collection. Tax policy is being designed to be fair, equitable and productive. The revenue and fairness objectives are pursued by expanding the tax base, reducing tax exemptions and through more efficient tax administration. Tax administration is being strengthened by allowing its access to third-party data and modern tools to identify and tapping tax defaulters. Fiscal reforms will ensure an 1 The primary balance is the balance excluding interest payments , while the revenue balance is total revenue less current expenditures. 2Total Federal PSDP 2018-19 would be Rs 1,030 billion out of which Rs 230 billion would be self-financing by the corporation/authorities and Rs 800 billion would be provided through budget 2018-19. 55
88. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 efficient and fair tax system which will be capable of generating sufficient revenue to meet a large portion of public expenditure and investment needs , leading to a decline in fiscal deficit and falling debt-to-GDP ratio. On expenditure side, the government plans to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of public expenditure by framing laws to give greater autonomy to the spending units, but with greater accountability, enforcing rules to stem leakages from the system, improving coordination between the federal government and the provinces and reorienting expenditure priorities towards social welfare. The government plans to manage public expenditures prudently with increased efficiency and effectiveness. State Owned Enterprises are expected to increase efficiency and be self-reliant and capable of performing at par with private sector. These efforts would expand fiscal space which in turn would help the government to better protect the poor and vulnerable from economic and noneconomic shocks3. Fiscal Performance (July-March, FY2019) Consolidated fiscal position during first nine months of current fiscal year shows zero growth in total revenue and 8.7 percent growth in total expenditures over same period last year. As a result, fiscal deficit during this period reached 5.0 percent of GDP as compared with 4.3 percent in comparable period of last year. Table 4.3: Consolidated Revenue & Expenditure of the Government FY2019 July-March (Rs billion) B.E FY2019 FY2018 A. Total Revenue 6,245.7 3,583.7 3,582.4 % of GDP 16.3 9.3 10.3 a) Tax Revenue 5,342.6 3,162.1 3,076.2 % of GDP 13.9 8.2 8.9 Federal 4,888.6 2,874.4 2,796.3 of which FBR Revenues 4,435.0 2,704.5 2,627.6 other Federal 453.6 169.9 168.6 Provincial Tax Revenue 454.0 287.7 280.0 b) Non-Tax Revenue 903.1 421.6 506.2 % of GDP 2.4 1.1 1.5 B. Total Expenditure 8,135.9 5,506.2 5,063.3 % of GDP 21.2 14.3 14.6 a) Current Expenditure 6,328.6 4,798.4 4,075.4 % of GDP 16.5 12.4 11.8 Federal 4,150.6 3,180.9 2,653.3 Mark-up Payments 1,620.2 1,459.2 1,172.8 % of GDP 4.2 3.8 3.4 Defence 1,100.3 774.7 623.8 % of GDP 2.9 2.0 1.8 Provincial 2,178.0 1,617.4 1,422.1 b) Development Expenditure & net lending 1,807.3 684.2 1,002.5 % of GDP 4.7 1.8 2.9 PSDP 1,650.0 578.5 931.4 Other Development 180.2 77.4 61.9 c) Net Lending -22.9 28.3 9.2 e) Statistical discrepancy 0.0 23.7 -14.6 C. Overall Fiscal Deficit 1,890.2 -1,922.5 -1,480.9 As % of GDP 4.9 -5.0 -4.3 Financing of Fiscal Deficit 1,890.2 1,922.5 1,480.9 3A roadmap for Stability, growth and productive employment, Finance Division, GoP 56 Growth in (%) July-March FY2019 FY2018 0.0 13.9 2.8 14.2 2.8 2.9 0.8 2.8 -16.7 13.5 16.2 -17.1 21.4 12.2 8.7 15.5 17.7 13.0 19.9 24.4 8.8 7.2 24.2 16.5 13.7 -31.8 22.0 30.3 -37.9 25.0 208.0 -262.3 29.8 24.7 8.3 -126.8 -265.6 19.6 29.8 19.6
89. Fiscal Development Table 4 .3: Consolidated Revenue & Expenditure of the Government FY2019 July-March (Rs billion) B.E FY2019 FY2018 i) External Sources 342.1 524.5 524.3 ii) Domestic 1,548.1 1,398.0 956.6 - Bank 1,015.3 787.7 813.5 - Non-Bank 532.8 610.4 143.1 Privatization Proceeds 0.0 0.0 0.0 GDP at Market Prices 38,388 38,559 34,619 Source: Budget Wing, Finance Division Growth in (%) July-March FY2019 FY2018 0.0 138.1 46.1 -6.0 -3.2 17.1 326.5 -55.7 Total revenue increased to Rs 3,583.7 billion (9.3 percent of GDP) during first nine months of FY2019 from Rs 3,582.4 billion (10.3 percent of GDP) during comparable period of last year – an negligible growth rate as compared to the growth of 13.9 percent during the same period last year. Decelerated performance of total revenues is primarily due to marginal growth of 2.8 percent in tax revenues and negative growth of 16.7 percent in non-tax revenues. Tax revenue registered a growth of 2.8 percent during Jul-Mar, FY2019 (to Rs 3,162.1 billion or 8.2 percent of GDP) compared with Rs 3,076.2 billion (8.9 percent of GDP) in the same period last year. Sluggish growth in overall tax collection came mainly from slow FBR tax collection (see below for detailed analysis of FBR taxes) Within overall tax revenue, federal taxes grew by 2.8 percent during the period under review against 13.5 percent growth during same period of last year. FBR tax collection increased to Rs 2,704.5 billion (7.0 percent of GDP) during first nine month of CFY compared with Rs 2,627.6 billion (7.6 percent of GDP) in the same period of FY2018. Provincial tax revenue registered a growth of 2.8 percent during Jul-Mar of CFY against 21.4 percent during the same period last year. Non-tax revenue declined by 16.7 percent (during Jul-Mar, FY2019) from Rs 506.2 billion to Rs 421.6 billion. Major factors responsible for this sharp decline in non-tax revenues include negative growth of SBP profit which declined by 3.5 percent as depreciation of rupee had a strong effect on rupee income, negative growth of 33.7 percent in mark-up payments (PSEs and others) and a 4.2 percent fall in dividends received from PSEs and other investments. Total expenditures increased to Rs 5,506.2 billion (or 14.3 percent of GDP) during first nine months of CFY compared with Rs 5,063.3 billion (14.6 percent of GDP) during the comparable period of last year. This implies a growth of 8.7 percent in expenditure during Jul-Mar, FY2019 against the growth of 15.5 percent in the same period last year. Current expenditures grew by 17.7 percent (to Rs 4,798.4 billion (or 12.4 percent of GDP) compared with Rs 4,075.4 billion (11.8 percent of GDP) in the same period of last year. Federal and provincial government current expenditures grew by 19.9 and 13.7 percent, respectively compared with 8.8 and 22.0 percent during same period last year. Share of federal and provincial current expenditures in total current expenditures stood at 66 and 34 percent, respectively. The increase in federal government’s current expenditure was mainly on account of increase in interest payments, which grew by 24.4 percent to Rs 1,459.2 billion during Jul-Mar, FY2019 compared with Rs 1,172.8 billion during same period last year. Growth in interest payments was caused by continued increase in stock of public debt (both domestic and external), large increase in interest rates and a sharp depreciation in exchange rate. Defence expenditures grew by 24.2 percent against a growth of 16.5 percent last year. This acceleration in defence expenditure of heightened security concerns in the region. During JulyMarch, FY2019 subsidies reached Rs 96.8 billion, against Rs 88.7 billion during same period of FY2018, posting a growth of 9.2 percent. 57
90. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Development expenditures (excluding net lending) decreased to Rs 655.9 billion during Jul-Mar FY2019 compared with Rs 993.3 billion last year – a decline of 34.0 percent. PSDP spending witnessed a negative growth of 37.9 percent, with federal expenditure declining by 14.5 percent and provincial by 52.2 percent. To finance the higher fiscal deficit, the government mobilized financing of Rs 524.5 billion from external resources, which was at about the same level as last year. Another Rs 1.4 trillion were mobilized as borrowing from the domestic banking system and from public (mainly through national savings schemes) and some other non-bank resources. Banking system contributed domestic financing during the first nine months of FY2019 was 46 percent higher than last year. External resources contributed a little more than one quarter (27 percent) of total financing, banking system 41 percent and non-bank sources the remaining 32 percent. Structure of Tax Revenue Over the years, narrow tax base, large number of concessions and exemptions, tax administration challenges and weak tax compliance resulted in a low tax to GDP ratio. In this connection, the present government is aiming to introducing measures to remove these weaknesses and disincentives in the tax system. Fig-4.4: Tax - to-GDP ratio 16 13.9 14 12 10.2 9.8 10.2 FY2012 FY2013 FY2014 12.6 12.4 FY2016 FY2017 12.9 11.0 10 8 6 4 2 0 Federal FY2015 Provinces FY2018 FY2019B.E Total The government intends to implement such fiscal reforms that will ensure an efficient and fair tax system which will be proficient to generate sufficient revenue to meet a large portion of public expenditure and investment needs, leading to a decline in fiscal deficit and falling debt-to-GDP ratio (Box: I). Within FBR tax collection, direct taxes posted a growth of 14.3 percent in FY2018 as against a growth of 10.4 percent in FY2017. The pace of growth remained higher due to growth in withholding taxes (WHT), collection on demand (CoD) and voluntary payments (VP). For FY2019, direct tax expected to be higher by 12.9 percent than last year actual collection or amounted to Rs 1,735.0 billion (39.1 percent of FBR target). The share of direct taxes in FBR revenue has been rising gradually due to steps taken in the past like introduction of Universal Self-Assessment Scheme (USAS), promulgation of Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 where emphasis was shifted to voluntary compliance, automation of entire business processes and reduction of corporate tax rates from 49 percent to 30 percent in tax year 2018 and 29 percent in 2019 by providing level playing field to the taxpayers. Despite all these initiatives that contributed to increase the tax revenue collection from direct taxes, the share of direct taxes needs to 58
91. Fiscal Development be increased further to make taxes more progressive as well as equitable and further reduce reliance on indirect taxes4 . Fig-4.5: FBR Tax Collection 4500 13 Total (FBR) Rs billion 4000 FBR Rev as % of GDP 11.1 10.7 3500 8.8 8.9 8.7 8.5 2500 10.6 11 9.4 9.4 3000 11.6 9.0 9 2000 1500 7 1000 500 5 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015 FY2016 FY2017 FY2018 FY2019 B.E The tax structure in Pakistan is skewed towards indirect taxes. The share of indirect tax to FBR tax collection remained static around 60 percent over the last one decade. For FY2019, the share of indirect tax collection set at 60.9 percent. Within indirect taxes, sales tax posted a growth of 11.8 percent in FY2018 against 2.0 percent increase in FY2017. Strong aggregate demand and pass through of high international oil prices contributed in sales tax collection during FY2018. The share of sales tax which constituted 64.4 percent of indirect taxes during FY2018 reduced gradually from 72.3 percent in FY2014. Similarly, share of sales tax in total FBR tax is gradually coming down since FY2014 from 44.2 percent to 38.6 percent during FY2018. For FY2019, sales tax collection target set at Rs 1,700 billion which is 14.5 percent higher than last year collection and (constitute 63.0 percent of indirect tax and 38.3 percent of FBR tax collection target). The share of custom duty in indirect taxes has increased gradually from 17.6 percent in FY2014 to 26.4 percent in FY2018. It is pertinent to mention that the maximum statutory rates of customs duty have been gradually reduced from 125 percent in FY1988 to 20 percent in FY2016 till date. Consequently, the share of custom duty in FBR tax collection has reduced gradually from 45.7 percent in FY1991 to 15.8 percent in FY2018. Custom duty collection momentum continued with the same pace and registered a growth of 22.5 percent in FY2018 against 22.8 percent in FY2017. High aggregate demand, increase in general income level, high imports, higher commodity prices, exchange rate depreciation and fiscal measures such as regulatory duties on non-essential imports and an increase in additional custom duty by 1 percent led to increase in growth of custom duty.Custom duty collection is estimated at Rs 735.0 billion for FY2019 which reflects an increase of 20.8 percent over last year actual tax collection. On the other hand, the share of federal excise duty in indirect taxes declined by 9.3 percent in FY2018. The tax base of Federal Excise Duty (FED) contracted over the years and now is restricted to only few commodities like cigarettes, cement, beverages, and international travel etc. Share of 4 Year Book 2017-18 FBR, GoP 59
92. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 FED in total FBR tax collection has also fallen from 10 .1 percent in FY2009 to 5.6 percent in FY2018. FED registered a growth of 7.9 percent in FY2018 compared to 5.2 percent in FY2017. Collection from cement mainly fueled this growth momentum. FED is projected to Rs 265.0 billion which is 24.1 percent higher as compared with actual last year collection. The projected share is 6.0 and 9.8 percent of FBR and indirect tax collection, respectively for FY2019. Table 4.4: Structure of Federal Tax Revenue Year Total Tax Rev as Direct (FBR) % of GDP Taxes (Rs. Billion) FY2009 1,161.1 8.8 443.5 [38.2] Customs 148.4 {20.7} FY2010 1,327.4 8.9 FY2011 1,558.2 8.5 FY2012 1,882.7 9.4 FY2013 1,946.4 8.7 FY2014 2,254.5 9.0 FY2015 2,589.9 9.4 FY2016 3,112.7 10.7 FY2017 3,367.9 10.6 FY2018 3,843.8 11.1 FY2019 B.E 4,435.0 11.6 526.0 [39.6] 602.5 [38.7] 738.4 [39.2] 743.4 [38.2] 877.3 [38.9] 1,033.7 [39.9] 1,217.3 [39.1] 1,344.2 [39.9] 1,536.6 [40.0] 1,735.0 [39.1] 160.3 {20.0} 184.9 {19.3} 216.9 {19.0} 239.5 {19.9} 242.8 {17.6} 306.2 {19.7} 404.6 {21.3} 496.8 {24.5} 608.4 {26.4} 735.0 {27.2} Indirect Taxes Sales Excise 451.7 117.5 {62.9} {16.4} 516.3 {64.4} 633.4 {66.3} 804.9 {70.3} 842.5 {70.0} 996.4 {72.3} 1,087.8 {69.9} 1,302.7 {68.8} 1,329.0 {65.7} 1,485.3 {64.4} 1,700.0 {63.0} 124.8 {15.6} 137.4 {14.4} 122.5 {10.7} 121.0 {10.1} 138.1 {10.0} 162.2 {10.4} 188.1 {9.9} 197.9 {9.8} 213.5 {9.3} 265.0 {9.8} Total 717.6 [61.8] 801.4 [60.4] 955.7 [61.3] 1,144.3 [60.8] 1,203.0 [61.8] 1,377.3 [61.1] 1,556.2 [60.2] 1,895.4 [60.9] 2,023.7 [60.1] 2,307.172 [60.0] 2,700.0 [60.9] []as % of total taxes, {} as % of indirect taxes Source: Federal Board of Revenue FBR Tax Collection (July-April, FY2019) The preceding year FY2018, FBR tax collection remained below the target. The revised FBR target was estimated at Rs 3,935 billion compared to Rs 4,013 billion originally budgeted. For FY2019, FBR annual tax collection target has been set at Rs 4,435.0 billion (11.6 percent of GDP) and 15.4 percent higher than actual tax collection of Rs 3,843.8 billion in FY2018. With revenue collection experiencing significant challenges, the collection target was revised downward to Rs 4,398.0 billion (11.5 percent of GDP) showing an expected increase of 14.4 percent over actual tax collection of FY2018. During the period Jul-Apr, FY2019 FBR tax receipts were only Rs 2,976.0 billion, as against Rs 2,922.5 billion collected during the same period of FY2018, an increase of 1.8 percent. Actual tax collection during first ten months of CFY remained at 67.7 percent of revised target. 60
93. Fiscal Development Direct Taxes The direct taxes collection decreased by 2 .6 percent during the first ten months of FY2019. The collection has decreased from Rs 1,096.4 billion to Rs 1,067.8 billion. The major reasons for shortfall in collection of direct taxes has been the reduced rates on salary income announced in budget 2018-19, suspension of withholding tax by Honorable Supreme Court on telecom subscription, import compression and adjustment of tax amnesty. Tax-wise details are presented in the following Table: Indirect Taxes The gross and net collections of indirect taxes have witnessed growth of 3.4 and 4.5 percent, respectively. It is accounted around 64.1 percent of the total FBR tax revenues. Sales Tax Table 4.5: FBR Tax Revenues Revenue Heads FY2018 Actual A. DIRECT TAXES Gross Refund/Rebate Net 1,536.6 B. INDIRECT TAXES Gross Refund/Rebate Net 2,307.2 B.1 SALES TAX Gross Refund/Rebate Net 1,485.3 B.2 FEDERAL EXCISE Gross Refund/Rebate Net 213.5 B.3 CUSTOM Gross Refund/Rebate Net 608.4 TOTAL TAX COLLECTION Gross Refund/Rebate Net 3,843.8 *: Provisional Source: Federal Board of Revenue (Rs Billion) % July-April FY2018 FY2019* Change 1,155.1 58.7 1,096.4 1,141.4 73.7 1,067.8 -1.2 25.6 -2.6 1,880.3 54.2 1,826.1 1,944.2 35.9 1,908.3 3.4 -33.7 4.5 1,227.5 40.8 1,186.6 1,186.5 21.2 1,165.3 -3.3 -48.2 -1.8 163.4 0.0 163.4 184.0 0.0 184.0 12.7 -100.0 12.7 489.5 13.4 476.1 573.7 14.7 558.9 17.2 10.4 17.4 3,035.4 112.9 2,922.5 3,085.6 109.6 2,976.0 1.7 -2.9 1.8 Within indirect taxes, net collection of sales tax decreased by 1.8 percent. The gross and net sales tax collection during July-April, FY2019 reached to Rs 1,186.5 billion and Rs 1,165.3 billion, respectively showing negative growth of 3.3 percent and 1.8 percent, respectively. During July-April FY2019, around 56 percent of total sales tax was contributed by sales tax on import, while the rest was contributed by domestic sector. Within domestic sales tax collection, the major contribution came from POL products, cement, natural gas, sugar, aerated water, cigarettes etc. Federal Excise Duty The collection of federal excise duties (FED) during July-April, FY2019 increased by 12.7 percent growth. The net collection reached to Rs 184.0 billion compared to Rs 163.4 billion during the same period last year. The major revenue spinners of FED are cigarettes, cement, services, beverages, natural gas and edible oil. Customs Duty The gross and net collections of custom duty have registered a growth of 17.2 and 17.4 percent, respectively. The net collection has increased to Rs 558.9 billion during Jul-Apr, FY2019 from Rs 476.1 billion during the corresponding period of last year. The major revenue heads of customs duty have been vehicles, mineral fuels, iron and steel, electrical machinery, plastic, edible fruits etc. Box-I: Major Initiatives Taken by FBR The government is trying hard to enhance its tax revenues. In this regard, various reforms have been initiated to make FBR a modem and efficient organization for optimization of tax revenues while promoting taxpayers friendly environment in the country. Major reform measures induced in the recent years and to be introduced in coming years are:  Expansion of the Scheme of Differential Taxation for Filers and Non-filer for penalizing Noncompliant without adding any further burden on the compliant In order to increase compliance and enhance the tax revenues, the concept of filers and non-filers have been introduced. The cost of doing business for non-filers have been significantly increased in recent 61
94. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 years . This step was taken to encourage people to file income tax returns. Differential taxation for filers and non-filers have been introduced and number of filers increased from around 750,000 in FY 2012-13 to more than 1.87 million in FY 2017-18  Rationalizing Corporate Tax Rates To rationalize the import tariff structure and to reduce the general tariff slabs, peak tariff slab of 30% has been reduced to 20%. The existing tariff slabs are 4 with the peak of 20% and floor at 3%. In order to promote tax culture and corporatization, it has been decided to gradually reduce the tax rates for corporate taxpayers other than banks in the following manner Tax year 2013...........................35% Tax year 2014...........................34% Tax year 2015...........................33% Tax year 2016...........................32% Tax year 2017...........................31% Tax year 2018...........................30% Tax year 2019...........................29%  Broadening of Tax Base and Documentation of Economy For Broadening of Tax Base (BTB), FBR has taken several initiatives including use of third party data. Initially, the objective was to incorporate 300,000 new taxpayers in three years. The BTB drive was successful. During the years 2013-14 to 2016-17. FBR issued 596,464 notices and enforced 264,539 income tax returns. As a result of these efforts, the number of income tax return filers which was around 750,000 for the tax year 2012 has been exceeded to 1.87 million in the tax year 2017-18 and would further increase in coming years. To broaden the tax net, different rates of adjustable withholding of income tax for the income tax filers and non-filers on certain transactions have been introduced. These include sales and purchase of immovable property, registration and transfer of ownership of motor vehicle, cash withdrawal from banks and payment of profit on debt and dividend income. The higher rates of tax for non-filers compel non-filers to file returns. FBR has also chalked out a comprehensive plan to broaden the tax base through:          Creation of a central data bank Enforcement of return in the case of all NTN holders Preparation of directory of non-filers deductees Data to be obtained from NADRA, Telecom Cos, Banking Cos, Development Authorities, Schools, Clubs, Hotels etc Data of suppliers/buyers of sales tax returns of 5,000 big companies Raising expenditure on revenue collecting machinery from 0.8% to 1.5% of total revenue Registration of persons subjected to withholding of sales tax Registration of retailers under the new scheme introduced under Special Procedure Rules. Deployment of Technology to Identify Risk Areas to Support Risk Based Audit An audit plan has been reintroduced to accompany the self-assessment scheme and to overcome weak tax compliance. Substantial progress has been achieved for infrastructure upgradation and development with the introduction of the fully Inland Revenue Information System (Iris), which is available to all the field formations. A paradigm shift from simple random selection to Parametric Computer Ballot selection of cases and finally risk based selection in audit has been introduced. Moreover, litigation against General Audit Policies was successfully defended before different Courts of Law. Under the reform initiatives, Draft Audit policy for the Tax Year 2017 is under consideration and will be finalized after due deliberation/consultation with all concerned. Moreover, Risk-based Audit Framework is being devised to ensure a more targeted and focused approach with the help of World Bank. Training modules have been prepared to import Investigative Audit Training to officers with the help of World Bank.  Behavioral Changes In order to promote tax culture, compliance and to dispel the general impression about evading taxation by 62
95. Fiscal Development individuals having prominent position in the society . FBR has under taken following initiatives for bringing a behavioral change regarding the tax culture perception in the society: a) Publishing Tax Directory of Parliamentarians b) Establishment of Financial Investigation Cell c) Campaign against Tax Evaders  End to End Automation and Facilitation of Taxpayers with increased Use of Information Technology To simplify procedures and minimize contact between the taxpayers and the tax collectors, FBR management has made revolutionary changes in automation of tax procedures. Major achievements include: i. ii. iii. iv. Web Based One Customs (WeBOC) System of Clearance EDI - Electronic Data Interchange National Single Window (NSW) iv. Inland Revenue Information System (Iris)  Current initiatives − Creation of Tax Policy Unit within Ministry of Finance − Identification and scrutiny of evasion by High Net worth Individuals − Administrative measures to increase tax collection by identifying untaxed wealth overseas and by data matching to identify non-filers − Practical steps taken to curb Offshore Tax Evasion (UK and UAE properties, Panama and Paradise Leaks, etc.) and continuous monitoring of such cases − Plaza Mapping at Lahore, Karachi and Islamabad − Launch of Device Identification, Registration and Blocking System (DIRBS) to control smuggling of mobile devices − Introduction of Currency Declaration System and Advanced Passenger Information System at major airports of the country − Discouraging imports of luxurious goods through additional Regulatory Duties (RDs) − Addressing under invoicing by signing MOU with China for exchange of pricing information − Forensic audit in Sugar, Tobacco and Steel Industries to address leakages and tax evasion and in these industries − Implementation of Tobacco Track & Trace System − Resolving pending litigation − Collection of pending arrears identified as collectable arrears − Resolving 1.2 million automatically selected cases for audit U/s 214D These reforms will start paying dividends in shape of improved compliance, higher revenue growth and improvement in tax-GDP ratio. The tax revenues have increased significantly during last four years. The collection jumped from Rs 1,946 billion in FY2013 to Rs 3,844 billion in FY 2018, registering an overall growth of 97.5 percent. Similarly, tax-GDP ratio of the country which was just 8.7 in FY2013 jumped to 11.1 in FY 2018. With the help of these initiatives, FBR is moving towards a more efficient tax system; facilitating taxpayers, promoting investment and broadening the tax base in the years to come. It is envisioned that these resource mobilization efforts will result in further improvement of domestic tax revenues in coming years. Source: Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) Provincial Budget For FY2019, total expenditure of the provinces is budgeted at Rs 3,540.8 billion, an increase of 3.7 percent over revised estimates of Rs 3,413.4 billion last year. 63
96. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Table 4 .6: Overview of Provincial Budgets Items Punjab 2017-18 RE (Rs Billion) Sindh 2018-19 BE Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Balochistan Total 2017-18 RE 2018-19 BE 2017-18 RE 2018-19 BE 2017-18 RE 2018-19 BE 2017-18 RE 2018-19 BE 713.2 176.1 0.0 818.6 213.3 0.0 376.6 18.3 0.0 427.6 23.8 0.0 212.1 9.4 0.0 234.3 10.2 0.0 2,631.4 401.4 0.0 3,032.0 523.1 0.0 537.1 63.4 90.3 866.9 685.2 282.4 967.6 605.3 63.2 115.1 996.9 773.2 343.9 1,117.1 358.3 85.2 102.1 563.9 389.0 150.2 539.2 403.8 39.7 115.5 582.8 430.0 180.0 610.0 202.7 14.3 18.9 245.3 204.0 76.9 280.9 224.1 14.2 14.6 263.1 223.0 88.2 311.2 2,230.0 236.3 429.3 3,297.0 2,327.1 1,086.3 3,413.4 2,508.9 210.4 342.9 3,585.3 2,690.7 850.1 3,540.8 A. Tax Revenue 1,329.5 1,551.5 Provincial Taxes 197.6 275.8 GST on Services 0.0 0.0 (transferred by federal Govt) Share in Federal Taxes 1,131.9 1,275.7 B. Non-Tax Revenue 73.4 93.3 C. All Others 218.0 97.7 Total Revenues (A+B+C) 1,620.9 1,742.5 a) Current Expenditure 1,048.9 1,264.5 b)Development Exp 576.8 238.0 Total Exp (a+b) 1,625.7 1,502.5 Source: Provincial Finance Wing, Finance Division. The allocation for current expenditures at Rs 2,690.7 billion was 15.6 percent higher than last year. However, allocation for development budget was reduced by 21.7 percent to Rs 850.1 billion primarily in light of inability of provinces to spend a significant portion of last year’s development budget. The share of current and development expenditures in total expenditures remained at 76 and 24 percent, respectively. Overall provincial revenue receipts posted a growth of 8.7 percent to Rs 3,585.3 billion in FY2019 compared with Rs 3,297.0 billion in FY2018. Tax revenue was budgeted at Rs 3,032.0 billion in FY2019, which is 15.2 percent higher over last year and contributes around 85 percent in total revenue. On the other hand, non-tax revenue were budgeted at Rs 210.4 billion in FY2019, which is 11.0 percent lower compared to FY2018 revised estimates. Fiscal Federalism In accordance with the distribution of resources formula agreed under the 7th NFC award, the net transfers to the provinces were estimated at Rs 2,711.6 billion for FY2019 which was 11.5 percent higher than the revised estimates of Rs 2,430.9 billion for FY2018. A comparative position of composition of provincial revenues before and after implementation of 7 th NFC award has given in following figure: FY2010 All Others 6% Provincial ownTaxes 6% All Others 14% FY2018 Provincial ownTaxes 14% Non-Tax Revenue 5% Non-Tax Revenue 8% Federal Transfers 75% Federal Transfers 72% Table 4.7: Transfers to Provinces (NET) FY2012 Divisible Pool Straight Transfer GST on services Special Grants/ Subventions Project Loans and Grants Program Loans 1,063.1 145.6 53.9 47.8 4.6 1,996.3 125.1 FY2018 R.E 2,230.1 86.0 Rs billion FY2019 B.E 2,508.8 81.2 23.4 77.9 15.9 26.5 133.1 26.5 28.0 137.4 34.4 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015 FY2016 FY2017 1,117.5 103.5 83.7 61.2 71.3 4.2 1,287.4 124.4 1.5 53.8 85.2 59.1 1,476.6 97.4 0.7 33.7 61.9 18.1 1,751.5 100.4 0.1 32.6 60.2 29.6 64
97. Fiscal Development Table 4 .7: Transfers to Provinces (NET) FY2012 Japanese Grant 0.1 Total Transfer to Province 1,315.0 Interest Payment 12.9 Loan Repayment 36.1 Transfer to Province(Net) 1,266.0 Source: Various issue of Budget in Brief. FY2013 FY2014 FY2015 FY2016 FY2017 0.0 1,441.5 14.8 32.1 1,394.5 0.0 1,611.5 14.1 38.7 1,558.8 0.0 1,688.4 13.3 38.6 1,636.6 1,974.3 9.8 47.8 1,916.8 0.0 2,238.5 13.6 17.3 2,177.6 FY2018 R.E 0.0 2,502.2 16.2 55.1 2,430.9 Rs billion FY2019 B.E 0.1 2,790.0 16.8 61.6 2,711.6 Provincial Fiscal Operations Provincial tax revenues increased to Rs 401.4 billion during FY2018 compared with Rs 321.8 billion in FY2017, an increase of 24.7 percent. Moreover, federal transfers to provinces increased by 12.8 percent and increased to Rs 2,217.4 billion compared with Rs 1,965.8 billion last year. Under provincial tax revenues major contribution came from Sales tax on Services (GSTS) followed by Stamp duties and Motor vehicles during FY2018. Federal transfers contributed 84.7 percent and provinces own revenue receipts constituted 15.3 percent in total tax revenues during FY2018. Table 4.8: Overview of Provincial Fiscal Operations Items FY2013 Rs billion FY2014 FY2015 FY2016 FY2017 FY2018 A. Tax Revenue 1,365.7 1,596.2 Provincial Taxes 150.7 190.0 Share in Federal Taxes 1,215.0 1,406.3 B. Non-Tax Revenue 71.3 49.4 C. All Others 107.4 121.8 Total Revenues (A+B+C) 1,544.4 1,767.4 a) Current Expenditure 1,110.0 1,187.4 b) Development 371.5 430.5 Expenditure(PSDP) Total Exp (a+b) 1,481.6 1,617.9 Source: Fiscal Operations (various issues), Budget Wing 1,744.5 205.8 1,538.7 75.6 82.3 1,902.4 1,400.1 498.8 2,145.4 283.3 1,862.2 93.3 55.1 2,293.9 1,559.8 592.4 2,287.6 321.8 1,965.8 79.5 61.2 2,428.2 1,739.3 852.2 2,618.8 401.4 2,217.4 146.7 173.0 2,938.5 2,080.7 880.1 1,898.9 2,152.2 2,591.5 2,960.9 July-March FY2018 FY2019 1,928.9 2,066.9 280.0 287.7 1,648.9 1,779.1 126.6 65.3 110.7 66.1 2,166.2 2,198.3 1,432.7 1,630.0 577.8 276.0 2,010.4 1,906.0 Total provincial revenue grew by 21.0 percent during FY2018, of which tax revenue and non tax revenue posted a growth of 14.5 and 84.5 percent, respectively. Provincial expenditures increased to Rs 2,960.9 billion with a 14.3 percent growth during FY2018 compared with Rs 2,591.5 billion (growth of 20.4 percent) in FY2017. Current expenditures increased to Rs 2,080.7 billion in FY2018 (a growth of 19.6 percent) against Rs 1,739.3 billion in FY2017 (growth of 11.5 percent). Development expenditures increased by 3.3 percent and reached to Rs 880.1 billion in FY2018 as compared to Rs 852.2 billion (an increase of 43.8 percent) in FY2017. During FY2018, the provinces posted a cumulative deficit of Rs 17.5 billion against the revised fiscal surplus target of Rs 273.9 billion, and last year’s actual fiscal deficit of Rs 15.9 billion due to higher expenditures and slow pace in revenue growth. Fig-4.7: Provincial Tax Revenues Provincial Taxes (Rs.billion) 500 Share in Total revenues 13.3 13.7 15 12.3 9.8 10 FY2012 FY2015 322.0 FY2014 283.3 205.8 107.2 FY2011 190.0 64.6 100 150.7 5.3 401.4 8.0 300 200 10.8 10.7 400 0 5 0 FY2013 65 FY2016 FY2017 FY2018
98. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Performance during the period July-March , FY2019 Total revenues of provincial governments increased by 1.5 percent during Jul-Mar, FY2019 to Rs 2,198.3 billion as compared to Rs 2,166.2 billion (growth of 24.8 percent) during the same period of last year. The provincial tax revenues collection posted a growth of 2.8 percent during the period under review and stood at Rs 287.7 billion compared to Rs 280.0 billion last year. This growth primarily came from better collection of stamp duties, followed by excise duties and motor vehicle tax. GSTS which has a major share of 49.5 percent in provincial taxes, decreased by 4.7 percent during the period under review. In contrast, non-tax revenue declined by 48.4 percent during Jul-Mar FY2019 as compared to 113.6 percent growth registered last year. Federal transfers to provinces increased by 7.9 percent during Jul-Mar, FY2019 against 16.0 percent increase during the same period last year. On expenditure front, total expenditures declined by 5.2 percent to Rs 1,906.0 billion during Jul-Mar, FY2019 against Rs 2,010.4 billion (25.8 percent higher) last year. Provincial expenditures registered negative growth primarily due to development expenditures that reduced by 52.2 percent, which offset the sharp growth of 13.8 percent in current expenditures. Provincial expenditures negative growth translated into provincial surplus. During the period JulMar FY2019, overall provincial surplus increased to Rs 291.6 billion as compared to Rs 191.05 billion during the same period last year. For FY2019, provincial surplus is estimated at Rs 285.6 billion. Public Financial Management Reforms in the Federal Government5 The present government has given highest priority to reforms for improvement of governance, economic management and public service delivery. In this regard, the Prime Minister constituted an Economic Advisory Council (EAC) headed by eminent economists and policy experts. One of the sub-groups of the EAC was dedicated to Public Financial Management reforms. Over the past few months EAC has reviewed the Public Financial Management Reforms Strategy and held various meeting to articulate and clarify the roadmap for reforms. These reforms are aimed at improving legal basis, decentralizing authority to improve management, strengthening fiscal discipline, enhancing revenue mobilization, broadening results-based management system, and improving coordination between Federal and provinces on public finance issues. In addition, with support of the World Bank, Ministry of Finance in coordination with other relevant stakeholders, is implementing a Public Financial Management Reform Initiative under a Program for Results (P4R) modality. The main objective of the program is to improve system and process to improve management of public finances.  Assignment Account Procedure: Assignment account procedures have been revised to make them more robust and effective. There scope has now been extended to current budget allocations as well, to cater the needs of autonomous bodies receiving funds from the Consolidated Fund. However, assignment accounts are prohibited for Ministries/ Divisions/ Departments/ sub-ordinate offices/ projects/ organization where government funding is an exclusive source of financing and those who submit their claims to AGPR/AG/DAO. In addition, the Principal Accounting Officers have been required to establish an Internal Audit Cell to improve internal controls. The Revised Procedures explicitly prohibit AGPR/DAO to 5 MTBF secretariat, Budget Wing, Finance Division 66
99. Fiscal Development endorse any cheque which are drawn in the name of project authorities or drawer /payer for lump sum transfer of funds from the Consolidate Fund to commercial bank accounts. National Bank of Pakistan will also refuse to honor such cheques. The practice of allocating one-line budget will be discontinued to ensure transparency. Besides, the provisions with regard to control of expenditure, recording of expenditure and budgeting and reconciliation have been improved to ensure more accountability and transparency of public expenditure. However, the major intervention introduced through the revised procedures is subAssignment Accounts to facilitate those entities having field/regional offices, projects etc, spreading all over Pakistan. Sub/Assignment accounts will be allowed in exceptional circumstances on the recommendations of concerned Principal Accounting Officer. They will be constituted under the main assignment account and tagged with Customer Information Folio of the main assignment account by National Bank of Pakistan through IT system (core banking). The payments made from Sub-Assignment Account will be reflected in the main Assignment Accounts and expenditure booked accordingly. The process bypasses various internal controls therefore, the Principal Accounting Officer with the assistance of Internal Audit Unit, will ensure compliance of different provisions of the procedure for utmost transparency.  Procedure for Additional Budget through Supplementary Grants: The Hon’ble Supreme Court of Pakistan in its judgment in Civil Appeal No. 1428-1436 of 2016 defined the Federal Cabinet as “Cabinet”, therefore a procedure has been formulated to seek approval of the Cabinet by the Ministries/Division to obtain additional budget through supplementary grants. Conclusion Pakistan’s fiscal accounts remained under intense pressure over the years owing to poor revenue collection and over run in current expenditures which caused a sharp increase in fiscal deficit in recent years. In addition, they limited the fiscal space available for public investment and expansion of social safety net. The fiscal deficit which was brought down to 4.6 percent of GDP in FY2016 has increased to 5.8 percent and 6.5 percent during FY2017 and FY2018, respectively. Whereas, during first nine months of CFY, fiscal deficit as percent of GDP stood at 5.0 percent as compared 4.3 percent in comparable period last year. The present government has inherited the macroeconomic imbalances, however, the government is cognizant of this challenge and taken up on priority to revamp the fundamentals of economy. Sharp fiscal adjustment is dire need of time. In addition, improving fiscal federalism and strengthening provincial autonomy to rely less on federal transfers and more efforts on increasing revenues would help the federal government to meet additional financing requirements. 67
100. BLANK PAGE
101. CHAPTER 5 Money and Credit Monetary policy is an important tool to achieve price stability and manage economic fluctuations . Inflation targeting has emerged as the leading framework for monetary policy over recent decades in many advanced and in low income economies. Monetary policy role after global financial crises has extended as macro prudential policy which required strong institutional framework for financial stability and to achieve twin objectives of price and output stabilization. Pakistan’s economy witnessed a consumption led growth of 5.53 percent during preceding year FY2018. The incumbent government has inherited the economy facing multiple challenges including unsustainable twin deficits that pose serious risks to the economy. Hence, to correct the imbalances in the economy, authorities have taken steps to curtail the fiscal deficits and tighten monetary policy to contain demand. SBP has significantly tightened monetary policy, and allowed greater flexibility in the exchange rate adjustments to curb excessive aggregate demand and move towards macroeconomic stabilization. This trend is in line with the global trends. The global economic expansion has weakened and projected to slow down from 3.6 percent in 2018 to 3.3 in 2019, before returning to 3.6 percent in 2020. Following a notable tightening of global financial conditions during second half of 2018, conditions have eased in early 2019 as the US Federal Reserve signaled a more accommodative monetary policy stance and markets became more optimistic about a US–China trade deal. The US federal funds rate is expected to increase to about 2.75 percent by the end of 2019. Policy rates are assumed to remain at close to zero in Japan through 2020 and negative in the Euro area until mid-20201. SBP has adopted policy rate reversal and gradually increased it by a cumulative 650 bps since January, 2018. Despite increase in policy rate, Weighted Average Lending Rate (WALR) remained stable which translated into healthy private sector credit demand. Credit to private sector (CPS) increased to Rs 775.5 billion during FY2018 against Rs 747.9 billion last year. Significant increase in credit demand primarily came from working capital and fixed investment in the preceding year. During the period July-March, FY2019 CPS increased to Rs 554.7 billion compared with Rs 401.1 billion during same period of last year. Of which working capital loans received the major share and stood at Rs 369.0 billion compared to Rs 215.3 billion last year. While, fixed investment decelerated to Rs 83.1 billion against Rs 148.1 billion in the comparable period last year. 1 World Economic Outlook IMF, April 2019 Table-5.1: Policy Rate w.e.f Jun-13 Sep-13 Nov-13 Nov-14 Jan-15 Mar-15 May-15 Sep-15 May-16 Jan-18 May-18 Jul-18 Oct-18 Dec-18 Feb-19 Apr-19 21st May-19 till date Source: State Bank of Pakistan Policy rate 9.0 9.5 10.0 9.5 8.5 8.0 6.5 6.0 5.75 6.0 6.5 7.5 8.5 10.0 10.25 10.75 12.25
102. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Fig-5 .1:Trend in Key Policy Indicators 12 0 10 -500 -1,000 6 -1,500 4 -2,000 2 0 Million US$ percent 8 -2,500 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17 Dec-17 Current Account Balance (rhs) Mar-18 Jun-18 Y0Y CPI Inflation Sep-18 Dec-18 Mar-19 Policy rate Recent Monetary and Credit Developments During the period 01 Jul-26 Apr, FY2019 money supply (M2) increased by Rs 625.3 billion (growth of 3.9 percent) compared with Rs 601.8 billion (4.1 percent) in comparable period of last year. Net Domestic Assets (NDA) is the main contributor to M2 growth. Net Foreign Assets (NFA) point contribution is negative and stood at (-5.5 percent) during the period under review compared with (-3.3 percent) in the same period last year. NDA point contribution has increased to 9.4 percent compared with 7.4 percent last year. NDA point contribution growth partially offset by NFA negative growth, thus overall money supply grew by 3.9 percent during the period under review. Table-5.2: Profile of Monetary Indicators FY18 (Stocks) R Net Foreign Assets (NFA) -208.4 Net Domestic Assets (NDA) 16,205.6 Net Government Borrowing 10,199.7 Borrowing for budgetary support 9,393.0 From SBP 3,613.4 from Scheduled banks 5,779.6 Credit to Private Sector (R) 5,973.0 Credit to PSEs 1,068.2 Broad Money 15,997.2 Reserve Money 5,484.6 Growth in M2 (%) 9.7 Reserve Money Growth (%) 12.7 Source: Weekly Profile of Monetary Aggregates, State Bank of Pakistan 26-Apr-19 -882.4 1,507.7 908.0 1,073.0 3,204.7 -2,131.7 580.9 312.1 625.3 488.0 3.9 8.9 Rs Billion 27-Apr-18 -475.4 1,077.2 813.6 850.0 1,316.1 -466.1 498.5 153.2 601.8 260.5 4.1 5.4 On the other hand, reserve money posted an expansion of Rs 488.0 billion (growth of 8.9 percent) during 01 Jul-26 Apr, FY2019 against Rs 260.5 billion (5.4 percent) last year. SBP’s NDA posted a growth of 22.5 percent compared with 18.18 percent during the same period last year. whereas, SBP’s NFA decreased by Rs 743.8 billion compared with contraction of Rs 473.7 billion in the comparable period last year. Therefore, reserve money growth stemmed from NDA of the SBP whereas NFA outstanding stock remained negative during the period under review. 70
103. Money and Credit Fig-5 .2:Net Foreign Asset 1500 Flows 1000 Stocks 500 0 -500 -1000 -1500 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Jul-26 Apr 2018-19 Jul-27 Apr 2017-18 Within Broad Money, NFA of the banking sector further contracted to Rs 882.4 billion during 01 Jul-26 Apr, FY2019. During same period last year, it was contracted by Rs 475.4 billion. Therefore, SBA and scheduled bank’s NFA remained negative during the period under review. During the period 01 Jul-26 Apr, FY2019 NDA of the banking sector registered an expansion of Rs 1,507.7 billion (growth of 9.3 percent) compared with Rs 1,077.2 billion (7.7 percent) during the comparable period last year. NDA of SBP increased by Rs 1,132.5 billion as compared with Rs 661.5 billion during same period last year. The NDA of scheduled banks witnessed an expansion of Rs 375.1 billion compared to expansion of Rs 415.7 billion in the same period of last year. Government sector borrowing and private sector credit mutually impacted NDA growth of the banking system, which was more than offset the contraction in NFA of the banking system. Consequently, broad money growth increased to 3.9 percent during 01 Jul-26 Apr, FY2019 as compared to 4.1 percent during the comparable period last year. Credit to Public Sector Enterprises (PSEs) increased by Rs 312.1 billion during the period 01 Jul-26 Apr, FY2019 against Rs 153.2 billion during the same period of last year. Government Bank Borrowing During 01 Jul-26 Apr, FY2019 government borrowed Rs 1,073.0 billion for budgetary support compared to Rs 850.0 billion in the same period last year, of which, government has borrowed from SBP Rs 3,204.7 billion as compared to Rs 1,316.1 billion last year. On the other hand, government retired Rs 2,131.7 billion to scheduled banks against retirement of Rs 466.1 billion in last year. Net government sector borrowing thus remained at Rs 908.0 billion during the period under review compared with Rs 813.6 billion last year. Fig-5.3: Government Borrowings (Flows) 1500 4000 1000 3000 Rs.billion 2000 500 1000 0 0 -500 -1000 From SBP -1000 From Scheduled banks -2000 Total borrowings (rhs) -3000 -1500 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 71 2017-18 (Jul-26 Apr) 2018-19 (Jul-27 Apr) 2017-18
104. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Commodity Finance The outstanding stock of commodity finance recorded a growth of 19 .4 percent in FY2018 to Rs 819.7 billion compared with Rs 686.5 billion (growth of 7.8 percent) last year. In flows term, loan for commodity finance increased from Rs 49.9 billion in FY2017 to Rs 133.2 billion during FY2018. During the period 01 Jul-26 Apr, FY2019 loans for commodity finance observed a net retirement of Rs 166.7 billion compared to the net retirement of Rs 40.9 billion during the same period of last year. The outstanding stock of commodity financing stood at Rs 652.9 billion as compared to Rs 645.6 billion last year. Fig-5.4:Commodity Finance 150 900 100 800 700 50 600 0 500 -50 400 300 -100 Flows -150 Stocks (rhs) 200 100 -200 0 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Jul-26 Apr Jul-27 Apr 2018-19 2017-18 Loans for wheat financing witnessed a net retirement of Rs 174.1 billion during the period 01 Jul-31 Mar, FY2019 compared with the retirement of Rs 55.4 billion in the comparable period of last year. The outstanding stock of wheat increased to Rs 553.24 billion compared with Rs 536.8 billion in the same period of last year. The fertilizer financing observed net borrowing of Rs 5.1 billion during 01 Jul-31 Mar, FY2019 compared to the retirement of Rs 1.4 billion in the corresponding period of last year. Whereas, financing for sugar sector stood at Rs 2.75 billion against retirement of Rs 1.8 billion in the same period of last year. Retirement of wheat loans are the sole contributor for net contraction in loans for commodity finance, whereas other commodities witnessed net borrowing during the period under review. Momentous increase in wheat loans retirement was due to significant offloading of wheat stocks to international markets on the back of recovery in global prices2. Credit to Private Sector3 Sufficient liquidity in interbank market with low and stable WALR remained instrumental for private sector credit cycle during FY 2018 as it touched to 8 years high credit to GDP ratio to 17.3 percent in FY2018. Private sector credit increased to Rs 775.5 billion in FY2018 compared with Rs 747.9 billion in FY2017. Significant increase in credit demand primarily stemmed from increase economic activities and industrial expansion requirement. Financing requirement for fixed investment grew but at slower pace. Credit demand for fixed investment reached to Rs 227.9 billion in FY2018 against Rs 253.0 billion in FY2017. Textile, sugar, cement and power sectors availed fixed investment loans 2 Wheat price has been increased from $166.6/mt in 2016 to $205.8/mt in March 2019. 3 Islamic Financing, Advances (against Murabaha etc.), Inventories and other related Items previously reported under Other Assets have been reclassified as credit to private sector. 72
105. Money and Credit due to unchanged end users mark-up Long Term Financing Facility Rate (LTFF) and Export Finance Scheme Rate (EFS) during FY2018 despite increase in policy rate4. Working capital credit amounted to Rs 471.7 billion compared to Rs 367.4 billion during FY2017. Manufacturing sector remained the active borrower for working capital requirement. During the period 01 Jul-26 Apr, FY2019, flows of private sector credit has seen expansion of Rs 580.9 billion compared with Rs 498.5 billion during same period last year, witnessing average growth of 9.7 percent during the period under review against 9.6 percent last year. YoY CPS growth increased to 15.1 percent as on 26th April, FY2019 against 14.7 percent during same period of last year. Fig-5.5: Credit to Private Sector 900 25 800 700 20 600 500 15 400 300 10 200 100 5 0 -100 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 flows (In Billion) 112.9 121.3 235.2 -7.6 410.4 223.8 446.5 747.9 775.5 Private sector /GDP (rhs) 20.3 17.2 16.8 15.0 15.0 14.6 15.3 16.3 17.3 0 Sectoral Analysis Table-5.3: Credit to Private Sector Sectors End Month Stocks Jul-Mar (Flows) Average (JulMar) Growth Rates Rs Billion YoY Growth June-17 March18 June-18 March19 2017-18 2018-19 2017-18 2018-19 Jun18 Mar19 Overall Credit (1 to 5) 4,728.9 1. Loans to Private Sector 3,936.8 Business A. Agriculture 297.5 B. Mining and Quarrying 40.3 C. Manufacturing 2,287.9 Textiles 689.1 D. Electricity, gas and water 352.4 supply E. Construction 136.8 F. Commerce and Trade 307.9 G. Transport, storage and 210.8 communications I. Other private business 54.5 n.e.c 2. Trust Funds and NPOs 16.8 3. Personal 504.5 4. Others 6.2 5. Investment in Security 264.6 & Shares of Private Sector Source: State Bank of Pakistan 5,188.8 4,337.9 5,481.9 4,594.7 6,069.8 5,149.4 459.9 401.1 587.8 554.7 9.7 10.2 10.7 12.1 15.9 16.7 17.0 18.7 303.8 46.5 2,532.2 807.7 402.4 305.5 42.7 2,707.6 807.0 399.5 295.8 55.3 3,159.6 980.8 458.7 6.3 6.2 244.3 118.6 50.0 -9.7 12.6 452.0 173.9 59.1 2.1 15.4 10.7 17.2 14.2 -3.2 29.4 16.7 21.5 14.8 2.7 6.1 18.3 17.1 13.4 -2.6 19.0 24.8 21.4 14.0 150.6 346.7 230.5 164.4 377.0 234.2 152.6 434.1 230.9 13.8 38.8 19.7 -11.8 57.1 -3.2 10.1 12.6 9.3 -7.1 15.2 -1.4 20.2 22.4 11.1 1.3 25.2 0.2 44.6 45.0 49.9 -9.9 5.0 -18.2 11.0 -17.5 12.0 18.0 574.7 2.4 255.8 19.3 606.2 4.0 257.7 18.0 655.7 5.0 241.6 1.1 70.2 -3.8 -8.7 -1.3 49.5 1.0 -16.0 6.6 13.9 -61.8 -3.3 -6.7 8.2 24.5 -6.2 14.6 20.2 -35.1 -2.6 0.4 14.1 111.6 -5.5 4End-user rate for (LTFF) was 6 percent (5 percent for textile) while for (EFS) it was 3 percent during FY18, SBP. 73
106. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 During Jul-Mar , FY2019 overall credit posted growth of 10.7 percent compared to 9.7 percent during corresponding period of last year. Loans to private sector businesses grew by 12.1 percent during first nine month of CFY against 10.2 percent during comparable period of last year. Private Sector Businesses (PSBs), received 94.4 percent of CPS amounted to Rs 554.7 billion during Jul-Mar FY2019 against Rs 401.1 billion (87 percent of CPS) during same period of last year. Sectors which posted the higher credit expansion include Mining and Quarrying grew by (29.4 percent), followed by Manufacturing (16.7 percent) of which textile (21.5 percent), Commerce and trade (15.2 percent) and Electricity, Gas and Water Supply (14.8 percent). Sectors which remained the major beneficiaries of PSBs during first nine months of CFY include Manufacturing sector which received share of 81.5 percent (Rs 452.0 billion), followed by textile (31.3 percent or Rs 173.9 billion), Electricity, Gas and Water supply (10.7 percent or Rs 59.1 billion) and Commerce and Trade (10.3 percent or Rs 57.1 billion). Table 5.4: Loans* to Private Sector Businesses Description Total credit (Jul-Mar) FY18 (Jul-Mar) FY19 Working capital (Jul-Mar) FY18 (Jul-Mar) FY19 Total loans to private businesses 401.1 554.7 215.3 369.0 of which 1) Manufacturing 244.3 452.0 123.4 290.8 i) Textiles 118.6 173.9 73.7 101.8 Spinning, weaving and finishing 104.8 147.9 69.9 93.1 ii) Chemicals (55.9) 21.1 (33.9) 16.0 Fertilizer (69.2) 3.5 (47.4) 7.7 iii) Food products & beverages 64.2 95.0 4.7 54.5 Rice processing 31.1 41.4 22.8 30.4 Edible oil and ghee 16.3 19.4 11.7 15.3 Sugar 25.2 34.9 7.3 9.0 iv) Basic and fabricated metal 15.7 22.1 17.4 18.1 v) Rubber, plastics and paper 4.1 3.9 3.6 2.2 vi) Electrical equipment 28.2 (0.4) 25.2 0.5 vii) Cement 35.9 33.4 10.0 4.7 2) Electricity, gas & water supply 50.0 59.1 49.5 15.8 3) Transport, storage & 19.7 (3.2) (0.4) 8.7 communications Road transport 4.3 (3.9) (0.7) 0.1 4) Construction 13.8 (11.8) 8.4 9.2 Road infrastructure (1.9) (0.1) (0.6) 3.2 5) Real estate activities 24.9 22.1 9.4 12.6 6) Agriculture 6.3 (9.7) 0.8 (1.5) *: Loans include advances plus bills purchased & discounted excluding foreign bills. Source: State Bank of Pakistan Fixed investment (Jul-Mar) FY18 (Jul-Mar) FY19 Billion Rupees Trade financing (Jul-Mar) FY18 (Jul-Mar) FY19 148.1 83.1 37.7 102.5 83.0 29.2 30.7 (11.8) (14.0) 35.5 0.8 2.4 11.2 (2.5) (1.2) 2.6 24.2 (1.1) 21.5 51.6 19.0 13.5 (0.1) (6.4) 12.3 0.1 (3.2) 14.1 2.6 (2.3) 1.0 20.8 48.2 (16.7) 38.0 15.8 4.2 (10.2) (7.7) 23.9 7.5 2.3 6.7 0.8 1.7 0.3 1.7 1.5 (1.4) 109.6 53.1 41.3 5.1 2.2 28.2 11.0 7.3 11.9 1.4 3.9 (1.9) 8.0 (5.0) 4.8 5.0 5.4 (1.3) 13.7 6.5 (4.1) (20.7) (3.6) 9.6 (9.2) (0.0) 0.0 0.0 1.8 (1.0) (0.0) (0.3) 0.3 (0.1) 1.0 By type of finance, total loans to private sector businesses increased from Rs 401.1 billion to Rs 554.7 billion during Jul-Mar, FY2019. Of which working capital credit received share of 66.5 percent of total private businesses loans to Rs 369.0 billion against Rs 215.3 billion in the same period of last year. Strong credit demand for working capital stemmed from manufacturing sector of which major contributors are textiles, food products & beverages, rice processing, refined petroleum, edible oil and ghee, fertilizer and motor vehicles manufacturers. Export oriented industries of textile and basmati rice availed higher credit due to higher raw material prices amid currency depreciation. Furthermore, firms expand their input purchases required to meet strong domestic and exports demand to EU. Significant increase in global crude oil prices also impacted on working capital financing. Automobile sector’s working capital increased largely owing to higher cost of components and accessories due to exchange rate depreciation, imposition of regulatory duties as well as cash margin 74
107. Money and Credit requirements on the import of completely- and semi-knocked down units5 . Fertilizer sector borrowed Rs 7.7 billion for working capital compared to the retirement of Rs 47.4 billion in the same period last year. Significant increase in fertilizer sector loans is due to revival in production and high input cost during the period under review. Loans for fixed investment decelerated to Rs 83.1 billion during Jul-Mar FY2019 compared to Rs 148.1 billion during the same period last year. Manufacturing related sectors include textile, food product and beverages, electrical equipment and cement alongwith electricity, gas and water supply and real estate activities continued to increase their long term borrowing during the period under review. On the contrary, transport, storage and communication, construction and agriculture sector retired their long term loans during the period under review. Table 5.5: Consumer Financing Description Consumer Financing 1) For house building 2) For transport i.e. purchase of car 3) Credit cards 4) Consumers durable 5) Personal loans 6) Other Source: State Bank of Pakistan July-March (Flows) 2017-18 2018-19 57.2 43.0 15.1 8.3 34.6 17.7 4.7 4.0 1.0 3.2 1.8 9.8 6.8 1.5 Rs Billion Growth (%) 2017-18 2018-19 14.7 9.0 24.9 10.0 23.0 9.1 15.7 10.6 56.9 116.9 1.2 6.1 165.0 19.7 Consumer financing credit demand contained to Rs 43.0 billion during Jul-Mar FY2019 (growth of 9.0 percent) compared to Rs 57.2 billion (growth of 14.7 billion) during same period of last year. Loans for auto financing usually had highest share in consumer loans decelerated to Rs 17.7 billion during the period under review against Rs 34.6 billion in the comparable period of last year. Similarly, the pace of house building loans slow down and stood at Rs 8.3 billion compared to Rs 15.1 billion in the comparable period of last year. Decelerated financing in house building and auto sector was observed due to government policies of banning on non-filers for purchase/registration on these two sectors through Finance Act, 2018. The restriction was relaxed to locally manufactured motor vehicle having engine capacity not exceeding 1,300 cc through finance supplementary (second Amendment) Bill, 2019. On the contrary, personal loans increased by Rs 9.8 billion compared to Rs 1.8 billion during same period last year. Expansion in personal loans significantly outpaced the deceleration impact of auto and housing financing on overall consumer financing. Monetary Assets Monetary asset (M2) includes currency in circulation, demand deposits, time deposits and resident’s foreign currency deposits. Money supply witnessed a growth of 3.9 percent during 01 Jul-26 Apr, FY2019 compared to 4.13 percent during same period last year. On YoY basis, it posted growth of 9.5 percent as on 26th April 2019. Currency in Circulation (CIC) CIC has seen expansion of Rs 389.5 billion (growth of 8.9 percent) during 01 Jul-26 Apr, FY2019 against Rs 279.0 billion (growth of 7.1 percent) during corresponding period of last year. Currency- 5 Second Quarterly Report FY2019, SBP 75
108. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 to-M2 ratio increased to 28 .7 percent as on 26th April 2019 against 27.6 percent in the same period last year. Table 5.6: Monetary Aggregates Items A. Currency in Circulation Deposit of which: B. Other Deposits with SBP C. Total Demand &Time Deposits incl. RFCDs of which RFCDs Monetary Assets Stock (M2) A+B+C End June Rs Million 26 April 2017-18 2018-19 4,190,278 4,777,295 2017 3,911,315 2018 4,387,828 22,692 10,646,875 655,340 14,580,882 26,962 11,582,372 829,355 15,997,162 23,732 10,968,673 768,196 15,182,684 34,101 11,811,023 938,268 16,622,420 26.8 0.2 73.0 4.5 2.3 27.4 0.2 72.4 5.2 2.3 27.6 0.2 72.2 5.1 28.7 0.2 71.1 5.6 Memorandum Items Currency/Money Ratio Other Deposits/Money ratio Total Deposits/Money ratio RFCD/Money ratio Income Velocity of Money Source: State Bank of Pakistan - - Deposits During the period 01 Jul-26 Apr, FY2019 bank deposits (including demand, time and Resident Foreign Currency Deposits (RFCD) increased to Rs 228.7 billion (growth of 2.0 percent) compared with Rs 321.8 billion (growth of 3.0 percent) during the same period last year. Of which, RFCD amounted to Rs 108.9 billion during the period under review compared to Rs 112.9 billion during the comparable period last year. This expansion in banks deposits supports the interbank liquidity. Table 5.7: Average Outstanding Open Market Operations1 FY16 FY17 Full Year 1,268.9 1,045.8 Q1 1,082.9 1,094.0 Q2 1,287.6 861.3 Q3 1,323.8 961.1 Q4 1,383.3 1,267.2 1 : The data does not include the impact of outright OMOs. *: Updated up to End-March 2018 Note: (+) amount means net Injections.(-) amount means net mop-up. FY18 1,228.7 1,440.9 1,530.5 1,123.5 813.1 Rs Billion FY19* 136.5 1,035.2 (257.6) (641.2) - Monetary Management Net liquidity conditions remained comfortable during first quarter of CFY and net injections increase to Rs 1.04 trillion compared with Rs 1.4 trillion during same period last year. In fact, government retired Rs 1.4 trillion to scheduled banks on account of sizable amount of government’s paper maturity during the period under review. Excess liquidity and stable WALR reflects in healthy flows of private sector credit. This trend continued during second and third quarter of this fiscal year. The government retired to scheduled banks which more than offset the liquidity requirement derived from both private sector and public sector enterprises. SBP continued with OMOs net absorption to keep the weighted average overnights rate close to policy rate. Accordingly, average outstanding OMOs remained negative by Rs 257.6 billion and Rs 641.2 billion (net absorption) during second and third quarter, respectively against net injection of Rs 1.5 trillion and Rs 1.1 trillion respectively, during the comparable period last year. 76
109. Money and Credit Table 5 .8: Market Treasury bills Auctions Jul-Jun 2017-18 Offered Accepted 3-Months 19,826,420 16,231,950 6-Months 12-Months Total 1,620,207 86,406 21,533,033 1,271,001 47,687 17,550,638 Rs Million W.A Rate* 6.4 6.4 6.0 Jul-Mar Accepted 2017-18 2018-19 Offered 2017-18 2018-19 13,339,720 14,960,868 10,976,213 1,371,631 86,054 14,797,405 111,444 8,870 15,081,182 1,198,292 47,687 12,222,192 13,802,53 3 6,527 0 13,809,06 0 W.A.Rate* 2017201818 19 6.1 8.7 6.0 6.0 9.2 0.0 *Average of maximum and minimum rates Source: State Bank of Pakistan Fig-5.6: Contribution of T-bills 120 100 89.8 99.95 2017-18 2018-19 80 Percent During Jul-Mar, FY2019 market offered the total amount of Rs. 15,081.182 billion for T-Bills against Rs. 14,797.405 billion in the comparable period last year. In the T-bill’s auction during current fiscal year, so far, the government has raised Rs 13,809.060 billion (91.6 percent of the offered amount) compared to last year accepted amount of Rs 12,222.2 billion (82.6 percent of offered amount). During the first nine months of current fiscal year, T-bills accounted 99.95 percent of the total accepted amount in 3 months followed by 0.05 percent in 06-months. 60 40 20 9.8 0.05 0.4 0.00 0 3-Months 6-Months 12-Months Almost the entire amount of Rs 13.8 trillion T-Bills comprised 3 months papers reflects the banks expectations of further policy rate hike in short run. Market offered total amount of Rs.1.6 trillion during Jul-Mar, FY2019 under PIB auctions as compared to Rs. 218.8 billion in the same period last year. However, fixed rate PIBS accepted amount stood at Rs 441.0 billion against offered amount of Rs 1,123.1 billion. Fixed rate PIBs witnessed heavy investment in 3 years as it contributed 41 percent of accepted amount followed by 30 percent in 10 years and 29 percent in 5 years. On the other hand, floating rate PIBS accepted amount remained at Rs 206.4 billion under 10 years maturity or 43.2 percent of Rs 477.6 billion offered amount. Importantly, banks’ bidding pattern in this auction clearly indicated that despite a 500 bps increase in policy rates between January 2018 and March 2019, medium term expectations regarding inflation and interest rates were quite entrenched6. Table 5.9: Pakistan Investment Bonds Auctions PIBs July-June Jul-Mar Offered Accepted W.A Rate Offered Accepted 2017-18 2017-18 2018-19 2017-18 2018-19 3 Years 235,367 37,915 6.9 157,928 520,617 23,376 180,322 5 Years 48,467 14,932 7.7 24,085 268,914 10,150 128,451 10 Years 65,101 48,885 8.3 36,761 328,538 22,095 132,237 10 Years (Floater) 477,574 206,434 Maturity (PFL)* 15 Years 20 Years 5,000 30 Years Total 348,935 101,732 218,774 1,600,643 55,621 647,443 *: The benchmark for coupon rate is defined in clause 'B' of DMMD Circular No. 9 dated May 07, 2018. Note: Accepted amount include non-competitive bids as well as short sell accommodation. Source: State Bank of Pakistan 6 Second quarterly Report, FY2019 SBP 77 Rs Million W.A Rate 2017-18 2018-19 6.4 12.1 6.9 11.0 7.9 13.0 - Benchmar k + 70 bps -
110. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Percent Fig-5 .7:Contribution of PIBs 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2017-18 42.0 2018-19 39.7 31.9 27.9 18.2 3 Years 20.4 19.8 5 Years 10 Years 10 Years (Floater) Maturity (PFL) Following an increase in policy rate, WALR on gross disbursements also increased from 7.00 percent in March 2018 to 10.7 percent in March 2019. Similarly, Weighted Average Deposit Rate (WADR) offered on fresh deposits also increased from 3.5 percent in March 2018 to 6.3 percent in March 2019. Resultantly, banking spread which is the difference between the lending and deposit rates increased to 4.4 percent in March 2019 from 3.5 percent in March 2018. Easy liquidity conditions in the interbank market did not allow a complete transmission of the policy rate hike on the WALR helped the private sector maintained its borrowing momentum during the period under review. Table 5.10: Lending & Deposit Rates (W.A) Fig-5.8: Lending & Deposit Rates 11 WALR 8 Spread 5 WADR Mar-19 Feb-19 Jan-19 Dec-18 Nov-18 Oct-18 Sep-18 Aug-18 Jul-18 Jun-18 May-18 2 Apr-18 Spread 3.5 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.1 3.7 3.33 4.5 3.0 4.4 3.6 4.4 Mar-18 LR DR Mar-18 7.0 3.5 Apr-18 7.2 3.4 May-18 7.2 3.5 Jun-18 7.5 4.0 Jul-18 7.7 4.0 Aug-18 7.9 4.9 Sep-18 8.1 4.5 Oct-18 8.8 5.5 Nov-18 9.1 4.6 Dec-18 9.7 6.7 Jan-19 10.7 6.3 Feb-19 10.5 6.9 Mar-19 10.7 6.3 Source: State Bank of Pakistan Similarly, the average lending rate on outstanding loans also increased to 10.69 in March 2019 from 7.6 percent recorded in March 2018. The average deposit rate increased from 2.95 percent in March 2018 to 5.01 percent in March 2019. Financial Sector During FY2019, finance and insurance sector posted growth of 5.14 percent. The banking sector has performed well despite some challenges during the CY18. Asset growth of banking sector moderated to 7.3 percent in CY18 compared with 15.9 percent in CY17. This deceleration is primarily stemmed from negative growth in net-investment (mainly in govt. securities) by 9.3 percent due to shift in government’s borrowing from commercial banks to SBP. On the contrary, the net-advances registered a healthy and broad-based growth of 22.1 percent during CY18 (18.4 percent in CY17). 78
111. Money and Credit The key thrust came from the textile , energy, chemical and food sectors as well as individuals. The deposits, with a growth of 9.6 percent, provided the main funding support to the asset expansion. The deposit growth was mainly contributed by relatively more stable Current Account – Saving Account (CASA) deposits. The asset quality has also improved further with Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) to Advances ratio sliding to 8.0 percent as of end December 2018 (8.4 percent in CY17). Prudent risk-based regulations have also helped the banking sector to maintain a strong solvency profile. Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) improved to 16.2 percent as of end December-2018; well above the minimum required level of 11.90 percent and global benchmark of 10.5 percent. Table 5.11: Highlights of the Banking Sector Industry CY14 CY15 Key Variables (Rs. billion) Total Assets 12,106 14,143 Investments (net) 5,310 6,881 Advances (net) 4,447 4,816 Deposits 9,230 10,389 Equity 1,207 1,323 Profit Before Tax (ytd) 247 329 Profit After Tax (ytd) 163 199 Non-Performing Loans 605 605 Non-Performing Loans (net) 122 91 Key FSIs (Percent) NPLs to Loans (Gross) 12.3 11.4 Net NPLs to Net Loans 2.7 1.9 Net NPLs to Capital 10.1 7.7 Provision to NPL 79.8 84.9 ROA (Before Tax) 2.2 2.5 Capital Adequacy Ratio (all banks) 17.1 17.3 Advances to Deposit Ratio 48.2 46.4 Source: State Bank of Pakistan Note: Statistics of profits are on year-to-date (ytd) basis. Financial Development A well-functioning financial system is considered as one of the key foundations for sustainable economic development. Many empirical studies indicate that there is a longrun positive relationship between financial development and economic growth. Financial depth or deepening can be measured through many proxies, but M2-to-GDP ratio is considered as the most comprehensive and commonly used measure. Increasing M2/GDP ratio mainly indicates more developed and efficient financial sector. CY16 CY17 CY18 15,831 7,509 5,499 11,798 1,353 314 190 605 90 18,342 8,729 6,513 13,012 1,381 267 158 593 76 19,682 7,914 7,955 14,254 1,406 243 150 680 110 10.1 1.6 7.3 85.0 2.1 16.2 46.6 8.4 1.2 5.8 87.2 1.6 15.8 50.1 8 1.4 7.8 83.8 1.3 16.2 55.8 Table 5.12: Financial Depth Years M2/GDP 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 26th April 2017-18 2018-19 Source: EA Wing Calculation, Finance Division 38.9 36.6 38.1 39.6 39.6 41.0 44.1 45.7 46.2 43.9 39.4 This ratio is gradually increasing in Pakistan since FY2012 and reached at 46.2 percent in FY2018 as compared 38.1 percent in FY2012 on account of SBP financial sector reforms. Whereas, monetary assets/GDP ratio stood at 39.4 percent as on 26th April, 2019 against 43.9 percent last year. 79
112. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) continued to strengthen its regulatory and supervisory regime during the FY2019. Further, SBP continued to align its regulatory and supervisory structure with the international best practices to strength the financial depth. Box-I: Financial Reforms During July-March FY2019, various regulatory and policy reforms were undertaken by SBP have been highlighted: ➢ Strengthening of Regulatory and Supervisory Environment A conducive regulatory and supervisory environment is essential for the development of financial industry and overall financial stability. SBP remains committed to ensuring up to date regulatory and policy settings. In this regard, the key reforms introduced by SBP are given below: • Regulatory Reforms 1. SBP has initiated various regulatory changes to align Anti Money laundering (AML) and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (CFT) regulations with the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) recommendations. The following measures were taken in this regard:  SBP advised all banks/DFIs to conduct biometric verification of all existing accounts till 30 th June 2019. Further, it has been reiterated that banks/DFIs must ensure strict observance of all applicable instructions including identification and verification of customers and their beneficial owner(s) and obtain information on the purpose and intended nature of business relationship 7.  SBP has made various amendments in the existing AML/CFT regulations to cover potential risk areas. These amendments will ensure better understanding for implementation of AML/CFT requirements by banks/ DFIs in areas, including customer due diligence (CDD), correspondent banking, wire transfers/ funds transfers and minimum documents required for opening of accounts by the customers. Further, the existing Prudential Regulations on AML/CFT for MFBs were also strengthened.  In terms of changes made in Fit & Proper Test (FPT) criteria, bank’s sponsor shareholders/beneficial owners, directors, presidents and key executives (appointments subject to FPT) would stand disqualified if they are designated/proscribed or associated directly or indirectly with designated/proscribed entities/persons under United Nations Security Council Resolution or Anti-Terrorism Act 1997.  In order to ensure strict compliance of Statutory Regulatory Orders (SROs) and Notifications issued by the Government of Pakistan under the United Nations (Security Council) Act, 1948 and the Anti-Terrorism Act (ATA), 1997, detailed guidelines for Exchange Companies were issued on Targeted Financial Sanctions (TFS). 2. SBP has issued a comprehensive Governance Framework for Bank’s overseas operations in 2018. The framework will be helpful for the improvement in governance structure and risk management in the overseas operations of banks. 3. To promote mortgage financing, Pakistan Mortgage Refinance Company (PMRC) commenced its operations in 2018. To facilitate mobilization of low cost housing finance in Pakistan, all banks, MFBs and DFIs have been exempted from maintenance of Cash Reserve Requirements (CRR) and Statutory Liquidity Requirements (SLR) on funds borrowed from PMRC 8. 4. Following improvements have been made in the foreign exchange regime:  Keeping in view the changing dynamics of the foreign exchange market, SBP has revised the Foreign Exchange (FE) Manual in consultation with different stakeholders. The revisions were introduced in areas related to instructions regarding Authorized Dealers, Foreign Currency Loans, Overdrafts and Guarantees, Forward Exchange Facilities etc.  The facility allowed the importers to make advance payments for imports against letters of credit and invoices which was withdrawn in July 2018. However, the Authorized Dealers (Banks) were allowed to approach SBP for special permission on case to case basis where the matter merits consideration. Moreover, SBP relaxed the above restrictions and allowed import advance payments up to USD 50,000 for import of life saving medicines and devices. 7 BPRD Circular Letter No.18 of 2018 DMMD Circular No. 08 & No. 09 of 2019 8 80
113. Money and Credit ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢  Subsequently, on the basis of recommendation of Ministry of Commerce and in light of requests received from various industry stakeholders, SBP has further relaxed the import advance payment restrictions and has allowed the Authorized Dealers (Banks) to effect advance payments up to USD 10,000 per invoice on behalf of importers cum exporters for import of raw materials, accessories and spares.  In order to ensure that all outlets of Exchange Companies and Exchange Companies of 'B' Category carry out business activities as per their terms of authorization and public is also made aware of the same, all Exchange Companies were advised to display signboards, stating their names and type of outlet i.e. Head Office, Branch, Franchise, Payment Booth, Currency Exchange Booth etc. Moreover, to ensure efficient and transparent services to customers, instructions have been issued to display updated and detailed Schedule of Charges in their outlets. Supervisory Reforms  Branchless banking (BB) has emerged as a significant part of the wider banking system. Considering its increasing importance in the banking system, relevant inspection framework has been devised to improve supervision effectiveness and identification of risks.  SBP has made strides in development of Risk Based Supervision (RBS) framework. Under the umbrella of RBS, a comprehensive assessment of IT systems of the supervised financial institutions, Information Systems’ Inspection Framework (ISIF) was developed. Moreover, for institutional capacity building, SBP has entered in a Long Term Country Engagement Program (LTCE) with Toronto Centre (TC), Canada from July 2018- December 2020. Reinforcing Measures for Financial Stability and Systemic Risk Assessment  Strengthening Institutional Framework: SBP has established a Financial Stability Executive Committee (FSEC) to discuss financial stability developments and consider formulating policy responses to address relevant issues. In addition, a proposal for creation of a National Financial Stability Council comprising of SBP, SECP and Ministry of Finance is also under consideration.  Systemically important banks are critical for financial stability & overall economy. Owing to their large-scale interconnectedness, their failure can result in heavy losses to the real economy. SBP introduced the Framework for Domestic Systemically Important Banks (D-SIBs) in Pakistan in April 2018, for enhanced regulation and supervision, consistent with international standards and practices and dynamics of the domestic financial sector. Based on the designation criteria outlined in the framework, SBP has designated Habib Bank Limited (HBL), National Bank of Pakistan (NBP) and United Bank Limited (UBL) as D-SIBs. These banks are required to meet enhanced supervisory and regulatory requirements, including the Higher Loss Absorbency Capital surcharge in the form of additional core equity tier-1 capital (CET1) ranging from 1.5-2%.9  To operationalize the working of deposit protection and to promote consumer’s confidence in the banking system, the Deposit Protection Corporation (DPC) rolled out a deposit protection mechanism for banking companies (including Islamic Banks) effective from July 01, 2018. The mechanism is in compliance with its statute (DPC Act, 2016) and generally aligned with Core Principles for Effective Deposit Insurance Systems issued by International Association of Deposit Insurers (IADI).The guarantee amount has been determined by the Corporation at Rs. 250,000 per depositor per bank. The protected depositors shall be paid up to the guarantee amount in an unlikely event of a bank failure 10. National Financial Inclusion Strategy (NFIS) - Implementation progress:  Under NFIS, Pakistan is pursuing a target of ensuring 50% adult population is financially included by 2020 from the level of 23 percent measured under Access to finance Survey 2015, whereas the broader objective remains to achieve universal financial inclusion by promoting digital financial services and increasing priority sector lending like agriculture, SME, Islamic Banking & low cost housing finance. Following initiatives have been taken for the NFIS implementation:  Under the NFIS platform, SBP has developed the Asaan Mobile Account (AMA) Scheme, which provides an integrated platform allowing any person with a basic mobile phone to open a digital 9The 10 designated D-SIBs will be required to meet enhanced supervisory and regulatory requirements by end of March 2019. DPC Circular No. 04 of 2018 81
114. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 transaction account swiftly through a Unified Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD) code from anywhere, at any time.  In order to foster innovations for adoption of digital financial services, an Innovation Challenge Facility (ICF) was launched. The facility aimed to provide support to financial service providers, financial technology providers and institutions to develop new or expand on existing digital financial products, services and delivery platforms that will increase financial access for people living at the bottom of the pyramid. The facility has been widely advertised in leading newspapers to invite proposals. Total 11 proposals were received till December 2018, which have been reviewed by the Evaluation Committee that draws representation from SBP, Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA), Department for International Development (DFID) UK and private sector. ➢ NFIS Extended Action Plan 2023: Recently, Government of Pakistan has prioritized NFIS as part of its 100 days agenda to achieve inclusive economic growth through enhance access to finance & deposit base, promotion of small & medium enterprises, easy & affordable access to finance to farmers, facilitation in low cost housing finance and provision of Shariah compliant banking solutions. In this connection, the government has set following headline targets to be achieved by 2023:  Enhance usage of Digital Payments (65 million active digital transaction accounts, with gender segregation of 20 million accounts by Women)  Enhance Deposit Base (Deposit to GDP ratio to 55%)  Promote SME Finance (Extend finance to 700,000 SMEs; 17% of the private sector credit)  Increase Agricultural Finance (Serve 6 million farmers through digitalized solutions; enhance annual disbursement to Rs.1.8 trillion)  Enhance share of Islamic Banking (25 percent of the banking industry; increase branches of Islamic banks to 30 percent of the banking industry) The plan has been developed after comprehensive industry wide consultation and analysis, while specific timelines and responsibilities have been allocated against each target. Source: State Bank of Pakistan Islamic Banking Islamic Banking Industry (IBI) has grown considerably since re-launched in 2001-02. Assets of IBI posted growth of 17.0 percent and stood at Rs 2,658.0 billion in CY18 compared with Rs 2,272.0 billion (growth of 22.6 percent) in CY17. On the other hand, deposits of IBI increased by 16.9 percent and reached to Rs 2,203.0 billion in CY18 against Rs 1,885 billion(19.8 growth) in CY17. Market share of Islamic Banking assets and deposits in the overall banking industry was recorded at 13.5 percent and 15.5 percent, respectively in CY 18 compared with 12.4 and 14.5 percent, respectively in last year. Table 5.13: Islamic Banking Industry CY14 CY15 CY16 CY17 CY18 Total Assets 1,259.0 1,610.0 1,853.0 2,272.0 2,658.0 (Rs. Billion) Total Deposits 1,070.0 1,375.0 1,573.0 1,885.0 2,203.0 (Rs billion) Share in Banks' 10.4 11.4 11.7 12.4 13.5 Assets(Percent) Share in Banks' 11.6 13.2 13.3 14.5 15.5 Deposits (Percent) Source: State Bank of Pakistan In terms of number of providers, 22 Islamic Banking Institutions (IBIs) (5 full-fledged Islamic banks, 16 conventional and one specialized bank (Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited) are providing Shariah compliant products and services through their network of 2,851 branches spread across 113 districts of the country. During CY18, 270 branches were added to branch network of Islamic banking industry. Further, Islamic Banking branches operated by conventional banks were recorded at 1,288 by end December 2018. 82
115. Money and Credit Investments (net) of IBI reduced by Rs 20 billion (-3.7 percent) during the period under review and recorded at Rs 515 billion by end December 2018 compared to Rs 535 billion in the previous quarter. Financing and related assets (net) of IBI witnessed expansion of Rs 146 billion (10.7 percent) during the last quarter of CY18 and stood at Rs 1,511 billion compared to Rs 1,365 billion in the previous quarter. Of which full-fledged IBs and IBBs of conventional banks registered growth of 11.3 and 9.7 percent, respectively for Table 5.14: Financing Products by Islamic banks financing and other related assets. Percent Share Mode of Financing CY14 CY15 CY16 CY17 CY18 Murabaha 30.1 24.5 15.8 13.2 13.6 Ijara 7.7 6.6 6.8 6.4 6.2 Musharaka 11 14 15.6 22 19.9 Mudaraba 0.1 0 0 0 0 Diminishing 32.6 31.7 34.7 30.7 33.3 Muskaraka Salam 4.5 5.3 4.4 2.8 2.4 Istisna 8.3 8.6 8.4 8.2 9.1 Qarz/Qarz-e-Hasna 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.1 0.0 Others 5.6 9.3 14.3 16.7 15.5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 Source: State Bank of Pakistan Profit before tax of IBI was recorded at Rs. 34 billion by end December 2018 against Rs. 23 billion in the same quarter last year. Profitability ratios like return on assets and return on equity (before tax) were recorded at 1.4 percent and 22.3 percent, respectively by end December 2018 compared to 1.1 and 17.1 percent, respectively during the same period last year. In terms of mode wise financing breakup, the share of Diminishing Musharaka remained highest in overall financing of IBI followed by Musharaka and Murabaha. Microfinance During FY 2019, besides initiatives aimed at enhancing financial inclusion. State Bank provided active guidance to Microfinance Banks (MFBs) to further strengthen their internal controls and deterrence towards Money Laundering, Terrorist Finance and other related unlawful activities. At the close of quarter ended December 2018, around 44 institutions reported provision of microfinance services. These included eleven deposit taking microfinance banks (MFBs), one Islamic Banking Institution (MCB Islamic Bank while others were Non-Bank Microfinance Companies (NB-MFCs)11. On a YoY basis, the sector was able to expand its retail business network to 4,239 adding 566 new business locations as of December 2018 compared to last year. Performance of the microfinance industry is presented in following table, which depicts increasing trend in all major indicators over the period. Table 5.15: Microfinance Industry Indicators Indicators Dec-17 Number of Branches Total No. of Borrowers Gross Loan Portfolio (Rs billion) Average Loan Balance Source: State Bank of Pakistan Dec-18 3,673 5,800,457 202.70 48,695 4,239 6,936,554 274.70 55,173 YoY Growth Absolute change 566 1,136,097 72 6,478 % 15.4 19.6 35.5 13.3 At the fall of CY2018 (i.e. 2nd quarter of FY19), eleven MFBs and MCB-Islamic Bank were involved in extending complete range of micro-banking services. 11 Include specialized microfinance institutions, rural support programs besides organizations running microfinance as a part of their multidimensional service offering. 83
116. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Table 5 .16: Microfinance Banking Indicators Indicators Mar-18 No. of Branches 916 Number of Borrowers 2,777,164 Gross Loan Portfolio 152 Deposits 189 Number of Depositors 25,492,075 Equity 36 Assets 255.03 Borrowings 14.05 NPLs 1.80% Source: State Bank of Pakistan Mar-19 1,087 3,371,695 201.27 236.02 36,111,999 48.44 325.22 19.95 3.28% Rs Billion Growth in (%) 18.67 21.41 32.70 25.10 41.66 35.36 27.52 41.98 - Initiatives for Promotion of Microfinance SBP has allowed MFBs to open accounts of Afghan refugees holding Proof of Registration (PoR) Cards, issued by NADRA as acceptable identity document. SBP has enhanced the lending limits under ‘Housing Finance’ for MFBs by increasing the maximum loan size from Rs. 500,000 to Rs. 1,000,000. Moreover, the restriction to maintain 60% of housing portfolio within the loan limit of Rs. 250,000/- is also being removed. The federal government vide Second Supplementary Finance Bill FY2019, has announced that with effect from 1st July 2019, reduced rate of taxation @ 20% (instead of 35%) on interest income of Banking Companies from additional advances to micro, small and medium enterprises; low cost housing finance and farm credits for four years (from Tax Year 2020 to Tax Year 2023) subject to fulfilment of certain conditions. This would further encourage MFBs to extend credit to priority sectors. To provide relief to adversely affected borrowers in eight calamity affected districts of Sindh namely Tharparkar, Umer Kot, Sanghar, Thatta, Jamshoro, Dadu. Badin and Kamber Shahdad Kot, microfinance banks were advised to undertake all possible measures in line with Prudential Regulation R-9; ‘Rescheduling/Restructuring of Loans.’ Branchless Banking (BB) Performance All key indicators of Branchless Banking exhibited promising growth during the FY 2019, which shows that the digital channel is gradually paving its way in the previously excluded masses to provide them an easier access to the basic financial services. Table 5.17: Performance of BB Indicators Indicators Number of Agents Number of Accounts Deposits (Rs Million) No. of Transaction (in Thousands) Value of Transactions (Rs Million) Source: State Bank of Pakistan Mar-18 403,100 38,507,887 17,051 532,743 2,269,482 Mar-19 408,980 51,809,393 30,263 842,267 2,980,743 Growth (in %) 1.5 34.5 77.5 58.1 31.3 Conclusion The overall macroeconomic environment remained challenging towards the end of FY2018. Twin deficits on fiscal and external front, emerging inflationary pressure and excessive aggregate demand contributed challenges for the economy. The government has started homegrown macroeconomic stabilization program. The thrust of stabilization efforts is on monetary and fiscal tightening to 84
117. Money and Credit control aggregate demand and inflation targeting . This allowed SBP to take a cautionary stance on changing the policy direction by increasing the policy rate by a cumulative 650 bps since January, 2018. Economy is responding to stabilization measure on external front but near term challenges suggests more macroeconomic adjustments for some time. Efficacy of monetary policy required prudent fiscal management, balance of payment support in coming years. 85
118. BLANK PAGE
119. CHAPTER 6 Capital Markets and Corporate Sector Economic growth in a modern economy hinges on efficient capital markets which pool domestic savings and mobilize foreign capital for productive investments . A sophisticated capital market supports government and corporate initiatives, finances new ideas and facilitates the management of financial risk, thereby ensuring that the funds are used for the pursuit of socioeconomic growth and development. In particular, there are two categories of financial instruments in which markets are involved: equity securities (also known as stocks) and debt securities (also known as bonds). Both of these instruments are issued for medium-term and long-term durations, usually having terms of one year or more. These financial assets induce savers to lend to the government and businesses, leading to an expansion of trade and industry in both public and private sectors. Two types of markets exist for these instruments, the primary and the secondary markets. In primary markets, stocks and bonds are issued directly from companies to investors, businesses and other institutions. In the secondary markets, existing securities are sold and bought among investors or traders. Over the past few decades, globally there has been an upsurge in capital market activity, mainly contributed by the emerging markets. This suggests the growing recognition of the capital market as a tool for fast-tracking economic progress in developing economies. In Pakistan, the capital markets consist of the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX), the National Clearing Company of Pakistan Limited (NCCPL), the Central Depository Company (CDC), and the Pakistan Mercantile Exchange Limited (PMEX). The Securities Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP) serves as a regulatory body for smooth functioning of these capital markets. Pakistan Stock Exchange Performance Pakistan entered a new era of equity trading after merger of Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE), Islamabad Stock Exchange (ISL) and Lahore Stock Exchange (LSE) into PSX on January 11, 2016, which enhanced the operating efficiency of Pakistan’s Capital Market and provided all players with a single, deep liquidity pool and fully integrated national equity trading platform. This merger, alongside other SECP reforms and Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI)’s classification of Pakistan as an Emerging Market in June 2016, has increased interest in Pakistan’s financial markets in the last couple of years. The PSX index has increased from 33,229 points as on January 1, 2016, to 38,649 as on March 31, 2019, a rise of 16 percent. Fiscal year 2016-17 witnessed steep rise in the index, peaking at 52,876.46 on May 24, 2017; however, it could not be sustained, and the index recorded an overall oscillating trend during fiscal year 2017-18. The start of new fiscal year 2018-19 witnessed the market again gaining momentum, reaching the highest point of 43,557 on July 30, 2018, after which it started moving down, and reaching period’s lowest closing point of 36,663 on October 16, 2018. The behaviour might be linked to new government’s policy actions in the form of regulatory
120. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 measures and exchange rate depreciation to correct the underlying imbalances in the economy , particularly fiscal and current account deficits alongside overheating of the economy. The index saw rising trend after business-friendly policies were introduced in the mini-budget of January 2019, though Indian incursions in Pakistani territories on February 26, 2019, and subsequent border tensions led to a decrease in confidence in the market, and index closed in at 38,649 points on March 31, 2019, whereas market capitalization was Rs.7,868.6 billion. The average daily value traded (T+2) in the first nine months of FY 2019 was Rs. 7.2 billion and the average daily turnover was 170 million shares. The average daily trade value in futures was Rs. 2.9 billion and the trading volume was 71 million shares during the period. The total funds mobilized between July 2018 and March 2019 in the national stock exchange amounted to Rs. 22,350 million, as compared to Rs. 14,222 million in the corresponding period last year. This comprised of capital of new listings totaling Rs. 1,467 million, debt amount listed totaling Rs. 14,000 million and right issues equating Rs. 6,884 million. The monthly trends of the leading stock market indicators are given in Table 6.1 and Figures 2 and 3: Table 6.1: Leading Stock Market Indicators on PSX (KSE-100 Index: November (1991=1000) Months 2017 - 2018 2018 - 2019 Jul 46,010.45 Aug 41,206.99 Sep 42,409.27 Oct 39,617.19 Nov 40,010.36 Dec 40,471.48 Jan 44,049.05 Feb 43,239.44 Mar 45,560.30 Apr 45,488.86 May 42,846.64 Jun 41,910.90 Source: Pakistan Stock Exchange Market Capitalization (Rs. Billion) Turnover of shares (Billions) 9,460.71 8,558.63 8,890.37 8,385.30 8,496.88 8,690.95 9,261.46 9,154.87 9,489.73 9,515.55 9,031.66 8,779.96 PSX-100 Index (End Month) 3.68 4.44 2.91 3.26 2.47 2.93 5.50 3.87 4.04 4.39 2.96 2.95 42,712.43 41,742.24 40,998.59 41,649.36 40,496.03 37,066.67 40,799.52 39,054.60 38,649.34 - Market Capitalization (Rs. Billion) 8,869.17 8,800.62 8,554.98 8,567.18 8,299.56 7,899.56 8,357.10 8,034.66 7,911.84 - Turnover of shares (Billions) 3.75 3.60 2.49 5.03 4.16 2.71 3.15 2.88 2.17 - Fig 3: Market Capitalization in PSX 9,000 8,800 8,600 Rs. Billion PSX-100 Index (End Month) 8,400 8,200 8,000 7,800 7,600 Jul-18 Aug-18 Sep-18 Oct-18 Nov-18 Dec-18 Jan-19 Feb-19 Mar-19 88
121. Capital Markets and Corporate Sector The foreign investors offloaded securities worth US $ 373 million which was absorbed by domestic investors, Banks/DFIs, companies and insurance companies. The strong buying by local investors has shown the confidence of the investors in Pakistan equity market. Going forward it is expected that the market will move in upward trajectory. Table 6.2: Local Investors' Portfolio Investment (LIPI) during Jul-Mar FY 2019 Local Investors Gross Buy Gross Sell Net Buy / (Sell) Rs. Individuals 1,050,599,989,305 -1,032,925,411,467 17,674,577,838 Companies 78,979,955,533 -69,887,093,299 9,092,862,234 Banks / DFI 48,524,817,514 -45,670,269,956 2,854,547,558 Non-Banking Finance 4,418,772,177 -4,674,707,595 -255,935,418 Companies (NBFCs) Mutual Funds 125,044,531,509 -132,591,666,117 -7,547,134,608 Other Organizations 22,503,011,252 -19,198,199,858 3,304,811,394 Broker Proprietary Trading 315,365,859,020 -315,878,465,409 -512,606,389 Insurance Companies 86,195,100,877 -64,826,995,156 21,368,105,721 LIPI Net 1,731,632,037,188 -1,685,652,808,858 45,979,228,330 Source: Pakistan Stock Exchange Net Buy / (Sell) US$ 144,062,227 72,967,481 21,748,721 -1,857,085 -59,204,118 27,497,522 -5,899,114 173,663,932 372,979,653 Other stock market indicators witnessed mixed trends as well. The turnover of shares on the Pakistan Stock Exchange during July-April 2018-19 was 42.9 billion, compared to 46.5 billion shares in the twelve months of fiscal year 2017-18. Total paid-up capital with the PSX increased from Rs 1,297.4 billion in June 2018 to Rs 1,336.7 billion in April 2019. Two new companies were listed with the PSX during July-April 2018-19, as compared to six companies in the fiscal year 2017-18. Table 6.3: Profile of Pakistan Stock Exchange 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 (end Apr’19) Total Listed Companies New Listed Companies Total Listed Capital (Rs. Million) Total Market Capitalization (Rs. Million) Total Shares Volume (Million) Average Daily Shares Volume (Millions) Source: Pakistan Stock Exchange 560 9 1,189,518.9 7,421,031.6 57,204 233 559 4 1,289,081 7,588,472.2 55,430.3 221 560 5 1,317,220 9,522,358 88,599 363 558 6 1,297,375 8,665,045 46,532 187 546 2 1,336,726 7,451,989 42,877 114.95 Performance of Global Stock Market Indices Pakistan Stock Exchange-100 Index was ranked the best market in Asia and fifth best performing stock market in the world in the year 2016 by Bloomberg and was calculated to have provided total return of 46 percent for the fiscal year 2017. However, due to political uncertainties and macroeconomic adjustments in the last two fiscal years, the impressive growth could not be maintained, with PSX-100 showing fluctuating tendencies. It fell by 7.8 percent between July 2018 and March 2019. Table 6.4: Global Stock Indices during Jul-Mar FY 2019 Sr. No. Country Stock Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vietnam Hong Kong Bursa Istanbul MSCI EM Bangkok Bombay Ho Chi Minh Stock index Hang Seng Index Borsa Istanbul 100 index MSCI Emerging Markets Index Stock Exchange of Thai Index S&P BSE Sensex Index 89 Percentage Change Jul-Mar FY19 2.1% 0.3% -2.8% -1.1% 2.7% 9.2%
122. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Table 6 .4: Global Stock Indices during Jul-Mar FY 2019 Sr. No. Country Stock Name 7 Philippines 8 Jakarta 9 Singapore 10 China 11 Bursa Malaysia 12 Pakistan Source: Pakistan Stock Exchange Percentage Change Jul-Mar FY19 10.1% 11.5% -1.7% 8.6% -3.4% -7.8% PSEI Philippines SE IDX Jakarta Composite Index Straits Times Index Shenzhen SE composite Index FTSE Bursa Malaysia EMAS index KSE 100 Index Fig 4: Performance of Global Stock Market Indices (July – March FY 2019) 15% 9.2% 10% 5% 10.1% 11.5% 8.6% 2.7% 2.1% 0.3% 0% -1.1% -1.7% -2.8% -5% -3.4% -7.8% -10% Vietnam HongKong Bursa Istanbul MSCI EM Bangkok Bombay Phillipines Jakarta Singapore China Bursa Malaysia Pakistan Box Item I: Rs. 20 Billion Package for PSX In order to provide short-term stimulus to the stock market, the Economic Coordination Committee (ECC) of the Cabinet Division authorized the government to issue sovereign guarantee amounting to Rs. 20 billion for investment in National Investment Trust (NIT)-State Enterprise Fund. The step, alongside stabilizing the stock market of the country, would woo investors to divert more investment in the market and would arrest the bourse’s downward trend. Sector Wise Analysis The performance of some of the major sectors listed Pakistan Stock Exchange as on March 31, 2019 is mentioned below: Oil & Gas Exploration Companies In this sector 4 companies were listed at Pakistan Stock Exchange with accumulated paid-up capital of Rs 66,194.40 million. The market capitalization of this sector was Rs 1,332,032 million. The profit after tax of this sector was Rs 151,182.21 million. Oil & Gas Marketing Companies In this sector 8 companies were listed at Pakistan Stock Exchange with the paid-up capital of Rs 14,697.08 million. The market capitalization of this sector was Rs 249,081 million. The profit after tax of this sector was Rs 31,918.26 million. Refinery Companies In this sector 4 companies were listed with the paid-up capital of Rs 57,891.44 million. The market capitalization of this sector was Rs 73,665 million. The profit after tax of this sector was Rs 7,873.28 million. 90
123. Capital Markets and Corporate Sector Cement This sector comprised 21 companies , with total listed capital of Rs 67,629.56 million and the market capitalization of Rs 377,405 million. The sector recorded the profit after tax at Rs 55,185.67 million. Power Generation and Distribution This sector comprised 18 companies and the listed capital was Rs. 48,263.99 million with market capitalization of Rs 345,561 million. The profit after tax of the sector was 35,763.97 million. Chemicals In this sector 27 companies were listed, having total paid-up capital of Rs 34,250.25 million, while the market capitalization was Rs 301,158 million. The profit after tax was Rs 21,735.58 million. Automobile Assembler The sector comprised of 12 companies with the total paid-up capital of Rs 7,693.91 million, while the total market capitalization was Rs 287,031 million. The profit after tax of this sector was Rs 39,672.86 million. Technology & Communication The sector comprised of 12 companies which includes the PTCL with capital of Rs 83,036.15 million. The market capitalization of this sector was Rs 83,885 million and the profit after tax was Rs 10,594.60 million. Commercial Banks The sector comprised 20 listed banks with the listed capital of Rs 360,430.36 million & market capitalization of Rs 1,388,592 million. The profit after tax of the sector was Rs 148,545.07 million. Pharmaceuticals The sector comprised 12 listed pharmaceutical companies with the paid-up capital of Rs 11,646.22 million & market capitalization of Rs 255,252 million. The total profit after tax of this sector was Rs 13,140.56 million. Textile Spinning In this Sector 74 companies were listed at Pakistan Stock Exchange, having total paid-up capital of Rs 20,321.88 million while the market capitalization was Rs 46,679.8 million. Textile Weaving In this Sector 11 companies were listed at Pakistan Stock Exchange, having total paid-up capital of Rs 2,737,250 million with market capitalization of Rs 2,727.3 million. Textile Composite In this Sector 55 companies were listed at Pakistan Stock Exchange, having total paid-up capital of Rs 30,637.04 million and the market capitalization was Rs 230,910.34 million. The profit after tax of this sector was Rs, 20,383.7 million. Sugar & Allied The sector comprised 30 companies with the total paid-up capital of Rs 9,738.19 million and market capitalization was Rs 73,873 million. The profit after tax of this sector was Rs. 944.24 million. Fertilizer The sector consisted of 7 companies with the total paid-up capital of Rs 71,004.69 million and market capitalization of Rs 575,045.3 million. The profit after tax of this sector was Rs. 65,411.01 million. 91
124. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Engineering The sector included 17 companies with the total paid-up capital of Rs 26 ,045.61 million and market capitalization of Rs 85,387.7 million. The profit after tax of this sector was Rs. 11,245.34 million. Performance of Selected Blue Chips Profit after tax and Earnings Per Share (EPS) with necessary details of some of the selected companies are given in the following table. It may be observed that corporate profitability improved in most of the cases during 2018-19: Table 6.5: Performance of Selected Blue Chips Scrip Name Last Trade Price Outstanding Shares Oil & Gas Dev. Pak Petroleum Nestle Pakistan MCB Bank Ltd Habib Bank Engro Corp United Bank K-Electric Ltd. Mari Petroleum Lucky Cement Fauji Fert. Pak Oilfields Allied Bank Ltd Meezan Bank Colgate Palm Indus Motor Co Engro Fert. Bank AL-Habib National Bank Hub Power Co. 147.55 184.99 7191.8 196.53 132.49 327.23 139.53 5.59 1245.24 428.24 104.46 447.25 108.04 99.05 2000 1304.9 71.55 85.66 40.06 73.33 Market Capitalization (Rs. Billion) Profit After Tax (Rs. Billion) 634.6 419.46 326.14 232.9 194.34 188.54 170.81 154.37 151.02 138.48 132.9 126.96 123.71 115.81 115.09 102.57 95.54 95.2 85.23 84.85 78.7 45.7 11.5 21.4 11.8 12.7 15.2 4,300,928,400.00 2,267,472,957.00 45,349,551.00 1,185,060,606.00 1,466,852,508.00 576,163,200.00 1,224,179,688.00 27,615,194,245.00 121,275,000.00 323,375,000.00 1,272,238,147.00 283,855,104.00 1,145,073,830.00 1,169,192,354.00 57,545,920.00 78,600,000.00 1,335,299,375.00 1,111,425,419.00 2,127,512,862.00 1,157,154,400.00 15.4 12.2 14.4 11.4 12.9 9 3.3 15.8 16.7 8.4 20 8.6 EPS P/E 18.31 8.06 23.17 7.98 254.57 28.25 18.02 10.91 8.04 16.48 24.28 13.48 12.44 11.22 Not Reported 139.45 8.93 37.72 11.35 11.35 9.2 48.13 9.29 11.25 9.6 7.67 12.91 67.92 29.45 200.66 6.5 12.48 5.73 7.57 11.32 9.41 4.26 7.4 9.91 Source: Pakistan Stock Exchange Fig-5: Profit After Tax of Top Companies 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 92 Hub Power Co. National Bank Bank AL-Habib EngroFert. Indus Motor Co Colgate Palm Meezan Bank Allied Bank Ltd Pak Oilfields FaujiFert. Lucky Cement Mari Petroleum United Bank Engro Corp Habib Bank MCB Bank Ltd Nestle Pakistan Pak Petroleum 0 Oil & Gas Dev. 10
125. Capital Markets and Corporate Sector Box Item II : Biggest IPO in PSX history by a private owned company In March 2019, Interloop Limited successfully raised Rs. 5 billion through a largest private sector Initial Public Offering (IPO) in PSX history by listing 12.5 percent of its shares on the stock exchange, placing itself among the top 50 companies listed on the PSX by market capitalization. Interloop IPO overtook the PSX IPO in 2017, where Rs. 4.5 billion was raised through 160.3 million shares (20% stake of PSX) at a floor price of Rs. 28 per share. The total demand received was Rs. 6.7 billion against total issue size of Rs. 5 billion, showing that the IPO was oversubscribed by Rs. 1.7 billion or 1.34 times. Interloop is a company that sells hosiery products to some of the world’s biggest brands. Its client list includes major global athletic wear brands like Nike, Reebok, Adidas, and Puma, as well as other major international clothing brands like H&M, Uniqlo, Target, and Levi’s. Debt Capital Markets A well-developed corporate bond market is essential for the growth of economy as it provides an additional avenue to the corporate sector to raise funds for meeting their financial needs. During the period under review, 16 debt securities were issued (14 privately placed and 02 by way of IPO/Listed). The break-up of which is given below: Table 6.6: Debt Capital Markets Sr. No. Type of Security i. ii. iii. iv. No. of Issues Listed TFC Privately Placed Term Finance Certificates Privately Placed Sukuk Privately Placed Commercial Papers Total Amount (Rs. Billion) 14.00 12.50 228.61 22.20 277.31 2* 3** 7*** 4**** 16 *by (i) Soneri Bank Limited (Rs.4.00 billion) and (ii) United Bank Limited (Rs.10.00 billion); **by (i) Askari Bank Limited (Rs. 6.0 billion), (ii) Bank Al Habib Limited (Rs.4.0 billion); and (iii) JS Bank Limited (Rs.2.5 billion); ***by (i)Shakarganj Ltd. (Rs.0.725 billion), (ii) Meezan Bank Ltd. (Rs.7.0 billion), (iii) Agha Steel Industries Ltd. (Rs.5.0 billion), (iv) Dubai Islamic Bank Ltd. (Rs.3.1 billion), (v)Engro Polymer & Chemicals Limited(Rs.8.750 billion), (vi) The Hub Power Company Limited (Rs.4.00 billion) and (vii) Power Holding (Pvt.) Limited (Rs.200.00 billion) ****by (i) K-Electric Ltd. (Rs.7.0 billion), (ii) Hascol Petroleum Limited (Rs.4.00 billion), (iii) K-Electric Ltd. (Rs.10.0 billion) and (iv) Pak Elektron Limited (Rs.1.2 billion) Source: Securities & Exchange Commission of Pakistan Corporate Debt Market at a Glance: As of March 31, 2019, 120 corporate debt securities were outstanding with an amount of Rs.888.24 billion as follows: Table 6.7: Corporate Debt Market Sr. No. Name of security No. of issues i. ii. iii. Iv v. Listed Term Finance Certificates (L-TFCs) Privately Placed Term Finance Certificates (PP-TFCs) and listed on OTC Sukuk Privately Placed Commercial Papers Participation Term Certificates (PTCs) Total Source: Securities & Exchange Commission of Pakistan 16 47 51 5 1 120 Amount outstanding (Rs. Billion) 41.59 112.94 710.33 23.20 0.18 888.24 Equity Market: During the nine-month period i.e. July 2018-March 2019, two companies issued shares through public offer (IPO). Details are given as under: 93
126. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Table 6 .8: Equity Market Sr. Name of Company Book Building Date Retail Portion Subscription Date No. of Shares Offered (million) Book General Total Building Public Offer Price /Strike price (Rs.) No. of Shares Subscribed (million) Book General Total building Public Times Subscribed Book building General Public 1 At-Tahur June 25-26, July 02-04, 36.67* 9.167 36.67 21 59.42 16.068 75.5 1.62 1.75 Limited 2018 2018 2. Interloop March 13- March 21-22, 109* 27.25 109 46.10 141.67 41.04 182.71 1.29 1.50 Limited 14, 2019 2019 *Both the issues were made under regulation 7(4) of the Public Offering Regulations, 2017. Under the said regulation bidders are allowed to place bids for one hundred percent of the Issue Size and the strike price is the price at which 100% of the issue is subscribed. However, the successful bidders are allotted only 75% of the issue size and the remaining 25% shares are offered to the retail investors. In case the retail portion of the issue remains unsubscribed, the unsubscribed shares are allotted to the successful bidders on pro-rata basis. Source: Securities & Exchange Commission of Pakistan Mutual Funds As of March 31, 2019, Assets Under Management (AUM) of the mutual funds stood at Rs.635.90 billion. Equity Funds dominated the industry with the largest share i.e. 37.75% of the mutual fund industry. Money Market held the second largest industry share i.e. 36.93%, followed by Income Funds with industry share of 17.50%. Investment Advisory: At present, 20 Non-Bank Finance Companies (NBFCs) have licenses to conduct the business of investment advisory in addition to business of asset management services while two NBFCs have an exclusive license for conducting investment advisory services. As of March 31, 2019, the total discretionary/non-discretionary portfolio held by all of the NBFCs was Rs. 192.62 billion. As of March 31, 2019, the major highlights of the Mutual Fund Industry were as under: Table 6.9: Mutual Funds Description Asset Management / Investment Advisory Companies Mutual Funds / Plans Discretionary / non-discretionary portfolio Total size of the industry Source: Securities & Exchange Commission of Pakistan Total number of Entities 22 289 - Total Assets (Rs. Billion) 37.04 635.90 192.62 865.57 To facilitate further growth of the mutual fund industry and to safeguard the investor’s interest, the SECP has taken the following initiatives:  Risk Management and Controls Guidelines were issued for Asset Management Companies (AMCs)  Launch of first infrastructure sector equity mutual fund was approved  Government Securities based plans were permitted to AMCs to provide opportunities to investors for investment in government securities  First Venture Capital Fund was registered with the commission under Private Fund Regulations 2015 Voluntary Pension Schemes: The Assets Under Management of the voluntary pension industry stood at Rs.26.59 billion on March 31, 2019. Highlights of the pension fund industry are as under: Lending NBFCs: Lending NBFCs includes leasing companies, investment finance companies, housing finance companies, discount houses and non-bank microfinance companies. For each form 94
127. Capital Markets and Corporate Sector of business , separate licenses are required having different regulatory requirements. However, an NBFC licensed to carry out investment finance Table 6.10: Pension Schemes services is allowed to undertake leasing, Description Status as of housing finance services, discounting services March 31, and micro-financing under the same license 2019 without applying for separate licenses. Total assets of pension industry 26.59 (Rs. Billion) Leasing Companies: As of March 31, 2019, Total number of pension funds 19 there were 7 leasing companies with asset base Total number of pension fund managers 10 of Rs.10.42 billion. The total size of the leasing Source: Securities & Exchange Commission of Pakistan sector has largely remained the same as compared to June 30, 2018 when the asset size was Rs.10.36 billion. Investment Banks: There were 9 investment finance companies on March 31, 2019, with asset base of Rs.61.18 billion, an increase of 4.9% as compared to Rs. 58.31 billion on June 30, 2018. Non-Bank Microfinance Companies: As of March 31, 2019, there were 25 licensed NBMFCs with asset base of Rs.110.38 billion. An increase of 15.6% has been witnessed since June 30, 2018. Real Estate Investment Trust (REITs) Scheme: During the first nine months of FY2019, regulatory framework for REITs was revamped by introducing significant amendments in the Real Estate Investment Trusts Regulations 2015. These amendments were finalized after extensive consultation with the industry players and other stakeholders. The objective of the said amendments is to provide more conducive regulatory environment for establishment of formal real estate sector in the country thus promoting documentation of the economy. Further, while introducing the said amendments, emphasis was given to simplified regulatory requirements, unit holder’s protection and industry dynamics. Currently, there is one REIT scheme i.e. Dolmen City REIT, which was launched by Arif Habib Dolmen REIT Management Company Limited (RMC). As of March 31, 2019, the fund size of Dolmen City REIT was Rs.45.96 billion. Modarabas: The Modarabas are the pioneering Islamic financial institutions in Pakistan. As of March 31, 2019, the registered Modaraba companies were 37 while 29 Modarabas were in existence. During the period from July 1, 2018 to March 31, 2019, one new company was registered as Modaraba Company. As of March 31, 2019, the aggregated equity of Modarabas was Rs.20.789 billion and total assets of the Modaraba sector were Rs.53.194 billion. Fifteen Modarabas declared cash dividend for the year ending June 30, 2018. As of June 30, 2018, the total assets of the Modaraba sector were Rs.52.941 billion as compared to total assets as of June 30, 2017 of Rs.44.014 billion. The Modaraba sector showed a 22.86% growth in terms of total assets as compared to June 30, 2017. Corporate Sector Measures for e-Governance: Unified Online Company Registration System: In order to reduce time, cost and number of procedures involved in starting a business, SECP is working towards development of a Unified Online Company Registration System. In the first phase, different processes of company incorporation i.e. name reservation, company incorporation, Payment of fee and notification of appointment of CEO were merged. In the second phase, SECP’s e-Services has now been integrated with federal and provincial authorities i.e. Federal Board of Revenue (FBR), Employees Old Age 95
128. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Benefits Institution (EOBI), Punjab Business Registration Portal (PBRP) and Sindh Business Registration Portal (SBRP). As soon as a company is incorporated, the data of company is transferred to these authorities through online systems. Accordingly, now NTN is being issued to companies online through SECP-FBR integrated system. Besides, companies, while submitting incorporation application through SECP’s e-Services, may chose registration with EOBI, Punjab Employee Social Security Institution (PESSI)/Sindh Employees Social Security Institution (SESSI), Labor Department Punjab & Sindh, and Excise and Taxation Department, Punjab & Sindh, and such companies are registered online with these authorities on the basis of information shared through integrated online systems. E-modules Introduced for electronic filing of returns: E-modules under the Companies (General Provisions and Forms) Regulations, 2018 have been deployed in e-Services of SECP for electronic filing of statutory returns. Company incorporation trend: During first nine months of FY2019, 10,865 new companies have been registered with the SECP. As compared to the corresponding period of last financial year, it represents a growth of 30%. Insurance Sector The insurance sector in Pakistan comprises of 9 life insurers including two family takaful operators, 41 non-life insurers including three general takaful operators, and one state- owned national reinsurer. The largest share in life insurance market is occupied by the State Life Insurance Corporation of Pakistan (SLIC), which is a state-owned entity whereas the major share in non-life insurance market is occupied by a private sector insurance company. In non-life sector the National Insurance Company Limited (NICL) a state owned non-life insurance company enjoys the statutory monopoly of underwriting the risks related to public property under Section 166 of the Insurance Ordinance, 2000. The only reinsurer of the industry, the government-owned Pakistan Reinsurance Company Limited (PRCL) continues to benefit from the first right of refusal to a mandatory minimum 35 percent share in the area of non-life treaty reinsurance. Major achievements in insurance sector from July 2018 to December 2018 are as follows:  Draft General Takaful Accounting Regulations, 2018: The SECP notified the draft General Takaful Accounting Regulations, 2018 for eliciting comments from general public on August 08, 2018. The draft regulations provide the principles based on which accounting and reporting of general takaful business of general takaful operators and window general takaful operators shall be made. The draft regulations aim to bring standardization in the accounting treatments and presentation of financial results by general takaful/window takaful operators and bring in more transparency and enhanced disclosures.  Implementation of Motor Third Party Liability Insurance Scheme to Compensate the Victims of Road Accidents: Motor Third Party Liability insurance offers insurance protection against death and bodily injury to the victims of the road traffic accidents or their legal heirs. The law provides compensatory remedy for all such accident victims as provisions contained in the Motor Vehicles Act, 1939 make it compulsory for all the motor vehicles owners to have the Motor Third Party Liability Insurance cover. The Insurance Division put forward a proposal to amend the Motor Vehicles Act, 1939 for smooth implementation of the Motor Third Party Liability Insurance Scheme to compensate the Road Accident Victims, thereby addressing the following issues: i. To introduce “No Fault Option” whereby the claim for death or bodily injury shall be payable to the victims of the road accidents or their legal heirs without obtaining any court’s order and irrespective of the fact as to whether or not the insured person was at fault 96
129. Capital Markets and Corporate Sector ii . To increase compensation limit in case of death from Rs.20,000 to Rs.500,000 iii. To introduce compensation limits separately for bodily injuries  Proposal to exempt life and health insurance from Sales Tax: The SECP has taken up the issue of imposition of sales tax on life and health insurance with the provincial revenue authorities with the aim to create conducive and business friendly environment for the insurance industry in Pakistan. From June 30, 2018 onwards, the Sindh Revenue Board withheld exemption from sales tax on the life and health insurance and Punjab Revenue Authority (PRA) also levied the sales tax on these segments. These measures were perceived as counter-productive and inhibiting by the insurance industry, therefore, the industry association raised the matter with SECP Policy Board, following which, the proposal to exempt life and health insurance from sales tax has been submitted.  Proposal to revoke levy of stamp duty from insurance: The National Financial Inclusion Strategy, Technical Committee on Insurance (NFIS – TCI) formed in pursuance of National Financial Inclusion Strategy launched by the Government of Pakistan in 2015 has proposed to revoke the levy of stamp duty from insurance with the objective of enhancing financial inclusion and ease of doing business. The requirement to physically affix stamps poses administrative hurdle in case of policies which are sold electronically.  Draft Directive on Cyber-security Framework for Insurance Sector, 2019: Amid increasing reliance on technology for insurance distribution and integration of technology into the insurance product structure and other aspects, it becomes imperative that adequate measures are taken to make information technology systems of insurance companies and their partners, secure and resilient. Accordingly, the draft SECP Directive on Cyber security Framework for Insurance Sector, 2019, has been issued on January 8, 2019, for seeking public comments, thereon. Resolution of policyholder complaints: From July 1, 2018 to March 31, 2019, the SECP received 667 complaints out of which, 314 complaints have been resolved/ disposed of, 269 complaints were forwarded to alternative dispute resolution channels, i.e. Federal Insurance Ombudsman (FIO) and Small Dispute Resolution Committees (SDRCs), while 84 complaints were under process as on March 31, 2019. Through the complaints resolution function of the SECP, compensation of Rs.35,78 million were provided to aggrieved policyholders who had filed their complaints with the SECP. A summary of performance of complaints resolution is given below: Table 6.11: Performance of Complaints Resolution Total number of Resolved/ disposed SDRCs complaints received of 667 314 117 FIO 152 Under process 84 Total compensation to complainants Rs. 35,786,644 Islamic Finance The following measures taken during the period under review for the development of Islamic capital markets:  November 02, 2018 SECP notified Shariah Governance Regulations 2018, which is a comprehensive set of regulations for governance of Shariah compliant companies, Shariah compliant securities and Islamic financial institutions under its jurisdiction. The regulations issued under the enabling provisions of the Companies Act 2017, provide mechanism for the certification of Shariah-compliant companies and Shariah-compliant securities, provide Shariah screening criteria for securities, and cover functions such as internal and external Shariah audit, Shariah advisory and Shariah compliance. It is for the first time ever in the history of Pakistan 97
130. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 that the apex regulator introduced a holistic Shariah governance framework for the companies and entities within its regulatory ambit .  The concept of a Shariah compliant company and Shariah compliant security introduced through provisions incorporated in the Companies Act 2017, Section 451 of the Companies Act, 2017 empowered SECP to implement the scheme of certification of Shariah compliant companies and Shariah compliant securities. The aforesaid regulatory provision enables the Commission to regulate almost every aspect of Shariah compliant products, services and Shariah compliant businesses.  Being a member of Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB), the SECP has implemented IFSB standards through its Shariah governance framework.  The SECP entered into a Strategic Cooperation in the Area of Joint Research and Training in Islamic Banking and Finance with Islamic Research and Training Institute (IRTI), the research and training arm of the Islamic Development Bank (IDB) Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. IRTI undertakes research and provides training and information services in the member countries of the Islamic Development Bank and Muslim communities in non-member countries to help bring economic financial and banking activities in conformity with Islamic law.  Shariah-compliant mutual funds and pension funds registered phenomenal growth, the share of Shariah-compliant mutual funds represent 39% of the total mutual fund industry while assets of Shariah-compliant pension funds represent 65% of the total assets of pension funds on January 31, 2019.  To bring harmonization and standardization in the business practices of Islamic Finance institutions, SECP has been gradually adopting Accounting and Shariah Standards issued by Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI). SECP notified three Shariah Standards of AAOIFI for adoption in Pakistan, i.e. Shariah Standard No. 17 - Investment Sukuk, Shariah Standard No. 18- Possession (Qabd) and Shariah Standard No. 23 - Agency and the Act of an un-commissioned agent (Fodooli).  The SECP issued draft notification for adoption of seven more Shariah Standards of AAOIFI namely; Shariah Standard No. 21 - Financial papers, Shariah Standard No. 27 – Indices, Shariah Standard No. 30 - Monetization (Tawarruq), Shariah Standard No. 44 - Obtaining and Deploying Liquidity, Shariah Standard No. 45 - Protection of Capital and Investments, Shariah Standard No. 46 - Al-Wakalah Bi Al-Istithmar (Investment Agency) and Shariah Standard No. 53 - Arboun (Earnest Money).  The SECP held a number of training and awareness sessions as part of its Islamic finance capacity building and awareness creation initiative in collaboration with International Islamic University, Fatima Jinnah Women University and IMSciences–CEIF.  The SECP formed a strategic Alliance for promotion of Islamic Capital market with the three leading centers for excellence in Islamic Finance: LUMS, IBA, IMS. The alliance aims for the growth and development of Islamic capital market and shaping the future of Islamic financial services by creating awareness among the public, training for stakeholders and capacity building of Islamic financial institutions through joint and collaborative efforts. Capital Market Reforms and Developmental Activities In line with its objectives to develop a fair and competitive capital market in Pakistan, the Securities Exchange Commission of Pakistan during the period under review, introduced various structural, legal and fiscal reforms aimed at strengthening risk management, increasing transparency, improving governance of capital market infrastructure institutions and enhancing investor protection, which are mentioned below in brief: 98
131. Capital Markets and Corporate Sector  In order to enhance the investors base, to facilitate debt issues and to provide additional investment avenues to corporates, mutual funds and employees funds, the SECP has notified the following persons as other persons to whom privately placed debt securities being instrument of redeemable capital can be issued: i. mutual funds, voluntary pension schemes, and private fund being managed by NBFC ii. insurer registered under the Insurance Ordinance, 2000 iii. a Securities Broker iv. a fund and trust as defined in the Employees Contributory Funds (Investment in Listed Securities) Regulations, 2018 v. a company and body corporate as defined in the Companies Act, 2017  Amendments in Securities and Future Advisers Regulations, 2017: The commission has introduced amendments in the Securities and Futures Advisers (Licensing and Operations) Regulations, 2017. The amendments have been notified to make advisory regulatory regime more practicable and conducive. Major concept introduced through said amendments are as follows: i. The mandatory advisory licensing requirement for securities brokers have been withdrawn and are allowed to distribute units of Mutual Funds and Voluntary Pension Funds of multiple AMCs ii. Considering the dynamics of local capital markets, the SECP has decided to grant license to corporate entities only for undertaking any regulated activity in the capital markets and not to any individual iii. In order to help broadening investors’ base, banks have been allowed to distribute units of Mutual Funds and Voluntary Pension Funds of multiple AMCs The rationalized licensing regime for securities advisors would contribute in reducing regulatory burden and cost of doing business for capital markets, ultimately promoting ease of doing business.  Foreign Shareholding of Pakistan Stock Exchange: To cater to increased interest of foreign investors in the shares of PSX, foreign persons other than foreign anchor investors have been allowed to acquire up to 20% of total issued share capital of PSX, which was previously limited to 10%  Contingency Planning for Securities Brokers: To ensure continuity of operations of securities brokers in event of a disaster or crisis, minimum requirements have been stipulated for effective contingency planning of securities brokers under the Securities Brokers Regulations, 2016  Electronic Filing/Submission of Reports and other documents for Listed Companies: To facilitate listed companies in filing/submission of various financial reports and other documents and to promote paperless environment, electronic mode of report submission has been introduced. As a result, listed companies have been able to forgo unnecessary financial burden for filing/submitting hard copies to the exchange which is also in line with provisions of the Companies Act, 2017  Investor Education and Awareness: SECP’s Investor Education department is successfully achieving its milestones by conducting 76 awareness sessions for a diverse audience including professional bodies such as ACCA, TIE Islamabad Start up Cup, NIC Peshawar, LIFT Pakistan, National Counter-Terrorism Authority (NACTA) Pakistan, Women on Board, Rotary Club, CFA 99
132. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Society , FINTECH and S&P Global. These programs were held in Islamabad, Lahore, Karachi, Faisalabad, Khuzdar, Swabi, Peshawar, Gujranwala, Gilgit, Quetta, Skardu and Multan  PMEX Access to NCCPL Portal: Pakistan Mercantile Exchange has been provided access to National Clearing and Settlement System of NCCPL for ascertaining requisite registration details of the account holders of PMEX  Futures Brokers (Licensing and Operations) Regulations, 2018: The SECP framed new regulations under the Futures Market Act, 2016 for licensing and operations of future brokers dealing in futures contract based on commodity and financial instrument. The regulations include requirements relating to licensing; fit and proper criteria for sponsors, directors and senior management of Futures Brokers, compliance with Anti-Money Laundering (AML) requirements and ongoing mechanisms which include arrangements for protection of investor interests and asset segregation  Liquidity in Futures Market: In order to uplift liquidity in the commodity futures market, futures contracts in agriculture, equity and metals categories have been introduced including Dow Jones 30 Futures Contract, Nasdaq 100 Futures Contract, Gold One-Gram Futures Contract, etc.  Electronic IPO Facility for Investors: In order to facilitate investors, the SECP in consultation with the Central Depository Company (CDC) introduced Electronic IPO (E-IPO) facility for prospective investors whereby application for subscription of securities offered to the public can be submitted electronically through the internet, ATMs and mobile phones. Afacilitation account structure has been introduced by CDC for allowing those investors who do not have investors’ account to benefit from the E-IPO facility  Brokers Office/ Branch Office Regulations: The SECP in order to instill stronger mechanisms for investor protection and improve the quality and service standards of the brokerage industry, introduced stringent eligibility criteria for opening of new offices/branches by securities brokers. Only brokers with impeccable track record and compliance history in dealing with complaints and arbitration awards up to the satisfaction of the PSX are now allowed to open new offices/branches  Streamlining Claim Verification and Settlement Process: Essential reforms have been introduced in the process for enabling impartial, smooth and timely settlement of claims. Reforms introduced include standardizing valuation of customer claims, designating specific time period for invitation of claims as well as prescribing a period of 120 days for settlement of claims Anti-Money Laundering The SECP has effectively taken measures to address potential threat of money laundering and terrorist financing within its regulated entities and maintain integrity of the financial markets. SECP on June 13, 2018 notified SECP Anti-Money Laundering/Counter Financing of Terrorism Regulations, 2018 for its regulated financial institutions and a single set of regulations were issued for the Security Brokers, Commodity Brokers, Insurance Companies, Non-Banking Finance Companies and Non-Profit Organizations(NPOs) to harmonize the AML/CFT regime. Necessary amendments have been carried out in the PSX Rulebook to ensure that the securities brokers comply with the provisions of the SECP AML/CFT Regulations, 2018. Furthermore, it was notified that noncompliant brokers shall also face enforcement actions by the SECP. In September 2018, guideline on anti-money laundering, countering financing of terrorism, and proliferation financing was issued for the regulated entities to get comprehensive understanding of the SECP AML Regulations, 2018 and develop implementation plan. Similarly, AML/CFT guidelines for NPOs were issued in August 2018 to facilitate section 42 companies in mitigating the 100
133. Capital Markets and Corporate Sector underlying risks . These entities are required to establish an effective AML/CFT risk assessment and compliance framework for detecting and reporting suspicious activities. In order to ensure compliance and effective implementation of the AML Act 2010, the commission on December 14, 2018 directed all the regulated, licensed and associated persons and entities which fall under the domain of insurance sector regulated by the SECP to comply with the requirements of undertaking that they have not been convicted in criminal breach of trust, fraud, offences of money laundering including predicate offences. Apart from this, the eligibility criteria for obtaining license as a securities broker was enhanced under the Securities Brokers (Licensing and Operations) Regulations, 2016 by introducing precondition that ultimate beneficial owners of securities broker should not have been convicted in any predicate offences provided under Anti-Money Laundering Act 2010 or the Anti- Terrorist Act 1997. SECP has conducted series of awareness sessions on the AML/CFT obligations for regulated entities, including NPOs, to develop their skill set and enhance compliance levels. A total of fifteen (15) awareness sessions on AML/CFT regulatory framework for NPOs have been held by SECP across the country, including those held in collaboration with other stakeholders. Credit Rating Credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the ability and willingness of an entity or a debt instrument issuer, to meet its financial obligations in a timely manner. Globally, credit rating is a highly concentrated industry; however, it is a growing phenomenon in Pakistan. Credit Rating Agencies (CRAs) in Pakistan operate in a highly regulated environment that is supervised by the SECP through its Credit Rating Companies Regulations 2016 and by the State Bank of Pakistan through recognition as an External Credit Assessment Institute. Currently, there are two CRAs in Pakistan i.e. the Pakistan Credit Rating Agency Limited (PACRA) and JCR-VIS Credit Rating Company Limited (JCR-VIS). PACRA was the first CRA in Pakistan, established in 1994, whereas JCR-VIS was established in 1997. Since then it has been a two-player market and both CRAs have maintained a balanced market share over the years. Both the CRAs have had worked with international CRAs, as joint ventures/technical partners such as Fitch Ratings and Japan Credit Rating Agency Limited etc. and are members of Association of Credit Rating Agencies in Asia (ACRAA). In Pakistan, CRAs have developed a comprehensive state of rating products, covering the following: S.No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Product Entity Rating Debt Instrument Rating Sukuk Ratings Structured Finance Rating Insurer Financial Strength Rating Mutual Funds Stability Rating and Performance Ranking Broker Management Rating Asset Manager Rating Real Estate Project Grading Security Agency Grading Corporate Governance Ratings PACRA  ✓ JCR-VIS                 In Pakistan a total of 660 rating opinions are currently outstanding, out of which PACRA has 365 outstanding opinions whereas JCR-VIS has 295 opinions. 101
134. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Notification as Internationally Recognized Credit Rating Agency : Recently, SECP has notified Islamic International Rating Agency (IIRA), Bahrain, as internationally recognized foreign credit rating institution, under regulation 4(g) of the Credit Rating Companies Regulations, 2016 for the purpose of entering into joint venture or technical collaboration arrangement with any credit rating company in Pakistan. International Relations The SECP is aggressively working with international development institutions and regulatory standard setting organizations to enhance and build international relations, improve legal and regulatory framework in line with international best practices and to improve bilateral and multilateral cooperation with international counter-part regulatory authorities. Following are some of the important development in this regard:  The World Bank has conducted, under the Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC) program, Pakistan’s assessment of corporate governance based on self-assessment carried out by the SECP. After completion of review by the World Bank team, the report was finalized after multiple rounds of discussions with SECP. The assessment noted considerable improvements in implementation of OECD Corporate Governance Principles in Pakistan primarily owing to reforms introduced through the Companies Act, 2017 and the Listed Companies (Code of Corporate Governance) Regulations, 2017. The report was launched jointly by the World Bank and SECP on March 11, 2019 and released by the World Bank on its official website on March 25, 2019  To further enhance investor confidence in capital markets, SECP is working with SBP on Consumer Protection and Financial Literacy (CPFL) Review conducted by World Bank in 2014. The review has provided a detailed assessment of the institutional, legal, and regulatory framework, in four segments of the financial sector including banking, microfinance and securities. A self-assessment to introduce required legal and regulatory has also been initiated against “Good Practices for Financial Consumer Protection” published by the World Bank in 2017  To further enhance investor confidence in capital markets, SECP is working with SBP on Consumer Protection and Financial Literacy Review conducted by World Bank in 2014. The review has provided a detailed assessment of the institutional, legal, and regulatory framework, in four segments of the financial sector including banking, microfinance and securities. A selfassessment has also been initiated against “Good Practices for Financial Consumer Protection” published by the World Bank in 2017. This assessment will help to introduce required legal and regulatory reforms particularly for microfinance institutions  With support of the World Bank, self-assessments of Pakistan’s Financial Market Infrastructures which includes National Payment System(under the purview of SBP) and Securities Settlement System, Central Counter Party and Central Securities Depository(under the purview of SECP) was carried out. The respective self-assessments have been discussed with the World Bank team and completed accordingly  The SECP, in collaboration with the National Accountability Bureau, is contributing to the country review of Pakistan on implementation of the United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) undertaken by the international assessors  Pakistan being a signatory to the OECD Multilateral Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters –which entails combating tax evasion through automatic exchange of information on residents’ assets and incomes – the SECP is working for implementation of the Common Reporting Standard Rules issued by the Federal Board of Revenue, in its regulated sectors 102
135. Capital Markets and Corporate Sector  The SECP is in validation process for its accession to the International Association of Insurance Supervisors (IAIS) MMoU. The IAIS MMoU is a global framework for cooperation and information exchange between insurance supervisors. SECP is expected to complete this within 2019 Competition Commission of Pakistan Competition Commission of Pakistan (CCP) is an independent quasi-judicial, quasi-regulatory statutory body that implements the Competition Act, 2010 (‘the Act’). The Commission is mandated to “provide for free competition in all spheres of commercial and economic activity and to enhance economic efficiency and protect consumers from anti-competitive behavior”. Commission’s work can be classified into the following two broad categories: enforcement and advocacy. Enforcement: The Section 3 of the Act, i.e. ‘Abuse of Dominance’, prohibits businesses with significant market power from abusing their dominant position. Section 4 of the Act i.e. ‘Prohibited Agreements’ prohibits undertaking or associations of undertakings from entering into any agreement, which lessens competition in the relevant market. Section 10 of the Act prohibits undertakings from ‘Deceptive Marketing Practices’ and Section 11 for ‘Approval of mergers’, all transactions that meet certain threshold must be approved by the commission. Advocacy: Under Section 29, various competition advocacy activities are undertaken, and under Section 28 of the Act market studies are carried out to promote competition in the economy. During July’18-Mar’19, the commission received 20 formal complaints, issued 23 show cause notices, conducted 17 hearings, passed 14 orders and granted 68 exemptions to various undertakings. In this duration, the commission issued 2 policy notes: (i) Amendments in the Civil Aviation Authority's order on flight catering services at CAA Airports, (ii) Anti-competitive concerns raised as a consequence of amendment made to section 28 of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa Public Private Partnership Act, 2014. Two opinions were issued during this period: (i) Opinion on Real Estate Sector of Pakistan, (ii) Opinion on Competition Concerns in the Automobile Sector. Research studies on the ‘Road Construction Sector’ and 'LNG' were also finalized. The CCP imposed a penalty of Rs. 68.25 million on several undertakings for anti-competitive conduct under the Competition Act. It approved 50 merger orders in oil and gas, power, IT, cement, manufacturing, sugar, food and automotive sectors. United Nations Conference on Trade And Development (UNCTAD) elected CCP chairperson to preside over the “Third Session of Inter-governmental Group of Experts on Consumer Protection Law and Policy” in Geneva, Switzerland during the month of July 2018 by virtue of which Pakistan became chair at the UNTAD for the year 2018. Under competition advocacy, to promote competition culture in the economy, three sessions with government and private sector were held targeting key stakeholders. To introduce Competition Law in Pakistani universities, under the ‘Competition Advocacy Academia Drive’, two sessions in different universities were conducted. Moreover, the CCP is working with the World Bank for assessing and strengthening the competition regime in Pakistan. National Saving Schemes Central Directorate of National Savings (CDNS) remained in the process of restructuring and transformation in the Fiscal Year 2019. In this regard, the achievements made in the first nine months and initiatives in the pipeline are as under: 103
136. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 IT Transformation : Starting from 2002-03, National Savings has gone a long way towards computerization and automation of its processes. Out of 375 National Savings Centers (NSCs), 222 have been computerized. In the last one year, some more milestones have been achieved for transformation of the organization into an Information Technology enabled entity. i. A data center has been established at National Telecommunication Corporation (NTC) and now 205 NSCs are connected to centralized location through Wide Area Network (WAN) whereas NTC is working for provisioning of connectivity at remaining NSCs. ii. CDNS Main Application System has been upgraded into state-of-the-art Business Application Solution and deployed at 35 National Savings Centers while remaining NSCs are in the process of migration to the centralized architecture by using the newly upgraded Business Application Solution. The aforesaid achievement has enabled CDNS for provisioning of advance, efficient and value-added services to its customers using Alternative Deliver Channels (ADCs) i.e. Debit/ATM Cards, etc. iii. Protocols have been laid down with National Database Registration Authority (NADRA) for obtaining Verisys and Biosys, which are necessary in the new digitized set up of the organization. iv. Vendor has been selected for providing the card (ATM/Debit Card) solution for CDNS. v. Agreement with 1Linkhas been signed for providing connectivity with banking sector/ATM operations. Achievement of Annual Targets: CDNS, being the foremost institution providing the avenue to general public to park their savings has been able to not only achieve the targets assigned but also surpassed by a big margin. As of 30.04.2019, the CDNS has achieved 213 % of the Gross and 191% of proportionate targets. Initiatives in the Pipeline: 1) Sharia Product of National Savings There was a persistent demand of Sharia compliant product and CDNS has responded to it and has developed its first-ever Sharia Compliant product called Sarwa Islamic Savings Account (SISA) for those who desire to invest only in the Sharia-compliant scheme of CDNS. The Draft rules for it have been printed in the Gazette of Pakistan and after approval of the Cabinet Committee for Disposal of Legislative Cases (CCLC) and the Federal Cabinet, the proposed SISA Scheme will be introduced across the country. 2) Overseas Pakistanis Savings Certificates (OPSCs) The Pakistani diaspora abroad wanted to have a secure investment channel for their savings while Government of Pakistan, in order to increase more also looked for bringing remittances into formal money channels which were mostly coming via informal channels. In this regard, to fill the void, OPSCs has been designed as a product by CDNS to be launched for Overseas Pakistanis only. It will be launched initially in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) market and then other countries. The Agreement with Manger To the Issue (MTI) has been almost finalized. Being a scripless security, OPSCs will be offered in both the US$ and rupee currencies. It is expected that they will be launched in the Fiscal Year 2019-20. 3) Launch of Rs. 100,000 Premium Prize Bond (Registered) After successful launch of Rs.40000, Premium Prize Bond (Registered) National Savings is in 104
137. Capital Markets and Corporate Sector the process of launching another registered prize bond for Rs . 100,000 4) Scripless issuance and introduction of registered Prize Bonds amongst all denominations of Bearer Bonds In collaboration with SBP, National Savings is in the process of introduction of registered scripless prize bonds amongst all denominations. The registered prize bonds will be a step towards documentation of the economy while providing facility to the general public. 5) Debit Card Launch & Membership of 1Link System In near future National Savings is launching ATM Debit Cards with the support of the Karandaaz Pakistan Conclusion During FY 2019, the performance of stock markets presented a mixed trend between July and December, largely due to macroeconomic adjustments undertaken by the incumbent government to correct underlying imbalances in the economy. However, the PSX-100 index resumed its momentum from the start of January 2019 following incentives given in the Finance Bill 2019 for investment promotion. Later, the upsurge was halted as uncertainty prevailed in the market because of postFebruary 26 stand-off at the border with India escalating military operations ahead of the General Elections. However, staff-level agreement has been reached with the IMF for a bailout program, which will help in restoring the eroded confidence in the market that would allow an increased interest in the equity and debt markets of the country. 105
138. BLANK PAGE
139. CHAPTER 7 Inflation Inflation is a persistent change in the prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time . It is generally believed that persistently high inflation hurts economic growth and erodes the value of local currency. It has a diverse effect on perceptions and expectation of different segments of society and therefore has a differential impact on decision-making of different economic agents. Historically, Pakistan economy has seen ups and down in inflationary trends. 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 CPI 17.03 Food Non-Food Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 2018-19 (Jul-Apr) 2017-18 (Jul-Apr) 2017-18 2016-17 2015-16 2014-15 2013-14 2012-13 2011-12 2010-11 2009-10 2.86 2008-09 %Change Fig-7.1: Historical Trend of CPI, Food & Non-Food (2007-08=100) Years A persistent increase in the fiscal deficit during the last two years has been an important factor adding to demand pressures in the economy. During FY18, development expenditures declined, while growth in current expenditures accelerated. Thus, the composition of expenditure shifted from investment to more consumption. In this backdrop of higher economic activity and domestic demand, the growth in imports remained strong. Though all the major commodity groups except for food recorded strong growth, the major contribution to higher imports came from petroleum, machinery, metals, and chemicals. The pass-through of exchange rate depreciation and higher international commodity prices, in addition to strong underlying demand pressures, started to reflect in higher year-on-year inflation from May 2018. The core inflation – excluding volatile food and energy prices – after remaining sticky around 5.5 percent, picked up pace from March 2018 onwards. Yet, the average inflation was slightly lower during the year, primarily due to low food inflation on the back of more than sufficient food stocks available in the country. Closely watching these developments and the likely impact of an expansionary fiscal policy and worsening external accounts on the macroeconomic stability, especially the future inflation path, the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) raised the policy rate, reversing the multi-year easy monetary policy. The headline inflation measured by Consumer Price Index (CPI) during the last five years remained on average at 4.8 percent. The preceding fiscal year (FY 2018), CPI inflation was contained to 3.9
140. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 percent , with an end-period inflation of 5.2 percent, compared to 4.2 percent during FY 2017. The main reason for increase in inflation was the increase in prices of non-food items, which increased by 5.4 percent. The increase in non-food inflation was due to higher energy prices and strong overall domestic demand. Food inflation was only 1.8 percent, due to only a moderate increase in international prices of food items. Low food inflation helped in keeping overall inflation relatively low. The core inflation was recorded at 5.9 percent. The start of the current fiscal year FY 2019, CPI started rising. It increased to 5.8 percent in July 2018 and following three months after remaining sticky at 5 percent increased to 6.8 percent in October 2018. The spike witnessed in October 2018 was due to increase in gas prices. The Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority revised the retail prices of natural gas for various consumers after keeping them unchanged for about two years. The phenomenal increase of 9.4 percent witnessed in March 2019, while in April 2019 it slows down to 8.8 percent. The pressures on headline inflation are explained by adjustment in prices of electricity and gas, a significant increase in the perishable food prices, exchange rate depreciation along with reversal of global fuel prices. The most dominating push to inflation came from core inflation which has been on a rising trend since March 2018.1 The gradual buildup of domestic demand fanned by the past expansionary monetary and fiscal policies, was the main factor behind rising core inflation, which increased to 8.5 percent in March 2019. The core inflation has dropped to 7.0 percent in April 2019 (after Table 7.1: CPI Inflation 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 remaining above 8 percent during last seven Jul 4.1 2.9 5.8 months) as monetary tightening by the present Aug 3.6 3.4 5.8 government started to take effect. Although Sep 3.9 3.9 5.1 deceleration in core inflation is a welcome Oct 4.2 3.8 6.8 3.8 4.0 6.5 development, this may be a short-term relief as Nov 3.7 4.6 6.2 some measures (significant depreciation in the Dec Jan 3.7 4.4 7.2 value of local currency, unfreezing of energy Feb 4.2 3.8 8.2 prices, etc.) taken by the present government to Mar 4.9 3.2 9.4 stabilize the economy will have an adverse Apr 4.8 3.7 8.8 short-term effect on inflation. Average (Jul-Apr) 4.1 3.8 7.0 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics A trend of previous years and current year month wise inflation is given in the table. Fig-7.2: CPI Inflation 10 2016-17 9 2017-18 8 2018-19 % Change 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Months Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 1 In formulating its monetary policy, SBP uses the trend in core inflation as a good predictor for future inflation. 108 Mar Apr
141. Inflation During July-April FY2019 headline inflation measured by CPI averaged at 7 .00 percent against 3.77 percent on the back of the prevalence of some underlying demand in the economy as well as continued pass through of exchange rate depreciation and higher fuel prices. The international oil prices continued on their upward trajectory that government has partially passed on the impact. Core Inflation Core inflation is measured through the indices of 43 non-food non energy items. Non-food non-energy (NFNE) inflation is calculated by excluding food group and energy items (Kerosene oil, petrol, diesel, CNG, electricity and natural gas) from the CPI basket. Table 7.2 : Core Inflation 2017-18 July 5.6 August 5.5 September 5.4 October 5.3 November 5.5 December 5.5 January 5.2 February 5.2 March 5.8 April 7.0 Average (Jul-Apr) 5.6 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 2018-19 7.6 7.7 8.0 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.7 8.8 8.5 7.0 8.1 Core inflation remained sticky since the start of current fiscal year and reached to 8.8 percent in February 2019 the highest in last seven months of current fiscal year. The downward trend started in March 2019 and in April 2019 it slow down to 7.0 percent, while on average during July-April FY 2019, it is recorded at 8.11 percent compared to 5.60 percent of FY 2018. Considering these developments, the SBP is following a contractionary monetary policy and revised the policy rate to 12.25 percent as on 21st May 2019. The continuous increase in education and healthcare costs kept core inflation higher on average compared to the same period last year. The Table 7.2 shows the core inflation trend year-onyear basis. Fig-7.3: Core Inflation 2017-18 2018-19 10 % Change 9 8 7 6 5 4 Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr Months Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics Inflation by Income Group The Consumer Price Index is constructed for five income groups (a) Upto Rs.8000 (b) Upto Rs.8001-12000 (c) Upto Rs.12001-18000 (d) Upto Rs.18001-35000 (e) Above Rs.35000. During July- April 2018-19, the variation in the indices for these various income groups shows a mix pattern of movement from lower to higher income groups. Its comparative position is given in the following Table 7.3. 109
142. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Table 7 .3 : Inflation by Consumer Income Groups (Base Year 2007-08=100) Combined Upto Upto Rs. Upto Rs. Upto Rs. Rs.8000 8001-12000 12001-18000 18001-35000 2008-09 17.0 18.0 17.8 18.1 17.6 2009-10 10.1 10.5 10.5 10.6 10.3 2010-11 13.7 14.5 14.3 13.0 14.7 2011-12 11.0 10.0 10.6 10.5 10.8 2012-13 7.4 7.9 8.6 8.4 6.8 2013-14 8.6 8.8 8.5 9.1 9.1 2014-15 4.5 3.7 3.8 4.3 4.4 2015-16 2.9 2.4 2.8 2.4 3.0 2016-17 4.2 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.1 2017-18 3.9 2.8 3.1 3.2 3.5 Jul-Apr 2017-18 3.8 2.7 3.0 3.1 3.3 2018-19 7.0 4.9 5.3 5.5 6.9 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics Above Rs.35000 16.8 9.8 13.3 11.5 6.4 8.3 4.8 3.0 4.3 4.6 4.4 8.4 The higher income group experienced higher inflation as it recorded at 8.4 percent and lower income recorded at 4.9 percent compared to 4.4 and 2.7 percent respectively, of last year. The combined income group experienced 7.0 percent against 3.8 percent last year. Wholesale Price Index (WPI) The Wholesale Price Index (WPI) is influenced by the landed imports prices and local production. During current fiscal year, there has been a constant increase in WPI. The persistent jump in Wholesale prices is largely the result of the rise in landed prices of imported goods due to exchange rate adjustments along with upward movement of fuel and commodity prices. Fig-7.4: Wholesale Price Index (WPI) 2017-18 2018-19 16 14 12 %Change Table 7.4 : Wholesale Price Index (WPI) 2017-18 2018-19 July 0.7 10.5 August 1.0 11.0 September 1.6 9.2 October 2.3 13.1 November 2.9 13.5 December 3.4 12.1 January 4.7 9.9 February 4.1 11.0 March 3.6 12.6 April 4.0 13.8 Average (Jul-Apr) 2.8 11.7 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 10 8 6 4 2 0 Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics Jan Feb Mar Apr Months The following Table 7.5 shows the trend of various wholesale price groups. Table 7.5 : Wholesale Price Index Commodity General(WPI) Agriculture Forestry& and Fishery Non-Food Weights 100.00 25.77 68.89 110 Jul-Apr (%) 2017-18 2018-19 2.83 11.69 3.02 7.41 3.61 12.36 Point Contribution 2017-18 2018-19 2.83 11.69 0.78 1.91 2.49 8.51
143. Inflation Table 7 .5 : Wholesale Price Index Commodity Weights Ores & Minerals, electricity gas & water Food Products, Beverages and Tobacco, Textiles Apparel and Leather Products i) Food Products and Bev.& Tobacco ii) Textiles & Apparel iii) Leather Products Other Transportable Goods Except Metal Products, Machinery and Equipment Metal Products Machinery & Equipment Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS) Jul-Apr (%) 2017-18 2018-19 0.34 14.31 1.23 10.27 12.04 31.11 Point Contribution 2017-18 2018-19 0.04 1.72 0.38 3.19 20.07 10.33 0.71 22.37 -0.11 4.42 -1.18 7.67 7.62 13.79 33.07 21.15 -0.02 0.46 -0.01 1.72 1.53 1.42 0.23 4.73 8.71 2.37 6.70 0.21 0.58 During July-April FY 2019 the WPI inflation was at 11.69 percent, compared 2.83 percent of the corresponding period last year. Movement of various groups of WPI such as Agriculture forestry & Fishery increased by 7.41 percent, ores & minerals 14.31 percent, textiles & apparel 13.79 percent, leather 33.07 percent, other transportable 21.15 percent, metal machinery 6.70 percent as compared to 3.02 percent, 0.34 percent, 4.42 percent, -1.18 percent, 7.67 percent and 2.37 percent, respectively of the same period last year. In July 2018, the rupee depreciated by 4.4 percent. With a lag of one month, i.e. in August 2018, WPI recorded a double digit growth (of 11.0 percent). Likewise, the adjustments of 16.3 percent made in the value of rupee (vis-à-vis US dollar) between July-April period of FY2019, resulted an increase in WPI of 11.7 percent during the same period, with highest spike of 13.8 percent observed in April 2019. The foregoing analysis shows that there is a definite positive (and perhaps a lagged) impact of depreciation of rupee on WPI-inflation. Nonetheless, depreciation is not the only factor influencing WPI. Increase in domestic energy prices, continued impact of excessive monetization of government debt and some supply-side bottlenecks all contributed to WPI inflation. Fig-7.5: Inflation in Key Items (WPI) 45 40 35 30 % 25 20 15 10 111 Woven Fabrics Towels Steel Bar & Sheets Pipe Fittings Paints & Varnishes Motorcycles Motor Spirit Mobil Oil Lathe Machines Kerosine Oil Readymade Garments Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics Hosiery Products Hard Board Glass sheets Furnace Oil Footwears Fridge,WashM, SewM,Fans,Iron Fertilizers Diesel Oil Cotton Yarn Cotton Fabrics Chemicals Cement 0 Blended Yarn 5
144. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Sensitive Price Indicator (SPI) SPI monitors the prices of 53 most essential items taken from 17 different urban centres and is reported every week. The trend of this index is monitored regularly and immediate measures are taken to control fluctuation in prices. The year-on-year change in SPI during FY 2019 remained quite volatile. Table 7.6 : Sensitive Price Indicator (SPI) 2017-18 2018-19 July -0.6 3.6 August -0.1 3.3 September 1.9 1.0 October 2.1 1.3 November 2.1 1.3 December 2.2 2.0 January 2.0 3.7 February 0.5 6.5 March -1.8 8.8 April -0.5 9.3 Average (Jul-Apr) 0.8 4.0 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS) The annualized increase in SPI during July-April 201819 was recorded at 4.0 percent against 0.8 percent in the same period last year. Thirty three (33) major food items such as; wheat, wheat flour, tomatoes, onions, masoor pulse, moong pulse, mash pulse chicken, sugar, red chilies etc. having a weight of 68.19 percent influenced SPI by (+) 7.28 percent. Table 7.7: (%) Change in prices of major items of SPI Description Unit Wheat Wheat Flour, Bag Rice Basmati Broken, (AQ) Rice Irri-6 (Punjab/Sindh) Bread Plain, Medium Size Beef With Bone, (AQ) Mutton, Average Quality Chicken Farm, Broiler, Live Milk, Fresh, Unboiled Curd (Dahi) Powdered Milk, Nido, Polybag Eggs Hen, Farm Mustard Oil, Average Quality Cooking Oil, Tin, (SN) Vegetable Ghee, Tin, (SN) Vegetable Ghee (Loose) Bananas Pulse Masoor, Washed Pulse Moong, Washed Pulse Mash, Washed Pulse Gram, Washed Potatoes Onions Tomatoes Sugar, Refined Gur, Average Quality Salt Powder, Loose, Lahori Red Chilly Powder, Loose Garlic Tea, Lipton Yellow Label, Packet Cooked Beef, Average Hotel Cooked Daal, Average Hotel Tea Prepared, Average Hotel 10 Kg 10 Kg 1 Kg 1 Kg Each 1 Kg 1 Kg 1 Kg 1 Ltr 1 Kg 400 gm Dozen 1 Kg 2.5 Ltr 2.5 Kg 1 Kg Dozen 1 Kg 1 Kg 1 Kg 1 Kg 1 Kg 1 Kg 1 Kg 1 Kg 1 Kg 1 Kg 1 Kg 1 Kg 200 gm Plate Plate Cup Weights 0.6246 11.908 1.2987 0.2222 1.2783 3.985 2.8074 2.3882 15.7250 1.1850 0.0903 1.0400 0.1183 1.9032 2.9039 3.1109 0.7771 0.5377 0.5174 0.4912 1.0302 1.2907 1.3825 1.0554 4.4561 0.1134 0.1913 0.7964 0.3451 2.1985 0.5724 0.5771 1.2719 68.19 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS) 112 Apr19/ Apr18 4.0 3.2 5.8 11.5 2.9 12.8 9.4 9.1 5.7 2.9 6.6 -5.1 5.5 9.8 6.3 9.0 11.8 8.6 25.8 3.1 8.9 -4.9 57.8 106.5 24.2 23.5 9.5 29.6 33.4 12.5 9.2 5.0 10.8 Contribution (%) 0.02 0.39 0.07 0.03 0.04 0.51 0.27 0.22 0.90 0.03 0.01 -0.05 0.01 0.19 0.18 0.28 0.09 0.05 0.13 0.02 0.09 -0.06 0.80 1.12 1.08 0.03 0.02 0.24 0.12 0.28 0.05 0.03 0.14 7.28
145. Inflation Impact of global commodity prices During the start of current fiscal year , global commodity prices have been driven by a number of factors such as rising US interest rates, an appreciation of the US dollar, growing trade tensions between major economies and financial market pressures in some emerging market and developing economies. There has been an upward trend observed in international commodity prices like sugar increased by 7.7 percent, Palm oil 7.9 percent and soya bean oil 10.3 percent in April 2019 over July 2018. Prices of Crude oil follow boom bust phenomena. During current fiscal year, it reached to $ 80.5 per barrel in October 2018 then lowered down to $ 56.5 per barrel in December 2018 then again increased to $ 71.2 per barrel in April 2019. Table 7.8: International Prices of Major Commodities Sugar Palm Oil Soybean Oil $/Ton ($/Ton) ($/Ton) Jul-18 260.0 545.0 665.4 Aug-18 240.0 534.0 654.0 Sep-18 250.0 605.0 754.0 Oct-18 290.0 590.0 752.0 Nov-18 280.0 539.0 729.0 Dec-18 280.0 535.0 728.0 Jan-19 280.0 585.0 748.0 Feb-19 290.0 603.0 773.0 Mar-19 280.0 573.0 750.0 Apr-19 280.0 588.0 734.0 % Change Apr-19/Jul-18 7.7 7.9 10.3 Source: Commodities Price Pink Sheet Crude Oil ($/Brl) 74.4 73.1 78.9 80.5 65.2 56.5 59.3 64.1 66.4 71.2 Wheat ($/Ton) 218.3 236.6 212.4 213.5 203.6 211.3 209.8 219.0 205.8 199.5 Tea $/Ton 2890.0 2770.0 2670.0 2740.0 2700.0 2620.0 2540.0 2380.0 2380.0 2650.0 DAP $/MT 400.8 409.0 421.6 420.8 410.2 389.7 382.1 357.4 335.0 323.8 -4.3 -8.6 -8.3 -19.2 The FAO Food Price Index (FFPI) rose in April 2019 to around 170 points, 1.5 percent (2.5 points) higher than in March and marking its highest value since June 2018. At this level, the FFPI would still remain 2.3 percent below its level in the corresponding month last year. Except for the sub-index for cereals, all the other sub-indices firmed in April, led by dairy and meat, and to a lesser extent vegetable oils and sugar. Among the cereals, wheat prices fell the most in April, influenced by prospects for a strong rebound in the 2019 production, amid large exportable supplies. Maize prices were also lower, mostly because of expectations of larger South American crops. By contrast, FAO's rice price index was generally stable in April, amid diverging trends across the various market segments and origin. Fig-7.6: FAO Food Commodity Prices 113
146. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Conclusion The rising input costs on the back of high utility prices and the lagged impact of exchange rate depreciation likely to maintain upward pressure on inflation in the following month of current fiscal year . The impact will be more visible in non food prices while the food prices likely to remain stable due to effective monitoring of prices and smooth supply of essential items by the federal and provincial governments. The headline CPI inflation is projected to fall in the range of 7.0 to 8.0 percent in FY2019, and it is anticipated to be considerably higher in FY 2020 due to any further adjustment of energy prices, volatility in international oil prices along with rationalization of taxes. 114
147. CHAPTER 8 Trade and Payments According to World Economic Outlook global growth is expected to be moderate for the year 2019 . Global trade during 2018 remained slow on account of decelerated export orders and global manufacturing activity, particularly in capital goods. Global output and investments are likely to be suppressed in 2019 due to uncertain business environment stemming from expected disorderly Brexit and US fiscal policy. Prices of metal and agricultural commodities also weakened due to concerns about fluctuation in trade and growth. However, if these differences are resolved without any further trade barriers and softener financial situation is observed then growth could be lifted up. Major economies, like US and China, involved in trade tension have affected almost 2.5 percent of global trade says World Bank Report. In contrast, some developing economies may be beneficiaries of trade diversion as prices of these targeted goods may rise in US and China. The Year 2019 is proving to be a very hard for global growth which is projected to slowdown to 3.3 percent in 2019 from 3.6 in 2018. Leading global institutions and agencies including IMF and World Bank are continuously downgrading their global growth projections. Developed and developing economies are finding it hard to stay on the upward trajectory of growth. Recession is silently cannibalizing the growth targets. Global trade has been at a historic low since the recession in 2008, declining to -3 percent in January 2019 from 11 percent in January 2018. Fig-8.1: Pakistan's Export Growth vs. Global Exports (Jan 2018-Jan 2019) 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 11% 5% 0% -3% -5% Dec Nov Oct Jul Aug Sep Pakistan Jan (2019) World Jun May Apr Feb Mar -10% Jan China’s exports declined by 21 percent in February 2019. India’s export declined from double digit 18 percent in October 2018 to 2 percent in February 2019. Bangladesh’s exports declined from 55 percent in October 2018 to 7 percent in January 2019. Indonesia and Thailand have posted negative growth since the onset of the muted recession. The global demand is falling which clearly indicates waning consumer and business sentiment. Protectionist measures, trade tensions, ineffective stimulus packages, geopolitical uncertainties may hurt future growth. Balance of Payments Pakistan witnessed the highest export of US$ 25.1 billion in 2013-14. However, in subsequent years exports have declined considerably. This declined started from financial year 2014-15 when an international commodity slump set in. This was compounded by structural supply side constraints including energy shortages, high input costs and an overvalued exchange rate. From financial year 2014 to 2016, exports declined by 12.4 percent. Exports growth trend over this period was similar to the world trade growth patterns.
148. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 In FY2018 , global economic changes like increased oil prices (60.06 $/brl), trade protectionism and regional frictions affected many developed and developing economies including Pakistan. However, in Pakistan this situation was aggravated due to insufficient FX reserves together with increased import bills, deteriorating trade balance and stagnant remittances. During FY2018 Pakistan’s exports picked up and reached to US$ 24.7 billion showing a growth of 12.57 percent over previous year FY 2017. Imports on the other hand also increased by 16.25 percent and touched the highest figure of US$ 56.6 billion. As a result the trade deficit widened to US$ 31.8 billion which was the highest since last ten years. Historically remittances have been providing support to sustain current account deficit as a buffer against the trade deficit with average growth rate of 7.7 percent during last five years. Current account deficit widened to US$ 3.1 billion in FY2013-14 to US$ 19.89 billion in FY2017-18 depicting the increase of US$ 16.8 billion. CAD was highest by 6.3 percent in FY2017-18 as a percentage of GDP. However, the present government took this challenging issue and focused on anchoring the increasing import bill by restricting unnecessary imports which started eroding the competitive edge of domestic industry including the exports units. A number of measures have been taken in this regard which helped in reducing the import bill and simultaneously formed a stimulus for sustainable economic growth by improving competitiveness and efficiency of the industry especially export oriented and import substituting units and reducing anomalies and cost of doing business. Further, macro adjustment policies, such as monetary tightening, exchange rate adjustments, cuts in development spending, started paying dividends. The current account deficit declined by a sizable amount of 26.9 percent on year on year basis US$ 11.58 billion during Jul-Apr FY19. The impact played out through both goods and services imports, which declined by 4.9 percent and 18.58 percent respectively during the period. Major support to the current account also came from an 8.45 percent increase in workers’ remittances, led by higher inflows from advanced economies. However, exports emerged as a cause for concern, with receipts declining 1.9 percent during Jul-Apr FY19. Table 8.1: Summary Balance of Payments Items July-June July-April 2016-17 2017-18 2017-18 2018-19 P Current Account Balance Trade Balance Exports of Goods FOB Imports of Goods FOB Service Balance Exports of Services Imports of Services Income Account Balance Income: Credit Income: Debit Balance on Secondary Income Of which: Workers’ Remittances P: Provisional Source: State Bank of Pakistan -12621 -19897 -15864 -26,680 -31824 -25,813 22003 24768 20,489 48,683 56592 46,302 -4,339 -6068 -5,041 5,555 5288 4,379 9894 11356 9,420 -5048 -5484 -4229 662 679 568 5710 6163 4,797 23446 23479 19,219 19351 19914 16,482 -11,586 -23,934 20,099 44,033 -3,217 4,453 7,670 -4458 564 5,022 20,023 17,875 Pakistan trade deficit has decreased by US$ 1.879 billion in the current fiscal year (July-April 201819). Pakistan’s exports during the period July-April (FY 2019) stood at US$ 20.01 billion compared with US$ 20.49 billion during the corresponding period of FY 2018. It reflects a 1.9 percent decline in dollar terms. Pakistan’s imports during the period July-April (FY 2019) stood at US$ 44.03 billion compared with US$ 46.302 billion during the corresponding period of FY 2018. It reflects a 4.9 percent decrease in dollar terms. Overall, the trade deficit has decreased by 7.28 percent in the JulApr FY2019 to US$ 23.93 billion from US$ 25.81 billion in the same period last year. Current Account Pakistan’s current account deficit has seen containment in FY 2019. Current account deficit reached to US$ 11.586 billion in July-April FY2019 as compared to US$ 15.864 billion in the same period last year showing a contraction of 26.9 percent. This is mainly attributed to healthy remittances 116
149. Trade and Payments inflows and low import bills . On the import side, the entire decline of 4.9 percent in payments during the period July-April FY2019 came from non-energy products. As early harvest CPEC power projects reached completion, an expected decline in import payments for power generation and electrical machinery was noted. At the same time, cuts in development spending and a general slowdown in economic activities reduced the demand for imported construction-related items, particularly construction machinery and iron and steel. Further, support came from 18.4 percent decline in transport import payments. Lower purchases of aircraft and related parts, and old ships for ship breaking, were mostly responsible. On year on year basis, current account deficit has been continuously shrinking. However, month on month shows that it amounted to US$ 1241 million in April FY2019 as compared to US$ 871 million in March FY2019. Decreasing exports and low remittances, specifically from EU and UAE, pushed up CAB in April FY2019. Fig-8.2: Monthly Current Account Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr 0 US$ million -500 -1000 -1500 -2000 FY2018 FY2019 -2500 Table 8.2: Current Account Deficit Year Current Account Deficit 1.971 Jun-FY18 % Change MoM $ Billion Year Current Account Deficit % Change YoY Year Current Account Deficit -5.8 Jul- FY 18 Year Current Account Deficit Average Growth in CA deficit % Jul-FY18 2.13 7.8 Jul-FY17 2.26 2.13 Jul- FY 17 2.26 -5.8 Aug-FY18 0.72 -66.2 Aug-FY17 0.99 -27.1 Jul- Aug FY18 2.85 Jul-Aug FY17 3.25 -12.3 Sept-FY18 0.91 26.9 Sept-FY17 1.22 -25.1 Jul- Sep FY18 3.76 Jul-Sep FY17 4.47 -15.8 Oct-FY18 1.15 26.1 Oct-FY17 1.31 -11.6 Jul- Oct FY18 4.92 Jul-Oct FY17 5.77 -14.8 Nov-FY18 1.15 0.1 Nov FY17 1.73 -33.3 Jul- Nov FY18 6.07 Jul-Nov FY17 7.51 -19.1 Dec-FY18 1.54 33.8 Dec- FY17 1.52 1.3 Jul- Dec FY18 7.62 Jul-Dec- FY17 9.03 -15.7 Jan-FY19 0.87 -43.5 Jan- FY18 1.79 -51.1 Jul- Jan FY19 8.49 Jul-Jan- FY18 10.82 -21.5 Feb-FY19 0.28 -68.2 Feb- FY18 1.29 -78.4 Jul- Feb FY19 8.77 Jul-Feb- FY18 12.10 -27.6 Mar-FY19 0.87 213.3 Mar- FY18 1.49 -41.4 Jul- Mar FY19 9.64 Jul-Mar FY18 13.59 -29.1 Apr-FY19 1.24 42.5 Apr- FY18 2.28 -45.5 Jul- Apr FY19 11.59 Jul-Apr FY18 15.86 -27.0 10 0 150 -10 100 -20 50 -30 0 -40 -50 -50 -60 -70 Apr-19 Mar-19 Feb-19 Jan-19 Dec-18 Nov-18 Oct-18 Sep-18 Aug-18 Jul-18 -100 -80 -90 117 Apr-19 Mar-19 Feb-19 Jan-19 Dec-18 Nov-18 Oct-18 200 Sep-18 Jul-18 250 Aug-18 Fig: 8.4 CA deficit, % Change YoY Fig-8.3: CA deficit, % Change MoM
150. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Trade and Services Balance Trade account especially services trade presented a positive picture in FY2019 . After a lackluster performance in first four months of FY2019, trade in goods started picking up the pace. This was mainly due to the macro adjustment policy measures taken by the present government to curb imports. Goods Trade balance shrunk by 7.3 percent in Jul-Apr FY2019 to US$ 23.93 billion as compared to US$ 25.81 billion in the corresponding period last year. On the other hand, services sector remained on positive trajectory throughout FY2019. Major shift in current account balance also came from services sector which contracted by 36.18 percent to US$ 3.217 billion during JulyApril FY2019 as compared US$ 5.04 billion in the same period last year. Export of services remained stable but a visible decline in services import has been observed in transport, travel, financial services and construction sector, specifically. Fig: 8.6 Trade Balance in Services Fig: 8.5 Trade Balance in Goods Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr Jul 0 Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr 0 -500 -100 US$ million US$ million -1000 -1500 -2000 -200 -300 -400 -2500 -3000 -500 -3500 -600 FY2018 Source: SBP FY2019 Source: SBP FY2018 FY2019 Workers’ Remittances The remittances have always been a key source of balance of payment support. The remittances registered a significant growth of 8.45 percent during July-April FY 2019 as compared to 5.36 percent last year and reached to US$ 17.875 billion during first ten months of current fiscal year against US$ 16.482 billion during the same period last year. On the back of initiatives taken by the government and the trend observed, it is expected that target of US$ 21.2 billion for FY 2019 is likely to be achieved. Table 8.3: Country/Region Wise Cash Worker's Remittances Country/Region July-April 2017-18 2018-19 Saudi Arabia 4.09 4.18 U.A.E. 3.64 USA 2.29 U.K. Other GCC Country Fig: 8.7 Worker's Remittances Jul-April FY2019 ($ billion) % Change Others Countries, 5.07 Share 2.08 23.36 3.79 4.04 21.19 2.79 21.82 15.59 2.36 2.76 16.59 15.41 1.82 1.72 -5.40 9.61 Malaysia 0.93 1.26 35.77 7.06 Others Countries 0.82 0.91 10.39 5.07 EU Countries 0.54 0.49 -9.28 2.72 16.48 17.88 8.45 100.00 Total EU Countries, 2.72 Malaysia, 7.06 Other GCC Country, 9.61 U.K., 15.41 U.A.E., 21.19 USA, 15.59 Source : State Bank of Pakistan 118 Saudi Arabia, 23.36
151. Trade and Payments The major share of remittances are from Saudi Arabia 23 .36 percent(US $ 4175.32 million), U.A.E 21.19 percent (US $ 3786.96 million), USA 15.6 percent (US $ 2786.35 million), U.K 15.41 (US $ 2755.52 million) , other GCC countries 9.61 percent ( US $ 1717.86 million), Malaysia 7.06 percent ( US $ 1262.67 million ), EU 2.72 percent ( US $ 485.89 million) and other countries 5.07 percent. The remittances during July-April FY2019 have declined by 9.28 percent from EU countries, 5.40 percent from other GCC countries. However, a marginal increase in remittances has been observed from Saudi Arabia, 2.08 percent as compared to 9.5 percent decline in the same periods last year. However, visa fee reduction from the Kingdom is likely to boost up the inflows in coming years. A strong increase from USA and UK provided a major push to inflows. Remittances increased by 21.82 percent form USA and 16.59 percent from UK. Economic turnaround, declining unemployment and rising wages in the US and the UK in the recent past have supported inflows from these countries. Besides the US and the UK, inflows from Malaysia also supported overall remittances, with inflows amounting to US$ 1.262 billion in July-April FY2019. Over the last couple of years, Malaysia has been facing workforce shortage in labor-intensive sectors, such as manufacturing, construction and agriculture. To address the problem, Malaysia raised the wages for both local and foreign workers in its minimum wage policy of 2013. Following this, the number of Pakistanis going to Malaysia for work has been rising since 2014-15, leading to increase in remittances from the country. To further enhance the remittances the government has taken number of initiatives given in the following box. Box-I: Initiatives Taken During FY2018-19 to Increase Home Remittances  Extension in home remittance services In order to further facilitate overseas Pakistanis/resident Pakistanis, banks are allowed to affect Business to Customer (B2C) and Customer to Business (C2B) transactions through foreign correspondent entities under their existing/new home remittance agency arrangements. This extension was announced in October 2018. Resultantly, under B2C transaction freelance payments and pension payments can be received upto a certain threshold by resident Pakistanis from overseas companies. Whereas overseas Pakistanis will be allowed to pay their Utility Bills, School fees, Hospital charges, Superstores bills, Insurance fees, Credit Card Payments, purchase/pay installment of property such as residential plots, flats and buildings etc.  Incentive Scheme for financial institutions In order to encourage domestic banks/microfinance banks/exchange companies providing home remittance disbursement services, a performance based scheme has been developed to enhance their marketing/promotional/awareness efforts for home remittance products and services. The Government of Pakistan (GOP) shall reimburse these expenses through SBP as given below: Home Remittances mobilized by domestic Banks/MFBs/ECs (in equivalent US$) Marketing Expenses Reimbursement Home remittances exceeding 15 percent growth in FY 2018-19 compared with the levels achieved in FY 2017-18. Rs. 1 per each incremental USD mobilized over 15 percent growth  Rationalization of M-Wallet Scheme: Beneficiary of remittances were offered Rs. 1 airtime per USD received in their M-Wallet under the ‘Promotion of Home Remittance Scheme through M Wallet’ introduced in 2017. In order to further promote Home Remittances through BB Channel, the incentive of airtime has been increased from Rs. 1 to Rs. 2 against each USD received as home remittances through M-Wallet. The amendment was made in December 2018.  Second Pakistan Remittance Summit Second “Pakistan Remittance Summit 2019” was held on April 2019 in Dubai, UAE. This Summit was organized by the top five remittance receiving banks in Pakistan under the patronage of State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) and Pakistan Remittance Initiative (PRI). The summit shed light on the importance of workers’ remittances for the development and support of 119
152. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Pakistan ’s economy and the measures being taken by SBP/PRI and the banks in Pakistan to increase remittances through official channels.  Media/Awareness Campaign to Promote Remittances through Formal Channels SBP/PRI have launched an awareness/marketing campaign for the promotion of formal channels with the following objectives: I. To inform the remittance customers about the existence and facilities of sending remittances through formal channels II. To position formal channels as the industry front runner in enabling reliable and efficient home remittance transactions through a network of banks, exchange companies and Pakistan Post III. To inform remittance customers that use of Hawala is illegal  Block-Chain Based Remittance Model (From Malaysia To Pakistan) Technology has been a crucial feature in facilitating overseas Pakistanis and their beneficiaries in remote areas. Banks are continuously guided to introduce better and efficient technology based products. It is with the help of Block-Chain technology that wallet-to-wallet remittance service reaches Pakistan from Malaysia instantaneously and in a secure way. Valyou in Malaysia and Telenor Microfinance Bank in Pakistan launched cross-border remittance service through e-wallet platform in January 2019, which is based on block-chain technology developed by Alipay, a subsidiary of ANT Financial.  Reduction in Visa Fee (Qatar and Saudi Arabia) Saudi Arabia has drastically reduced the visit visa fee for Pakistanis from $533 (Dh1, 945) to $90 (Dh328), according to a notification issued by the Saudi Arabian Embassy in Islamabad. Moreover, Qatar is offering Visa on Arrival to all Pakistani Passport holders. Qatar plans to issue work visa to around 100,000 Pakistanis in different sectors. Pakistan offered assistance of Pakistani workforce and professionals in Qatar’s development activities. These measures will increase the workforce in these countries and will ultimately boost remittances. Source: State Bank of Pakistan Capital Account Non produced and nonfinancial assets with net capital transfers are presented in capital account. In Pakistan, capital account did not play a significant role in external sector and remained stagnant over the years. Capital account balance has decreased to US$ 176 million in July-April FY2019 as compared to US $ 305 million in the same period last year. Financial Account The financial account recorded a surplus of US$ 11.32 billion during July-April FY2019 as compared to the surplus of US$ 11.35 billion in the corresponding period. Bilateral inflows from China, Saudi Arabia and UAE helped in uplifting financial condition of Pakistan. This was unlike last year, when Euro and Sukuk bonds with other short-term commercial borrowings had dominated. Official inflows from these friendly countries amounted US$ 9.2 billion between July-March FY2019. This partially offset the decline in net FDI and accelerating outflows from FPI, and also enabled the government to make the debt repayments coming due in the period. Table 8.4: Capital and Financial Account Items 2014-15 Capital Account Balance Financial Account Balance Direct Investment in Pakistan Portfolio Investment in Pakistan Net Incurrence of Liabilities P: Provisional Source: State Bank of Pakistan 375 -5074 988 -1886 2200 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 273 -6790 2305 429 5029 375 -10198 2749 -251 8965 376 -14300 3471 2209 8855 120 US $ Million July-April 2017-18 2018-19 P 305 176 -11,350 -11,322 2849 1,376 2314 -1397 6392 11,456
153. Trade and Payments Foreign Direct Investment Foreign investment is on low growth trajectory . It dropped by 51.7 percent in July-April FY2019 to US $ 1.376 billion as compared to US $ 2.849 billion in July-April FY2018. FDI from China remained at 31.2 percent of overall inflows as compared to 60.5 percent in the preceding year. However, China continued to dominate direct investment followed by UK and Hongkong. A considerable decline in investment from Malaysia has been observed in this period. However, Pakistan has improved its position on ease of doing business index and jumped to 136th position as compared to 147th position last year out of total 190 economies. This will surely attract foreign investors and will boost FDI. Furthermore, Pakistan carried out three reforms during the past year in the areas of starting a business, registering property and resolving insolvency, according to the World Bank’s annual report titled “Ease of Doing Business 2019”. Among regional peers Pakistan ranked behind Bhutan (89), India (77), Nepal (110), and Srilanka (100), only ahead of Bangladesh (176) Maldives (139), and Afghanistan (167). In terms of sectors, construction sector replaced the power sector in attracting highest net FDI of US $ 386.8 million followed by oil and gas exploration US $ 287.3 million and financial business US $ 256.5 million. Power sector being the main contributor to drag down the overall inflows showed a sharp decline of 127.21 percent in July-April FY2019 as compared to the same period last year. This is mainly due to the completion of early harvest CPEC projects. Though there have been increased inflows in electrical machinery and financial business. Yet power sector declined inflows could partially be compensated. The focus of the current government is to improve the investment climate to attract foreign investment in the country. For the purpose, the government has taken different initiatives at the international level. Pakistan has recently signed offshore Gas Pipeline deal with Russia. Similarly, Saudi Arab has shown interest to invest in a new oil refinery in Pakistan's growing deep-sea port of Gawadar which is likely to increase FDI in Pakistan. Moreover, Prime Minister’s recent visits to Malaysia and UAE would also be helpful in attracting more FDI. Foreign Portfolio Investment Foreign portfolio investment account witnessed outflows of US$ 1.27 billion during July-April FY2019 as compared to US$ 2.352 billion inflows in the same period last year. It is worth to be mentioned that previous government had mobilized US$ 2.5 billion in FY2018 by issuing Eurobond and Sukuk in December 2017. That was the main reason of the hump in FPI last year. Amid the decline in foreign investment, external financing from bilateral sources were quite helpful. Table 8.5: Foreign Investment FY2017 FY2018 R ($ Million) July-April Fig: 8.8 Country-Wise FDI (July-April FY 2019) FY2018 R FY2019 P A. Foreign Private Investment Foreign Direct Investment Inflow Outflow Portfolio Investment Equity Securities Debt Securities B. Foreign Public Investment Portfolio Investment Total Foreign Investment (A+B) P: Provisional Source: State Bank of Pakistan 2234.0 2746.8 3451 704.2 -512.8 -512.8 3230.5 3471.2 4185.4 714.2 -240.7 -240.7 2713 968 2849.1 1376.1 3440.4 2684.3 591.3 1308.2 -136.2 -408.1 -136.2 -408.1 All Other 33% Netherlands 5% 262.1 2450.5 2450.5 990.6 262.1 2450.5 2450.5 990.6 2496.1 5681 5163.5 22.6 Malaysia 2% Switerland 2% U.S.A 5% 121 China 31% U.K 12% Hongkong 10%
154. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Fig-8 .9: Sector Wise FDI 1200 1000 Jul-Apr FY2018 800 Jul-Apr FY2019 600 400 200 0 -200 All other Transport Transport Equipment Electrical Machinery Chemicals Textile Beverages Food Financial Business Construction Oil & Gas Explorationtions Power -400 Reserves and Exchange Rate Although the higher import bills and debt repayments led to depletion of FR reserves. Yet it was stabilized with the help of monetary inflows from friendly countries. Foreign exchange reserves stood at US$ 15.722 billion till end-April FY2019. This was below than the total reserves of US$ 17.519 billion of the same period last year. Out of this SBP reserves were US$ 8.781 billion, where reserves held with commercial banks were US$ 6.941 billion. A sharp decline in SBP reserves observed in first half of FY2019 when official reserves of SBP declined by US$ 3.02 billion. This decline was mainly due to the unavailability of sufficient FX reserves to finance country’s growing import bill. This was the main contributor of shrinking total FX reserves since net reserves with commercial banks were on a stable path. However, in the second half of FY2019 it picked up the pace. Though the Eurobond and Sukuk had provided some relief to falling FX reserves last year, Pakistan had received US$ 9.2 billion as a financial support from China, Saudi Arabia and UAE between July 1, 2018 and end-March 2019. Moreover, government is about to launch Panda bonds in near future likely to be in the range of US$ 1.3 billion which will help in build up the reserves. Recent positive development of deferred oil payment worth of US$ 3.2 billion from Saudi Arabia will also help easing pressure on reserves and balance of payment. It would become operational from July 2019. Fig: 8.10. Foreign Exchange Reserves Net Reserves With SBP 20000 Net Reserve with Banks Total Liquid Reserve 18000 16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 FY2018 JUL FY2019 AUG FY2019 SEP FY2019 OCT FY2019 NOV FY2019 122 DEC FY2019 JAN FY2019 FEB FY2019 MAR FY2019 APR FY2019
155. Trade and Payments Table : 8.6 Liquid Forex Reserves (Million US$) Net Reserves With SBP FY2018 9,765.20 July FY2019 10,223.70 August FY2019 9,886.40 September FY2019 8,408.70 October FY2019 7,602.20 November FY2019 7,502.10 December FY2019 7,203.70 January FY2019 8,192.40 February FY2019 8,085.60 March FY2019 10,492.00 April FY2019 8,781.30 Source: State Bank of Pakistan The PKR also remained under pressure during the year, as despite the decline in the current account gap, it stayed at a high level. Responding to the resulting payment pressures, the PKR depreciated by 14.1 percent against the US Dollar between July 1, 2018 and April 22, 2019. Net Reserve with Banks 6,618.40 6,679.70 6,504.70 6,512.00 6,414.20 6,509.30 6,553.10 6,728.50 6,865.40 6,925.10 6,941.30 Total Liquid Reserve 16,383.60 16,903.40 16,391.10 14,920.70 14,016.40 14,011.40 13,756.80 14,920.90 14,951.00 17,417.10 15,722.60 Fig: 8.11 Trend in PKR's NEER, RPI and REER 10 5 0 Pakistan’s nominal effective exchange rate (NEER) depreciated by 12 percent during Jul-Mar FY2019 as compared to 10 percent depreciation in the same period last year. On the other hand, real effective exchange rate (REER) depreciated by 7 percent, driven by both RPI and NEER specifically. Since local currency weakened significantly against all the major currencies during the period. -5 Jul-Mar, FY19 % Change -10 Jul-Mar, FY18 % Change -15 NEER RPI REER Pakistan’s REER index has exceeded the NEER index. Technically, higher REER suggests that prevailing exchange rate has overvalued. The gap arises when the export basket of a country faces higher cost of doing business in a country and hence, losses export competitiveness viz-a-viz it’s trading partners. In the current fiscal year FY2019, as of May 20, 2019, PKR cumulatively depreciated by 18.7 percent against the US$ since end June 2018. In effective terms, up till March 2019, NEER depreciated by 12.1 percent. However, unlike FY2018, recovery in oil prices, increase in energy tariffs, and certain lagged pass-through effect of PKR depreciation in FY2019 widened the gap between Pakistan’s and its trading partners’ inflation. This in turn limits the adjustment in REER, which up till March 2019 has depreciated by 6.1 percent since end June 2018. Nevertheless, these recent adjustments in PKR exchange rate have helped in bringing its real value close to historical trend. It would not only help in reducing the risks arising from the external sector’s vulnerabilities in the medium-term but would also prove to be beneficial to revive much needed recovery in the export-oriented sectors. While the fuller impact of PKR depreciation would take some time to completely unfold (and depends upon both conducive external demand and domestic supply situation), its preliminary affect is already visible from the reduction in external trade deficit, and thus current account deficit 123
156. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Exports The current government is focusing on making the exports a driver of sustainable economic growth . It is endeavoring to improve competitiveness and efficiency of the industry especially exportoriented sector and import substituting production, reducing structural anomalies and improving trade by increasing institutional efficiencies and reducing cost of doing business. The export target for FY2019 was set at US$ 28 billion. Exports registered a decline of 0.1 percent growth during July-April FY2019. As per PBS data, exports during July-April FY2019 reached to US$ 19.17 billion as compared to US$ 19.19 in July-April FY2018. A slowdown in economic growth in the EU, along with spillovers from US-China trade tensions, led to subdued performance in exports. Textile sector remained the most vulnerable sector in these global headwinds. FY2018 Fig: 8.12 Monthly Exports $ Million FY2019 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 July August September October November December January February March April Monthly analysis shows that global synchronized slowdown has started hitting our economy. After showing some resilience exports started to retreat. However, March 2018 showed a phenomenal growth with US$ 2.2 billion exports in one month so it was expected that the March 2019 might not be that much phenomenal. April 2019 has registered highest export figure in the current fiscal year. It is pertinent to note that exports remained above US$ 2 billion in four months of FY2019. However, overall exports have got dampened due to global headwinds. April March February January December November October September 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 August Fig: 8.13 MoM Change in Exports FY2019 July Table 8.7: Exports US$ Million Month FY 2019 MoM July 1,638 August 2,013 22.92 September 1,723 -14.41 October 1,896 10.05 November 1,839 -3.02 December 2,072 12.70 January 2,035 -1.83 February 1,881 -7.55 March 1,979 5.22 April 2,094 5.81 Jul-Apr 19,169 Source : Pakistan Bureau of Statistics The government has taken number of initiatives like economic reform package (2019), supply of gas and electricity to zero rated industry at lower cost, continuation of prime minister’s export package 124
157. Trade and Payments of 2017 , sales tax refunds and duty drawbacks, incentive package (2019) and formulation of Strategic Trade Policy Framework (2018-2023). Government has reduced cost of production of textile sector by abolishing regulatory duty on cotton imports. Moreover, second free trade agreement has been signed with China, providing tariff concessions to 313 items. Pakistan is expanding its marketing and trade promotion campaign to all the major markets. The State Bank of Pakistan has maintained low rates for export refinancing schemes and fixed investment to allow export sector industries to make investments on competitive basis. In order to increase exports, the government has continued the five export oriented sectors including textile, leather, sports goods, surgical goods and carpets - as part of zero rated sales tax regime. Devaluation has surely increased the cost of imported raw materials. However, this has been largely offset by the generous export incentives provided including larger export rebates, withdrawal of import duties on inputs of raw materials and intermediate goods and, more recently, the issuance of promissory notes against refunds due along with subsidies on gas and electricity consumed. All these measures likely to pay dividend with lag effect. Merchandise Exports During July-March FY2019, the exports reached to US$ 17.07 billion as compared to US$ 17.06 billion in the same period last year, which shows a meager growth of 0.1 percent as compared to 11.6 percent growth same period last year. Disaggregated analysis suggest that performance of all the groups including food group, textile group, petroleum group and other manufactured groups remained subdued in the current fiscal year on the account of global headwinds. Table 8.8 : Structure Of Exports Particulars A. B. C. Total Food Group Rice Sugar Fish & Fish Preparation Fruits Vegetables Wheat Spices Oil Seeds, Nuts & Kernels Meat & Meat Preparation Other Food Items Textile Manufactures Raw Cotton Cotton Yarn Cotton Cloth Knitwear Bed wear Towels Readymade Garments Made-up articles Other Textile Manufactures Petroleum Group Million July-March Values in Dollars 2017-18 2018-19 (P) % Change 17064.5 3430.346 1,494.7 362.0 315.6 339.8 172.6 59.7 59.7 31.9 159.2 435.1 9,983.1 55.8 987.8 1,630.3 1,971.9 1,674.1 598.8 1,918.3 513.4 632.7 155.2 17075.8 3348.144 1487.51 115.13 293.887 369.225 168.338 121.872 68.445 69.479 156.901 497.357 9991.428 15.721 835.325 1596.271 2155.039 1719.185 587.779 1957.018 519.857 605.233 154.922 125 0.1 -2.40 -0.48 -68.20 -6.88 8.66 -2.48 104.11 14.65 117.88 -1.42 14.30 0.08 -71.84 -15.44 -2.09 9.29 2.69 -1.85 2.02 1.26 -4.33 -0.17 July-March Quantity 2017-18 2018-19 (P) % Change in Quantity 3124975 1010655 137819 624003 2969636 377677 130830 670464 -4.97 -62.63 -5.07 7.45 15799 25674 43906 18428 48485 43489 16.64 88.85 -0.95 33862 380434 1666130 77712 279460 154237 29289 9744 320525 1967303 89231 308150 137318 37528 -71.2 -15.75 18.08 14.82 10.27 -10.97 28.13
158. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Table 8 .8 : Structure Of Exports Particulars Petroleum Products Petroleum Top Neptha D. Other Manufactures Carpets, Rugs & Mats Sports Goods Leather Tanned Leather Manufactures Surgical Goods. & Med. Inst. Chemical & Pharma. Pro. Engineering Goods Jeweler Cement Guar & Guar Products All Other Manufactures E. All Other items P : Provisional Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics Million July-March Values in Dollars 2017-18 2018-19 (P) % Change 115.9 39.3 2,527.7 57.9 244.5 240.4 391.7 283.8 794.8 141.9 5.1 166.6 26.3 174.6 968.2 107.111 47.811 2489.681 50.688 222.445 187.936 358.771 279.667 839.883 126.575 3.83 221.258 26.62 172.008 1086.625 -7.56 21.61 -1.50 -12.51 -9.04 -21.83 -8.41 -1.46 5.68 -10.81 -24.22 32.81 1.04 -1.50 12.23 July-March Quantity 2017-18 2018-19 (P) % Change in Quantity 185067 90699 148388 84880 -19.82 -6.42 1345 1189 -11.60 19232 15568 -19.05 3338065 17537 5188661 16812 55.44 -4.13 Food group constituting 19.6 percent of overall exports posted a decline of 2.4 percent as compared to same period last year. Within the food group, export of rice comprises 44.4 percent of total food group declined by 0.5 percent causing a major setback in overall food exports. The quantum drop in rice was 5.0 percent but its value declined by 0.5 percent. This underwhelming picture is attributed to the competition faced by Pakistan from its competitors like Africa and China. Pakistani exporters are facing tough time against Chinese competitors as they are offloading their stock at lower prices. However, to tackle this situation government is taking necessary steps including reclaiming traditional markets besides accessing to new markets. Removal of restriction by Qatar on Pakistani rice export is a step in this direction that will reclaim Pakistan’s share in the global rice market. Moreover, China has agreed to give duty free access to 200,000 tons of rice from Pakistan in the current calendar year. Among other products fruits, capturing the second highest position in food group, posted a growth of 8.7 percent in value during the current fiscal year. Pakistan managed to explore new international markets for this group by participating in Berlin fair. The other important components of food group which registered a positive growth include oil seeds, nuts & kernels, spices and wheat. Sugar exports declined by 68.2 percent on account of the withdrawal of subsidies and completion of earlier announced quotas. Exports of textile manufacturers, which accounts 58.5 percent in total exports witnessed a trivial growth of 0.1 percent and remained at US$ 9.99 billion in July-March FY2019 as compared to US$ 9.98 billion during the same period last year. Within the group, knitwear and bed wear registered a positive growth but it was offset by the decline in cotton yarn and cotton cloth. Low demand from EU and lower unit prices, particularly for knitwear, contributed to the lackluster performance of this group. Textile trade agreements have been signed at Texpo Pakistan 2019 which will support textile exports. Export of the textile items like knitwear comprises 12.6 percent of total exports and 21.6 percent of textile exports increased in both quantity and value by 14.8 and 9.29 percent respectively. Readymade garments with 11.5 percent share in total exports and 19.6 percent share in textile exports registered a positive growth of 2 percent in value and 28.1 percent in quantity. Value-added exports increased due to growing demand and improvement in export competitiveness after exchange rate adjustment. 126
159. Trade and Payments Cotton cloth having 9 .3 percent share in total exports and 16 percent in textile exports declined by 2.1 percent in value but its quantum increase was 18.1 percent. Bed wear with a share of 10.1 percent in exports and 17.21 percent in textile group, increased both in quantity and in value by 10.3 percent and 2.7 percent, respectively. Cotton yarn has 4.9 percent share in total exports and 8.35 percent in textile group, decreased in both quantity and value by 15.7 percent and 15.4 percent, respectively. Towels having share of 3.4 percent in total exports and 5.88 percent share in textile group, decreased both in quantity and in value by 11.0 percent and 1.8 percent, respectively. Raw cotton having a share of 0.1 percent in total exports and 0.16 percent in textile group, decreased in both quantity and value by 71.2 percent and 71.8 percent, respectively. May be due to declining international cotton prices from 2.15 $/kg in June 2018 to 1.92 $/kg in April 2019. Petroleum group having a negligible share of 2 percent in total exports registered a negative growth of 0.2 percent on account of 7.6 percent decline in petroleum exports. Other manufacturers accounting 14.6 percent of total exports registered a negative growth of 1.5 percent during the period July-March FY2019. Within the group chemical and pharmaceutical products, bearing the largest share in the group, posted a growth of 5.7 percent in value. This is the only category showing significant growth in the group. Leather manufacturers continues to struggle but registered a negative growth of 8.4 percent in value. 21.8 percent decline in value is witnessed in leather tanned while its quantity decreased by 19 percent. Exports of carpets, rugs and mats registered a negative growth of 12.5 percent in value. The acute shortage of electricity, bad law and order, ever-soaring inflation, shortage of skilled labor force and high mark-up rate during last one decade were the major reasons hitting the carpet industry besides causing huge decline in rugs exports. Sports goods decreased in value by 9 percent on the back of 7.35 percent decline in exports of football. Other than these, surgical goods and medical instruments, engineering goods and jewelry posted a negative growth of 1.5, 10.8 and 24.2 percent, respectively. Although Cement export posted a significant growth of 32.8 percent in value and 55.4 percent in quantity during July-March FY2019. Low domestic sale and significant capacity additions paved the way to foreign markets for cement manufacturer. Concentration of Exports Pakistan’s exports are highly concentrated in few items like cotton & cotton manufacturers, leather, rice and few other items. The first three categories of exports account for 69.2 percent of total exports during July-March FY2019 with cotton & cotton manufacturers alone contributing 56.7 percent. Traditionally, the contribution of these three categories was 70.3 percent during the same period last year, and 71.8 percent during FY 2017. The bifurcation of these items in table shows that exports in these few items are the major factor for lower export earnings. Table 8.9 : Pakistan's Major Exports Commodity 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 Cotton Manufactures 53.1 54.5 Leather** 5.1 4.8 Rice 7.6 8.5 Sub-Total of three Items 65.8 67.8 Other items 34.2 32.2 Total 100.0 100.0 P: Provisional, ** Leather & Leather Manufactured. Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 127 55.0 4.9 8.8 68.7 31.3 100.0 2016-17 59.4 4.5 7.9 71.8 28.2 100.0 2017-18 56.9 4.6 8.8 70.3 29.7 100.0 July-March 2017-18 2018-19 P 56.7 56.7 4.1 3.7 8.8 8.8 69.6 69.2 30.4 30.8 100.0 100.0
160. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Direction of Exports Traditionally Pakistan ’s export destinations are concentrated to a few markets. Pakistani exports go to ten countries namely USA, China, UAE, Afghanistan, UAE, Germany, France, Bangladesh, Italy and Spain. Among these countries USA has the largest share of 17 percent in total exports followed by China 8 percent and UK 7 percent. The share of exports to Afghanistan and UAE witnessed a one percent decline during July-March FY2019 as compared to the same period last year. Table 8.10 suggests that all the countries have been on a stable trajectory in terms of export destinations of Pakistan. However, efforts are being made to explore new markets where lots of potential exists. Formulation of Strategic Trade Policy Framework (2019-24) is a way forward towards securing more international markets’ access. Table 8.10 : Major Exports Markets Country 2015-16 Rs. USA CHINA AFGHANISTAN UNITED KINGDOM GERMANY U.A.E BANGLADESH ITALY SPAIN FRANCE All Other Total P : Provisional 364.8 174 149.9 164.7 118 85.5 72.3 67.7 84.3 36 849.6 2166.8 % Share 17 8 7 8 6 4 3 3 4 2 45 100 2016-17 Rs. 361.1 153.8 133.1 163.1 125.1 83 65.4 68.6 85.5 38.8 860.7 2138.2 (Rs. Billion & Percentage Share) July-March 2017-18 2018-19 P 2017-18 % Share 17 7 6 8 6 4 3 3 4 2 40 100 Rs. 400.4 185.7 165.2 186.7 146.7 104 81 84.5 104.5 45.5 1050.8 2555 % Share 16 7 6 7 6 4 3 3 4 2 41 100 Rs. 290.9 133.9 122.4 135.7 106.9 69.1 58.8 60 77.3 31.3 752.6 1838.9 % Share 16 7 7 7 6 4 3 3 4 2 41 100 Rs. 384.6 182 128.5 166.9 125.6 77.3 77.8 74.3 93.2 39.1 914.4 2263.7 % Share 17 8 6 7 6 3 3 3 4 2 40 100 Source : Pakistan Bureau of Statistics Bilateral Relations of Pakistan: China-Pakistan Pakistan is courting China by means of a bilateral agreement in addition to other commercial agreements. China-Pakistan Free Trade Agreement (CPFTA) on trade in goods was signed on 24th November, 2006 and implemented from 1st July, 2007. FTA on Trade in Services was signed on 21st February, 2009 and is operational from 10th October, 2009. The FTA covers more than 7000 tariff lines at the 8 digit level of HS Code. Both sides are currently negotiating Phase-II of the FTA. Last round (10th round) of negotiation for China-Pakistan Free Trade Agreement (CPFTA) Phase-II 5 was held in Islamabad on 2nd April, 2018. The Sino-Pakistan volume of trade, which was around US$ 4 billion in the year 2006-07, reached an all-time high of US$ 17.48 billion in 2017-18. Pakistan’s exports have jumped to US$ 1.74 billion in 2017-18 from US$ 575 million in 2006-07. Correspondingly, China’s exports to Pakistan have increased to US$ 15.74 billion in 2017-18 from US$ 3.5 billion in 2006-07. First China International Import Expo was held in Shanghai, China, on 5-10th November, 2018. Pakistan was invited as the Guest of Honor in the Expo. The Pakistan Pavilion at the CIIE 2018 was based on the theme of “Emerging Pakistan. Stalls were set up to attract business in Textiles, Food, Services, Sports and Industries’ sectors. The Expo was attended by prominent world figures like President of Russia, President of China, founder of Microsoft Corporation Mr. Bill Gates, and Cofounder and Executive Chairman of Alibaba Group Mr. Jack Ma. Pakistan Trade and Investment Conference was held in Shanghai, China on 5th November, 2018. The event was attended by 360 Chinese Companies/ representatives, and 400 Pakistani Businessmen. Almost 30 MoUs were signed between Pakistani and Chinese companies. 128
161. Trade and Payments Pakistan-Japan Six Sessions of Joint Government Business Dialogue (JGBD) have been held so far. During the 6th Round of JGBD, held on 10th December, 2018 at Tokyo, Japan, Pakistan proposed that as an interim step, a PTA may be concluded to allow Pakistan level playing field as available to its competitors. Japanese side clarified that, if they were to discuss on possible EPA/FTA, it has to be full-fledged, covering “substantially all the trade”, and covering not only Trade in Goods but also Trade in Services, Investment and rule areas including Intellectual Property and E-Commerce. Based on this understanding, both sides shared the willingness to promote discussion to strengthen and further facilitate bilateral trade. Pakistan-Malaysia The Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (FTA) for Closer Economic Partnership between Pakistan and Malaysia was signed on 08-11-2007 at Kuala Lumpur Malaysia. It is operational from 1st January 2008. Pakistan exports to Malaysia have increased from US$ 81 million in 2006-2007 to US$ 145.18 in 2017-18 as a result of this FTA. Pakistan-Thailand Pakistan is Thailand's second largest trade partner in South Asia and there is tremendous potential to increase bilateral trade. During the 3rd Session of Pak-Thai JTC, held on 12-13th August, 2015, it was agreed by both sides to enter into Free Trade Agreement. The negotiations on FTA were started in 2015 and so far 9 rounds have been held. Pakistan exports to Thailand have increased from US$ 95 million in 2010-11 to US$185.48 million in 2017-18. Pakistan-Indonesia Indonesia-Pakistan PTA (IP-PTA) was signed on 3rd February, 2012 and has been operationalized w.e.f 1st September, 2013. The Third Review Meeting of IP-PTA was held on 10-11 August, 2017 in Jakarta, Indonesia. During the meeting Pakistan sought unilateral market access on 20 tariff lines of its prime export interest to make the PTA mutually beneficial. As a result of hard negotiation and persistent trade diplomacy, Indonesia agreed to unilaterally provide “zero duty” to Pakistan on these 20 tariff lines. A protocol to give effect to this arrangement was signed during the visit of Indonesian President on 26-27 January, 2018. Pakistan’s exports to Indonesia have witnessed some improvement over the last years. After the above mentioned further concessions, Pakistan’s exports are likely to witness a sizable increase. Pakistan-Bangladesh Pakistan and Bangladesh share the membership of SAARC, OIC and D-8. These are two major Islamic nations of South Asia, a region which is trying to come closer under the ambit of SAARC Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA). Both the countries have been working closely at international fora for promoting regional integration, trade, security and world peace. The volume of trade between Pakistan and Bangladesh has always remained in favor of Pakistan. Pakistan exported US$ 736 million and imported US$ 69 million to Bangladesh in FY2017-18. Box-1: Trade Related Measures taken in first 3 quarters of 2018-19 In the first 9 months of FY 2018-19 following measures have been taken to improve the trade related environment. 1. Trade Policy Measures The Trade Policy Wing of the Ministry has undertaken the following measures to facilitate trade of the country 1.1. Exports Enhancement Measures Government of Pakistan has taken a number of exports enhancement measures that will support positive growth trends. The major interventions are as under: 1.2. Revision of Export Enhancement Package In order to provide long term policy to support and encourage non-traditional exports of the country, the package was extended for another period of three years vide SRO 711 (I)/2018 dated 8.6.2018, i.e. from 1st July 2018 to 30th June 2021. 129
162. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Under this package , new export sectors such as Transport equipment, Auto parts & accessories, Machinery incl. electrical machinery, Furniture, Stationery, Fruits& Vegetables, Meat and meat preparation including poultry have been included. The package is operating under the similar conditions of previous export package. The support through drawback of local taxes and levies will promote product diversification and enhance competitiveness of the exports. Moreover, for market diversification, additional incentive has been provided to promote exports to the non-traditional markets. 1.3. Economic Package to support industrial growth Commerce Division has been working with the industry to develop a comprehensive plan to increase their competitiveness. One of the major impediments for export sectors was its higher duties on the import of raw materials and intermediate inputs. In this regard, a series of consultative sessions were held to identify sectors and products that require immediate relief in terms of reduction in the import duty in their inputs and raw materials. In the first phase, Custom Duties and Regulatory Duties on 236 Tariff Lines (TLs) of raw materials and intermediate products have been reduced. In the second phase, a list of 40 TLs were further incorporated in the Finance Bill 2019 (Supplement-I). In the second phase, tariff reduction plan has been approved for 12 sectors. The amendment in the tariff schedule has been introduced in Finance Bill 2019-Supplement, whereas, the Regulatory import duty for the export-oriented industries have been reduced vide SRO 190(I) 2019 dated 11th February 2019. 1.4. Payment of DLTL and Sales Tax Refund The payment of Export Enhancement Package claims were pending due to which exporters were facing the liquidity crunch. After rigorous consultations with the Finance Division, State Bank of Pakistan and AGPR, a mechanism has been designed to expedite the payments to the exporters. It has been decided that the settlement of outstanding claims of exporters under DLTL/PM package schemes as on 31-12-2018 through cash payment (1/3rd) and issuance of Promissory Notes (remaining 2/3rd). Further mechanism has been developed to facilitate the process. Furthermore, the government has disbursed Rs. 20 billion of Sales Tax Refund & Rs. 10 billion DLTL. 2. Regulatory Measures 2.1. Mechanism for Ensuring Quality and Standards for Imported Goods To address the issue of low quality imports, the Import Policy Order was amended vide SRO 1067 (I)/2017 dated 20th October 2017, to incorporate safety and health requirements/quality standards, proposed against each tariff line, to ensure that quality and SPS standards are complied with on such imports. Furthermore, the government has restricted the import of food items only through Karachi seaport and Land Border Posts i.e. Sost, Chaman, Torkham, Taftan, Wagha, Peshawar and Quetta vide SRO 706 (I)/2018 dated 6.6.2018. These aforementioned ports have the requisite infrastructure and human resource to provide the facility for the import permit after evaluating the health safety requirements by Department of Plant Protection (DPP). 2.2. Policy revision for the import of vehicles under transfer of residence personal baggage and gift schemes In order to prevent the misuse of the scheme intended for Overseas Pakistanis, the existing policy has been revised. Under the revised Policy, the remittance for payment of duties and taxes will originate from account of Pakistani national sending the vehicle from abroad; and the remittance will either be received in the account of Pakistani national sending the vehicle from abroad or, in case, his account in nonexistent/inoperative, in the account of his family member as defined in Appendix-E, Para (1) of the import Policy Order. The decision of the ECC of the Cabinet has been notified vide SRO. 52 (I) 2019 on 15th January 2019. 2.3. Amendments in Export and Import Policy Order, 2016 Commerce Division has made amendments in certain provisions of export and import order 2016 to facilitate the exporters and importers. These amendments have been made after rigorous consultations with private and public sector stakeholders and subsequent approval of the Cabinet. 2.4. Labeling Requirements on import of edible products Under Import Policy Order (IPO) 2016, the import of edible products is subject to, inter alia, the conditions that it is fit for human consumption, has at least 50 percent of the remaining shelf life and in case of meat it is obtained from ‘halal’ animals and slaughtered in accordance with the Islamic injunctions. There was a need that our consumers should be aware of the ingredients of the edible products they consume, keeping in view their safety and belief. Therefore, the following amendments have been introduced in the policy for consumer’s welfare: a. The product has at least 66 percent (2/3rd) of remaining shelf life b. The ingredients and details of the product (e.g. nutritional facts, usage instructions etc.) of the food product are printed in Urdu and English languages on the consumer packaging c. The logo of the Halal certification body is printed on the consumer packaging d. The labeling under (b) & (c) not to be in the form of a sticker, overprinting, stamp or scratched labeling The shipment is accompanied by a ‘halal certificate’ issued by a halal Certification Body, accredited with an Accrediting Body (AB) which is a member of International Halal Accreditation Forum (IHAF) or Standards Meteorology Institute for Islamic Countries (SMIIC) However, the operation of the SRO has been suspended till July 01, 2019. 130
163. Trade and Payments 2 .5. Easy issuance of NOC for carrying and temporary import/re-export of arms/ammunition by foreign hunters The hunting/sporting activity coupled with improved law & order situation in Gilgit-Baltistan region has huge potential to attract foreign hunters/ tourists. However, the lengthy and cumbersome procedure for getting NOC from Ministry of Interior for carrying hunting arms and ammunition and another NOC from Commerce Division for temporary import-cumexport of arms/ ammunition has been discouraging to promote tourism. In order to make the process of issuance of NOC for temporary import-cum-export of hunting arms/ammunition easy, NOC from Ministry of Interior for carrying arms/ammunition by foreign hunters will be considered sufficient for temporary import-cum-export of hunting arms. 3. Policy reforms The policy reforms will address the structural issues in the economy and will develop the supply chain for export diversification and industrial growth: 3.1. National Tariff Policy The first ever National Tariff Policy (2019-24), in principle, has been approved by the Prime Minister on 7th March 2019. It will be presented to the Cabinet for approval. In pursuance of Rules of Business, 1973, which assigns Tariff (Protection) policy and its implementation to Commerce Division, an exhaustive exercise has been undertaken to develop with an aim to make the tariff structure truly reflect trade policy priorities, improve competitiveness through duty-free access to imported inputs, rationalize the tariff structure for enhancing efficiencies and reduce the relative “disincentive” for the exporting activities. The availability of cheaper imported inputs and raw materials is expected to increase exports by 2.5 percent in the next five years. The draft Policy is based on the principles of: a. Employing tariffs as an instrument of trade policy rather than revenue b. Maintaining vertical consistency through cascading tariff structures (increasing tariff with stages of processing of a product) c. Providing ‘strategic protection’ to the domestic industry against the foreign competition during the infancy phase d. Promoting competitive import substitution through time-bound protection, which will be phased out to make the industry eventually competitive forex port-oriented production 3.2. Trade Related Investment Promotion Strategy Ministry of Commerce has developed a draft Trade Related Investment Promotion Strategy (TRIPS) in consultation with the stakeholders. Since Pakistan’s trade growth largely depends on attracting efficiency seeking investment in the exportoriented sectors, TRIPS aims to channelize investment into export-oriented production and competitive import substitution. The framework seeks the following direction for investment related measures: a) Identify the priority sectors to incentivize and facilitate efficiency seeking investment in the manufacturing sector b) Identify the critical enablers for attracting trade related investment – e.g. competitive production environment, market size and time-bound protection, market access and investment eco-system etc c) Provide the policy measures under the investment enablers in the priority sectors d) Devise strategy for investment promotion and implementation of the policy 3.3. Strategic Trade Policy Framework (STPF 2019-24) Commerce Division has drafted the Strategic Trade Policy Framework (STPF) 2019-24, which defines the policy direction for Pakistan’s international trade especially exports for the 5-year tenure of the new government. The STPF 2018-23 is an overarching policy framework that aims “to make Pakistan a dynamic and efficient domestic market and a globallycompetitive export-driven economy”. The critical enablers, apart from tariff rationalization and investment, for exports growth strategy are (i) competitiveness, (ii) integration into global value chains, (iii) enhanced market access, (iv) institutional strengthening, and (iv) improvement in export ecosystem. It stipulates policy interventions in each of the area that will provide quantum jump to exports and at the same, facilitate equitable growth to the economy. 3.4. Improving Business Environment The current regime is specifically focusing on improving business environment. Pakistan has improved its ranking by 11 points and moved from 147th/190 to 136th/190 in Doing Business Report 2019. In order to improve Pakistan’s ranking further, recently, following specific reforms have been undertaken in collaboration with the federal and provincial departments: 1. Complete Integration of SECP, Punjab and Sindh business registration portal. This will help in reducing the time and process for registering a company and give one platform where businesses can be started 2. Complete automation of property registration in Punjab. Property registration through online mode has reduced the time drastically for this process and is one of the key areas of reforms. It has improved the transparency and quality of land administration • Online payment of federal and provincial taxes, contributions and duties –Online payments will help Pakistan to improve its ranking in paying taxes indicator • Integration of key departments with WeBOC. To help importers/exporters and reduce the time and cost of compliance 131
164. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 with departments Automation of electricity connection process by K electric . K- Electric has made the process of getting a commercial electricity connection easier by making it online where the customer can track its application as well • Establishment of Collateral registry. The collateral registry for unincorporated entities has been established in SECP. This will help the small business to use their moveable assets as collateral for getting credit • Dedicated DB Unit has been set up at the BOI, Planning and Development Department Punjab for the purpose of removing bottlenecks and facilitating for smooth business operations Some of the Future Targets i. Rewriting the existing fundamentals of economy and aligning it with global best practices ii. Making industrial sector completely subsidy free: Currently, cement and rice exports are among the leading subsidy free industries/exports iii. Improving Pakistan’s integration and share in global trade iv. Pursue the multilateral trading agenda and continue to work for its improvement v. Participating in the regional and global economic alliances for mutual gains vi. Reformation of tax collection system that is hampering trade transactions vii. Addressing the issues that are challenging our industrial competitiveness viii. Effectively use Tariff as a trade policy instrument rather than a revenue generation tool Source: Ministry of Commerce • Imports Import target for FY2019 was set to US$ 56.5 billion. As per PBS data, imports stood at US$ 45.471 billion in July-April FY2019 as compared to US$ 49.360 billion in the same period last year showing a decline of 7.9 percent. The reduction in imports is due to decrease in imports of furnace oil, machinery & electric equipment, palm oil and textiles. Current scenario of declining imports shows that imports will be according to the estimates. With the falling global demand, weakening consumer and business sentiment among the major economies, trade tensions and economic stabilization measures at home, the imports are expected to be further decrease. Additionally, the government has launched import substitution drive that will be instrumental in reducing pressure on current account. The Finance Supplementary (Second Amendment) Act, 2019 particularly offered tariff concessions to those industries that can offer import substitution. It lowered tariffs on the raw materials and intermediate goods that can help local firms in meeting local demand that is currently being fulfilled by the foreign firms. Fig: 8.14 Monthly Imports $ Million FY2018 FY2019 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 July August September October November December January February March April Year on year analysis shows that government’s import contractions measures have started delivering early results. Imports have been continuously declining on year on year basis and March FY2019 132
165. Trade and Payments has witnessed a tremendous decrease of 21 percent as compared to March FY2018 followed by January FY2019 with 20 percent decline as compare to January FY2018 . Fig 8.3 shows that import reduction drive led by recent government started picking up the pace since October FY2019. Fig-8.15: MoM Change in Imports FY2019 20 14.39 15 9.21 10 3.19 1.42 5 0.27 0 -5 -10 -4.57 -3.85 -7.24 -11.39 April March Feb Jan Dec Nov Oct Sept -15 Aug Table 8.11: Monthly Imports during FY19 Imports US$ Million Month FY2019 MOM July 4,808 August 4,961 3.19 September 4,396 -11.39 October 4,801 9.21 November 4,581 -4.57 December 4,405 -3.85 January 4,467 1.42 February 4,144 -7.24 March 4,155 0.27 April 4,753 14.39 Jul-Apr 45,471 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics Disaggregated analysis reveals that all the groups including food group, machinery group, petroleum good, consumer durables and raw materials witnessed hefty decline in imports during the current fiscal year. Table 8.12 : Structure of Imports Particulars A. B. C. D. E. Total Food Groups Milk & Milk food Wheat Unmilled Dry Fruits Tea Spices Edible Oil (Soyabean & Palm) Sugar Pulses Other Food Items Machinery Group Power generating Machines Office Machines Textile Machinery Const. & Mining Machines Aircrafts, Ships and Boats Agriculture Machinery Other Machinery Items Petroleum Group Petroleum Products Petroleum Crude Consumer Durables Road Motor Vehicles Electric Mach. & Appliances Raw Materials Raw Cotton Synthetic Fiber Silk Yarn (Synth & Arti) ($ Million) July-March 2017-18 2018-19 (P) 44,280.9 4,730.6 197.8 95.6 450.9 122.0 1,654.4 4.0 407.9 1,797.9 6,505.4 1,927.7 356.7 424.4 263.4 757.5 96.6 2,679.0 8,393.3 5,459.8 2,933.5 3,749.4 2,150.1 1,599.4 6,948.0 573.5 396.2 487.5 40,718.3 4,261.4 185.8 33.8 445.8 111.7 1,454.6 3.0 393.4 1,633.4 4,604.6 981.4 341.0 379.5 199.4 222.0 101.1 2,380.1 8,002.0 4,623.0 3,379.0 3,133.9 1,810.6 1,323.2 6,571.1 412.4 427.2 485.3 133 % Change in Value -8.0 -9.9 -6.1 0.0 -64.7 -1.1 -8.5 -12.1 -24.8 -3.6 -9.1 -29.2 -49.1 -4.4 -10.6 -24.3 -70.7 4.7 -11.2 -4.7 -15.3 15.2 -16.4 -15.8 -17.3 -5.4 -28.1 7.8 -0.4 July-March Quantity 2017-18 2018-19 (P) 68935.0 0.0 67778.0 147921.0 99823.0 2242805.0 6673.0 558568.0 11463662.0 7759960.0 320036.0 185765.0 235380.0 72163.0 0.0 19819.0 171237.0 100748.0 2420751.0 5758.0 712540.0 7577484.0 6630812.0 216427.0 214935.0 219027.0 % Change in Quantity 4.68 0 -70.76 15.76 0.93 7.93 -13.71 27.57 -33.9 -14.55 -32.37 15.7 -6.95
166. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Table 8 .12 : Structure of Imports Particulars Fertilizer Manufactured Insecticides Plastic Material Iron & steel Scrap Iron & steel F. Transport Group Road Motor Veh (Build Unit) G. Telecom H. All Other Items P : Provisional, - : indicates nil Source : Pakistan Bureau of Statistics ($ Million) July-March 2017-18 2018-19 (P) 615.2 119.3 1,748.8 1,164.9 1,842.6 3240.0 2150.1 1,132.0 9582.2 716.0 135.2 1,628.0 1,108.9 1,658.1 2083.1 1810.6 1,031.8 11030.4 % Change in Value 16.4 13.3 -6.9 -4.8 -10.0 -35.7 -15.8 -8.9 15.11 July-March Quantity 2017-18 2018-19 (P) 1629770.0 19334.0 1139497.0 4030769.0 2808627.0 - 1711457.0 21861.0 1144407.0 3546446.0 2381500.0 - % Change in Quantity 5.01 13.07 0.43 -12.02 -15.21 - Food group constitutes 10.5 percent of overall import bill. Food import bill stood at US$ 4.261 billion in first nine months of FY2019 as compared to US$ 4.730 billion in the same period last year. Hence witnessed a significant decline of 9.9 percent. Within the group heaviest decline has been observed in imports of dry fruits, sugar, edible oil (soybeans and palm oil) and spices by 64.7, 24.8, 12.1 and 8.5 respectively. Although a quantum increase in palm oil has been witnessed during the period. Yet, lower international palm oil prices also suppressed import values. Other mentionable items in the group are tea, milk & related items and pulses. All of these showed negative trend of 1.1, 6.1 and 3.6 respectively. Declined imports in this sector can also be attributed to the SRO issued by the government, demanding the proper labelling requirements on the fastmoving consumer goods accompanied with Halal certificate. Machinery group with a 16.5 percent share in overall imports declined by 29.9 percent to US$ 4.604 billion, pushing down the import bill. Import of power generating machinery declined by 49 percent in July-March FY2019 as compared to the same period last year. A sharp pull back in power generating machinery drove most of the decline machinery import bill. Early harvest of CPEC projects and cut in PSDP spending contributed to the low machinery import bill. Office and textile machinery decreased by 4.4 and 10.61 respectively in first nine months of FY2019. Construction and mining machinery import decreased by 24.3 percent mainly because of the slowdown in construction activities in the given period. Agriculture machinery import is the only segment with a positive growth of 4.7 percent. This seems to be on account of present government initiatives to enhance agriculture production under Prime Minister Agriculture Emergency Plan. Transport group with 5.1 percent share in total imports declined by 35.7 percent. With a hefty decline of 15.8 percent in road motor vehicles. Petroleum group, being the largest contributor to total import bill, declined by 4.7 percent in JulyMarch FY2019 as compared to the previous period last year and stood at US$ 8.002 billion as compare to US$ 8.393 billion in the corresponding period last year. Among the petroleum group, petroleum products declined by 15.3 percent in value while 33.9 percent in quantity which is stemmed from the Pak rupee depreciation. Import bill of the petroleum crude increased by 15.2 percent despite a 14.5 percent decline in quantum import because of higher international oil prices. So a heavy decline in quantum import completely offset the decline in import of crude oil. Refineries have curtailed their crude oil imports to prevent a glut of domestic furnace oil from building up as a result of crude refining process. 134
167. Trade and Payments Fig : 8.16 International Monthly Oil Prices (Average) 85 80 $/Brl 75 70 65 60 55 50 Jun'18 Jul'18 Aug'18 Sep'18 Oct'18 Nov'18 Dec'18 Jan'19 Feb'19 Mar'19 In textile group, import of raw material decreased both in quantity and value by 32.37 and 28.11 percent respectively during July-March FY2019 as compared to the same period last year. The import bill of fertilizers increased in both quantity and value by 5.01 and 16.4 percent respectively on the back of lower domestic production. Fertilizer import increased to supplement the stock and to meet up the demands for Rabi and Kharif crops. Iron & steel scrap and iron & steel import bill decreased by 4.8 and 10 percent respectively. Lower construction activity and PSDP spending have urged local steel industry to curtail their production which has ultimately lowered the demand for imported raw material. The import bill of telecommunication group decreased by 8.9 percent to US$ 1.031 billion in JulyMarch FY2019. The import of mobile handsets decreased by 7.6 percent in the said period as compared to 14.5 percent increase in the same period last year. Import duties on mobile sets contributed to this positive development. Import of the other apparatus also decreased by 10.28 percent in July-March FY2019 as compared to same period last year. Direction of Imports Like exports, Pakistan’s imports are also concentrated to few countries. Based on the current year data around 65 percent of total imports originated from countries like China, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Indonesia, India, USA, Japan, Germany and Malaysia. China being the largest import destination accounts for the 24 percent of total imports. Share of import from UAE has increased from 12 percent in FY2018 to 14 percent in FY2019. Change in Pakistan’s import pattern is shown in the table 8.13: Table 8.13 : Major Import Markets Country 2015-16 Rs. % Share CHINA 1261.9 23 UAE 572.7 10 SAUDI ARABIA 237.2 4 KUWAIT 139.5 3 INDONESIA 222.7 4 INDIA 185.8 3 U.S.A 185.3 3 JAPAN 190.3 3 GERMANY 97.6 2 MALAYSIA 96.5 2 All Other 1469.2 31 Total 4658.7 100 P: Provisional Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (Rs. Billion & Percentage Share 2016-17 2017-18 Rs. % Share 1584.3 29 774.5 14 227.7 4 141.9 3 240.4 4 178.2 3 267.9 5 217.4 4 114.3 2 100.2 2 1692.9 31 5539.7 100 Rs. % Share 1731.8 26 893.3 13 356.4 5 159.7 2 278.5 4 207.5 3 316.4 5 266.5 4 146.4 2 132 2 2206.5 33 6695 100 135 July-March 2017-18 P 2018-19 P Rs. % Share Rs. % Share 1252.7 26 1267.2 24 584.3 12 759.7 14 255.8 5 286.2 5 120.4 3 133.8 2 205.6 4 245.5 5 142.4 3 154.8 3 221.9 5 259.5 5 197.8 4 188 4 101.2 2 105.4 2 94.6 2 103 2 1592.299 33 1868.043 35 4768.999 100 5371.143 100
168. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Conclusion Although expansionary monetary policy in recent years , business activities and export oriented sector had not been happening as it should be rather exports remained low after seeing higher growth in 2013-14. The present government is sternly focused on enhancing exports and in this direction taken various initiatives with respect to adjustment of exchange rates and monetary tightening. Imports during Jul-Apr FY2019 declined by 4.9 percent while worker’s remittances increased by 8.45 percent. This proved to be a major support to the current account balance which improved by 26.9 percent during the period. However, exports remained a source of concern as they declined during Jul-Apr FY2019. There is a continuous increase in the flows of credit to private sector in manufacturing and export oriented industry which is a welcome development in terms of business activities. However, the downside risk of the impact of continuous rise in policy rate and global slowdown in trade activities may influence the exports. Financial account posted a surplus of US$ 11.32 billion during Jul-Apr FY2019. The improvement is mainly due to the bilateral inflows from China, India and UAE. However, foreign investment remained low during the period after a consistent increase over the last three years under CPEC. This is because of the completion of early harvest projects under CPEC. There is a need to implement a range of structural reforms including growth enhancing fiscal consolidation, reducing cost of doing business, attracting foreign private investments, exploiting the potential of Pakistani diaspora, introduction of effective and responsive foreign exchange regime, and most importantly, focus on enhancing exports through improving productivity at different stages of production. Moreover, integrating the domestic production with global value change, research and development, technology up-gradation, value addition and branding will help in increasing the exports. The establishment of special economic zone and free trade zone at Gawadar will enhance export growth and access to regional markets going forward. The trade diplomacy also needs to be strengthened. 136
169. CHAPTER 9 Public Debt 9 .1 Introduction The prime objective of public debt management is to ensure that the government's financing needs are met at the lowest possible cost over the medium to long term, consistent with a prudent degree of risk. Debt may well act as catalyst in the course of growth of an economy as long as the economic returns are higher than the cost of borrowed funds. Therefore, borrowed funds are bound to be properly utilized and should conform to the country’s debt repayment capacity. Historically, high debt economies have effectively responded with a wide variety of policy approaches. A brief analysis suggests three primary lessons1; First, a growth supporting policy mix is inevitable for debt reduction and fiscal consolidation. Second, fiscal consolidation must emphasize persistent structural reforms to public finances over temporary or short-lived fiscal measures. Third, reducing public debt is bound to be time taking, especially in the context of a weak external environment. Government inherited extremely challenging macroeconomic situation marked by high fiscal deficits and debt levels. The situation was turned worse due to shortfall in foreign exchange reserves which contributed to a sharp devaluation of Pakistani Rupee and rising inflationary pressures which led to a tight monetary policy stance and a significant increase in domestic debt servicing cost. Over the medium term, Government objective is to bring and maintain its Public Debt-to-GDP and Debt Service-to-Revenue ratios to sustainable levels through a combination of greater revenue mobilization, rationalization of current expenditure and efficient/productive utilization of debt. Government is committed to bring down Public Debt to GDP to 50 percent in fifteen years (2032/33) in accordance with the provision of Fiscal Responsibility and Debt Limitation Act. 9.2 Public Debt Fiscal Responsibility and Debt Limitation (FRDL) Act 2005 defines “Total Public Debt” as debt owed by government (including Federal Government and Provincial Governments) serviced out of consolidated fund and debts owed to the International Monetary Fund. Whereas, “Total Debt and Liabilities” of the country include “Total Public Debt” (Government Debt) as well as debt of other sectors as presented in the table below: Table-9.1: Pakistan’s Debt and Liabilities (Rs in billion) I. Government Domestic Debt II. Government External Debt III. Debt from IMF IV. External Liabilities1 V. Private Sector External Debt VI. PSEs External Debt VII. PSEs Domestic Debt VIII. Commodity Operations2 IX. Intercompany External Debt from Direct Investor abroad A. Total Debt and Liabilities (sum I to IX) C. Total Public Debt (sum I to III) D. Total Debt of the Government3 1 2008 3,274.2 2,761.6 91.3 88.5 128.4 82.1 137.2 127.2 6,690.5 6,127.1 5,650.8 2013 9,520.4 4,336.4 434.8 307.9 465.5 183.2 312.2 469.7 308.2 16,338.2 14,291.7 13,457.3 IMF: “The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: 100 Years of Dealing with Public Debt Overhangs” 2018 (P) 16,416.3 7,795.8 740.8 622.3 1,654.4 324.6 1,068.2 819.7 437.2 29,879.2 24,952.9 23,024.0 March 19 (P) 18,170.6 9,625.7 811.2 1,414.3 2,108.0 489.4 1,378.4 653.6 443.3 35,094.5 28,607.5 26,368.1
170. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Table-9 .1: Pakistan’s Debt and Liabilities (Rs in billion) Memorandum Items GDP (current market price) Government Deposits with the banking system4 US Dollar, last day average exchange rates 2008 2013 10,637.8 476.3 68.3 22,385.7 834.4 99.1 2018 (P) March 19 (P) 34,618.6 1,928.9 121.5 38,558.8 2,239.4 140.7 P: Provisional 1 External liabilities include Central bank deposits, SWAPS, Allocation of Special Drawing Rights (SDR) and Non-resident LCY deposits with central bank. 2 Includes borrowings from banks by provincial governments and PSEs for commodity operations. 3 As per Fiscal Responsibility and Debt Limitation Act, 2005 amended in June 2017, "Total Debt of the Government" means the debt of the government (including the Federal Government and the Provincial Governments) serviced out of the consolidated fund and debts owed to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) less accumulated deposits of the Federal and Provincial Governments with the banking system. 4 Accumulated deposits of the Federal and Provincial Governments with the banking system. Source: State Bank of Pakistan Total public debt stood at Rs 28,607 billion at end March 2019, recorded an increase of Rs 3,655 billion during first nine months of current fiscal year. The explanation of this increase is as follows:  Increase in debt stock cannot be termed as borrowing of the government. External loans are contracted in various currencies, however, disbursements are effectively converted into Pak Rupee. Thus, devaluation of Pak Rupee against international currencies can increase the value of external public debt portfolio when converted into Pak Rupee for reporting purposes. It is evident from the fact that increase in external public debt contributed Rs 1,900 billion to the public debt during first nine month of ongoing fiscal year while government borrowing for financing of fiscal deficit from external sources was Rs 524 billion during the said period. This differential was mainly on account of depreciation of Pak Rupee against US Dollar. It is worth noting that depreciation of Pak Rupee increases the rupee value of external public debt, however, any such negative impact is spread over many years depending on the life of any given loan and immediate cash flow impact is not significant  Domestic debt registered an increase of Rs 1,754 billion while government borrowing for financing of fiscal deficit from domestic sources was Rs 1,398 billion. This differential is mainly attributed to an increase in credit balances of the government with the banking system. The trend in total public debt since 1971 is depicted in Box-I. Box-I: Trend in Public Debt Table-9.2: Year Wise Public Debt Position Year 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 Domestic External Debt Debt 14 17 20 19 23 28 34 41 52 60 58 81 104 125 153 203 16 38 40 44 48 57 63 71 77 86 87 107 123 132 156 187 Public Debt 30 55 60 62 70 85 97 112 130 146 145 189 227 257 309 390 Year 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Domestic External Debt Debt (Rs billion) 248 209 290 233 333 300 381 330 448 377 532 437 617 519 716 624 809 688 920 784 1,056 939 1,199 1,193 1,389 1,557 1,645 1,527 1,799 1,885 1,775 1,862 138 Public Debt 458 523 634 711 825 969 1,135 1,340 1,497 1,704 1,995 2,392 2,946 3,172 3,684 3,636 Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 (March) Domestic External Debt Debt 1,895 2,028 2,178 2,322 2,601 3,274 3,860 4,653 6,014 7,638 9,520 10,907 12,193 13,626 14,849 16,416 18,171 1,800 1,839 2,034 2,038 2,201 2,853 3,871 4,357 4,756 5,059 4,771 5,085 5,188 6,051 6,559 8,537 10,437 Public Debt 3,694 3,866 4,211 4,359 4,802 6,127 7,731 9,010 10,771 12,697 14,292 15,991 17,380 19,677 21,409 24,953 28,607
171. Public Debt Fig-9 .1: Trend in Domestic and External Debt 20,000 Domestic Debt (Rs. in billion) 15,000 External Debt (Rs. in billion) 10,000 2018 2017 2019 (Mar) 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 1979 1978 1977 1976 1975 1974 1973 1972 0 1971 5,000 Similar to last year, composition of public debt witnessed changes during first nine months of ongoing fiscal year. On domestic debt front, government relied mainly on short-term floating debt while net mobilization from permanent debt and unfunded debt remained limited. Whereas, external inflows from bilateral development partners and commercial sources remained the main contributor in external public debt disbursements. Accordingly, the share of bilateral and commercial sources inched up in external public debt portfolio while share of multilateral sources relatively declined during first nine months of current fiscal year as compared with last fiscal year. Government introduced Pakistan Banao Certificates (PBC) which is a US Dollar denominated retail level instrument, for Pakistanis having bank accounts overseas. The main objectives of issuance of PBC are: i. Balance of payment support and build-up of foreign exchange reserves; ii. Raise financing for critically important infrastructure projects including dams, road network, power generation, transmission projects etc. PBC is the first sovereign retail instrument being offered by Government of Pakistan that allow overseas Pakistanis to contribute in their country’s development while providing attractive investment opportunity to earn reasonable returns on investment. The detailed modalities pertaining to PBC are presented in Box-II: Box-II: Pakistan Banao Certificates Eligible Investors The holders of any one or more of following documents and having own bank account abroad, are eligible to subscribe the PBC:  Pakistani individual having Computerized National Identity Card (CNIC)  Pakistani individual having National Identity Card for Overseas Pakistanis (NICOP)  Holders of Pakistan Origin Card (POC). Digital Subscription PBC is being offered for subscription through a specially designed Web-Portal. The investors first register themselves on the portal and give their investment and bank account details on successful registration. The certificates are issued to the investors electronically on receipt of funds in State Bank of Pakistan Account. The investor receives confirmation of the issuance of the certificates both through email and update of their account on the portal. The investors can view the status of their application by accessing the web-portal through their respective User ID and Password. 139
172. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Key Benefits to investors     Profit payments on semi-annual basis Maturity in US Dollar as well as PKR PKR maturity has an added incentive of 1 percent on the final premium Can be encashed at any time, however, encashment in USD within one year of issuance entails 1 percent penalty  Encashment application will also be submitted online by accessing the Redemption module of PBC portal (https://pakistanbanaocertificates.gov.pk)  Periodic profit and redemption proceeds will be sent to the investors’ accounts designated at the time of investment. Minimum Investment Amount Minimum investment amount is US$ 5,000 or higher in the integral multiple of US$ 1,000 with no maximum limit. Profit Rates  6.25 percent for 3 years payable semi-annually  6.75 percent for 5 years payable semi-annually  Profit payment shall be exempted from deduction of tax at source. Type of Instrument PBC is a scrip-less instrument registered in the Securities General Ledgers Account (SGLA) maintained at State Bank of Pakistan (SBP). Issued PBC will be residing in an Investor Portfolio Security Account (IPS) of the investor, so as to keep track of investment of each individual investor. Development of debt capital market is essential to reduce financial risks of the overall economy, provide the government with a non-inflationary source of finance, create a well-balanced financial environment and promote economic growth. Government is taking various steps to provide an efficient and liquid secondary debt markets to the investors (Box-III). Box-III: Steps Taken for The Development of Debt Capital Markets In order to enhance the investors base, facilitate debt issues and provide additional investment avenues to corporates, mutual funds and employees funds, the Commission has notified the following persons as other persons to whom privately placed debt securities being instrument of redeemable capital can be issued: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) mutual funds, voluntary pension schemes, and private fund being managed by NBFC insurer registered under the Insurance Ordinance, 2000 (XXXIX of 2000) a security brokers a fund and trust as defined in the Employees Contributory Funds (Investment in Listed Securities) Regulations, 2018 (v) a company and body corporate as defined in the Companies Act, 2017. Government intends to review the Credit Rating Companies Regulations, 2016 to enhance the role of Credit Rating Agencies in promotion of the corporate bond market. In addition, the government is planning to introduce various new instruments with the objective to meet government financing in an efficient manner while providing more options to the investors in-line with their investment horizon and risk appetites/preferences. Source: Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan & Debt Policy Coordination Office, Ministry of Finance Comprehensive public debt analysis may fall short of full disclosure without review of government’s contingent liabilities. These liabilities originate out of guarantees issued on behalf of Public Sector 140
173. Public Debt Enterprises (PSEs) and by their contingent nature, do not form part of country’s overall debt. Therefore, to ensure utmost fiscal transparency, information regarding these contingent liabilities remains an essential component of public disclosure. During first nine months of current fiscal year, the government issued fresh/rollover guarantees aggregating to Rs 168 billion or 0.4 percent of GDP. The outstanding stock of government guarantees at end March 2019 was Rs 1,265 billion. 9.3 Progress on Medium Term Debt Management Strategy (2015/16 - 2018/19) In accordance with the Medium-Term Debt Management Strategy (2015/16-2018/19), the government was required to lengthen the maturity profile of its domestic debt and mobilize sufficient external inflows in the medium term keeping in view cost risks trade-off, while remaining within the indicative risk ranges. Table-9.3: Public Debt Cost and Risk Indicators* Risk Indicators Indicative Ranges (MTDS 2015/16 - 2018/19) Refinancing Risk Interest Rate Risk Foreign Currency Risk (FX) Average Time to Maturity (ATM) Years Debt Maturing in 1 Year (% of total) Average Time to ReFixing (ATR) - Years Debt Re-Fixing in 1 year (% of total) Fixed Rate Debt (% of total) Foreign Currency Debt (% of total debt) Short Term FX Debt (% of reserves) External Debt Domestic Debt Public Debt 2013 2018 2013 2018 2013 2018 1.5 (minimum) and 2.5 - DD 3.0 (minimum) and 4.5 – PD 10.1 7.6 1.8 1.6 4.5 3.6 50% and 65% (maximum) - DD 35% and 50% (maximum) - PD 1.5 (minimum) and 2.5 - DD 3.0 (minimum) and 4.5 – PD 50% and 65% (maximum) - DD 40% and 55% (maximum) - PD ** 8.9 12.4 64.2 66.3 46.0 48.9 9.2 6.6 1.8 1.6 4.2 3.2 22.2 32.2 67.2 66.6 52.4 55.5 83.4 72.5 39.6 44.3 54.0 53.4 20% (minimum) and 35% 32.9 32.2 ** 68.5 80.6 * As per modalities of MTDS (2015/16 - 2018/19) **Not Applicable PD: Public Debt, DD: Domestic Debt Source: Debt Policy Coordination Office, Ministry of Finance At end June 2018, three of the nine thresholds were breached ranging from 0.5 percent to 1.6 percent as per the following details: Refinancing Risk The upper range for the risk indicator “Domestic Debt Maturing Within a Year” was 65 percent while this indicator at end June 2018 reached at 66.3 percent. The banks opted to tilt their portfolio towards short term market treasury bills as expectation of a further rise in policy rate discouraged them to invest in long-term debt instruments, largely to manage market risk. Interest Rate Risk The upper range for “Domestic Debt Re-Fixing in 1 Year” and “Public Debt Re-Fixing in 1 Year” was envisaged at 65 percent and 55 percent respectively, while these indicators stood at 66.6 percent and 55.5 percent at end June 2018. As stated above, borrowing through short term domestic debt instruments (which requires interest rate re-fixing in short term) as well as borrowing contracted from foreign commercial banks on floating rates (mainly to fund external debt maturities and to finance the current account deficit) led these indicators to surpass the defined thresholds. Foreign Currency Risk Short term external public debt maturities were 80.6 percent of official liquid reserves at end June 2018 compared with 68.5 percent at end June 2013. The higher proportion of long term maturities 141
174. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 falling within a year compared with the level of official liquid reserves resulted in deterioration of this risk indicator . Around 32 percent2 of total public debt stock was denominated in foreign currencies exposing public debt portfolio to exchange rate risk. Going forward, the government intends to update its Medium Term Debt Management Strategy on the basis of two broad principles to ensure sustainability i.e. keeping debt stock within manageable levels and maintaining a diversified debt portfolio comprising variety of instruments and tenors while providing flexibility and enhanced borrowing options. 9.4 Dynamics of Public Debt Burden The analysis of various solvency and liquidity indicators provide clear insight into debt sustainability of the country. The debt burden can be expressed in terms of stock ratio (Debt to GDP) or flow ratios (Debt to revenue). It is a common practice to measure public debt burden as a percentage of GDP, however, debt burden in terms of flow ratios reflects more accurately on repayment capacity of the country. Table-9.4: Selected Public Debt Indicators (in percentage) 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Revenue Balance* / GDP (2.9)** (0.7) (1.7) (0.8) (0.7) Primary Balance* / GDP (3.6)** (0.2) (0.5) (0.2) (1.5) Fiscal Balance / GDP (8.2)** (5.5) (5.3) (4.6) (5.8) Gross Public Debt / GDP 63.8 63.5 63.3 67.7 67.1 Total Government Debt / GDP 60.1 58.1 58.3 61.3 61.5 Gross Public Debt / Revenue 479.2 439.6 42.1 442.5 433.7 Total Government Debt / Revenue 451.2 402.1 406.7 400.8 397.7 Debt Service / Revenue 40.5 40.1 40.4 35.9 38.3 Interest Service / Revenue 33.2 31.6 33.2 28.4 27.3 Debt Service / GDP 5.4 5.8 5.8 5.5 5.9 *Adjusted for grants ** includes payment for the resolution of the circular debt amounting to Rs 322 billion or 1.4 percent of GDP Source: Debt Policy Coordination Office Staff Calculations, Ministry of Finance 2018 (1.7) (2.1) (6.5) 72.1 66.5 477.3 440.4 37.3 28.7 5.6 Fiscal deficit reached its highest level in last five years and recorded at 6.5 percent of GDP during 2017-18. The fiscal performance can also be assessed through analysis of revenue and primary balances as follow:  The revenue deficit3, which excludes development expenditure, recorded at 1.7 percent of GDP in 2017-18 compared with 0.7 percent during the preceding fiscal year. This growth in current expenditures (13 percent) outpaced the growth in revenue (6 percent) which led to increase in revenue deficit during 2017-18. On the other hand, development expenditures declined by around 4 percent during 2017-18 compared with last fiscal year indicating that fiscal deficit was mainly driven by increase in current expenditure  Similarly, the primary deficit4, which excludes interest payments, increased to 2.1 percent of GDP during 2017-18 from 1.5 percent during 2016-17, indicating a much faster increase in noninterest expenditure compared to revenue. Fiscal indicators witnessed deterioration during first nine months of current fiscal year. The lower revenue collection and higher current expenditures (primarily driven by interest payments and defense expenditures) led to higher revenue deficit of 3.1 percent of GDP compared with 1.4 percent during the same period last year. Similarly, the primary deficit owing to shortfall in revenue 2 As per modalities of MTDS Revenue balance is the total revenues minus current expenditure. The persistence of revenue deficit indicates that the government is not only borrowing to finance its development expenditure, but partially also financing its current expenditure. 4 Primary balance is the total revenues minus non-interest expenditure or fiscal deficit before interest payments. Primary balance is an indicator of current fiscal efforts since interest payments are predetermined by the size of previous deficits. 3 142
175. Public Debt collection and higher non-interest current expenditures , recorded at 1.2 percent of GDP compared with 0.8 percent during the same period last year. Thus, fiscal deficit increased to 5 percent of GDP during first nine months of current fiscal year compared to 4.3 percent during the same period last year. The trends in fiscal, revenue and primary balance are depicted in the graph below: Fig-9.2: Trends in Fiscal, Revenue and Primary Balance (In Percent of GDP) 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 0% -1% -2% -3% -4% -5% -6% -7% -8% -9% Fiscal Balance Revenue Balance Primary Balance Total public debt as percentage of GDP stood at 72.1 percent while total debt of the government recorded at 66.5 percent at end June 2018. Thus, these indictors remained significantly higher than the 60 percent threshold as envisaged under FRDL Act, 2005. Total public debt to GDP ratio further increased and recorded at 74.2 percent of GDP at end March 2019. Apart from higher fiscal deficit, depreciation of Pak Rupee against US Dollar has contributed to this increase during first nine months of current fiscal year. Total public debt position since fiscal year 2013 (both in absolute and GDP terms) are depicted in the following graph: Fig-9.3: Profile of Public Debt (LHS: Rs in billion, RHS: Percent of GDP) 27,000 25,500 24,000 22,500 21,000 19,500 18,000 16,500 15,000 13,500 12,000 10,500 9,000 7,500 6,000 4,500 3,000 1,500 - 74% 73% 72% 71% 70% 69% 68% 67% 66% 65% 64% 63% 62% 61% 60% 59% 58% 57% 56% 55% Domestic Debt External Debt Public Debt to GDP 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Public debt levels against actual government revenues reveal important information about debt bearing capacity of the country. Total public debt as percentage of revenue stood at 477 percent in 2017-18 compared with 434 percent in 2016-17, indicating increase in government indebtedness and weakening debt affordability. Interest payments were 29 percent of revenue during 2017-18 compared with 27 percent during 143
176. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 2016-17 while it was around 33 percent in 2012-13 . Interest payments consumed 41 percent of revenue during first nine months of current fiscal year compared with 33 percent during the same period last year. This increase in interest payment is attributed to tight monetary policy stance5coupled with higher share of short term domestic debt6 while revenue collection remained lower compared with last fiscal year. 9.5 Servicing of Public Debt Public debt servicing was recorded at Rs 1,975 billion during first nine months of current fiscal year against the annual budgeted estimate of Rs 2,396 billion. Domestic interest payments constituted around 65 percent of total debt servicing due to higher volume of domestic debt in total public debt portfolio. Domestic interest payments were recorded at Rs 1,277 billion during first nine months of current fiscal year primarily driven by payments made against Market Related Treasury Bills (Rs 299 billion), Treasury Bills (Rs 290 billion), National Savings Schemes (Rs 272 billion) and Pakistan Investment Bonds (Rs 268 billion). Table-9.5: Public Debt Servicing (Rs in billion) Budgeted Actual 2018-19* Percent of Revenue Total External Principal Repayment (A) 775.9 515.5 14.4 Servicing of External Debt 229.2 182.4 5.1 Servicing of Domestic Debt 1,391.0 1,276.8 35.6 Total Interest Servicing (B) 1,620.2 1,459.2 40.7 Total Servicing of Public Debt (A+B) 2,396.1 1,974.7 55.1 Source: Budget Wing and Debt Policy Coordination Office Staff Calculations, Ministry of Finance, *: July-March Percent of Current Expenditure 10.7 3.8 26.6 30.4 41.2 9.6 Domestic Debt Domestic debt is primarily obtained to finance fiscal deficit while also lending support to Public Sector Development Program (PSDP). Domestic debt comprises permanent debt (medium and longterm), floating debt (short-term) and unfunded debt (primarily made up of various instruments available under National Savings Schemes). During first nine months of the current fiscal year, composition of domestic debt continued to witness changes as most of the domestic borrowing was mobilized from short-term sources while net retirement was witnessed in medium to long term debt. Accordingly, share of floating debt in total domestic debt increased to 57 percent at end March 2019 compared with 54 percent at the end of last fiscal year, while share of permanent debt in total domestic debt reduced to 26 percent at end March 2019 compared with 28 percent at the end of last fiscal year. Fig-9.4: Evolution of Domestic Debt (Rs. in billion) 8,000 PIBs 7,000 T-Bills MRTBs Sukuk NSS Others 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 5 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 (End March) Policy rate increased by around 4.25 percent during first nine months of current fiscal year while global interest rates have also started to pick up during last few years. 6 Domestic debt maturing within one year was around 70 percent at end March 2018. 144
177. Public Debt 9 .6.1 Outstanding Domestic Debt Domestic debt stock was recorded at Rs 18,171 billion at end March 2019. During first nine months of current fiscal year, the government relied mainly on domestic sources to finance its fiscal deficit. Consequently, domestic debt witnessed an increase of Rs 1,754 billion while government borrowing from domestic sources for financing fiscal deficit was Rs 1,398 billion. This differential is mainly attributed to increase in government credit balances with the banking system. Most of the increase in domestic debt came from short term floating debt while net mobilization from permanent debt and unfunded debt remained limited during first nine months of current fiscal year. Cumulatively, the government mostly borrowed from State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) and retired portion of its debt to commercial banks. Quarterly domestic borrowing pattern During first quarter of 2018-19, the bidding pattern of commercial banks was largely driven by the tightening of the monetary policy stance. Within government securities, the banks remained mainly interested in the 3-month treasury bills. In case of fixed rate PIBs, limited participation was observed as the offered amount was only 14 percent of the maturities during the quarter. In contrast, participation in 10-years floating rate PIBs was relatively better i.e. against the target of Rs 150 billion set for first quarter of 2018-19, offered amount was around Rs 152 billion and government accepted Rs 108 billion keeping in consideration cost risks trade-off. Overall, the government had to borrow from SBP to retire its ensuing maturities against treasury bills and fixed rate PIBs as both offered and accepted amount in these securities auctions fell short of their maturities and targets set for the said quarter i.e. the government borrowed Rs 1,750 billion from the SBP and retired Rs 1,488 billion to the commercial banks during first quarter of ongoing fiscal year. During second quarter of 2018-19, the government borrowed more from scheduled banks and retired some of its borrowing from SBP. Continuing the trend observed during the second quarter, banks remained more interested in 3-month treasury bills during second quarter of 2018-19 and consequently the proportion of longer tenure treasury bills almost wiped out in the outstanding domestic debt. The participation in fixed rate PIBs remained subdued during second quarter of 201819 while all the bids in floating rate PIBs auction were rejected. Government also mobilized Rs 72.6 billion from the auction of outright purchase of GIS on deferred payment (Bai Muajjal) basis. Overall, 3-months treasury bills remained the main source for domestic financing of fiscal deficit and refinancing of existing maturities during second quarter of 2018-19. Commercial banks' appetite for medium to long term securities started to revive from January 2019 and healthy participation amounting to Rs 1,215 billion was observed during third quarter of 2018-19 out of which the government accepted Rs 496 billion keeping in view cost risks trade-off. On the other hand, participation and acceptance in treasury bills auctions fell well short of both the maturities and auction targets set for the said quarter and consequently government had to resort to SBP borrowing to meet its additional financing requirements and to cover existing short term maturities. Government also mobilized additional Rs 105 billion from the auction of outright purchase of GIS on deferred payment (Bai Muajjal) basis during the said quarter. Cumulatively, the government borrowed Rs 3,648 billion from the SBP and retired Rs 2,545 billion to the commercial banks during July - March 2019. The following graphs illustrate the auction profile of PIBs and Tbills: 145
178. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Fig-9 .5: Quarter Wise Auction Profile of Treasury Bills (Rs in billion) 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 - Q1 (2018-19) Q2 (2018-19) Q3 (2018-19) Target 5,450 4,600 6,050 Participation 5,250 5,913 3,895 Acceptance 4,687 5,431 3,691 Maturity (Principle + Coupon) 5,661 4,401 6,019 1,000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 - Fig-9.6: Quarter Wise Auction Profile of Fixed Rate PIBs (Rs in billion) Q1 (2018-19) Q2 (2018-19) Q3 (2018-19) Target 150 150 200 Participation 65 48 972 Accepetance 21 22 398 Maturity (Principle + Coupon) 581 48 97 Fig-9.7: Quarter Wise Auction Profile of Floating Rate PIBs (Rs in billion) 300 250 200 150 100 50 - Q1 (2018-19) Q2 (2018-19) Q3 (2018-19) Target 150 150 250 Participation 158 93 243 Accepetance 108 - 98 - - 5 Maturity (Principle + Coupon) The following section highlights the developments in various components of domestic debt during first nine months of current fiscal year: I. Permanent Debt Permanent debt mainly consists of medium to long term instruments (Pakistan Investment Bonds (PIBs), Government Ijara Sukuk (GIS), Prize Bond etc.). PIBs have fixed and semi-annual coupon payment with tenors of 3, 5, 10 and 20 years. Whereas, Government Ijara Sukuk are medium term Shariah compliant bonds currently issued in 3 years’ tenor to raise money from Islamic financial 146
179. Public Debt institutions which have grown substantially in Pakistan in the past few years . Government of Pakistan has also introduced a conventional long-term (10-year maturity) floating-rate PIBs. It has been a very good addition to domestic securities portfolio enabling the government to borrow for a longer period without locking itself into high fixed borrowing cost. This instrument is also useful for investors which prefer to avoid fluctuations in the market value of their investments. Permanent debt was recorded at Rs 4,804 billion at end March 2019, representing an increase of Rs 144 billion during first nine months of ongoing fiscal year. Net mobilization from PIBs stood at Rs 183 billion compared with the retirement of Rs 1,068 billion during the same period last year. Government also mobilized Rs 178 billion from the auction of outright purchase of GIS on deferred payment (Bai Muajjal) basis. II. Floating Debt Floating debt comprises short term domestic borrowing instruments such as Market Treasury Bills (MTBs) and State Bank borrowing through purchase of Market Related Treasury Bills (MRTBs). MTBs are zero coupon or discounted instruments issued in tenors of 3 months (introduced in 1997), 6 months (introduced in 1990) and 12 months (introduced in 1997). In order to raise short term liquidity, the government borrows from the domestic banks through auction of MTBs which is arranged by SBP twice a month. Floating debt formed the largest part of domestic debt portfolio at end March 2019, recorded at Rs 10,271 billion or around 57 percent of total domestic debt portfolio. Floating debt recorded an increase of Rs 1,382 billion during first nine months of current fiscal year, thereby, around 79 percent of total increase in domestic debt portfolio was on account of mobilization from floating debt. The trend in floating debt stock is depicted through following graph: Fig-9.8: Floating Debt as percentage of Domestic Debt 11,000 54.6% 8,000 PKR in billion) 54.1% % of Domestic Debt 9,000 60% 56.5% 55% 50% 45% 44.1% 42.2% 40% 37.8% 7,000 36.7% 35% 6,000 30% 5,000 25% 4,000 20% 3,000 15% 2,000 10% 1,000 5% - Percentahe of Domestic Debt 10,000 Floating Debt 0% 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 (end March) III. Unfunded Debt The stock of unfunded debt (primarily made up of various instruments available under National Savings Schemes) stood at Rs 3,096 billion at end March 2019, constituted around 17 percent of domestic debt portfolio. The rates on National Savings Schemes revised four times during first nine months of current fiscal year to align with the market rates. Unfunded debt recorded net mobilization of Rs 228 billion during first nine months of current fiscal year compared with Rs 49 billion mobilized during the same period last year. Most of the incremental mobilization came from Regular Income Certificate (Rs 103 billion), Bahbood Savings Certificates (Rs 90 billion) and Pensioners' Benefit Account (Rs 31 billion). 147
180. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Over period of time , the government has taken various measures to transform CDNS from merely a retail debt raising arm of the government to an effective vehicle for financial inclusion and provider of social safety net to the vulnerable sections of the society. In addition, various initiatives are in process which are expected to bring further improvement in CDNS (Box-IV). Box-IV: Initiatives for the Improvement of Central Directorate of National Savings (CDNS) Sharia Product of National Savings: Keeping in view the increasing demand of sharia compliant instruments, CDNS has developed its first-ever Sharia Compliant Certificate called “Sarwa Islamic Savings Account (SISA)”. In this reference, the draft rules have been printed in the Gazette of Pakistan and after approval of the CCLC and the Federal Cabinet, the proposed SISA Scheme will be introduced across the country. Overseas Pakistanis Savings Certificates (“OPSCs”): Overseas Pakistanis Savings Certificates have been designed to mobilize the savings from Pakistani diaspora abroad. These certificates will be offered in PKR and US Dollar and are expected to be launched in fiscal year 2019-20. Launch of Rs. 100,000 Premium Prize Bond (Registered): After successful launch of Premium Prize Bond (Registered) with Rs 40,000 denomination, CDNS is in a process of launching another registered prize bond with Rs 100,000 denomination. Scrip-less Issuance and Introduction of Registered Prize Bonds amongst all Denominations of Bearer Bonds: In collaboration with SBP, CDNS is in a process of introduction of registered scrip-less prize bonds amongst all denominations. The registered prize bonds will be a step towards documentation of the economy while providing facility to the general public. Debit Card Launch & Membership of 1-Link System: CDNS is also planning to launch ATM Debit Cards with the support of the Karandaaz Pakistan. Source: Central Directorate of National Savings Table-9.6: Outstanding Domestic Debt - (Rs in billion) 2008 2013 2014 2015 2016 Permanent Debt Market Loans Government Bonds* Prize Bonds** Foreign Exchange Bearer Certificates Bearer National Fund Bonds Federal Investment Bonds Foreign Currency Bearer Certificates U.S. Dollar Bearer Certificates Special U.S. Dollar Bonds Pakistan Investment Bonds (PIB)*** GOP Ijara Sukuk Bai-Muajjal of Sukuk Floating Debt Market Treasury Bills*** MTBs for Replenishment**** Bai Muajjal***** Unfunded Debt Defense Saving Certificates National Deposit Certificates Khass Deposit Certificates Special Savings Certificates (Registered) Special Savings Certificates (Bearer) Regular Income Certificates Premium Saving Certificates Behbood Savings Certificates 4,003.6 2.8 1.3 446.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 4.2 3,222.0 326.4 4,599.1 1,746.8 2,852.3 0.0 2,303.8 284.6 0.0 0.3 445.8 0.3 325.4 0.0 582.4 5,012.8 2.8 1.3 522.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 4.4 4,155.2 326.4 4,609.4 2,148.9 2,460.5 0.0 2,570.3 300.8 0.0 0.3 474.3 0.3 376.0 0.0 628.3 5,940.6 2.8 1.3 646.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 4.5 4,921.4 363.9 5,001.7 2,771.4 2,017.6 212.6 2,683.7 308.9 0.0 0.3 472.4 0.3 359.8 0.0 692.1 616.9 3.0 9.9 182.8 0.2 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 8.3 411.6 1,636.9 536.5 1,100.4 0.0 1,020.4 284.6 0.0 0.3 160.3 0.3 51.0 0.0 229.0 2,179.0 2.8 1.3 389.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 4.3 1,321.6 459.2 5,194.9 2,919.7 2,275.2 0.0 2,146.5 271.7 0.0 0.3 388.2 0.3 262.6 0.0 528.4 148 2017 (P) 2018 (P) March 19 (P) 5,533.1 4,659.2 4,803.6 2.8 2.8 2.8 1.3 1.3 1.3 747.1 851.0 948.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 4.5 5.1 5.9 4,391.8 3,413.3 3,596.2 385.4 385.4 71.0 177.8 6,550.9 8,889.0 10,270.6 4,082.0 5,294.8 3,029.7 2,468.9 3,594.2 7,240.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,765.3 2,868.1 3,096.4 325.5 336.2 380.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 433.1 381.9 415.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 338.8 347.5 450.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 749.5 794.9 884.4
181. Public Debt Table-9 .6: Outstanding Domestic Debt - (Rs in billion) 2008 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 (P) 2018 (P) March 19 (P) 3.7 4.3 5.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 34.9 38.3 37.2 489.0 549.0 473.6 1.7 1.7 1.6 253.4 274.9 306.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 45.8 46.7 46.4 88.8 91.7 95.1 14,849.2 16,416.3 18,170.6 Short Term Savings Certificates 4.0 1.3 1.7 1.9 Khass Deposit Accounts 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Savings Accounts 27.7 22.3 22.6 26.4 30.2 Special Savings Accounts 67.0 346.2 292.7 392.9 423.8 Mahana Amdani Accounts 2.5 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8 Pensioners' Benefit Account 87.7 179.9 198.4 214.1 234.7 Shuhadas Family Welfare Account National Savings Bonds 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 Postel Life Insurance Schemes 67.1 67.1 67.1 67.1 67.1 GP Fund 42.5 73.1 80.5 85.8 90.0 Total Domestic Debt 3,274.2 9,520.4 10,906.5 12,192.5 13,625.9 P: Provisional *Special Government Bond for SLIC have been added into Government Bonds **Includes Premium Prize Bonds (Registered) ***Govt. Securities held by non-residents deducted from PIB's and T Bills ****Includes outright sale of MRTBs to Commercial Banks and SBP (BSC) holding of MTB's i.e. Rs 0.509 billion *****Includes Rs 0.013 billion of Treasury Bills on Tap 9.6.2 Secondary Market Activities in the Marketable Government Securities: Pakistan has a developed and vibrant secondary market for marketable government debt securities. In the first nine months of 2018-19, the secondary market outright trading volumes of government securities increased to Rs 21,345 billion compared with Rs 20,375 billion during the same period of 2017-18. These trading numbers translate into an average daily trading volume of Rs 112.9 billion during July-March 2018-19 compared with Rs 110.2 billion and Rs 60.3 billion in 2017-18 and 2016-17, respectively. The increase in secondary market trading volumes over the last two years is explained primarily by higher issuances of liquid 03-month Market Treasury Bills and improved trading in Government Ijara Sukuk (GIS) in the Islamic debt market. Accordingly, the turnover ratio has also increased to 3.15 in 2018-19 (July-March) from 3.00 in 2017-18 and 1.64 in 2016-17. Table 9.7: Secondary Market Trading Volumes Government Security 2016-17 Treasury Bill - 3 Months Treasury Bill - 6 Months Treasury Bill - 12 Months Sub Total Pakistan Investment Bonds - 3 Years Pakistan Investment Bonds - 5 Years Pakistan Investment Bonds - 10 Years Pakistan Investment Bonds - 15 Years Pakistan Investment Bonds - 20 Years Sub Total Government Ijara Sukuk Grand Total Daily Average volume End Period Stock Turnover ratio Source: State Bank of Pakistan 4,954 3,069 2,361 10,384 1,480 1,193 853 4 19 3,549 846 14,779 60.3 8,991 1.64 149 2017-18 20,114 3,141 258 23,513 1,057 1,029 900 10 11 3,006 1,022 27,541 110.2 9,175 3.00 Rs billion 2018-19 (July-March) 17,093 34 33 17,160 1,105 626 763 1 1 2,495 1,690 21,345 112.9 6,771 3.15
182. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Fig-9 .9: Share of Government Securities in Overall Among the securities, MTBs dominated the Trade Volume secondary market activity as nearly 80 percent 100% (i.e. Rs 17,160 billion) of the trading volumes were in MTBs during the period July-March 80% MTBs 2018-19. Further, among MTBs, almost entire PIBs trading i.e. 99.6 percent (or Rs 17,093 billion) was 60% GIS in 3-month MTBs as there was lack of issuances 40% of longer tenor securities. Market activity in 6-month and 12-month MTBs stayed negligible. 20% While still quite thin at Rs 1,690 billion, the share 0% 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 (Jul-Mar) of GIS in overall trading volume doubled to 8 percent in 2018-19 (July-March) from 4 percent in 2017-18. Though the share of trading in PIBs remained almost same at around 12 percent, market activity was largely skewed in shorter tenors as 3-year PIBs witnessed an increase in its trading volume in 2018-19 (July-March) compared with 2017-18. Repo Market Repo market seems to dominate the secondary market trading volumes this year, as during the first nine months of 2018-19 share of repo market activity was 56 percent, as against 49 percent in 2017-18. The considerably large repo volumes indicate higher liquidity in the repo market that allowed investors to efficiently meet their temporary liquidity needs from the domestic market. On the other hand, the share of outright transactions dropped to 44 percent in the 2018-19 (July-March), compared with 51 percent in 2017-18, as the market was reluctant to take positions amidst rising interest rates. Table 9.8: Government Securities Based Transactions Type Volumes ( PKR billion) 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 (July-March) Repo 19,609 26,539 27,416 Outright 14,779 27,541 21,345 Total 34,388 54,080 48,761 Source: State Bank of Pakistan Market Share (%) 2017-18 2018-19 (July-March) 57 49 56 43 51 44 100 100 100 2016-17 Percentage Secondary Market Yield Curve: Since the beginning of 2018-19, SBP increased its policy (target) rate by a cumulative 425 basis points from 6.50 percent to 10.75 percent. Accordingly, the increase in policy rate effectively translated into market interest rates across the yield curve. Yield curve of up to 10 years as of 29-Mar-2019 was comparatively steeper, as compared to those of end 2017-18 and 2016-17. The steepness of the current yield curve in 1-3 years’ horizon reflects market’s anticipation of increase in interest rates in the medium to long term. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 Fig-9.10: Yield Curves 29-Mar-19 7 Days 15 Days 1-M 2-M 29-Jun-18 3-M 4-M 6-M 30-Jun-17 9-M 1Y 150 2Y 3Y 4Y 5Y 6Y 7Y 8Y 9Y 10 Y
183. Public Debt 9 .7 External Debt and Liabilities Pakistan’s External Debt and Liabilities (EDL) include all foreign currency debt contracted by the public and private sector as well as foreign exchange liabilities of SBP. The part of EDL which falls under government domain is debt which is serviced out of consolidated fund and owed to International Monetary Fund. Whereas, remaining includes liabilities of central bank, debt of public sector entities, private sector and banks. During first nine month of current fiscal year, EDL recorded an increase of US$ 10.6 billion to stand at US$ 105.8 billion at end March 2019 out of which public debt was US$ 74.2 billion. External public debt increased by around US$ 3.9 billion during first nine months of current fiscal year compared with the increase of US$ 6.7 billion witnessed during the same period last year. Borrowing from commercial sources (foreign commercial banks and Eurobonds/Sukuks) have relatively increased during the last few years, however, external public debt still largely comprises multilateral and bilateral sources which cumulatively constituted 78 percent of external public debt portfolio at end March 2019. These multilateral and bilateral loans are contracted at concessional terms (low cost and longer tenor) and are primarily utilized to remove structural growth anomalies and promote reform in the areas of energy, taxation, business, trade and education. These development loans are, thus, deployed to the increase the total output of the country and in-turn the debt repayment capacity. Table-9.9: Pakistan’s External Debt and Liabilities (US$ in million) 2008 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 (P) 2018 (P) A. Public External Debt (1+2) 1. Government External Debt i) Long term(>1 year) Paris Club Multilateral Other Bilateral Euro/Sukuk Global Bonds Military Debt Commercial Loans/Credits Local Currency Securities (PIBs) Saudi Fund for Development (SFD) NBP/BOC Deposits* ii) Short term (<1 year) Multilateral Local Currency Securities (T-bills) Commercial Loans/Credits 2. From IMF i) Federal Government ii) Central Bank B. Foreign Exchange Liabilities i) Central Bank Deposits ii) Foreign Currency Bonds (NHA / NC) iii) Other Liabilities (SWAP) iv) Allocation of SDR v) Nonresident LCY Deposits with Central Bank C. Public Sector Enterprises (PSEs) a. Guaranteed Debt Paris Club Multilateral 41,782 40,445 39,722 13,928 21,449 1,129 2,650 41 120 5 400 723 713 10 1,337 1,337 1,296 1,200 66 30 - 48,139 43,752 43,488 13,548 24,198 3,939 1,550 71 2 180 264 256 8 4,387 1,519 2,868 3,106 800 814 1,487 6 51,460 48,440 47,709 13,607 25,826 4,385 3,550 36 150 16 140 731 443 116 173 3,020 655 2,366 3,281 700 1,045 1,528 8 50,964 46,861 45,849 11,664 24,262 4,941 4,550 300 32 100 1,012 983 29 4,103 52 4,051 3,709 700 1,612 1,390 7 57,757 51,714 50,026 12,678 26,376 5,445 4,550 882 35 60 1,688 1,112 1 575 6,043 6,043 3,600 700 1,507 1,383 10 62,539 56,430 55,547 11,973 27,605 6,323 4,800 0 4,826 0 20 0 882 832 51 0 6,109 0 6,109 3,564 700 0 1,482 1,375 8 70,237 64,142 62,525 11,643 28,102 8,674 7,300 0 6,806 0 0 0 1,617 961 0 655 6,095 0 6,095 5,121 700 0 3,022 1,390 9 74,178 68,412 67,301 11,261 27,366 12,481 7,300 0 8,884 0 0 10 1,111 625 0 486 5,765 0 5,765 10,052 5,700 0 2,978 1,372 1 1,203 196 132 1,848 598 30 2,063 537 25 2,482 970 19 2,807 1,265 11 2,719 1,214 0 6 2,671 1,384 0 5 3,478 2,175 0 3 151 Mar 19 (P)
184. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Table-9 .9: Pakistan’s External Debt and Liabilities (US$ in million) Other Bilateral Commercial Loans Sandak Metal Bonds b. Non-Guaranteed debt i) Long Term(>1 year) ii) Short Term (<1 year) D. Banks a. Borrowing b. Nonresident Deposits (LCY & FCY) E. Private Sector F. Debt Liabilities to Direct Investors Intercompany Debt Total External Debt and Liabilities (A+B+C+D+E+F) 2008 2013 2014 60 4 1,007 1,007 1,880 - 568 1,250 638 612 1,554 710 843 3,143 3,110 512 1,525 726 799 1,989 1,080 909 3,076 3,400 46,161 60,899 65,268 2015 951 1,512 534 978 2,286 1,334 952 3,011 2,717 65,170 2016 2017 (P) 2018 (P) Mar 19 (P) 1,254 1,541 466 1,075 2,695 1,618 1,078 4,073 3,013 1,208 0 0 1,505 403 1,102 4,522 3,303 1,220 6,759 3,375 1,179 200 0 1,287 334 953 4,416 2,966 1,450 9,195 3,597 1,972 200 0 1,303 452 851 4,846 3,280 1,566 10,137 3,151 73,945 83,477 95,236 105,841 *:Pakistan Banao Certificates (PBC) issued by Government of Pakistan for overseas Pakistanis, effective from 4 February 2019. Source: State Bank of Pakistan and Debt Policy Coordination Office, Ministry of Finance 9.7.1 Analysis of External Public Debt Inflows and Outflows The source wise details of external public debt inflows and outflows over last few years are depicted in the table below: Table-9.10: Source Wise External Inflows and Outflows (US$ in million) 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2018-19 (July-March) DISBURSEMENTS Multilateral Bilateral Bonds Commercial IMF Total Inflows (A) 1,332 889 2,221 3,096 887 2,000 323 1,656 7,962 2,824 867 1,000 150 2,611 7,452 3,757 1,040 500 1,387 2,009 8,693 3,064 1,941 1,000 4,426 102 10,533 2,813 1,971 2,500 3,716 11,000 1,150 4,004 3,108 8,262 1,221 440 500 225 53 735 40 3,213 5,480 1,255 1,200 750 489 1,393 40 5,127 5,406 1,317 793 489 86 1,486 20 4,190 6,809 1,123 644 745 251 1,377 4,139 4,123 239 380 354 33 51 69 0 1,127 4,340 295 441 366 66 86 58 0 1,313 6,440 357 444 423 260 128 72 0 1,684 5,874 333 419 284 276 108 50 0 1,470 5,608 REPAYMENTS Multilateral Bilateral Bonds Commercial IMF Short Term Debt Others Total Repayments (B) Net Inflows (A-B) 1,155 299 2,899 390 52 4,795 (2,574) 1,324 435 3,130 256 76 5,220 2,742 1,181 407 1,226 612 76 3,500 3,952 INTEREST PAYMENTS Multilateral 217 204 219 Bilateral 357 386 385 Bonds 111 111 300 Commercial 0 4 9 IMF 100 52 39 Short Term Government Debt 11 16 22 Others 4 3 1 Total Interest Payments (C) 800 775 975 Total Debt Servicing (B+C) 5,595 5,995 4,475 Source: Economic Affairs Division and State Bank of Pakistan 152
185. Public Debt Gross external public debt disbursements were recorded at US $ 8,262 million during nine months of current fiscal year, the details of which are as follows:  Disbursements from bilateral sources remained the main contributor in gross external public debt disbursements with a share of 48 percent or US$ 4,004 million. Out of this total, disbursements from China was US$ 3,885 million or 97 percent of total disbursement from bilateral sources  Foreign commercial loans contributed US$ 3,108 million in total disbursements. These commercial loans were primarily obtained for balance of payment support  Government mobilized US$ 1,150 million from multilateral sources largely for energy and infrastructure projects. During first nine months of the current fiscal year, servicing of external public debt was recorded at US$ 5,608 million. Segregation of this aggregate number shows repayment of US$ 4,139 million towards maturing external public debt stock while interest payments were US$ 1,470 million. The projected external public debt repayment based on outstanding at March 31, 2019 is presented in the graph below: Fig 9.11: External Public Debt Repayment Projections (US$ in million ) (Based on Outstanding at March 31, 2019) 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 2018-2019(Apr-Jun) 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 9.7.2 External Debt Sustainability A country can achieve debt sustainability if it can meet its current and future debt service obligations in a timely manner and has the capacity to withstand macroeconomic shocks. There are two principal indicators or ratios which assess the external debt sustainability; (i) solvency indicators and (ii) liquidity indicators. Solvency indicator such as external debt-to-GDP ratio shows debt bearing capacity while liquidity indicators such as external debt servicing to foreign exchange earnings ratio shows debt servicing capacity of the country. Table-9.11: External Debt Sustainability Indicators (In percent) 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 ED/FEE (times) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 ED/FER (times) 4.4 3.6 2.7 2.5 2.9 ED/GDP (Percentage) 20.8 21.0 18.8 20.7 20.5 ED Servicing/FEE (Percentage) 11.1 11.7 8.5 8.5 12.4 FEE: Foreign Exchange Earnings; ED: External Public Debt; FER: Foreign Exchange Reserves Note: The above ratios are calculated based on US Dollar amounts. Source: Debt Policy Coordination Office, Ministry of Finance 2018 1.3 4.3 22.3 10.8 External public debt to GDP ratio grew to 22.3 percent at end June 2018 compared with 20.5 percent at end June 2017, depicting increased external debt burden. This increase in external public debt may be attributed to net external public debt inflows as well as revaluation losses owing to depreciation of 153
186. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 US Dollar against other international currencies . At end March 2019, this ratio further increased and recorded at 25.8 percent. Apart from increase in external public debt stock, reduction in GDP size in US Dollar terms contributed towards increase in this ratio. Some relief was realized from liquidity standpoint, where external debt servicing to foreign exchange earnings ratio decreased to 10.8 percent in 2017-18 from 12.4 percent in 2016-17 owing to lower principal payments while moderate growth witnesses in FEE during the year. However, relatively higher growth in external public debt stock pushed the ED/FEE ratio to 1.3 times during 2017-18 compared with 1.2 times during preceding fiscal year. Assessment of external public debt in terms of country’s foreign exchange reserves depicts a deteriorating external debt coverage as widening of current account deficit continues to deplete foreign exchange reserves. During 2017-18, ED/FER recorded at 4.3 times, registering a significant increase from 2.9 times during 2016-17. At end March 2019, this ratio was recorded at 4.3 times. Over last few years, stagnation of exports primarily due to bottlenecks in the energy and infrastructure exerted pressure on the country’s liquidity situation. Exports are predominant source of foreign exchange earnings which on one hand provide coverage towards interest servicing while also lending support towards building-up of foreign exchange reserves. Over last few years, negative trend has been observed in exports while imports have exhibited significant growth. Although other income including worker’s remittances witnessed moderate growth, however, it could not keep pace with imports resulting in widening of the current account deficit and erosion of foreign exchange reserves. The incumbent government soon after assuming the charge took various corrective policy measures to arrest the widening external account gap as is evident from the fact that current account deficit reduced by 27 percent during July 2018 - April 2019 as compared with the same period last year. 9.8 Pakistan’s Link with International Capital Market In the second half of 2018, most Emerging Market (EM) assets came under pressure. The continued trade tensions, appreciation of the dollar and reduced economic growth forecasts caused significant capital outflows from emerging markets. Despite these challenging market conditions, Pakistan’s 19s, 21s, 22s, 24s, 25s bonds continued to trade close to par or at a premium, indicating that the investor perception of the credit remained generally favorable. Following a volatile second half of 2018, the beginning of 2019 brought a material shift in the investor sentiment. After a net outflow position for EM fund flows in 2018, the first quarter of 2019 brought fresh liquidity into EM markets due to a record high level of net inflows into emerging markets funds. Pakistan’s bond spreads have shown a strong performance year-to-date, trading back to the same levels as in January 2018. In absolute terms, the Pakistan’s curve has moved ~130 bps tighter on average across all tranches since early January 2019 and continues to outperform comparable assets in the Emerging Markets. Table-9.12: Secondary Trading Levels: Bond Ratings M S&P F EM Sovereign Bonds Pakistan (Sukuk) B3 BBPakistan (Sukuk) B3 BBPakistan(Sukuk) B3 BBEurobond B3 BBEurobond B3 BBEurobond B3 BBEurobond B3 BBSource: Bloomberg – April 30, 2019 Maturity Dec-19 Oct-21 Dec-22 Apr-24 Sep-25 Dec-27 Mar-36 154 Size ($ in million) 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 500 1,500 300 Coupon (%) 6.750 5.500 5.625 8.250 8.250 6.875 7.875 Price 101.3 101.1 100.7 108.2 108.6 99.4 98.5 Yield (%) 4.56 5.02 5.4 6.29 6.58 6.98 8.03
187. Public Debt 9 .9 Conclusion Government is committed to achieve the targets outlined in Fiscal Responsibility and Debt Limitation Act, 2005. Going forward, following are the main priorities with respect to public debt management: i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) Over the medium term, government objective is to bring and maintain its Public Debt-to-GDP and Debt Service-to-Revenue ratios to sustainable levels through a combination of greater revenue mobilization, rationalization of current expenditure and efficient/productive utilization of debt For domestic debt market development, government is planning to introduce various new instruments with the objective to meet government financing requirements at the lowest possible cost while providing additional avenue to investor in-line with their investment horizon and risk appetite/preference Government intends to broaden the universe of Shariah compliant securities (domestic as well as international) Lengthening of maturity profile of domestic debt through enhanced mobilization from medium to long term government securities will remain priority to reduce the re-financing and interest rate risks of domestic debt portfolio Government is tapping new international markets as well as considering to introduce an international bond program instead of borrowing through stand-alone transactions. This is expected to increase investor base, lower borrowing cost and allow the government to optimize timing of issuance as well as save time in execution of debt transactions Government will continue to seek long term concessional loans for development purposes. 155
188. BLANK PAGE
189. CHAPTER 10 Education It is a known fact that sustainable economic development is impossible without improvement in human capital . Education plays an important role in the building of human capital. The government’s intent is to meet Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 4, which aims to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all citizens; through tangible improvements in country’s education. Previously, Pakistan failed in achieving the MDGs target related to education as the desired changes could not be made to upgrade the education system. Now the Goal 4 of SDGs is demanding our attention to improve the indicators required to achieve the Goal 4 i.e., Quality Education (ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote life learning opportunities for all). Box-I: Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) National Framework Goal 4: Quality Education (Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all) National Priority Targets By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys complete free, equitable and quality primary and secondary education leading to relevant and effective learning outcomes By 2030, eliminate gender disparities in education and ensure equal access to all levels of education and vocational training for the vulnerable, including persons with disabilities, indigenous peoples and children in vulnerable situations By 2030, ensure that all youth and a substantial proportion of adults, both men and women, achieve literacy and numeracy Build and upgrade education facilities that are child, disability and gender sensitive and provide safe, non-violent, inclusive and effective learning environments for all National Priority SDG Indicator National Baseline Target 2030 2014-15 Proportion of children and young people: (a) in Total=57% Total=100% grades 2/3; (b) at the end of primary; and (c) at Girls=53.0% Girls=100.0% the end of lower secondary achieving at least a Boys=60.0% Boys=100.0% minimum proficiency level in (i) reading and (ii) mathematics, by sex Parity indices (female/male, rural/urban, GPI Primary=0.87 GPI Primary=1.0 bottom/top wealth quintile and others such as disability status, indigenous peoples and conflict affected, as data become available) for all education indicators on this list that can be disaggregated Percentage of population in a given age group achieving at least a fixed level of proficiency in functional (a) literacy and (b) numeracy skills, by sex Proportion of schools with access to: (a) electricity: (b) the Internet for pedagogical purposes; (c) computers for pedagogical purposes; (d) adapted infrastructure and materials for students with disabilities; (e) basic drinking water; (f) single sex basic sanitation facilities; and (g) basic hand washing facilities (as per the WASH indicator definitions) By 2030, substantially increase the Proportion of teachers in; (a) pre-primary; (b) supply of qualified teachers, including Primary; (c) lower secondary; and (d) upper through international cooperation for secondary education who have received at least teacher training in developing countries, the minimum organized teacher training (e.g. especially least developed countries and pedagogical training) pre-service or in-service small island developing States required for teaching at the relevant level in a given country Source: Ministry of Planning, Development & Reform Total=60.0% Female=49.0% Male=70.0% Total=80.0% Female=69.0% Male=90.0% Primary School Infrastructure: Electricity=53.0%; Drinking Water= 67.0%; Sanitation=67.0% Primary School Infrastructure; Electricity= 53.0%; Drinking Water=67.0%; Sanitation=67.0% - - The government agenda In order to achieve Goal 4 of SDGs, the government has declared Ministry of Planning, Development and Reform as the focal ministry at national level. To achieve education targets,
190. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 federal and provincial governments have to improve their capacities , sectoral governance and increase resources for education. The government is committed to move on all of these areas and has already increased budgetary resources for education. It is also striving to combine diverse education system presently in vogue to introduce a more uniform system of education in the country. A National Education Policy Framework has been formulated to combat the multiple challenges facing the education sector. The Framework has established following priorities areas:  Priority 1: Decrease Out of School Children (OOSC) and Increase School Completion  Priority 2: Achieve Uniformity in Education Standards  Priority 3: Improve the Quality of Education  Priority 4: Enhance Access to and Relevance of Skills Training Regional Comparison of Education Indicators According to UNDP’s Human Development Report 2018, Pakistan is ranked 150th out of 189 countries with the HDI value of 0.562 (with 1 being the maximum value). According to the educational indicators only Afghanistan lags behind Pakistan in the context of regional comparison. All other regional countries have shown improvement in HDI in comparison to Pakistan. Table 10.1 provides a comparison of education indicators across a select group of country’s which are considered to be Pakistan’s comparators. As is obvious from the table, Pakistan does not fare well in this comparison. SDG 4.6 SDG 4.2 Iran 84.7 97.7 98.2 68.5 51 Sri lanka 91.2 98.6 97.7 82.8 94 Maldives 98.6 99.4 99.1 47.1 99 India 69.3 81.8 90.0 51.6 13 Bhutan 57.0 84.5 90.4 9.6 25 Bangladesh 72.8 93.5 90.9 45.5 34 Nepal 59.6 80.2 89.9 34.6 86 Pakistan 57.0 65.5 79.8 37.3 72 Afghanistan 31.7 32.1 61.9 25.1 n/a Source: Human Development Indicator and Indices: 2018 SDG 4.1 109 102 102 115 95 119 134 98 105 89 98 n/a 75 84 69 71 46 55 Human Development Index (HDI) Rank Public Expenditure on education (%age of GDP) (2012-2017) Primary School Dropout rate (2007-2016) Tertiary Secondary Primary Gross enrolment Ratio (GER) 2012-17 Pre-Primary Population with some secondary education %ages 25 years & older (2006-17) Male (2006-16) Youth %age 1524 years old Female (2006-16) Country Literacy rate adult %age 15 years and older (2006-16) Table: 10.1 Education Indicators SDG 4.3 69 19 14 27 11 17 12 10 8 2.5 1.6 17.8 9.8 21.1 33.8 26.5 22.7 n/a 3.4 3.5 4.3 3.8 7.4 2.5 3.7 2.8 3.2 60 76 101 130 134 136 149 150 168 Educational Institutions and Enrolment: i) Pre-Primary Education Pre-Primary education is the basic step for Early Childhood Education (ECE). Preparatory (or Katchi) class is meant for children between 3 to 4 years of age. At the national level, an increase of 7.3 percent is observed in pre-primary enrolment which went up to 12,273.1 thousand in 2017-18 158
191. Education compared to 11 ,436.6 thousand in 2016-17. Enrolment is estimated to increase further by 6.4 percent i.e. from 12,273.1 thousand to 13,063.3 thousand in 2018-19. (Table 10.2). ii) Primary Education (Classes I-V) In 2017-18, there were a total of 172.2 thousand primary functioning primary schools, with 519.0 thousand teachers, across the country. These schools had an overall enrollment of 22.9 million students an increase of 5.5 percent over the previous year. This enrollment is projected to increase to 23.9 million (i.e. by 4.4 percent) in 2018-19. iii) Middle Education (Classes VI-VIII) There were 46.8 thousand middle schools in the country in 2017-18, with 438.6 thousand teachers, and an overall of 7.3 million showing an increase of 4.3 percent over enrolment level of 2016-17. This enrolment is estimated to increase by another 3.7 percent to 7.6 million in 2018-19. iv) Secondary/ High School Education (Classes IX-X) A total of 30.9 thousand high schools, with 556.6 thousand teachers, were functional in the country during 2017-18. High school enrolment, at 3.9 million, represents an increase of 7.4 over enrolment level of 3.6 million in 2016-17. The high school enrolment is estimated to increase by 6.6 percent (to 4.1 million in 2018-19. v) Higher Secondary / Inter Colleges (Classes XI-XII) A total of 5.2 thousand higher secondary schools/inter colleges, with a teacher population of 121.9 thousand, were functioning all over the country in 2017-18. The overall enrolment of 1.75 million in these schools represents a healthy increase of 9.8 percent over enrolment level of 2016-17. This enrolment is expected by another 5.0 percent (to 1.84 million) in 2018-19. vi) Technical & Vocational Institutes A total of 3.7 thousand technical & vocational institutes with 18.2 thousand teachers were functional in 2017-18. The enrolment of 433.2 thousand represents an increase of 25.6 percent over the previous year. With this large increase in base, the enrolment is projected to decorate to 8.7 percent during 2018-19. vii) Degree Colleges (Classes XIII-XIV) A total of 1,657 degree colleges in the country had a teacher population of 42 thousand, in 2017-18. That year, a significant decline of 47.3 percent in enrolment (to 503.8 thousand) was observed in enrolment level, which is projected to decelerate further to 4.3 percent in 2018-19. viii) Universities (Classes XV onwards) In 2017-18, there were 186 universities, with 56.9 thousand teachers, in the country, with a total enrolment of 1.6 million. This enrolment was 7.7 percent higher than previous years. The growth in enrolment however is projected to decline by 0.2 percent in 2018-19. Overall Assessment Overall education condition is based on key performance indicators such as enrolment rates, number of institutes and teachers which experienced marginal improvement. The total enrolment in all educational institution in the country was 50.6 million compared to 48.0 million during 2016-17 an increase of 5.3 percent. The number of institutions is projected to increase by 1.6 percent in 2018-19, leading to an increase of 4.8 percent in aggregate enrolment. The total number of teachers during 2017-18 was 1.8 million compared to 1.7 million during last year showing an increase of 1.6 percent. This number of teachers is estimated to increase by 2.9 percent to 1.8 million during the year 2018-19. [Table 10.2]. 159
192. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Fig-10 .2: Institution at each level Primary Middle 22500 20000 17500 15000 12500 10000 7500 5000 2500 0 High (In thousand) (In thousand) Fig-10.1: Enrolment at each level 2016-17 2017-18 P 175 155 135 115 95 75 55 35 15 -5 2018-19 E Fig-10.3: Teachers at each level Middle High 2016-17 Primary 700 Primary 2017-18 P Middle 2018-19 E High (In thousand) 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2016-17 2017-18 P 2018-19 E Table 10.2: Number of Mainstream Institutions, Enrolment and Teachers By Level ( Thousands) Years PrePrimary^ Primary Middle High Higher Sec./ Inter Degree Colleges Technical & Universities Vocational Institutes Teachers Institutions Enrolment 2012-13 9284.3 18790.4 6188.0 2898.1 1400.0 641.5 302.2 1594.6 2013-14 9267.7 19441.1 6460.8 3109.0 1233.7 674.5 308.6 1594.6 2014-15 9589.2 19846.8 6582.2 3500.7 1665.5 1144.8 319.9 1299.2 2015-16 9791.7 21550.6 6922.3 3652.5 1698.0 937.1 315.2 1355.6 2016-17 11436.6 21686.5 6996.0 3583.1 1594.9 956.4 344.8 1463.3 2017-18* 12273.1 22885.9 7342.7 3850.3 1751.7 503.9 433.2 1575.8 2018-19** 13063.3 23883.6 7616.8 4103.4 1839.7 482.2 470.8 1572.1 2012-13 159.7 42.1 29.9 5.0 1.5 3.3 0.147 2013-14 157.9 42.9 30.6 5.2 1.1 3.3 0.161 2014-15 165.9 44.8 31.3 5.4 1.4 3.6 0.163 2015-16 164.6 45.7 31.7 5.5 1.4 3.7 0.163 2016-17 168.9 49.1 31.6 5.1 1.4 3.8 0.185 2017-18* 172.2 46.8 30.9 5.2 1.6 3.7 0.186 2018-19** 174.9 47.8 31.2 5.3 1.7 3.8 2012-13 428.8 362.6 489.6 132.0 48.8 16.1 77.6 2013-14 420.1 364.8 500.5 124.3 26.0 16.4 77.6 2014-15 430.9 380.8 514.2 118.1 36.6 19.4 88.3 2015-16 444.6 394.2 529.5 123.1 37.1 18.2 83.4 2016-17 475.2 455.4 560.6 120.3 37.9 18.2 58.7 2017-18* 519.0 438.6 556.6 121.9 42.1 18.2 56.9 2018-19** 540.8 457.0 571.8 120.1 40.9 18.7 53.9 *: Provisional, **: Estimated, ^: Including Pre-Primary, Mosque Schools, BECS and NCHD Source: Ministry of Federal Education & Professional Training, AEPAM, Islamabad 160 Total 41099.1 42090.0 43948.3 46223.0 48061.6 50616.5 53031.9 241.6 241.2 252.6 252.8 260.1 260.6 264.7 1555.5 1529.7 1588.3 1630.1 1726.4 1753.3 1803.2
193. Education Literacy PSLM Survey could not be conducted in 2016-17 and 2017-18 on account of “Population & Housing Census in 2017”. However, according to Labour Force Survey 2017-18, literacy rate trends shows 62.3 percent in 2017-18 (as compared to 60.7 percent in 2014-15), males (from 71.6% to 72.5%) and females (from 49.6% to 51.8%). Area wise analysis suggests that literacy rate increased in both rural (51.9% to 53.3%) and urban (76.0% to 76.6%). It is also observed that male-female disparity narrowing down with time span. Literacy rate increases in all provinces, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (54.1% to 55.3%), Punjab (61.9% to 64.7%) and Balochistan (54.3% to 55.5%) except in Sindh (63.0% to 62.2%) where marginal decrease has been observed. [Table10.3]. Table 10.3: Literacy Rate (10 Years and Above) Province/Area 2014-15 Male Female Total Pakistan 71.6 49.6 60.7 Rural 65.3 38.4 51.9 Urban 82.4 69.3 76.0 Punjab 70.4 53.6 61.9 Rural 65.0 44.6 54.6 Urban 80.1 71.0 75.6 Sindh 73.9 50.7 63.0 Rural 61.2 26.2 45.0 Urban 86.0 72.7 79.6 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 72.1 36.8 54.1 Rural 70.2 33.1 51.3 Urban 80.0 52.4 66.3 Balochistan 72.0 33.0 54.3 Rural 67.7 27.7 49.5 Urban 83.4 47.1 67.0 Source: Labour Force Survey, 2017-18, Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 72.5 72.5 66.3 82.2 72.2 66.5 80.9 72.8 60.1 84.3 73.3 71.6 80.4 73.0 68.9 84.2 62.3 53.3 76.6 64.7 56.9 77.2 62.2 44.1 78.4 55.3 52.7 66.8 55.5 50.5 68.5 73.0 57.4 49.9 38.5 Pakistan Total Female 73.3 72.8 72.2 51.8 Male Male Fig-10.4: Literacy Rates 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 (Percent) 2017-18 Female 51.8 40.5 70.6 57.4 47.8 73.3 49.9 25.7 71.7 38.5 35.3 53.3 33.5 26.8 50.1 Punjab Sindh Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 33.5 Balochistan Expenditure on Education Public Expenditure on education was estimated at 2.4 percent of GDP in 2017-18, as compared to 2.2 percent in 2016-17. As mentioned earlier, the government is committed to enhance financial resources for education and ensure their and proper. As shown in Table-10.4, education expenditure has been rising gradually since 2013-14. The education-related expenditure increased by 18.6 percent (to Rs 829.2 billion) in 2017-18. The provincial governments are also spending a sizeable amount of their Annual Development Plans (ADPs) on education. Punjab increased its expenditure in 2017-18 to Rs 340.8 billion as compared to Rs 260.6 billion in 2016-17 which shows a significant increase of 30.8 percent. Sindh also increased its expenditure from Rs 146.7 billion in 2016-17 to Rs 166.0 billion in 2017-18 showing an increase of 13.16 percent. Similarly, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and 161
194. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Balochistan also increased their expenditure on education from Rs 136 .1 billion to Rs 142.6 billion and from Rs 47.7 billion in 2016-17 to Rs 52.8 billion in 2017-18, respectively. Table 10.4: Total Expenditure on Education Years (Rs million) Current Expenditure Development Expenditure 21,554 30,485 6,157 18,756 6,911 83,863 28,293 25,208 7,847 28,506 8,803 98,657 34,665 26,863 11,153 19,925 9,364 101,970 16,890 39,593 12,082 26,639 7,127 102,331 26,495 44,910 13,705 16,494 5,673 101,277 Total Expenditure 87,051 218,038 106,093 89,704 36,889 537,598 102,022 227,090 117,122 111,711 41,102 599,047 119,161 251,471 135,008 112,231 45,485 663,356 108,029 260,642 146,732 136,121 47,698 699,222 126,923 340,803 166,003 142,643 52,780 829,152 As % of GDP 2.1 2017-18 (P) 2016-17 2015-16 2014-15 2013-14 Federal 65,497 Punjab 187,556 Sindh 99,756 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 70,948 Balochistan 29,978 Pakistan 453,735 Federal 73,729 Punjab 201,882 Sindh 109,275 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 83,205 Balochistan 32,299 Pakistan 500,390 Federal 84,496 Punjab 224,608 Sindh 123,855 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 92,306 Balochistan 36,121 Pakistan 561,386 Federal 91,139 Punjab 221,049 Sindh 134,650 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 109,482 Balochistan 40,571 Pakistan 596,891 Federal 100,428 Punjab 295,893 Sindh 152,298 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 126,149 Balochistan 47,107 Pakistan 721,875 P: Provisional Source: PRSP Budgetary Expenditures, External Finance Policy Wing, Finance Division, Islamabad 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.4 Fig-10.5: Total Expenditure on Education (Rs billion) 829.2 850 750 663.4 699.2 599.0 650 Rs. billion 537.6 550 479.9 393.5 450 322.8 350 250 162.1 240.4 259.5 08-09 09-10 187.7 150 50 06-07 07-08 10-11 11-12 162 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 P
195. Education Development Programs 2018-19 Federal Public Sector Development Program (PSDP) The Federal Public Sector Development Program 2018-19 has allocated an amount of Rs 3.14 billion for 6 on-going and 3 new projects of the Ministry of Federal Education & Professional Training. An amount of Rs 2.40 billion has also been provided for 15 on-going & new education related projects to Finance and Capital Administration & Development Divisions. The implementation of PSDP funded projects will have a lasting impact on socio-economic development. Provincial Annual Development Programs (ADPs) 2018-19 The provincial governments have prioritized the sectors such as provision of missing facilities, up gradation of girls and boys primary schools to middle, high and secondary levels, construction of new boys and girls schools and colleges, provision of scholarship through endowment funds and scholarship schemes, provision of stipends to girls students up to Matriculation, improvement of the physical infrastructure, establishment of IT/Science labs in secondary and higher secondary schools, Early Childhood Education (ECE) at Primary level and strengthening of Provincial Institutes of Teacher Education (PITE). All the provinces have allocated budget for the education foundations and development budget has allocated for capacity building of teachers to provide quality education and for the establishment of the cadet colleges to meet the prerequisites of education. Punjab During 2018-19, Punjab government has allocated Rs 32.80 billion for 1,091 on-going and 61 new development projects for education. This includes Rs 25.0 billion for school education, Rs 5.0 billion for higher education, Rs 1.0 billion for special education and Rs 1.80 billion for literacy & nonformal education. Sindh During 2018-19, Sindh government has allocated Rs 27.40 billion for 309 on-going development projects for education. This includes Rs 23.0 billion for Education & Literacy, Rs 0.20 billion for Special Education, Rs 0.96 billion for Sindh TEVTA and Rs 3.24 billion for Universities & Boards. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has allocated to Rs 12.85 billion in 2018-19 for 107 on-going and 28 new development projects. It includes Rs 1.50 billion for primary education, Rs 7.20 billion for secondary education and Rs 4.12 billion for higher education. Balochistan Balochistan government has allocated Rs 12.45 billion for 2018-19 for 205 ongoing and 449 new development projects for education. Out of the total allocation, an amount of Rs 1.77 billion has been allocated for primary education, Rs 4.15 billon for middle education, Rs 3.03 billion for secondary education, Rs 2.11 billion for college education, Rs 0.57 billion for university education, Rs 0.74 billion for general education and 0.069 billion for technical education. Technical and Vocational Education NAVTTC Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) offers the shortest and swiftest path to productive youth engagement. Unfortunately, TVET sector in Pakistan suffers from systemic ailments including limited training capacity, outdated workshops and laboratories, obsolete training equipment, archaic teaching methods and antiquated curricula and, therefore, is grossly incapacitated 163
196. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 to meet the skill training needs of domestic and international markets , in terms of both quantity and quality. National Vocational & Technical Training Commission (NAVTTC) and Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training have developed a broader framework to uplift TVET sector in Pakistan. The roadmap emphasizes on increasing training opportunities for young people as well as re-skilling the existing workers, implementing the National Vocational Qualification Framework (NVQF) and Competency Based Training &Assessment (CBT&A), bridging demand and supply gap of skilled workforce in the country, introducing High-Tech / High-End Training programs, bringing Madrdassa(s) and general education into TVET stream. The ultimate objective of this comprehensive roadmap and National TVET Policy is to streamline TVET sector and create competent, motivated, entrepreneurial, adaptable and creative skilled workforce as per demand of the local & international skill demands for workforce. Following initiatives have been taken by NAVTTC to address qualitative and quantitative disparities in Technical & Vocational Education and Training (TVET) sector; i. National Vocational Qualification Framework (NVQF) has been devised and implemented for the standardization of skill qualifications across the country ii. As quality assurance mechanism in the TVET sector, NAVTTC has introduced a comprehensive accreditation regime in Pakistan. More than 200 TVET institutes and 1400 training programs have already been accredited under the program iii. In curriculum development and its standardization at the national level, NAVTTC has developed curriculum for more than 100 trades, in accordance with latest technological requirements of the national and international job markets iv. Internationally recognized, Competency Based Training (CBT) modules have been introduced in the country to replace the traditional mode of training. With the introduction of CBT, Pakistan is now able to deliver training in accordance with the internationally demanded and recognized requirements v. Special emphasis has been laid on giving pivotal role to industry and private sector in TVET sector development in the country. Four Sector Skill Councils (SSCs) have been established in the Construction, Hospitality, Textile and Renewable Energy sectors. National Skill Forum (NSF) has been established to bring all the stakeholders on board. The concept of Institute Management Committees (IMCs) has been introduced for the first time in Pakistan at the TVET institute level, which gives greater representation to private sector in the management and training delivery in the TVET institutes vi. Pakistan is now member of the World-Skills which is the collective voice for skills excellence and development in vocational, technological and service oriented careers around the globe vii. Training and capacity building of TVET trainers and managers has also been given its due importance. Both in-country and foreign training program have been arranged for training and capacity building of TVET trainers and managers viii. To collect latest market data on skills demands in the national and international job markets and create real time linkages with prospective employers, National Skills Information System (NSIS) has been established with state of the art technologies ix. For the first time in Pakistan, a National Job Portal has been introduced to link skilled workers with employers. Skill profiles of more than 550,000 youth are available on the National Job Portal. Additionally, NAVTTC has also established Job Placement Centres (JPCs) at Islamabad, Karachi and Lahore and more than 100 Job Placement and Vocational Counseling Centres (JP&VCCs) across the country for the benefit of youth x. Apart from conventional skills, occupations and vocations of TVET sector, NAVTTC is also expanding its outreach catering High-Tech / High-End & cutting-edge technologies and skill 164
197. Education development programs along with development of qualifications xi . NAVTTC’s another initiative in the shape of legislation for TVET sector in Pakistan i.e. Apprenticeship Act-2018 has also been approved by the parliament and is being piloted in ICT. This act targets the occupation specific learn-cum-earn basis skill development model for youth and encompasses all sectors of the economy specifically Agriculture and Services sectors which were missing in previous Apprenticeship Act -1962. NAVTTC’s New Initiatives a) Implementation of National “Skills for All Strategy” as a Catalyst for uplift of TVET Sector in Pakistan After assuming the office, the current government constituted a task force for devising a comprehensive strategy for skill development in the country. The Task Force, which represented all stakeholders in the skill development sector, identified eight key areas of interventions, mentioned below. i. ii. iii. iv. Improving Governance to remove fragmentation/duplications leading to systemic wastages Exploring Multi-source Funding to pursue a broad-based reform agenda Capacity Enhancement to create more and more training opportunities Quality Assurance to bring quality of skills at par with national and international requirements v. Access and Equity for providing equal opportunities to such marginalized segments of society as females, orphans, special people, youth from less developed areas etc. vi. Industry Ownership to enhance both relevance of training and youth employability vii. Skill Development for International Market for increasing foreign remittances viii. TVET Communication Plan to increase image of skill sector. To implement the above recommendations, a comprehensive plan has been prepared which is expected to prove as catalyst towards the development of skill training in the country and will encourage other stakeholders, such as provincial governments, private sector and donors, to contribute their share in enabling Pakistan's skill sector to meet the two-fold requirement of greater youth employability and higher industrial productivity. b) Establishing Centres of Excellence in National Training Bureau (NTB), National Skills University (formerly NISTE, Islamabad) and 13 Heavy Machinery Operators Skill Development Centres NAVTTC’s another project PC-1 targeting the establishing of Centres of Excellence at National Training Bureau (NTB), National Skills University (formerly NISTE, Islamabad) and 13 Heavy Machinery Operators Skill Development Centres across the country has already been approved and the execution will be commenced as financial allocation for FY2020 is received through M/o Federal Education and Professional Training, Islamabad. Under this project state of the art Centres of Excellence for Construction and Hospitality sectors will be established in the country to ensure supply of skilled workforce to local industry including CPEC and other national mega projects and international job market. c) Hunarmand Jawan- Prime Minister’s “Skills for All” Program NAVTTC in line with the directions of the present government is intending to launch Hunarmand Jawan-Prime Minister’s “Skills for All” Program to supply 150,000 skilled workforce each year into the system. The salient features of this program include; 165
198. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19  Skill Development Training of 75,000 youth in conventional trades / occupation belonging to far-flung / under-developed and un-covered areas of Gilgit Baltistan, Balochistan, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Southern Punjab and Interior Sindh  Skill Development Training of 75,000 youth in High-Tech / High-End and cross cutting technologies in Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, Advanced electronics etc. in state of the art skill development centres, skill and technological universities, industry  Establishing Business Incubation Centres in TVET Institutes to promote self-employment and entrepreneurships  International Certifications of Pakistani TVET graduates from international skill agencies. Higher Education Commission The knowledge based society and economic growth are directly proportional to intellectual capital of a nation, which are not possible without phenomenal growth in the higher education sector of a country. It plays a critical role in generation and transmission of knowledge, critical to achieving a high growth rate and a competitive position in the global knowledge economy. HEC, since its inception in 2002 has embarked upon a comprehensive Higher Education Reforms process that has transformed the Higher Education Sector of Pakistan in the span of 15 years. The progress so achieved has been recognized both nationally and internationally, and would not have been possible without government’s unprecedented resolve for the development of Higher Education. It is through patronage of the Government of Pakistan that, improved equitable access, growing PhD faculty, state of the art labs, up to date curriculum, modern infrastructure, thriving learning and research environment, advanced ICT facilities, development of Advanced Study Centers on issuance of national relevance, focus on innovation and entrepreneurship, quality assurance and good governance in institutions of Higher Education. There are 194 public and private sector Higher Education Institutes operating in the country having total enrolment of 1.576 million approx. Table: 10.5 Enrollment- Region, Sector and Gender-wise for the year 2017-18 Province/ Public Private Total Region Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total ICT 274,467 282,493 556,960 20,580 13,089 33,669 295,047 295,582 590,629 Punjab 189,821 187,218 Sindh 107,571 71,418 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Balochistan 21,873 11,368 Azad Jammu & Kashmir Gilgit Baltistan 2,160 377,039 85,705 52,411 138,116 275,526 239,629 515,155 66,878 26,201 174,449 97,619 58,850 35,574 30,322 10,082 9,460 13,392 31,333 24,760 484 1,021 108 1,357 592 2,378 22,357 12,389 9,568 14,749 31,925 27,138 2,184 4,344 0 0 0 2,160 2,184 4,344 Pakistan 678,678 587,826 1,266,504 202,214 Source: Higher Education Commission 89,172 166,421 45,656 106,992 107,369 309,583 880,892 97,200 263,621 36,283 143,275 695,195 1,576,087 Ranking of Pakistani Universities It is the result of steps taken by Higher Education Commission through continued improvement in quality of Teaching & Research as well as promoting a culture of participation of Pakistani HEls in International Rankings that now Twenty Three (23) Pakistani Universities are ranked among Top 500 Asian Universities whereas NUST stands at 87 in QS Asian ranking. Moreover, nine (09) 166
199. Education Pakistani Universities stand among Top 1000 world universities , whereas, PIEAS is at 397 in QS World Ranking. Table: 10.6 Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) Asian Ranking S# University 1 National University of Science & Technology, Islamabad. 2 Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 3 Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 4 COMSATS University, Islamabad 5 Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad 6 University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore. 7 University of the Punjab, Lahore 8 Aga Khan University, Karachi 9 University of Karachi, Karachi 10 University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 1 Government College University, Lahore 12 Bahria University, Islamabad 13 Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 14 International Islamic University, Islamabad 15 NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi 16 University of Lahore, Lahore 17 University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 18 Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro 19 University of Sargodha, Sargodha 20 University of Sindh, Jamshoro 21 Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 22 University of Central Punjab, Lahore 23 University of Management & Technology, Lahore Source: Higher Education Commission Table: 10. 7 Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) World Ranking S# QS World University Ranking 1 Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad. 2 National University of Science & Technology, Islamabad. 3 Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 4 Lahore University Management Sciences, Lahore. 5 COMSATS University, Islamabad 6 University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore. 7 University of the Punjab, Lahore 8 University of Karachi, Karachi. 9 The University of Lahore, Lahore. Source: Higher Education Commission 2019 87 95 109 135 146 171 193 195 251-260 281-290 351-400 351-400 351-400 351-400 351-400 401-450 401-450 401-450 401-450 401-450 451-500 451-500 451-500 2018 -431-440 651-700 701-750 -801-1000 -801-1000 801-1000 2019 397 417 551-560 701-750 751-800 801-1000 801-1000 --- Enhancement of Access to Quality Education HEC's strategy to improve equitable access to higher education is based on the following objectives:  to significantly increase enrolment in undergraduate and postgraduate degree programs  to provide opportunities for higher education to talented students regardless of gender or socioeconomic background  to support quality distance education 167
200. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19  to introduce new areas of teaching and research in universities in response to market demands and projection of the future needs of Pakistan  to provide institutions with the necessary infrastructure to absorb an increased student population  to provide on-campus residential opportunities to students so that deserving students are not deprived access to quality higher education. Human Resources Development Human Resource Development (HRD) division of HEC is responsible for the provision of scholarships to talented candidates for enhancing their qualification to meet the requirements of highly qualified faculty for universities, research organizations, and the industry. Programs initiated by Human Resource Development (HRD) are primarily designed to fill the gap of the trained people in various fields relevant to the national priorities. Moreover, it also envisages building an environment of research which is vital for the country's economic and social wellbeing. The creation of an ambiance of research in the context of national needs and in line with the global trends is at the core of vision of HRD Division. The HRD performance for the FY2019 (July-March) is as under: Table: 10.8 Details of Scholarships under HRD Schemes 2018-19 (July-March) Program Titled Indigenous (PhD) Post Graduate/Undergraduate Scholarships for students of FATA &Balochistan Foreign (PhD) Prime Minister's Fee Reimbursement Scheme (PMFRS) for less developed areas Need Based Graduate/Undergraduate Scholarships Other programs Grand Total Source: Higher Education Commission Scholarships July-March 2018-19 371 1200 684 15403 4100 780 22538 Planning & Development Division Under the PSDP 2018-19, the government had initially allocated Rs 35.829 billion to HEC for implementation of 178 development projects (133 ongoing & 45 un-approved projects) of Public Sector universities/HEls. However, while rationalization of PSDP by Ministry of Planning, Development & Reform (PD&R), the size of the PSDP allocation was curtailed / revised to Rs 30.961 billion for only 136 ongoing development projects of Universities/HEC. During FY2019 (July-March), an amount of Rs 15.083 billion (49% of the total allocation) has been released to the Public Sector Universities/HEls for ongoing projects. These projects contain activities like; Construction of new academic buildings, Strengthening of ICT Infrastructure, Faculty Development, Procurement of Laboratory Equipment's and other approved components. In addition to PSDP budget, a Technical Supplementary Grant of Rs 0.503 billion for the project titled "Award of 3000 Scholarships to students from Afghanistan under the Prime Minister's Directive" has also been released to HEC. Under this scheme, the Government of Pakistan offers scholarships to 3000 Afghan students in various field including Medicine, Engineering, Agriculture, Management and Computer Sciences to create Pakistan's Goodwill among the people of Afghanistan, to promote Human Resource Development for reconstruction of Afghanistan, to develop people to people contact between two neighbouring countries and to create excellent leadership qualities among Afghan Youth. Education Survey (Annual Status of Education Report, 2018): Annual Status of Education Report (ASER), 2018 is the largest citizen led household based learning 168
201. Education survey mostly in all rural and selected urban areas . The ASER’s specifically trained 11,000 member volunteer team has surveyed 89,966 households in 4,527 villages and blocks across 154 rural districts of Pakistan. Detailed information of 260,069 children aged 3-16 has been collected (54% male and 44% female), and of these, 196,253 children aged 5-16 years were assessed for language and arithmetic competencies. Box II: ASER 2018 National Summary Enrollment (National Rural):  In 2018, 83% of 6-16 year old children in rural Pakistan were enrolled in schools whereas 17% children were out of school. Compared to ASER 2016, percentage of out of school children in rural Pakistan has decreased from 19%. Amongst the enrolled, 77% of children were in government schools and 23% were enrolled in non-state institutions (20% private schools, 3% Madrassah, 0% others).  In ASER 2018 amongst the 17% out-of- school children (age 6-16 years), 7% were males and 10% were females. This gap has narrowed compared to the last ASER cycle (8% males and 11% females).  Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, GB and Balochistan all recorded increases in enrolment (6-16 years) ranging between 1% to 8%.  Pre-school enrollment (3-5 years) in 2018 stands at 37% as compared to 36% in 2016. Highest enrollment for pre-school was in Islamabad Capital Territory, 62%, followed by 52% in Punjab and 50% in AJK. Lowest enrolment was recorded for KP Merged Districts (FATA) at 23%. Quality of Learning (National Rural):  Learning levels in all three competencies i.e. Language (Urdu/Sindhi/Pashto), English and Arithmetic have improved since 2016.  In ASER 2018, 56% of Class 5 students were reported as being able to read a story compared to 52% of Class 5 students who could do so in 2016. For English this year, 52% of class 5 students could read Class 2 level English sentences as compared to 46% of Class 5 students who could do so in 2016. Similarly, 53% of Class 5 students were able to do 2-digit division sums compared to 48% of children in 2016.  The top scorers for Language: Urdu are, AJK (78%), ICT-Islamabad (75%), Punjab (69%) and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (58%); English: AJK, Punjab, GB and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 92%, 65%, 63% 55% respectively, and for Arithmetic: AJK, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, GB, and Punjab 73%, 69% 63%, 60% respectively.  ASER Survey 2018 highlights as per past trends that children enrolled in private schools are performing better compared to those studying in government schools. In some provinces this gap is being eliminated, for instance in Punjab. Mothers’ Education:  This year, the percentage of mothers’ having completed primary education has gone up (33%) as compared to 2016 (30%). School Facilities (National Rural):  ASER 2018 surveyed 4,284 government and 1,171 private schools in 154 rural districts of Pakistan. Private sector still reports better school facilities but with progressive improvement in government schools.  Overall teacher attendance in government schools was 87% compared to 89% in private schools. Overall student attendance in government schools was 84% compared to 88% in private schools. 169
202. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19  36% teachers of government schools have done bachelors compared to 42% teachers of private schools. Whereas, 42% teachers of government schools have done Masters as compared to 30% teachers of private schools.  42% of the surveyed government primary schools did not have toilets in 2018 compared to 46% in 2016. Similarly, 13% surveyed private primary schools were missing toilet facility in 2018 compared to 16% in 2016.  33% of the surveyed government primary schools did not have drinking water in 2018 compared to 40% in 2016; 11% of the surveyed private primary schools did not have drinking water facility in 2018 as compared to 15% in 2016. Multi-grade Teaching:  The trends in multi-grade teaching across schools are as follows. ASER 2018 National rural reveals that 43% of government and 23% of private schools have multi-grade teaching at Class II level; whilst at the Class VIII level, multi-grade teaching is more prevalent in the private sector 9% vs. 5% in government schools. ASER Findings on Disability/Health & Functioning: ASER Pakistan, since 2014, has been capturing data on disability incidence in Pakistan by using the ‘UN Washington Group on Disability Statistics’ Short Set of questionnaire (3-16 years). This questionnaire is devised as a standard tool to estimate the functional difficulties in six core functional domains: walking, seeing, hearing, cognition, self-care and communication. In continuation of this activity, ASER 2018, using the same set of questionnaire, has reached out to over 119,000 children in Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (including the KP-newly merged districts) and Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT).  Among these, 4,251(3.57%) of the children were found to have at least one functional difficulty. Disaggregating this figure for gender, 1,760 (3.43%) of the boys had a difficulty while the same was 2,491 (3.66%) for girls i.e. a slightly higher percentage of girls reported having any difficulty than for boys.  By education status, results show that around 3,174 children out of the total 4,251 children with disabilities are enrolled in school (74.66%), while 880 (20.7%) have never been enrolled and 197 (4.63%) have dropped out. Source: ASER, 2018 Annual Report. Conclusion Education needs to be delivered inclusively, effectively and equitably across the country to ensure that it is a driver of social cohesion and resilience. The present government is fully committed to improve both the quality and the coverage of education. For this purpose, the government is focusing on uniform education system, use of information technology, improved governance and financial efficiency of education system, decrease dropout ratio, solutions to raise quality of education, increased school enrolment and removing financial barriers. 170
203. CHAPTER 11 Health and Nutrition Improving health and nutrition of the population is the priority agenda of the present government with increased focus on revamping and strengthening primary and secondary healthcare facilities . Fundamental health indicators to some extent are improving but the pace of progress is slow. The spending on health has been less than one Fig 11.1:Trends in Chilhood Mortality Death percent of GDP since decades. This is one of the per 1,000 live births key structural challenge. In terms of HDI, 120 112 Pakistan’ position is 150 out of 189 countries in 100 94 2017. Some slight improvement has been 89 86 80 70 witnessed, as in 2012-13, 45 percent of children 74 74 62 60 were stunted which dropped to 38 percent in 55 54 49 2017-18. Childhood wasting declined slightly 40 Under-5 mortality 42 from 11 percent to 7 percent, while the Infant mortality 20 Neonatal mortality prevalence of underweight children declined 0 from 30 percent to 23 percent. Childhood 1990-91 2006-07 2012-13 2017-18 Pakistan Demographic & Health Survey 2017-18 mortality rates have declined since 1990. Infant mortality has decreased from 86 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1990 to 61.2 in 2017. During the same time period, under-5 mortality has markedly declined from 112 to 74 deaths per 1,000 live births. Neonatal mortality declined from 55 in 2012 to 42 deaths per 1,000 live births. Socio-economic factors like health, education, environment etc, are closely interlinked with Human Development Indicator. Living standard and life showed improvement but this is not uniform across the regional countries. Comparative position of regional countries’ health development is given in Table 11.1: Table 11.1: Regional Countries Human Development Indicator Life expectancy at Infant Mortality Maternal Mortality Rate Country Country Name birth, total (years) Rate (per 1,000 live births) 2015 2015 2016 2017 Pakistan 66.3 India 68.3 Bangladesh 72.2 Sri Lanka 75.1 Nepal 69.9 Bhutan 69.8 China 76.1 Indonesia 69.0 Malaysia 75.1 Philippines 69.0 Thailand 75.1 Source: World Bank 2016 66.5 68.6 72.5 75.3 70.3 70.2 76.3 69.2 75.3 69.1 75.3 2017 66.6 68.8 72.8 75.5 70.6 70.6 76.4 69.4 75.5 69.2 75.5 64.6 35.3 29.8 8.2 29.9 27.6 9.2 22.9 6.5 23.0 9.0 62.9 33.6 28.3 7.8 28.8 26.5 8.6 22.2 6.6 22.7 8.5 61.2 32.0 26.9 7.5 27.8 25.6 8.0 21.4 6.7 22.2 8.2 (Per 100,000) 2013 2014 2015 190.0 189.0 201.0 32.0 291.0 166.0 29.0 140.0 43.0 121.0 21.0 184.0 181.0 188.0 31.0 275.0 156.0 28.0 133.0 41.0 117.0 21.0 178.0 174.0 176.0 30.0 258.0 148.0 27.0 126.0 40.0 114.0 20.0 Under 5 Mortality Rate (Per 1,000) 2015 79.5 44.1 36.4 9.5 36.6 33.4 10.8 27.2 7.6 29.1 10.4 2016 77.1 41.6 34.3 9.1 35.0 32.0 10.0 26.3 7.7 28.6 10.0 2017 74.1 39.4 32.4 8.8 33.7 30.8 9.3 25.4 7.9 28.1 9.5 Population growth (annual %) 2015 2.0 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.2 1.4 0.5 1.2 1.6 1.6 0.4 2016 2.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.3 0.5 1.1 1.5 1.6 0.3 2017 2.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 0.6 1.1 1.4 1.5 0.3
204. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Health Expenditure Cumulative health expenditures by federal and provincial governments during 2018-19 (Jul-Mar) increased to Rs 203.74 billion which is 3.29 percent higher than corresponding period of previous year, which was recorded at Rs 197.25 billion. The current expenditure increased by 19.84 percent from Rs 149.97 billion to Rs. 179.72 billion while of development expenditure decreased by 49.19 percent from Rs 47.28 billion to Rs 24.03 billion. However, the break-up of expenditures among federal and provinces demonstrate that during JulyMarch FY2019, Federal and Punjab health expenditures decreased by 10.0 and 8.2 percent, respectively, over same period last year. On the other hand, Sindh, Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa health expenditures increased by 22.2, 18.4 and 10.5 percent, respectively. As percentage of GDP health expenditure has improved from 0.91 percent in 2016-17 to 0.97 percent in 2017-18 and during FY 2018-19(Jul-Mar) it increased by 0.53 percent compared to 0.49 percent during corresponding period last year. The details are as; Table 11.2: Health & Nutrition Expenditures Fiscal Years Public Sector Expenditure (Federal and Provincial) Total Health Development Current Expenditures Expenditure Expenditure 2007-08 59.90 27.23 2008-09 73.80 32.70 2009-10 78.86 37.86 2010-11 42.09 18.71 2011-12 55.12 26.25 2012-13 125.96 33.47 2013-14 173.42 58.74 2014-15 199.32 69.13 2015-16 225.33 78.07 2016-17 291.90 101.73 2017-18 336.29 88.27 Jul-Mar 2017-18* 197.25 47.28 2018-19* 203.74 24.03 *Expenditure figure for the respective years are for the period (July-Mar) (Rs. billion) Health Expenditure as % of GDP Percentage Change 32.67 41.10 41.00 23.38 28.87 92.49 114.68 130.19 147.26 190.17 248.02 19.80 23.21 6.86 -46.63 30.96 128.51 37.68 14.94 13.05 29.54 15.21 0.56 0.56 0.53 0.23 0.27 0.56 0.69 0.73 0.77 0.91 0.97 149.97 179.72 3.29 0.49 0.53 Source: Finance Division (PF Wing) Fig-11.2: Total Public Sector Expenditure on Health 400 Pak Rs. (billion) 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 Development 18.7 26.3 33.5 58.7 Current 23.4 28.9 92.5 114.7 Total 42.1 55.1 126.0 173.4 199.3 2018-19 (Jul-Mar) 2016-17 69.1 78.1 101.7 88.3 47.3 24.0 130.2 147.3 190.2 248.0 150.0 179.7 225.3 291.9 336.3 197.2 203.7 172 2017-18 2017-18 (Jul-Mar) 2015-16
205. Health and Nutrition Table 11 .3: Share in Total Public Sector Health Expenditure 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2017-18 (Jul-Mar) Federal 11.4 34.7 36.2 35.3 Punjab 47.8 55.1 67.7 88.5 Sindh 43.5 46.6 51.2 61.3 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 12.8 24.5 30.8 24.4 Balochistan 10.4 12.5 13.5 15.8 Source: PF Wing (Finance Division), Annual Budget Statement 2018-19 46.9 127.7 62.9 33.0 21.4 35.4 151.6 87.8 39.7 21.7 13.8 98.2 51.1 21.2 12.9 2018-19 %Change (Jul-Mar) 2018-19/2017-18 12.4 -10.0 90.1 -8.2 62.5 22.2 23.5 10.5 15.2 18.4 (Jul-Mar) Fig11.3: Share in Total Public Sector Health Expenditure 160 140 (Rs. Billion) 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2017-18 2017-18 (Jul-Mar) 2018-19 (Jul-Mar) 46.9 35.4 13.8 12.4 127.7 151.6 98.2 90.1 62.9 87.8 51.1 62.5 24.4 33.0 39.7 21.2 23.5 15.8 21.4 21.7 12.9 15.2 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 Federal 11.4 34.7 36.2 35.3 Punjab 47.8 55.1 67.7 88.5 Sindh 43.5 46.6 51.2 61.3 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 12.8 24.5 30.8 Balochistan 10.4 12.5 13.5 2016-17 Health Status A series of programs and projects are on track in Pakistan to improve health status of the people and to reduce burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases while vertical programs have been devolved to the provinces. By the year 2018, the number of public sector hospitals has increased to 1,279, Basic Health Units (BHUs) improved to 5,527, Rural Health Centers (RHCs) were increased to 686 and dispensaries to 5,671. These facilities together with 220,829 registered doctors, 22,595 registered dentists and 108,474 registered nurses bring the current ratio of one doctor for 963 persons, 9,413 persons per dentist and availability of one hospital bed for 1,608 person as given in Table 11.4:Table 11.4: Healthcare Facilities Health Manpower 2011 2012 Registered Doctors 152,368 160,880 Registered Dentists 11,649 12,692 Registered Nurses 77,683 82,119 Population per Doctor 1,162 1,123 Population per Dentist 15,203 14,238 Population per Bed 1,647 1,616 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 2013 167,759 13,716 86,183 1,099 13,441 1,557 2014 175,223 15,106 90,276 1,073 12,447 1,591 2015 184,711 16,652 94,766 1,038 11,513 1,604 2016 195,896 18,333 99,228 997 10,658 1,592 2017 208,007 20,463 103,777 957 9,730 1,580 (in Nos.) 2018 220,829 22,595 108,474 963 9,413 1,608 The present government is committed to further uplift health and nutrition status of population. The Ministry of National Health Services, Regulations and Coordination (NHSRC) during 2 nd and 3rd quarter of FY2019 has made significant progress by devising comprehensive strategies to improve health for all Pakistani people. In this context two strategic documents were produced and approved which are as follows: 173
206. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 a . Action Plan - National Health Services, Regulations and Coordination Division 2019-2023: The ‘Action Plan’ sets out the prioritized strategic actions of the new government to transform the health sector of Pakistan by addressing the challenges, health sector reforms and thus improving the health outcomes of people of Pakistan. This action plan will augment current health sectoral and sub-sectoral strategies and plans in the country and will support the progress towards achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and International Health Regulations (IHR) agenda in the country. b. Islamabad Capital Territory – Health Strategy (2019-23)- The first ever ‘Islamabad health strategy’ to ensure provision of integrated quality health care services in the capital area. Accountability Model - Performance Tracking and Governance Framework for Implementation The Government of Pakistan envisaged improving healthcare service delivery at all levels of service delivery system which cannot be materialized without introduction of robust healthcare accountability system in place. Accountability is the key priority in health sector. The accountability model has been strengthened through a Unified Accountability Framework of Performance Tracking and Governance to support action towards the broader SDG follow-up and review processes over the next fifteen years. The accountability approach included: measurement, inclusion, participation, transparency and independence. Key accountability functions included to facilitate tracking of resources, results and rights, including through multi-stake holder commitments and multi-sectoral action, to achieve the SDGs, and promote alignment of national, regional and global investments and initiatives in support of the indigenous accountability system and plans, and improve multi-stakeholder engagement at all levels. New Initiatives 2018-19 i. Sehat Sahulat Program(SSP) Ministry of National Health Services, Regulations and Coordination (NHSRC) in collaboration with provincial governments, started a landmark and flagship health care and social protection initiative, the Sehat Sahulat Program (previously known as Prime Minister’s National Health Program). The objective is to lead a path towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in Pakistan, with special focus towards those living below the poverty line in the country. The program is being implemented in a phased manner. In the first phase, the program is being implemented in 38 districts of Pakistan covering 3.2 million families. Benefit Packages of Phase-I In Sehat Sahulat Program each enrolled family will be insured upto Rs. 50,000/- per year for secondary care treatment and upto Rs. 250,000/- per year for 7 priority care treatment. Patients who have consumed their limits will be provided with additional limits by Pakistan Bait-ul-Mal. Benefit Packages of Phase-II In phase-II of the Sehat Sahulat Program, benefit package of each enrolled family has been raised to Rs. 120,000/- per year for secondary care treatment and upto Rs. 600,000/- per year for 8 priority diseases/illnesses related treatment. Transportation Cost SSP is a cashless scheme in which no cash assistance or cash transfers will be provided to the beneficiary except indoor health care services and a traveling allowance. Traveling allowance of Pak Rs. 350/- per discharge, for a total of 3 discharges per year, from residence to hospital and back is provided to the beneficiaries. In Phase-II of SSP, enhanced transportation cost of Rs. 1,000 is being 174
207. Health and Nutrition provided to beneficiaries upon discharge . Current Status As of 9th February 2019, a total of 3,237,660 families have been enrolled in the Sehat Sahulat Program and more than 117,726 families have been treated for various illnesses from 157 empanelled hospitals across Pakistan. There is also an option of inter district portability in the program which enables the enrolled beneficiaries and families to access quality indoor hospital services from any empanelled hospital, both in public and private sector. Insurance Company Sehat Sahulat Program is being implemented through State Life Insurance Corporation of Pakistan, hired through an open and transparent bidding process. Services are delivered to the beneficiaries by empaneling secondary and tertiary level health care facilities, both at public and private sector, in all focused districts and metropolitan cities of the country. The hospital is being empanelled through the insurance company based on hospital empanelment criteria set forth in the program documents. ii. Civil Registration and Vital Statistics Given the significance and relationship that an efficient Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) has towards the development of a country, the government is making serious efforts and has gained momentum to strengthen and revamp its CRVS in the country. In the recent past, a number of steps have been taken ranging from national assessment studies, institutional arrangements and organization of countrywide advocacy seminars to initiate the process for the development of a robust National CRVS Strategic Plan. Civil registration is an important act of recording and documenting of vital events in a person’s life (including birth, marriage, divorce, adoption and death) and is therefore, a fundamental function of government. Within government, civil registration system is the responsibility of a number of ministries or departments, including ministries of health, interior, justice and national statistical offices. Communication of multiple agencies is a key to the system’s performance. Civil registration contributes to public administration and governance by providing individuals with legal identity and civil status and generating information that can be used as the source of civil registries and population databases. The task of overall coordination for CRVS development has been assigned to Ministry of Planning, Development and Reforms. Following milestones have so far been achieved  Advocacy/Awareness seminars for CRVS were organized in provinces and regions.  Provincial steering committee meetings were organized in all provinces and regions  Provincial CRVS Symposiums were organized in all provinces and regions. The primary objective of these symposiums is to accelerate the contributions of provincial governments and development partners by year 2025 iii. Reduction in Prevalence of Tobacco Use in Pakistan Ministry of National Health Services Regulations & Coordination has initiated a strategy in January, 2019 to enhance efforts to reduce the prevalence of tobacco use in any form in the country by urging all tobacco manufacturers to print new Pictorial Health Warning (PHW) on cigarette packs and outers. The size of new warning has been increased from 50 percent to 60 percent and it will be printed on both sides of the cigarette packs and outers. The government is also committed to fulfill its international commitment by taking demand and supply reduction measures. Tobacco use is a cause of death of around 160,100 Pakistan every year. Around 24 million adults currently use tobacco in any form in Pakistan. The youth of Pakistan is being targeted with this strategy of implementing Pictorial Health Warning. 175
208. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 iv . Deworm Islamabad Initiative The government has conducted a pilot project “Deworm Islamabad Initiative” at Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT) level in 2018-19. The policy and institutional framework was developed in August 2018 that put forth milestone for the mass deworming in Islamabad Capital Territory. The WHO classifies Pakistan amongst top-10 highest burden countries for intestinal worm infections. These infections results from poor sanitation and hygiene conditions, and tend to have highest prevalence in children of school-going age. Worm infections interfere with nutrient uptake and can lead to anemia, malnourishment and impaired mental and physical development and pose a serious threat to children’s health, education, and productivity. To provide the government with comprehensive intestinal worm infections data, the first nationwide Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH) survey in Pakistan was conducted by the Interactive Research & Development (IRD), Indus Health Network (IHN) and Evidence Action with the support from Ministry of National Health Services Regulations & Coordination, World Health Organization and provincial health and education departments. Table 11.5: Deworm Islamabad Initiative Province/Region # of districts identified with areas ≥ 20% prevalence Punjab 5 Sindh 6 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 19 Balochistan 1 Islamabad 1 Gilgit Baltistan 4 AJK 4 Grand Total 40 Source: Ministry of Planning, Development & Reform(Health Section) Total school-age children (SAC; 5-15 years old) population in at-risk districts 3,650,484 4,590,735 6,835,279 164,248 573,880 221,364 593,164 16,629,154 With the baseline established, the government utilized the opportunity to launch targeted deworming programs in at-risk areas. Utilizing WHO’s drug donation program, Ministry of National Health Services, Regulation & Coordination ordered deworming tablets for over 16 million at-risk children in Pakistan and thus, through concerted efforts of ministries and departments, Islamabad Capital Territory became the first at-risk district in Pakistan to launch mass school-based deworming, targeting approximately 253,000 school-age children in January 2019. To achieve this, Ministry of Planning Development & Reform took a lead in establishing a Multi-Stakeholder Committee for program over-sight and strategic leadership with support from Ministries of Federal Education & Professional Training and Ministry of National Health Services, Regulation & Coordination, Chief Commissioner’s Office and CDA/MCI. The objective is to achieve the goal of reducing morbidity caused by worm infection, and to treat at least 75 percent of the school-age population in ICT. The national Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH) prevalence survey indicates that an estimated 570,000 children aged 5-15 years in ICT are at risk for STH infection and stand to benefitted from a mass deworming program, regardless of whether they attend public schools, private schools, religious schools, or are not enrolled in school. v. Health Planning, System Strengthening and Information Analysis Unit Since April 2016, the Ministry of National Health Services, Regulations and Coordination (NHSR&C) established the Health Planning, System Strengthening and Information Analysis Unit (HPSIU) to serve as a sustained, fundamental and purposeful strategic, monitoring and technical advisory arm of the Ministry for the development and reforms of the health sector in Pakistan. 176
209. Health and Nutrition Key Programmatic achievements of HPSIU are as follows :  Implementation on the specific strategic priorities of the National Health Vision of Pakistan (2016-25), along with development of its monitoring framework  Linkages of different MIS with National Dashboard; functions of National Health Information Resource Centre (NHIRC) reverted to Ministry of NHSR&C  Online DHIS introduced in AJK, GB and FATA  Localization of SDG3, with support of WHO and Health Services Academy o National Consultation of SDG localization – Dec 2017 (National SDG3 drafted) o Provincial and Area level consultations completed in 2018 with province/area specific SDG3 baselines and targets o A mobile and web-based application developed to monitor health related SDGs in Pakistan and linked with National Dashboard  MOU with International Health Matrix Evaluation signed with support of WHO to build national and provincial level capacity on Burden of Disease study in the country  Drafted Health in All Policies (HIAP) assessment & framework with support of WHO and Social Development and Policy Institute  Capacity building of national and provincial staff completed on Global Fund against Aids-TBMalaria (GFATM) grant management/ financial management rules  Development of tools for annual review of health system in context of Aids- TB-Malaria (ATM) Programs iv. National Nutrition Program The Nutrition Wing that was established in 2001, has been playing a major role in targeting malnutrition in the country through development of policies, strategies, guidelines and standards for nutrition and fortification, building provincial capacity, oversight, monitoring and evaluation of program implementation in the provinces as well research and evidence generation for policy review and planning. Some of the activities carried out during the current fiscal year of 2018-19 are as follows:  Government of Punjab has launched its own stunting prevention program in 11 districts of South Punjab during 2018  Government of Sindh has also included stunting prevention in it and scaled up action plan for targeting malnutrition, launched during 2019  To tackle the serious situation of Acute Malnutrition, Community Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) Program was initiated in Pakistan with the support of different UN agencies including UNICEF, WHO and World Food Program (WFP) in districts with higher burden of disease in all the four provinces and AJK after the floods and other calamities since 2010  Currently (first half of 2019), the Nutrition Wing is working to revise the national and provincial Laws and Rules for promotion and protection of breast feeding as per the guidelines and directions recommended by World Health Assembly (WHA) in 2016. The process is in final stages and revised laws would be submitted to the parliaments for approval  National vitamin A Guidelines were formulated and launched in 2018. In addition, the exemption on the import of Vitamin A for a period of three years was approved in 2017, and has been continued during 2018-19  Wheat Flour Fortification with Iron, Zinc, Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid. One project is being implemented in AJ&K while another large scale food fortification project has been launched 177
210. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 which would cover the entire country during next 3 years  Provincial Fortification Strategy for Punjab was launched in 2018 while strategies for the remaining provinces are in final stages.  National Fortification Alliance planned a serious and systematic effort and successfully received exemption from Customs Duty and Sales Tax on the import of Micro-nutrient premixes for the food fortification.  Nutrition Wing with the support of partners is working on developing the guidelines and protocols for adolescent nutrition in Pakistan  Under the leadership of Nutrition Wing of MoNHSR&C and with the support of the partners, landscape Analysis of Adolescent Nutrition in Pakistan was launched in 2018 under the title, “Embodying the future- How to Improve the Nutrition Status of the Adolescent Girls in Pakistan.  After that two important studies on adolescent nutrition were carried out. These were “Review of evidence on the nutritional status of adolescent girls and boys in Pakistan” and “Framework for Action, Policies and Programs for Adolescent Nutrition” These studies were finalized in 2018 and launched in 2019  “The Guidelines on Adolescent Nutrition and Supplementation in Pakistan” are also under final review and would be finalized in the next couple of months  Formulation of “National Strategy on Adolescent Nutrition with Provincial Action Plans” has also been initiated. v. National TB control Program (NTP) Pakistan has the fifth highest burden of tuberculosis worldwide and is among the high multidrugresistant tuberculosis burden countries. The prevalence, incidence and mortality per 100,000 populations per year from TB in Pakistan are 348, 276 and 34, respectively. The government has declared tuberculosis a national emergency, and implemented the directly observed treatment, shortcourse strategy followed by the Stop TB Strategy, which includes universal access to quality tuberculosis care in the country. National TB Control Program (NTP) has achieved over 85 percent Directly Observed Treatment System (DOTS) coverage in public sector and in the last five years the program has provided care to more than half a million TB patients in Pakistan. Steps taken for the control of TB Country wide network of around 1,400 TB care facilities are providing free TB diagnostic and treatment services. More than 3,500 GPs, 125 NGO networks, 35 private hospitals and 45 parastatal hospitals & 2000 pharmacies have been engaged & trained. There are 200 facilities (TCH, DHQ, THQ) for childhood TB. vi. International Health Regulations Pakistan has been a signatory to the IHR convention since 2007 with National Institute of Health (NIH) being the designated focal point since 2014. Pakistan’s subsequent efforts culminated in the development of a casted 5-year National Action Plan (NAP). Health Sector Projects Several programs and projects in a row to strengthen the physical condition and wellbeing of the people and to decrease the disease load in rural and urban areas for which funding was given by the federal government. These programs projects are being funded through the PSDP and implemented by the provincial and area governments. The details are as under; i. Devolved Vertical Health Program The fate of funding modalities of vertical programs has been changed as health is a devolved subject 178
211. Health and Nutrition since the promulgation of 18th Constitutional Amendments . As per decision of CDWP, concurred by ECNEC as well, the federal funding to the vertical programs financed through PSDP seized to carry on 30th June, 2018. Henceforth, the economic burden of the vertical health programs will be dealt with respective provincial / area government’s development budget unless it is decided otherwise by the Council of Common Interest (CCI). ii. Prime Minister’s National Health Insurance Program Prime Minister's National Health Program (PMNHP) is a milestone towards reaching the goal of attaining Universal Health Coverage through recently introduced healthcare financing system ensuring access to medical health care in aswiftand dignified manner without any financial obligations. The government is all set to expand PMNHP all over the country till 2022, to provide social health protection against most of chronic and debilitating diseases / health conditions to all families living below the poverty line of US$ 2 per day. The PMNHP envisaged to reach-out under the second phase, to 14 million families across the country and costing Rs. 33.63 billion. The program would be expanded across the country within five years, which has started from January 1, 2018, and would be completed by December 31, 2022. The project with a total cost of approximately Rs. 8 billion, is already under implementation in 36 districts nationwide. iii. Family Planning and Primary Health Care (FP&PHC) The Family Planning and Primary Health Care (FP & PHC) Program so far has recruited more than 100,000 Lady Health Workers (LHWs). LHWs services encompass the health conditions of women and children through improved sanitation, birth spacing, iron supplementation, larger vaccination coverage and through ante-natal and post-natal coverage of the pregnant women. The concerned governments of respective provinces/ area are in the process of rationalization of salary packages of the staff under this program through regularization of services in compliance to the orders of the Honourable Supreme Court of Pakistan. Overarching problems of governance and monitoring still requires immediate consideration at the regional and sub regional levels. iv. Expanded Program for Immunization Expanded Program for Immunization (EPI) Program provides immunization to children against the seven vaccine-preventable diseases under one year of age i.e. childhood tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, pertussis, neonatal tetanus, measles and hepatitis B. New vaccines like penta-valent vaccine have been introduced with the help of United Nations Children Fund’s (UNICEF). EPI Program envisaged protecting 07 million children of 0-23 months against 10 deadly vaccine preventable diseases and about 07 million pregnant and child bearing aged women, their neonates will be immunized against tetanus toxoid vaccine respectively. Although after devolution, this has become largely the responsibility of the provincial/area governments, Federal EPI cell currently took the responsibility of the procurements, coordination and technical guidance, whereas, provincial EPI cells are largely responsible for implementation of the program. The recent achievements of the program are formulation of National Immunization Policy and National Communication Strategy for routine immunization endorsed and approved by provinces and stakeholders, Development of Effective Vaccine Management Improvement Plan and its implementation, Improvement in Vaccine Logistic Management Information System (VLMIS) and formulation of Multi-Donor Trust Fund (MTDF) with the support of World Bank along with other financial partners such as World Health Organization (WHO) and Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA). Still the issues of routine immunization in the out reached areas of erstwhile Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) and Balochistan needs consideration. The recently conducted National Measles campaign has shown remarkable coverage of Measles Supplemental Immunization Activities (SIAs) recorded through Management Information System (MIS) which was 98 percent. The maximum coverage reported in GB (103 percent) while the minimum was reported from erstwhile FATA (96 percent). 179
212. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 The Measles SIA coverage reported from Sindh (102 percent), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (100 percent), Balochistan (96 percent), AJK (99 percent), Islamabad (97 percent) respectively as shown in figure: Figure No. 11.4. National Measles SIA, Admin Coverage and RCA Coverage Courtesy Admin Coverage 105% 103% 102% 100% 99% 100% 96% 95% 98% 97% 96% 96% 97% 98% 93% RCA Coverage 91% 90% 90% 92% 90% 91% 87% 85% 80% 75% Punjab Sindh Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Balochistan AJK Gilgit Baltistan Islamabad FATA National Root Cause Analysis (RCA) for a total of 1.5 million households revealed national coverage of 92 percent ranging between 87 percent to 98.1 percent for provinces and areas. During the campaign, 199,398 children missed vaccination. The highest number of missed children was reported from Balochistan (53,501) and lowest from AJK (109) while Gilgit Baltistan reported 100 percent coverage. The government has extended two supplementary days to catch up missed children. The overall wastage rate remained 9.95 percent with maximum wastage rate reported from Balochistan (15.51 percent) while the minimum wastage was reported from Punjab (8.92 percent). According to the independent assessment the coverage results lies around 94.5 percent. v. Polio Eradication Initiative Program Pakistan has made important progress towards eradications polio in the country. Case numbers are at the lowest and the immunity gaps continued to decline. However, in high-risk areas of the country, unvaccinated children remain vulnerable. An array of approaches and tools are being used to bring Pakistan to the finishing line, including tailoring vaccination approaches to children in high-risk mobile populations, emergency operations centers to coordinate the program effectively and a National Emergency Action Plan with a strong accountability framework, improved surveillance, fewer unvaccinated children and fewer strains of the virus. Pakistan has a real opportunity to end transmission this year, but it must remain focused on reaching children in high-risk areas of the country, increase and enhance surveillance quality, and conduct high-quality campaigns to close immunity gaps. Also critical to success will be Fig-11.5: Polio Cases in Pakistan working together with Afghanistan in fighting the virus. The remaining strongholds of wild 350 poliovirus transmission are in areas linking the 307 300 two countries, and country programs are jointly 250 focused on improving the quality of 200 198 immunization activities and surveillance in these areas. 150 According to Planning and Development Division, during 2019-2021 Pakistan will invest US $ 347.22 million (PKR 46.8 billion) for polio eradication activities. Vaccine procurement and social mobilization is undertaken by UNICEF while WHO incurs expenditures on operational 180 100 93 58 50 54 20 12 8 9 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Source: End Polio Pakistan (www.endpolio.com.pk) 2019
213. Health and Nutrition activities and environmental surveillance . 2nd Revision of the PC-I has been in principle approved in the CDWP meeting dated 03-01-2019. Through polio eradication efforts, a substantial investment has been made in strengthening health service delivery systems in Pakistan. Thousands of health workers have been trained, hundreds of volunteers have been mobilized to support immunization campaigns, and cold-chain transport equipment has been refurbished. Consequently, Polio incidence has almost been eradicated in Pakistan. It is evident that during calendar year 2011 there were total 198 polio cases that were reduced to 12 in 2018 and during first quarter of 2019, 02 cases in Punjab, 01 case in Sindh, 03 cases in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and 3 cases in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Tribal District( KPTD) are observed. The detail is given in the following Table; Table 11.6: Provinces Wise Polio Cases Province 2011 2012 2013 Punjab 9 2 7 Sindh 33 4 10 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23 27 11 KPTD 59 20 65 Balochistan 73 4 0 Gilgit-baltistan 1 1 0 Azad jammu&kashmir 0 0 0 Total 198 58 93 Source: End Polio Pakistan (www.endpolio.com.pk) 2014 5 30 68 179 25 0 0 306 2015 2 12 17 16 7 0 0 54 2016 0 8 8 2 2 0 0 20 2017 1 2 1 0 3 1 0 8 2018 0 1 2 6 3 0 0 12 2019 2 1 3 3 0 0 0 9 vi. Safe Blood Transfusion Services Program The government recognizes the significance of the preventive aspect in healthcare especially the pivotal role of strengthening healthcare services with backup support of provision of adequate and highest quality of safe blood transfusion services system in the country. The government appreciated the support provided by the German government through KFW Development Bank to create the new blood transfusion system in Pakistan and assured to take bilateral collaboration between Pakistan and German governments to sustain the successful continuation in improving health sector reforms agenda. Safe Blood Transfusion Services in Islamabad Capital Territory is one of the proposed project out of overall several ongoing projects of similar nature in all four provinces of the country. The establishment of streamlines service delivery in Safe Blood Transfusion Services has been strengthened by granting licenses to 18 public and private sector blood banks so far. The Islamabad Blood Transfusion Authority (IBTA) has been revived recently which has developed a very successful model of regulation based on constructive non-punitive approach. As a result now all the blood banks in Islamabad have all essential required equipment and trend of automation is increasing, all blood collected is processed into three blood components, there is 100 percent automated screening for Hepatitis B, C and HIV, automated cross-matching is performed in the larger blood banks and the documentation standards have improved considerably. vii. Malaria Control Program Malaria control has always been a main concern being a moderate malaria endemic country. The program targets to reduce the malaria burden by 60 percent in high and moderate endemic districts/agencies and eliminate malaria in low endemic districts by year 2018-19. The two highly prevalent parasitic species identified so far are Plasmodium Vivax and Plasmodium Falciparum. Plasmodium Vivax is the major parasite species account for more than 80 percent reported confirmed cases in the country. More than 90 percent of disease burden in the country is shared by 181
214. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 56 highly endemic districts , mostly located in Balochistan (17 out of 32 districts), erstwhile FATA (7 agencies), Sindh (12 districts) and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (12 districts). Erstwhile FATA is the second highest malaria affected belt of the country which accounts for 12-15 percent of the total case load of the country. National strategy for Malaria Control is based on the key Result Based Monitoring (RBM) element which includes early diagnosis and prompt treatment, improved detection and response to epidemics, developing viable partnerships with national and international partners, multiple prevention, focused operational research and National commitment. National Guidelines for Prevention of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is developed along with 5-Year Plan of Action (PoA/PC-I 2017-2022) for the control of Vector Borne Diseases (VBDs) in Pakistan. Moreover, following facilities are provided during FY2019; a) Successful implementation of The Global Fund-Single Streamline Funding (SSF) Round-10 grant worth US$ 30.2 million b) Secured Worth US$ 52 million to implement the Malaria Control interventions in 48 endemic districts of Pakistan c) Securing US$ 42.0. million for malaria control intervention under New funding Request 20182020 d) Approval of PC-I for "Common Unit to Manage Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM) Grant 2016-2018 costing Rs.169.148 million e) Distribution of 3.1 million free of cost Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) in target districts of Pakistan during 2018 and plan to distribute same number of LLINs during 2019. i. Approximately 1.1 million houses registration using mobile apps. Onsite Data Kit (ODK) for distribution of LLINs during 2018 ii. Distribution of free of cost 50,000 Glucan time Injection through the support of WHO for treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) in Pakistan iii. 1.1 million rapid diagnostic tests utilized to diagnose the suspected malaria cases iv. 65,230 Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies (ACTs) for confirmed Plasmodium Falciparum variant of malaria cases. viii. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Control Program Pakistan to a large degree has controlled to remain comparatively protected from the increase in AIDS cases to date. It is known as a low-prevalence, high-risk country for the spread of HIV infection. HIV / AIDS Program aims for the Behavior Change Communication (BCC), services to high-risk population groups, treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and supply of safe blood for transfusions and capacity building of various stakeholders. Pakistan’s epidemic is primarily concentrated among two of the key population groups driving the epidemic in the country. These are two groups who are driving the epidemic of AIDS in the country. These are Patient Who Inject Drugs (PWID) with a national prevalence of 27.2 percent (weighted prevalence of 37.8 percent); Hijrha (Transgender) Sex Worker (HSW) standing at 5.2 percent and 1.6 percent among Male Sex Worker (MSW). However, the prevalence in Female Sex Workers still remains low at 0.6 percent. The program is technically supported by the UN agencies and Global Fund against AIDS, TB and Malaria. The National AIDS Control Program as Principal Recipient of the Global Fund grant provided HIV treatment, care and support services to people living with HIV and their family members. In the New Funding Model (NFM) grant, National AIDS Control Program (NACP) managed 21 Community Home based Care Sites (CHBC) which provided care and support services to people living with HIV 182
215. Health and Nutrition as well as their family members in the form of psycho-social support , empowerment/ toolkit support, food and nutrition support, school fee and package support, travel support as well as emergency medical care support. Another salient feature of the Community and Home Based Care (CHBC) model was its outreach and active case identification followed by linkages to respective ART centres for further case management. HIV treatment centres provide free of cost diagnostics and HIV treatment to people living with HIV. The major achievements of the national AIDS Control Program NACP in the year 2018-19 are as under;  NACP provided antiretroviral medicines (ARVs) treatment, screening kits and medicines for opportunistic infections. In addition to provision of counseling services to individual spouse and family and group counseling. In-patient treatment facility through the established 26 treatment centers for People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) centers in Federal area and Provinces  As of 31st December 2018, 22,333 People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) were registered in all the treatment centers and 12,046 PLHIV are on treatment  HIV diagnostics through National Referral Laboratory, National AIDS Control Program  Provision of CD4 machines for Punjab, Balochistan, Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa  Approval of Global Fund grant for Pakistan of US $ 34.9 million for the period 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2020. ix. Maternal & Child Health Program Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Program was initiated to improve women's and children's health conditions through better service delivery and supported health systems. Mother and Child healthcare is one of the most important concerns of Public health sector. The program aspires to provide better access to Mother and Child health and Family Planning services with provision of comprehensive Emergency Obstetric and Neonatal Care (EmONC) services in 275 hospitals/health facilities, provision of basic EmONC services in 550 health facilities and family planning services in all health outlets. Pakistan has shown improvement in the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) of 62 per thousand from 66 per thousand in 2015, but maternal mortality rate 170/100000 is still very high as compared to the other countries in the region. More efficient implementation of this scheme can bring these indicators in a range with better health status of mothers and children. x. Prime Minister’s Program for Prevention and Control of Hepatitis: The program envisioned meeting the challenges caused by the elevated incidence of viral hepatitis in the nation. The program was launched to bear treatment of hepatitis B and C for patients who are unable to meet the expense of the treatment due to high cost of medicines and diagnostics along with promoting preventive interventions. The program also intends to decrease more than half of new cases of hepatitis B and C through advocacy and behavior change communication, hepatitis B vaccination of high risk groups, establishment of screening, diagnosis and treatment facilities in DHQ hospitals, Safe Blood Transfusion and prevention of hepatitis A and E. Safe Blood Transfusion project will bring down the incidence of hepatitis in the country. Provincial Achievements in Health Sector a) Government of Punjab i. Improved Health Spending Government of Punjab has aggressively working on strengthening the primary and secondary level of healthcare. The priority of the Government of Punjab has moved to the strengthening preventive and promotive pillars of primary health care to improve the healthcare service delivery. There is a drastic surge of health budget on strengthening of primary and secondary healthcare which is increased by 81 percent i.e. from Rs. 62 billion in 2015-16 to Rs. 112 billion in 2018-19. 183
216. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 ii . Launch of Health Insurance Scheme (Sehat Sahulat Cards) The Government of Punjab is focusing to outreach marginalized segment of the society who are not able to meet expensive healthcare services from the private sector. The government envisaged benefiting 30 million people and 3.7 million families from launch of health insurance scheme the “Sehat Sahulat Cards”. The launch of sehat sahulat cards in January 2019, envisaged distributing the cards among 50 percent population of the province in its initial phase. By the end of March 2019, 0.8 million cards will be distributed in four districts of the province. The government will complete the distribution of cards across the province by the end of year 2019. By that time, 7.2 million ‘Sehat Sahulat Cards’ will be provided to 35 million individuals of Punjab. Through sehat sahulat card scheme the cardholders are entitled to free medical treatment worth Rs. 720,000. Moreover, patients are also provided an additional Rs.1000 through the card so that they can travel to the hospital. iii. Strengthening Healthcare Infrastructure Government of Punjab has recently recruited doctors through public service commission and deployed 2,717 women medical officers across Punjab and 3,620 male medical officers. The government has also improved the physical infrastructure of healthcare services by revamping nine districts and tehsils hospitals including hospitals of Okara, NankaSahab, Shekhupura, Kasur, Hafizabad, Narowal, Jhelum, Kamonki and Daska. b) Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa i. Improvement of Health Insurance Scheme (Sehat Insaf Cards) The Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has improved the health insurance scheme “sehat sahulat cards” by increasing service delivery of health insurance scheme to 2.4 million households with provision of free treatment to 70 percent of the population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government granted empanelment to 106 public and private hospitals through health insurance scheme and about Rs. 2.64 billion spent so far for free treatment through this scheme. ii. Strengthening Healthcare Infrastructure The Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has improved healthcare service delivery by increasing number of healthcare service providers. The provincial government increased recruitment many folds as compared to existing situation in 2013. Recently, during the 2018-19 the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Government recruited 8,801 medical officers that is 142 percent more than it was in 2013. 931 doctors in District specialist cadre has been recruited in 2018 which is increased by 232 percent of 2013. 488 Managers about 50 percent increase and 397 Dental surgeons about 56 percent have been recruited in 2018. c) Government of Balochistan The health sector of Government of Balochistan is struggling to provide adequate healthcare services due to shortage of healthcare service providers who prefer to work in provincial capital Quetta and unwilling to stay in rural areas which has largely affected health status of rural population. The provincial health department has made robust arrangements to address this issue and developed Health Sector Strategy (2013-2018) which is ongoing in its last phase of implementation. Recently, in August 2018, the newly established provincial government decided to take strategic initiatives to address the challenges of healthcare service delivery, quality of care, lack of skilled health workforce and to ensure adequate health coverage for the poor and vulnerable population in the province. d) Government of Sindh The Government of Sindh has allocated Rs 96.38 billion for health sector in the budget for financial year 2018-19. The government has allocated Rs. 12.50 billion for 2018-19 for development of health sector. It envisaged new schemes of health sector under the provision of Rs 50 billion earmarked 184
217. Health and Nutrition separately as block allocation in ADP 2018-19 . Sindh Government has completed 68 new uplift schemes of Rs 5.12 billion, including RHCs, Trauma-cum-Emergency Centres and construction of warehouses at all divisional head quarters for cold storage facility; four schemes of up-gradation of RHC, to THQ Hospitals and establishment of Cancer Ward at Nuclear Institute of Medicine & Radiotherapy (NIMRA), Jamshoro at the cost of Rs 1.086 billion. Nutrition Security Global Nutrition Report (GNR) 2018 revealed unacceptably high level of malnutrition and every country is affected in one way or the other. More than half of the world’s wasted children (26.9 million) live in South Asia and of the three countries are home to almost half (47.2 percent) of all stunted children, two are in Asia i.e. 46.6 million in India, 10.7 million in Pakistan and one in West Africa i.e. 13.9 million in Nigeria. The loss to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Pakistan is due to malnutrition which is estimated at 3 percent annually. Improving nutrition can have a powerful and positive multiplier effect across multiple aspects of development, including poverty, environmental sustainability, peace and stability. The government has shown its commitment to overcome vicious cycle of malnutrition and has pin-pointed stunting as the major setback in the development of the nation. Pakistan Multi-sectoral Nutrition Strategy (PMNS) has been formulated following the bottom up approach to fill gaps in planning and implementation. Nutrition and Food Consumption I. Food Availability: Pakistan produces enough food to meet the domestic dietary needs of the population. During 2018-19, the availability of staple food items has been estimated as adequate because of appropriate timely import and exports but slightly varied compared to previous year 2017-18 (Table 11.8). The availability of calories through major food commodities was 2480 in 2017-18 and is estimated to improve to 2530 calories in 2018-19 (Figure 11.7) Table 11.7: Food Availability(Kg) Per Capita per Annum 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Food Items Cereals 155.1 150.6 148.0 Pulses 5.2 8.1 5.3 Sugar 32.2 33.3 28.2 Milk* (Ltr) 163.3 165.0 167.6 Meat (Beef, Mutton & Poultry) 19.8 20.4 21.0 Eggs (Dozen) 6.5 7.2 7.0 Edible Oil/Ghee (Ltr) 14.3 14.1 15.2 P: provisional * Milk availability has been revised according to FAO criteria Source: Ministry of Planning, Development & Reform(Nutrition Section) 185 Fig 11.6: Availability of Calories per Capita per Day 2540 2530 2530 2520 2510 Calories Cost of Food Basket: The cost of minimum food basket providing 2,100 calories/ day and 60 gm protein/ day, has been calculated on monthly basis, using food prices data from Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. The food expenditure was Rs. 2,235 in the month of July, 2018 which increased during August–October up to Rs. 2,273 and then decreased to Rs. 2,206 in December 2018. Thereafter, food cost sharply increased to Rs 2,330 by the month of March 2019. However, the average cost remained Rs. 2,259 per person per month during the period from July 2018 to March, 2018-19 (P) 150.0 6.0 28.8 165.7 21.1 7.0 15.0 2500 2485 2490 2480 2480 2473 2470 2460 2450 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
218. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 2019 (Figure 2) which was almost the same during the previous year. Fig 11.7: Cost of Food Basket (Rs.) per capita / month 2340 2320 Cost (Rs.) 2300 2280 2260 2240 2220 2200 2018-19 July 2235 August 2272 September 2262 October 2273 November December 2246 2206 January 2215 February 2292 March 2330 Cancer Treatment Program: Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) has given high priority to application of nuclear technology in health sector especially utilizing radiotherapy in treatment of cancer. Non communicable diseases are responsible for majority of global deaths and cancer is ranked second leading cause of death and single most important barrier to increasing life expectancy worldwide. Since the establishment of first nuclear medical center of PAEC in 1960 at Karachi, currently there are 18 Atomic Energy Cancer Hospital (AECHs) dedicated to serving poor cancer patients not only in major cities but also in remote areas like D.I Khan, Bannu, Swat, Nawabshah etc. They are diligently working to provide latest and comprehensive diagnostic and treatment facilities to cancer patients irrespective of stage of disease. AECHs are operated by skilled teams of more than 2,500 professionals, including doctors, scientists, engineers, paramedical, technical and other supportive staff. Construction of another AECH is underway at Gilgit which will be opened in next fiscal year while proposal for establishment of another two such centers are under consideration. Nuclear Medicine & Oncology (NM&O) Division Economic impact of cancer is significant and, on the rise, due increasing cancer burden. In Pakistan, there is no international standard cancer registry that can project cancer burden of country and in turn give insight to health sector to devise clear policy for cancer control and prevention. Since PAEC is catering major cancer burden of the country which is estimated to be around 75 percent of total cancer patients countrywide. NM&O Division of PAEC is working on establishing cancer registry representing data from all 18 AECHs. Achievements: In addition to management of patients, following targets have been achieved in current fiscal year: i. ii. iii. iv. Installation of new LINAC has been completed at AECH IRNUM, Peshawar for radiotherapy MRI based simulation for radiation therapy has been started for the first time in Pakistan at AECH INMOL, Lahore. While SPECT-CT has also been installed Up-gradation of AECH MINAR has been completed that include extensive civil work, purchase of Linac, SPECT-CT and Dual head SPECT CT simulator and LINAC has been purchased for AECH BINO, Bahawalpur 186
219. Health and Nutrition v . LINAC and Cobalt 60 in new bunkers has been installed at AECH CENAR, Quetta, dual head gamma camera has been purchased and functional while construction of residential blocks is almost complete vi. SPECT-CT for AECH CENUM, Lahore and NORI Islamabad has been purchased. vii. LINAC for AECH KIRAN, Karachi has been installed while purchase process for PET-CT is almost complete viii. Research work continued on various IAEA TC/RCA Project and others in collaboration with different international/national organizations ix. Provision of teaching and training facilities to about 500 post graduate medical students/fellows in fields of nuclear medicine, radiation & medical oncology, radiology and medical physics x. Launching of cancer awareness and prevention/control campaign especially breast cancer awareness for early diagnosis and treatment leading to improved prognosis through arranging lectures, seminars and workshops in remote areas and mobile breast care clinics for screening Special Projects: PAEC, in order to provide better treatment facilities to the patients, continued working on the following projects: i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) vii) viii) ix) Establishment of cancer hospital in Gilgit Baltistan for which civil work, construction and purchase of equipment is under way Table 11.8: Drug supply reduction activities Establishment of cancer hospital in Azad S.No. Kind of narcotics Qty of Drugs Seized Jammu and Kashmir for which land has been 1 Cases registered 982 acquired 2 Persons arrested 1128 Establishment of cancer hospital in Mardan 3 Opium 6319.640 Kgs for which land has been acquired 4 Morphine 3425.500 Kgs 5 Heroin 620.879 Kgs Preparation for publication of first cancer 6 Hashish 36780.810 Kgs registry based on data of all AECH for 7 Cocaine 6.242 Kgs period 2015-17 8 Amphetamine 125.842 Kgs Indoor ward facility is being constructed at 9 Methamphetamine 90.262 Kgs 10 Ecstasy tablets 3.353 Kgs AECH NIMRA, Jamshoro 11 Xanax tabs 18.441 Kgs Cobalt 60 machine for radiotherapy is being 12 Nitrazepam tabs 0.012 Kgs purchased for AECH LINAR, Larkana 13 Valium tabs 0.863 Kgs Construction is under way for installation of 14 Rivotril tabs 0.036 Kgs 15 Alprazolam tabs 0.037 Kgs new LINAC at AECH INOR, Abottabad 16 Ampules intoxicant 8.000 Kgs Up-gradation of AECH GINUM, 17 Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) 16886.000 Lits Gujranwala that includes addition of 18 Hydrochloric acid (HCI) 2135.000 Lits radiotherapy facilities is under way for 19 Acetone 1287.000 Lits which construction and civil work is almost 20 Toluene 44.000 Lits 21 Ephedrine 80.000 Lits complete 22 Potassium permanganate 4850.000 Lits Up-gradation of AECH NORI, Islamabad 23 Poppy straw 9.000 Kgs that include- LINAC, Cyber Knife and PET 24 Liquor 12.000 Lits CT block for which civil work and 25 Canabis/ marijuana 3.100 Kgs construction of bunkers is under way while Source: Narcotics Control Division SPECT CT has been purchased Narcotics Control Pakistan’s counter narcotics efforts revolve around the three main strategy pillars highlighted in the government’s Anti Narcotics Policy. These three pillars include Drug Supply Reduction, Drug 187
220. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Demand Reduction and International Cooperation . The alarming drug production in Afghanistan is the main factor influencing the drug situation not only in Pakistan but world over. Afghanistan is producing more than 90 percent of the total world opium and is the largest producer of cannabis, about 40 percent of Afghan opiates/ drugs transit through Pakistan (World Drug Report of UNODC). Being a transit country, Pakistan is subjected to domestic spread/ use of drugs, as well. The flow/ smuggling of precursor chemicals to Afghanistan also pose serious challenges to Pakistan. Owing to porous border, loose border management and presence of numerous frequented and un-frequented routes, huge quantity of drugs are smuggled/ proliferated into Pakistan from Afghanistan. Crossborder drug trafficking can hardly be stopped, no matter how large a force is employed, unless optimum border control measures are put in place. The two strategic issues of drug production and loose border management between both the countries are of prime importance for effective control of narcotics trafficking. Moreover, Pakistan extends all-out support to the international community in the fight against the menace of drugs. Anti-Narcotics Policy The Anti-Narcotics Policy of Pakistan aims to re-energize existing national Drug Law Enforcement institutions, build the Anti Narcotics Force capacity, develop an effective coordination and control mechanism, and mobilize the people of Pakistan especially youth and institutions (national/international, private/public) to ensure their active participation in eradicating drugs. This policy also seeks to promote international cooperation for mutual support and partnership against narcotic drugs. Drug Supply Reduction Activities The Anti Narcotic Force Department (ANF) has taken numerous initiatives to fight drug hazards, various narcotic seizures were made and punishments were awarded to culprits during the period July-Dec 2018. Details are given in the following Tables: Table 11.9: Detail of punishment awarded to culprits Total decided cases 771 Convicted cases 631 Acquitted cases 54 Dormant / final order 86 Convicted persons 728 Acquitted persons 135 Conviction rate 92% Source: Narcotics Control Division The details of the operations conducted and seizures affected are as under:Table 11.10: Details of the operations conducted and seizures affected Raids Arrests Narco Drug Seized (In Kgs) Opium Heroin Hashish Cocaine Others 982 1128 6319.640 620.879 36780.810 6.242 • 125.842 Kgs Amph • 90.262 Kgs Meth • 18.441 Kgs Xanax Tabs • 3.353 Kgs Ecstasy Tabs • 16886 lits Sulphuric Acid • 2135.00 lits HCL Source: Narcotics Control Division i) Areas around educational institutions are being monitored on regular basis to stop/counter sale of drugs to students by peddlers/suppliers ii) Launching of campaign/ crackdown against drug peddlers involving Police under IATF (Inter Agencies Task Force) forum iii) Intelligence network of ANF has been expanded inside main cities to locate and smugglers/peddlers 188 hunt drug
221. Health and Nutrition 1 . Awareness Activities Mass awareness about harms of drugs amongst students, teachers and various administrative staff is being created while delivering lectures, talks in the Schools, Colleges & Universities. Details of total lectures delivered province wise for the period from 1st July, 2018 to 31st March, 2019 is as under: Table 11.11: Awareness Activities Activity Balochistan Sindh Awareness Lecture 77 Source: Narcotics Control Division 2. Punjab 24 76 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 73 North Total 73 323 International Cooperation Illicit trafficking of narcotics and drug abuse is a global challenge. Pakistan is acting as a front-line state in combating the menace of drugs. The government has taken number of initiatives to control spread and trafficking of illicit narcotics. However, Pakistan cannot fight this menace alone therefore; international cooperation is important pillar of Pakistan’s strategy against drugs. Ministry of Narcotics Control has signed 34 MoUs with different countries. From July, 2018 to March, 2019, Ministry of Narcotics Control has issued 1193 NOCs for import, export, local purchase, utilization and distribution of various precursor chemicals to different pharmaceutical and industrial firms. Narcotics Control Division has registered 157 firms for various precursor chemicals mentioned in Tables-I and II of the UN Convention 1988. 177 Pharmaceutical firms have been granted quota for different Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substance. 3. Development Projects. Following development projects are being implemented by Ministry of Narcotics Control. Table 11.12: Development Projects S# Name of Projects Duration 1. 2. Acquisition of land and construction of ANF police station at Pasni. Construction of ANF police station at Sust 3. Construction of single men barrack at Korangi Karachi 10-10-2017 30-06-2020 10-10-2017 30-06-2020 10-10-2017 30-06-2019 to Estimated cost (Rs. million) 49.723 to 49.816 to 29.318 Source: Narcotics Control Division Conclusion Health sector of the country faces tough challenges and there is a dire need to enhance the budget allocation for health aggressively by federal and all provincial governments, especially development expenditure so that increased and better quality health facilities may be available across the country. The present government is committed to increase the health coverage for the growing demand of increasing population. A number of efforts are underway to provide health facilities, increasing health expenditure and to meet goals under SDGs like Sehat Sahulat Program, Civil Registration & Vital Statistics, Deworm Islamabad Insensitive etc and taking expenses at health as investment rather considering it cost. 189
222. BLANK PAGE
223. CHAPTER 12 Population , Labour Force and Employment The population growth rate at 2.4 percent as depicted by the census 2017 was alarming. There had been moderate efforts in the past to address this high population growth rate along with lack of awareness among couples to maintain a moderate family size. The Honorable Supreme Court of Pakistan, taking Family Planning as a human rights issue, took Suo Moto Notice on 4th July 2018 and constituted a Task Force to frame clear, specific and actionable recommendations to address matters relating to the alarming population growth. The Task Force, after a series of meetings, framed a set of recommendations aiming at enhancing contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) to 55 percent, lowering total fertility rate (TFR) to 2.1 and bringing down population growth rate to 1.5 percent. These recommendations were placed before the Supreme Court Bench and were thereafter approved with the following key points: 1. Establish national and provincial task forces for steering, providing oversight and taking critical decisions to reduce population growth, decrease fertility rate and increase contraceptive prevalence rate 2. Ensure universal access to Family Planning /Reproductive Health services 3. Federal government to create a five-year non-lapsable special fund for reducing population growth rate with an annual allocation of Rs10 billion. The fund shall be set up exclusively from federal resources without any cut from provincial funds 4. Introduce and implement legislation for population growth control 5. Advocate and communicate a national narrative of reducing population growth rate and achieve socio-economic wellbeing for all 6. Introduce curriculum on health, hygiene and population control in the primary, secondary schools, college and universities 7. Contraceptive commodity security 8. Joint declaration of Ulema made at Population Summit-2015, Islamabad to be widely advocated The Council of Common Interest (CCI) approved all the recommendations in principle and advised the Ministry of National Health Services Regulation and Coordination to prepare an Action Plan with financial modalities for operationalization of the recommendations in consultation with all relevant stakeholders. These recommendations would be implemented by the federal and provincial governments with active support from private sector, civil society organizations and international development partners. In pursuance to the direction / decision of CCI, the recommendations have been translated into an Action Plan, prepared in consultation with provincial governments, relevant and other implementing partners in the private sector. The Action Plan will enable advancing towards the national and provincial program objectives and targets. At the same time, it will help in assessing the extent of progress towards various international commitments such as Family Planning 2020, International
224. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) beyond 2014 and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda. National Level Task Force for Population and Family Planning The federal government formed a taskforce on Population and Family Planning on 4th December 2018. This taskforce is headed by the Prime Minister and has representation of Chief Ministers from four provinces. The main purpose of this task force is to devise Strategy/ Action Plan and its best implementation, to achieve the desired objectives and targets relating to population. On similar lines, the provincial governments have also formed their respective taskforces which are headed by their Chief Minister along with other stakeholders as their members. The purpose is to have highest level commitment from the provinces so that a coordinated strategy is developed to tackle the population issue. The Punjab and Sindh Provincial Taskforces were formed on 30th November 2018, and the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Provincial Taskforce was formed on 29th November 2018, while Baluchistan Taskforce formation is still in process. Deliberation and Discussion on forthcoming 12th Five Year Plan The federal government has initiated the process of developing 12th Five Year Plan for the period 2018-2023. After due thought process on the subject, following strategies have been agreed upon to be executed during the plan period:  Develop political ownership and strong governance mechanism to reduce the growth rate  Ensure Contraceptive Commodity Security and 100 percent coverage  Develop Functional Integration of Health and Population Welfare Departments  Reform high risk fertility behaviour and advocacy campaign  Partnership and Involvement of Development Partners and Private Sector  Instituting Research and Human Resource capacity building Table 12.1: Demographic Indicators Indicator Total population  Enhancing Female education, Labour Participation and Utilizing Demographic Dividend Demographic indicators Demographic statistics of a country plays an important role in making the plans and frame work for economic policies. The Table 12.1 shows the selected demographic indicators of Pakistan. 2018 212.82 Million (Approx.) Population growth rate 2.4% Contraceptive prevalence rate 34.2% Unmet need of family planning 17.3% Total fertility rate 3.6 Crude birth rate (per 1000) 25.2 Source: NIPS, Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017-18, Ministry of Planning, Development and Reform, Fig-1: Trends in Fertility by Residence 5.1 4.9 Total Fertility The term “total fertility rate” is used to describe the total number of children an average women in a population is likely to have, based on current birth rates throughout her life. Total fertility rates are closely linked to growth rates of the countries and are key indicators of the future population growth rate. The Figure-1 given below illustrates the trends in fertility in Pakistan. According to 192 4.5 Rural Urban Total 4.2 4.5 3.9 4.1 3.8 3.3 1990-91 2006-07 3.2 2012-13 Source: Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017-18 3.6 2.9 2017-18
225. Population , Labour Force and Employment Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2017-18 the total fertility rate has dropped from 3.8 percent in 2012-13 to 3.6 percent in 2017-18. The total fertility rate is higher in Pakistan as compare to other neighboring countries as shown in Fig-2. Iran and China has lowest fertility rate in region. Pakistan can learn several lessons from its neighboring countries. Religious leaders in Iran and Bangladesh fully support family planning as a social responsibility. These countries have established the link between women's education, empowerment and family planning usage. Allocation for Population Welfare Departments (2018-19) Fig-2: Total Fertility Rate 3.6 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 The Population Welfare Programs are being executed by the Population Welfare Source: World Bank Indicators Departments of the provinces and the federal government supports the provinces in allocating significant funding through Public Sector Development Programs (PSDP). An amount of Rs 510.919 million has been allocated for Population Welfare Program in Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Gilgit – Baltistan, AJK, and Merged Areas. Table-2: PSDP and Provincial ADP Allocation S. No Province 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Population Welfare Department, Punjab Population Welfare Department, Sindh Population Welfare Department, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Population Welfare Department, Balochistan Population Welfare Department, GB Population Welfare Department, AJK Population Welfare Department, Merged Areas (Ex-FATA) Total Source: Ministry of Planning, Development and Reforms PSDP Allocation 40.000 118.722 273.356 78.841 510.919 (Rs.Million) Provincial ADP Allocation 1000.000 400.000 149.000 50.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 1599.000 Service Delivery Centers 2018-19  Family Welfare Centers (FWCs) is one of the main service delivery networks of the program established in rural and urban areas for the provision of Mother Child Health Services (MCH), contraceptives and treatment of minor ailments. Presently, 4130 family welfare centers (FWC) are providing these facilities to the people.  Reproductive Health Services-A Centers (RHS-A) are hospital based units which provide infertility treatment with full range of family planning methods including contraceptive surgery services. These centers would also assist in public health education campaigns and awareness raising on personal hygiene etc. There are 271 RHS-A centers functioning throughout the country.  Mobile Service Units (MSU) provides reproductive health services and family planning services to villages through regular camping services. There are 303 MSU providing their services. 193
226. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19  Lady Health Workers (LHWs) go door to door for health issues like dengue, polio, measles, and other vaccinations for many other preventive health care problems. They are performing about 20 different duties but their focus on Family Planning and Reproductive Health (FP&RH) services is at minimum level. The Family Planning and Primary Health Care (FP &PHC) program so far has recruited more than 100,000 lady health workers (LHWs) 1 Family Welfare Centre (FWCs) 31 11 0 06 10 55 55 191 Total Punjab Sindh Khyber Pakhtunkhw a+ Merged Area AJ&K GB ICT Table-3: Service Delivery Centres (as on 29-04-2019) Sl.# Service Delivery Balochistan  Currently, 1678 Male Mobilzers and 600 Community Based Workers (Female) are promoting the objective of the family welfare programs and creating awareness among people. The physical progress under the Population Welfare Program (PWP) is shown in the Table below: 632+50 961 2100 4130 2 Reproductive Health-A Centers 03 15 11 31+04 3 Mobile Service Units (MSUs) 01 07 55 34+07 4 Male Mobilizers 19 120 112 22 5 Community Based Workers(Female) Source: Ministry of National Health Services, Regulations and Coordination 72 72 129 117 1350 600 271 303 1678 600 Gender and Women Development Women empowerment and gender equality is important on the agenda of the government. The long term national planning framework commits to pursuing women empowerment as a key priority area across all sectors of planning and development. It focuses on providing an enabling environment to every woman to develop their full potential to equally reap the benefits of economic and social development. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) also recognizes the importance of empowering women and Goal 5 is dedicated to “achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls”. The targets for this goal aspire to end all forms of discrimination, eliminate violence against women and girls in all its manifestations such as; ensure health and reproductive rights, ensure political, social and economic participation of women. The other targets are of particular importance for enabling women’s economic empowerment. Achievements The government is fully cognizant of its constitutional responsibilities for protecting the rights of the women. Many initiatives have been taken for gender and women development. The initiatives include allocation of resources in Public Sector Development Program for promotion and protection of women through Human Rights and development initiatives. However, the impact of socio-cultural attitudes on women’s lives sometimes undermines their progress and status in society. Federal Ombudsperson for Protection of Women against harassment at Workplace has been established and is functional at federal and provincial level. Help-Line (1099) for legal advice on human rights violation is operational and has provided legal aid services to more than 5000 beneficiaries of human rights violation cases till the present. Benazir Income Support Program (BISP), a continued social protection program of the government is providing social assistance to women. Pakistan Bait-ul-Mal has established women empowerment 194
227. Population , Labour Force and Employment centers/schools throughout the country including Azad Kashmir and Northern Areas. These schools are providing free training to widows, orphans and poor girls in different skills i.e. Drafting, Cutting, Sewing, Knitting, Hand & Machine Embroidery. Current strength of these schools is 155 (Punjab 64, Sindh - 30, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa/ Erst while FATA - 32, Balochistan -18 & ICT/AJK/ N. Areas -11). Local skills are also being imparted in these schools. Through Individual Financial Assistance (IFA) the poor, widows, destitute women, orphans and disabled persons are being supported through general assistance, education, medical treatment and rehabilitation. National Commission on the Status of Women The National Commission on the Status of Women is mandated by the NCSW Act 2012 to promote social, economic, political and legal rights of women as provided in the Constitution of Pakistan and in accordance with its international commitments. The NCSW has prepared a comprehensive roadmap defining goals, priorities and strategies for empowerment of women with special focus on issues of home based/informal sector workers and their inclusion in the labour force, affirmative actions for reservations of quotas in the government jobs including minority communities and initiatives for legislation. Violence against women is an important thematic area for NCSW. Its activities in this area include: i. Complaint mechanism to review and address complains of violence and abuse ii. Tracking of high profile cases: In order to identify gaps in access to justice NCSW tracks select high profile cases. Cases tracked in this period include: a. b. c. d. Domestic violence case Honour killing Cyber Crime Disclosing in public iii. Monitoring the implementation of Acid Crime (amended) Law and incidence of acid violence. Reported cases of acid crime are documented and followed up. By December, 2018 there has been a 50 percent decline in the incidence of acid crimes iv. NCSW pursued its petition in the Honorable Supreme Court of Pakistan for the banning of jirgas panchayats and other such forums that give convictions and penalties outside the framework of law. v. Follow up on Age of Marriage Bill: The Senate on 29th April, 2019 has passed the Child Marriage Restraint (Amendment) Bill, 2018 which proposes that the legal minimum age of marriage in the country be set at 18. The women entrepreneurship initiatives have been promoted by Ministry of Planning, Development & Reform and by ensuring their participation through awareness seminars / workshops, pitch events, seed money grants and networking sessions under the project “ Centre for Social Entrepreneurship “at a cost of Rs.178.43 million and Rs. 50.0 million has been allocated for FY 2018-19. The entrepreneurship initiatives included promotion of innovative business ideas based on social business plans leading to solution of social problems faced by the male and females in the society. The project is unique in addressing social issues through innovative business plans/ideas and women are equally provided opportunities to grow as a start up and entrepreneur and play their role as an active entrepreneur contributor in the society to address the social issues. The Centre has funded 9 social 195
228. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 start-ups by granting seed money grant of Rs . 500,000/- each out of which 33 percent were led by women and generated employment opportunities for 179 people during last two quarters of 2018-19. The federal and provincial governments, including NGOs and civil society organizations are implementing the plans, programs and projects for promoting gender equality and women empowerment through interventions comprised of awareness raising campaigns and allocation of resources under Annual Development Programs. The women development departments have envisaged initiatives for establishment of working women hostels, daycare centers for children of working mothers, women crises centers, guidelines & awareness on work place harassment and shelter homes for homeless people in the ICT and provinces. The helpline against human rights violations, crises centers in the ICT and Human Rights Directorate has been established in the provinces. Labour force and Employment Employment growth is a challenge for any developing, labour abundant economy. In the past the plans were designed to set growth targets but less priority was given to employment generation. The present government has taken special initiatives to fulfill its commitment to create 10 million jobs during its tenure. The other great initiative of the government is to construct 5 million houses which will substantially contribute to employment creation due to its forward and backward linkages with other allied industries. Strengthening of Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs), Tourism and labourintensive sectors will also be prioritized. Box-1: Kamyab Jawan (SME) program: In order to generate more job opportunities for the youth, the government has launched a new program – the Kamyab Jawan program. Under this program, the National Bank of Pakistan, Bank of Punjab and Bank of Khyber will provide low cost loans to the youth (between 21 – 45 years) for establishing small businesses enterprises. These loans will be classified into three tiers. Tier I: Loans between Rs 100,000 and 0.5 million, with a debt-equity ratio 90:10 at interest rate of 6 percent. The government will pay the difference between the applied interest rate and KIBOR + 500 bps. Tier II: Loans between Rs 0.5 and 10 million; with a debt equity ratio of 80:20 and carrying an interest rate of 8 percent. The government will pay the difference between the applied interest rate and KIBOR + 400 bps. Tier III: Loans between Rs 10 and 25 million; with a debt equity ratio defined by bank’s lending policy; and carrying an interest rate of 9 percent. The government will pay the difference between the applied interest rate and KIBOR + 400 bps. Over the next 5 years, it is estimated, that 138 thousand youth will benefit from Kamyab Jawan program, with banks disbursing a cumulative sum of Rs 200 billion. Source: Implementation and Economic Reform Unit Employment Generation under CPEC Program Huge inflow of US $60 billion investment under CPEC will generate massive economic activities and thereby employment opportunities. Apart from focusing on energy, infrastructure and Gwadar projects, 9 Special Economic Zones are being established under CPEC portfolio, which will create tremendous job opportunities and technological transformation. Priority will also be given to align technical institutions and training with CPEC related trades and demand of Special Economic Zones. The early harvest projects under China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) have created more than 75,000 direct jobs and 200,000 allied jobs for Pakistanis while the midterm and long projects under CPEC are poised to create more than 700,000 employment opportunities in the country. 196
229. Population , Labour Force and Employment Employable Skills through National Institute of Science and Technical Education (NISTE) The National Institute of Science and Technical Education (NISTE) is an attached department of the Ministry of Federal Education and Professional Training, which aims at transforming the unskilled/semi-skilled manpower into skilled manpower. NISTE is playing a pivotal role in imparting employable skills training to youth in various trades. In order to address the shortage of skilled human resource at all levels in the country, NISTE has been upgraded into a National Skills University (NSU), Islamabad. Skill Development Program The government has accorded high priority to skill development. Earlier, through an Act of the Parliament, the NAVTTC was created as an apex body and a national regulatory authority to address the challenges of TVET. The details of the initiatives are as follows:  Special emphasis has been laid on giving pivotal role to industry and private sector in TVET sector development. Three Sector Skill Councils (SSCs) have been established in the Construction, Hospitality and Textile sectors. National Skill Council (NSC) has been established to bring all the stakeholders on board. The concept of Institute Management Committees (IMCs) has been introduced for the first time in Pakistan at the TVET institute level, which gives greater representation to private sector in the management and training delivery in the TVET institutes.  Pakistan is now a member of the World-Skills which is the collective voice for skills excellence and development in vocational, technological and service oriented careers around the globe.  A large number of Pakistani youth acquires training through informal sector; known as the "Ustad-Shagird" system. In the absence of a formal certification for their skills, such youth do not get employment as skilled workers, in both national and international markets. To enhance employment prospects for such youth, a system “Recognition of Prior Learning” (RPL) has been launched as a tool to recognize/certify the skills acquired through informal/unregulated means.  To collect latest market data on skills demands in the national and international job markets and create real time linkages with prospective employers, National Skills Information System (NSIS) has been established with state of the art technologies.  For the first time in Pakistan, a National Job Portal has been introduced to link skilled workers with employers. Skill profiles of more than 550,000 youth are available on the National Job Portal. Additionally, NAVTTC has also established Job Placement Centres (JPCs) at Islamabad, Karachi and Lahore and more than 100 Job Placement and Vocational Counseling Centers (JP&VCCs) across the country for the benefit of youth.  Internationally recognized, Competency based training (CBT) modules have been introduced in the country to replace the traditional mode of training. With the introduction of CBT, Pakistan is now able to deliver training in accordance with the internationally demanded and recognized requirements. Labour Force Statistics According to Labour Force Survey, 2017-18, the unemployment rate has decreased to 5.79 percent in 2017-18. Overall crude participation rate has decreased from 32.27 percent in 2014-15 to 31.70 percent in 2017-18, showing 0.57 percent decrease. In 2017-18 total civilian labour force was 65.50 million consisting of 50.74 million males and 14.76 million females. Out of this 61.71 million (94.21 percent) are employed persons and remaining 3.79 million (5.79 percent) are unemployed persons, as shown in Table 12.4 below. 197
230. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Employment by Sector Table-12 .4: Indicators of Labour Force 2013-14 2014-15 2017-18 Labour Force 60.10 61.04 65.50 Male 45.65 46.38 50.74 Female 14.45 14.66 14.76 Employed labour force 56.52 57.42 61.71 Male 43.33 44.07 48.17 Female 13.19 13.35 13.54 Unemployed 3.58 3.62 3.79 Male 2.32 2.31 2.57 Female 1.26 1.31 1.22 Crude participation 32.3 32.3 31.7 rate(%) Male 48.0 48.1 48.3 Female 15.8 15.8 14.5 Un employment rate 6.0 5.9 5.8 Male 5.1 5.0 5.1 Female 8.7 9.0 8.3 Source: Labour Force Survey 2013-14, 2014-15 and 2017-18, Pakistan Bureau of Statistics The employment trend in major sectors shows that agriculture sector has the largest share but its trend is gradually decreasing.. The share of agriculture-related employment has declined from more than 48.42 percent in 1999-2000 to 38.5 percent by 2017-18. This shows almost 10 percentage points decline. However, services and manufacturing sectors are major contributors, showing increasing trends of employment. The services sector is the largest growing sector of the economy and the share of employment in services sector is increasing as compared to other sectors. The employment ratio has increased from 34.25 percent in 1999-2000 to 37.6 percent in 2017-18 as this sector provide jobs which are diverse in nature such as unskilled, semi-skilled, skilled and high skilled which includes doctors, engineers, advocates, builders and financial consultants In these sectors the total participation rate has increased. The share of employment in industry sector (manufacturing and construction) has increased from 17.33 percent in 1999-2000 to 23.89 percent in 2017-18. Due to increasing share of the services and manufacturing sectors and declining share of agriculture in employment, the labour market in Pakistan is experiencing structural changes in its composition. Fig-3:Sectoral Contribution Agriculture Mining & Manufacturing Construction Services 60 48.42 50 40 34.25 37.61 30 16.28 20 11.55 10 2017-18 2014-15 2013-14 2012-13 2010-11 2009-10 2008-09 2007-08 2006-07 2005-06 2004-05 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01 1999-00 0 7.61 5.78 Source: Labour Force Surveys Women’s Employment Pakistan had a Gender Inequality Index (GII) ranking of 133 in the 20171. It is not an encouraging sign that female participating in the labour market is also decreasing with the passage of time, viz, from 15.8 percent in 2014-15 to 14.5 percent in 2017-18. The Labour Force Survey 2017-18, indicates that women are concentrated in agriculture with a share of 67 percent, while in manufacturing they have a share of 16 percent and in community and personal services they have a share of 14.6 percent. In the case of occupational groups, women are mostly working as skilled 1 The 2018 Human Development Report (HDR) by UNDP 198
231. Population , Labour Force and Employment agricultural workers 55 percent, elementary/unskilled workers 18 percent, and craft and related trade workers 14 percent. Table-12.5: Employed Distribution by Major Industry and Occupational Groups% Major industry division 2014-15 Total Male Female Total Agriculture/forestry/hunting & fishing 42.3 33.1 72.7 38.5 Manufacturing 15.3 15.7 14.1 16.1 2017-18 Male 30.4 Female 67.2 16.1 16 Community/social &personal services 13.2 13.7 11.3 14.7 14.8 14.6 Crafts and related trade work 13.6 37.1 13.8 29.7 12.6 61.7 14.6 31.6 14.6 25.2 14.4 54.6 15.8 15.9 15.5 18.0 18.0 17.9 Skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers Elementary Occupation Source: Labour force survey 2017-18 Box-2: Job creation is one the key objective of the government economic reform program. As such, Ehsas program aims at creating employment opportunities by working in partnership with private sector. This entire agenda of Ehsas is heavily skewed towards the uplift of poor women—from the 6 million women who are estimated to benefit from the “Kifalat” to preferential support for women through “Tahafaz”. More than 50 percent of the education vouchers and scholarships will be given to women. Insaf Card covers health conditions for women preferentially. Not just health and education, but jobs and economic empowerment is crucial for poor women. In this regard, the graduation initiative solely serves women. Through the recommendations of the Labour Expert Group, the government will explore ways to recognize the work of all categories of non-agricultural informal economy workers and agricultural workers and pave the way for their coverage under labour legislation pertaining to wages and other conditions of work. Unemployment by Age According to Labour Force Survey 2017-18 the overall unemployment rate was 5.79 percent. In Fig4 the age bracket of 20-24 shows highest unemployment rate of 15.17 percent for the females and 10.5 percent for male Moreover, youth unemployment rate is quite high as compared to the average unemployment rate. Fig-4: Un-employment rates by age 2017-18 14.37 Female 45_49 6.80 5.95 5.39 7.66 2.90 2.29 40_44 5.05 4.44 6.64 2.33 2.20 2.78 35_39 3.77 3.09 1.89 1.84 2.09 30_34 2 8.74 11.94 1.59 1.47 1.97 4.36 4.05 2.04 4 Male 6.49 6.54 3.41 6 5.79 5.07 8 8.27 10 9.28 12 Total 11.56 10.47 14 10.44 11.57 12.61 15.17 16 0 Over all 10_14 15_19 20_24 25_29 Source: Labour Force Survey (2017-18) 199 50_54 55_59 60_64 65 & above
232. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Regional analysis of Unemployment Rate The unemployment situation in the region is comparatively better than in Pakistan except Iran . The unemployment statistics shows that Pakistan's unemployment rate at 5.79 percent is higher than that of India (2.6 percent), Bangladesh (4.3 percent), and Sri-Lanka (4.4 percent). Improvement in infrastructure and skill development programs Fig-5: Regional Unemployment Rate have played important role to create employment 12.0 opportunities in these countries Formal and Informal Employment 5.79 The informal sector plays an important and 4.4 4.3 controversial role. The key sectors of 2.6 employment in the informal economy are wholesale & retail trade, manufacturing, community/social and personal services, Pakistan Bangladesh India Iran srilanka construction and transport. The informal workers Source: World Development Indicators are not regulated by labour laws or protected by the state. The informal economy provides jobs and help to reduce unemployment but in many cases jobs are low paid. This sector employs 72.0 percent in 2017-18. The employment ratio in rural informal sector is 76.0 percent which is higher as compared to that in urban areas (68.3 percent) in 2017-18. Formal sector did not show considerable changes with respect to employment level during 20152018 period and total employment in this sector marginally increased from 27.4 percent to 28.0 percent. Table-12.6: Formal and Informal Sectors – Employment Distribution of Non-Agriculture Workers Sector 2014-15 2017-18 Total Male Female Total Male Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 - Formal 27.4 27.5 26.5 28.0 28.0 - Informal 72.6 72.5 73.5 72.0 72.0 Rural 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 - Formal 23.9 24.3 22.0 24.0 24.3 - Informal 76.1 75.7 78.0 76.0 75.7 Urban 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 - Formal 30.8 30.7 31.5 31.7 31.4 - Informal 69.2 69.3 68.5 68.3 68.6 Source: Labour force survey 2017-18 Female 100.0 28.2 71.8 100.0 22.3 77.7 100.0 33.9 66.1 Overseas Employment Migration has an important role in respect of employment creation and poverty eradication. International migration creates significant financial and social benefits for migrants, for their families, and for the countries of origin and destination. Pakistan is one of the largest labour exporting countries of the region and since 1971 more than 10.61 million Pakistanis have proceeded abroad for employment. It is evident from the Table 12.7 that there is a major decline in manpower export to Saudi Arabia where only 100910 emigrants proceeded for employment in year 2018 as compared to 2017, a drop of 42453 emigrants. On the other hand, manpower export to UAE also decreased in 2018. In recent years, Malaysia emerged as an important destination country for Pakistani workers as in 2018 an increase of 38 percent manpower export towards Malaysia was observed as compared to 2017. Due to the present government‘s efforts for enhancing manpower export, an increasing trend has been observed in Qatar which is a positive sign. 200
233. Population , Labour Force and Employment Table 12.7: Number of Pakistani Workers Registered Abroad S. No. Countries 2014 2015 1 UAE 350,522 326,986 2 Bahrain 9,226 9,029 3 Malaysia 20,577 20,216 4 Oman 39,793 47,788 5 Qatar 10,042 12,741 6 Saudi Arabia 312,489 522,750 7 UK 250 260 Source: Bureau of Emigration and Overseas Employment 2016 295,647 8,226 10,625 45,085 9,706 462,598 346 2017 275436 7,919 7,174 42,362 11,592 143,363 340 2018 208635 5745 9881 27202 20993 100910 587 The comparison among provinces in Table 12.8 shows that during 2018, the highest number of workers who went abroad was 185,902 from Punjab, followed by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 88,361. From Northern areas the number of registered workers increased from 3417 in 2017 to 4185 in 2018. However, the situation in other provinces is not encouraging which shows that there is a need to understand the changing trends/dynamics of labour importing countries in order to meet the manpower demand in future. Table 12.8 : Workers Registered for Overseas Employment During the period 2013-2017 Province Wise YEAR Federal Punjab Sindh Khyber Pakhtun -khwa Balochistan 2014 8943 383,533 89,703 167,424 7,258 2015 9028 478,646 116,935 220,993 7,686 2016 8472 446,566 85,326 206,929 6,378 2017 4635 261849 53590 107366 4528 2018 2471 185902 41551 88361 4781 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Emigration and Overseas Employment Azad kashmir N/areas 52,120 64,586 43,093 33318 30358 2,073 2,899 2,961 3417 4185 Tribal area 41,412 45,798 39,628 27583 24830 Total 752,466 946,571 839,353 496286 382439 Pakistan has a remarkable human resource which is classified into five occupational categories i.e highly qualified, highly skilled, skilled, semiskilled and un-skilled. During 2018, there has been a declining trend in all occupational groups except in the highly qualified category. The scope for low skilled workers is declining and competition among expatriates is increasing. The upskilling and certification of workforce is the pressing need of the time to meet the international standards and demand. In this regard the role of NAVTTC, TEVTAs and Higher Education Commission (HEC) is crucial to produce skilled and qualified workforce. Moreover, efforts are required at Government to Government (G2G) level to secure employment opportunities for the Pakistani workforce. Table 12.9: Profession Wise Pakistani Workers Registered. Year Highly Qualified Highly Skilled Skilled Semi skilled 2014 14,647 6,216 287,649 120,204 2015 17,484 7,853 397,317 151,636 2016 16,510 8,172 335,671 152,235 2017 16029 9886 188745 85686 2018 16105 9770 142486 56208 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Emigration and Overseas Employment The major factors behind recent decline in manpower export: Internal Factors  Lack of skills according to required standards  Low productivity of majority of training institutes  Lack of awareness about foreign job opportunities 201 Un skilled 323,750 372,281 326,765 195940 157870 Total 752,466 946,571 839,353 496286 382439
234. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19  Shortage of internationally accredited technical institutes External Factors  Global economic slowdown  Euro-zone crisis and Stringent US Immigration Policies Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries  Reduction in oil prices and political instability  Reduction in mega construction projects: major source of employment for Pakistani workers  Gulfization Policy (Saudization, Emiratization, Qatarization etc.)  Imposition of dependent fee and vat  Reduction in employment categories  Ministry of overseas has adopted multiple strategies for capturing international job market including:  Signing of MoUs in the field of manpower and employment with potential labour receiving countries. The Ministry has signed revised MoU with Republic of Korea on sending and receiving workers under employment permit system and MoU with Oman in the field of labour and training  Increasing the role of Community Welfare Attaches for procuring manpower demand for Pakistani workforce  Realigning role of overseas employment corporation for enhancement of employment promotion abroad and facilitating overseas employment promoters and foreign employers for hiring Pakistani manpower  NICOP condition which was a stumbling block in the easy access for the intending migrants have been removed to provide maximum facilitation and to reduce cost of emigration  Overseas Employment Corporation has started to build National Database of Trained Workforce for Employment Abroad  Qatar has established two visa facilitation centres in Islamabad and Karachi to accelerate hiring of 100,000 Pakistani workers Conclusion In Pakistan, financial and physical resources are inadequate and the growing population is putting increased pressure on these scarce sources. However, government is well aware of this problem and is making efforts to control the population growth rate through various population welfare programs which are expected to contribute in controlling population growth rate, fertility rate, infant mortality rate and maternal mortality rate. The size of the working age population is increasing and this working age population can be a productive asset for the country if properly trained through market demand led skill development programs. In this regard, the government has initiated various programs for their skill development and is also making sincere efforts to explore overseas employment opportunities which will help in addressing the unemployment issue. 202
235. CHAPTER 13 Transport and Communication Sustainable economic development of Pakistan is dependent on a robust and low-cost transport and logistics sector . Enhanced export competitiveness is also contingent upon the efficient performance of the sector. The government is aware of the vital role the transport and logistics sector plays in national economic development and in improving the competitiveness in country’s export. It is, therefore, committed to implement a comprehensive development initiative and modernizing the transport & logistics sector through a continuous process of reform supported by focused investments in all of its sub-sectors. Road Linkage National Highway Authority (NHA) is playing a vital role in improving the quality of Pakistan's road network, which entails in improving the quality and standard of life of the people apart from creating job opportunities. The present NHA network comprises of 47 national highways, motorways, expressways, and strategic roads. Current length of this network is 12,743 Km. NHA's existing portfolio consists of 38 on-going projects with an allocation of Rs.176,636.80 million in PSDP 201819 out of which 66,700.00 million is the Foreign Exchange Component (FEC) and Rs.109,936.80 million is the local component. There are also 08 new schemes in PSDP 2018-19 with total estimated cost of Rs. 8,561.00 million. NHA and CPEC: Through CPEC, NHA is connecting Khunjrab to Gwadar. Currently there are on-going CPEC projects worth Rs.700 billion related to NHA. Details are as under: CPEC-Short, Medium and Long Term Projects:  Short Term Projects (Eastern Alignment): Table: 13.1 Eastern Alignment projects Sr. Project Name No. 1 Khunjrab - Raikot including Atta Abad Lake 2 Raikot - Thakot (N-35) 3 Thakot - Havelian (E-35) 4 Havelian - Burhan (E-35 5 Ml - Gojra (M-1, M-2, M4) 6 Gojra - Khanewal (M-4} 7 Khanewal-Multan (M-4 Ext) 8 Multan - Sukkur (M-5) 9 Sukkur - Hyderabad (M-6) 10 Hyderabad - Karachi (M-9) 11 12 13 Sukkur - Shikarpur (N-65) Shikarpur - Ratodero (N-55) Ratodero- QubaSaeed Khan (M-8) Length Status (Km) 335 Completed 270 118 59 402 127 57 392 296 136 Planning Stage Under Construction Completed Completed Under Construction Completed Under Construction Under Procurement Substantially Completed 40 Completed 49 Under Construction 59 Completed Implementation Period 2018-23 2016-20 2013- 19 2013-20 2013-20 2018-23 2013-19 (June 2019) 2018-23 -
236. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Table : 13.1 Eastern Alignment projects Sr. Project Name No. 14 Quba Saeed Khan - Wangu Hills (M-8) 15 Wangu Hills-Khuzdar (M-8} 16 Khuzdar - Basima (N -30) 17 Baasima-Hoshab-Gwadar Source: NHA Length (Km) 42 113 110 400 Status Implementation Period Completed Completed PC-I approved Completed 2019-22 -  Short to Medium Term Projects (Western Alignment): Table: 13.2 Western Alignment projects Sr. Project Name No. 1 Hakla (Islamabad) - Yarik (DI Khan) 2 Yarik - Zhob (N-50) 3 4 5 6 Zhob - Quetta (N-50) Quetta - Khuzdar (N-25) Surab-Hoshab (N-85) Hoshab- Gwadar (M-8) Length Status Indicative (Km) Plan Period 285 Under Construction 2013-20 235 PC-I approved Detailed Design is in 20 18-23 Process 331 PC-I approved 20 18-23 306 Detailed Design is in Progress 20 18-23 449 Completed 193 Completed - Source: NHA  Medium to Long Term Projects (Central Alignment): Table: 13.3 Central Alignment projects Sr. Project Name Length No. (Km) 1 DI Khan - D.G. Khan 229 2 D.G. Khan - DeraAllahyar 303 3 Den Allahyar - Wangu Hills 94 Status Feasibility Study Plan in 2025 Feasibility Study Plan in 2025 Feasibility Study Plan in 2025 Indicative Plan Period 2025-30 2025-30 2025-30 Source: NHA Motorways: NHA has already constructed four segments of Pakistan Motorway Network i.e., Peshawar Islamabad Motorway (M-1), Islamabad - Lahore Motorway (M-2), Lahore - Abdul Hakeern Motorway (M-3) and Pindi Bhattian - Gojra Section and Khanewal - Multan Sections of Motorway (M-4) on a virgin corridor bringing remote areas on mainline and boosting economic activities. NHA is now constructing the remaining section of M-4 from Gojra - Khanewal. Work on Karachi Hyderabad Motorway (M-9) on BOT basis is also substantially completed. Details of NHA Motorway network is as under: Table: 13.4 Motorway network Sr. No. Motorway 1 Peshawar- Islamabad, M-1 2 Islamabad - Lahore, M-2 3 Havelian - Mansehra 4 Hazara Motorway (E-35) 5 Hakla-D.I Khan 6 Sialkot - Lahore 7 Lahore - Abdul Hakeem, M-3 8 Pindi Bhattian - Faisalabad, M-4 9 Faislabad - Gojra, M-4 Length (Km) 156 357 39 59 285 91 230 57 58 204 Status Completed Completed Under construction Under construction Completion: Jun, 2020 Completion; Dec, 2019 Completion: Mar, 2019 Completed Completed
237. Transport and Communication Table : 13.4 Motorway network Sr. No. Motorway 10 Gojra- Shorkot, M-4 11 Shorkot - Khanewal, M-4 12 Khanewal - Multan, M-4 13 Sukkur - Multan (M-5) 14 Hyderabad - Sukkur, (M-6) 15 Karachi-Hyderabad (M-9) Length (Km) 62 64 56 392 296 136 2362.3 Status Completed Completed Completed Completion: Sep, 2019 Procurement under process Completion: June 2019 Source: National Highway Authority The projects which are being financed by development partners are:  Islamic Development Bank Assistance: • Multan - Khaneval Section (57 km) M-4 Extension (Completed)  Japan JICA’s Assistance: • Sehwan - Ratodero section (200 kin) of N-55 (Completed) • RakhiGajj - Bewata section (34 km) of N-70 (Under Construction)  Korean Exim Bank Assistance: • Improvement and Widening of Chakdara - Chitral Section (141 km) of N-45 (In procurement stage) • Malakand Tunnel (In procurement stage for design consultancy)  USAID Grant: • Quetta - Chaman Section of N-25 (120 km) (Completed) • Peshawar - Torkham Section of N-5 (45 km) (PC-I is in process of approval)  Chinese Financing: • Raikot - Thakot Section of KKH (276 km) (Planning Stage) • Multan - Sukkur (M-5) (392 km) (Under Construction)  Asian Development Bank Assistance: • Flood Emergency Rehabilitation 'Project - Phase-I (343 km) (Under Construction) • Construction of Gojra - Khanewal Motorway, M-4 (126 km) (Under Construction) • Flood Emergency Rehabilitation Project -Phase-II (335 km) (Under Construction) • Burhan - Havelian Expressway (E-35) 59 km (Completed). • Balochistan Package: − Zhob - Mughalkot Section of N-50 (80 km) (Under Construction) − QillaSaifullah - WaigurnRud Section of N-70 (124 krill (Under Construction) • CAREC Corridor Development Investment Program (Tranche-I): − Construction of Additional Carriageway Petaro - Sehwan Section of N-55 (128 km) (Under Construction) − Rehabilitation of Peshawar - Dara Adam Khel of N-55 (36.1 cm). (Under Construction). − Construction of Additional Carriageway Shikarpur - Ratodero of N-55 (44 km) (Under Construction). • CAREC Corridor Development Investment Program (Tranche-II): 205
238. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 − • Construction of Additional Carriageway Shikarpur – Rajanpur Section of N55 (222 km) (Planning Stage) CAREC Corridor Development Investment Program (Tranche-II): − Construction of Additional Carriageway Dera Ghazi Khan - Dera Ismail Khan Section of N-55 (315 km) (Planning Stagg). − Rehabilitation of Existing Carriageway Petaro - Schwan Section of N-55 (128 km) (Planning Stage) BOT /PPP projects NHA through its dedicated efforts took a lead in the road infrastructure development through the private sector participation. NHA successfully attracted private sector investment and has awarded/ supported five projects of worth over Rs. 90 billion. The projects under Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) and Public Private Partnership (PPP) are:  Lahore-Islamabad Motorway (M-2) Scope: Overlay &Modernization (357 Km) Project Cost: Rs. 46,007 million August 2016 Status: Project successfully completed and operational since August 2016  Habibabad Flyover on N-5 Scope: Construction of Flyover on N-5(1.5 km) Project Cost: Rs. 831 million Status: Project successfully completed and operational since April 2015  Karachi-Hyderabad Motorway (M-9): Scope: Conversion of Existing 4-lane Highway into 6-Lane Motorway (136 Km) Status: 96 percent substantially completed and opened for traffic.  Lahore-Sialkot Motorway Project (LSMP) Scope: Construction of 4-Lane Motorway (91 km) Project Cost: Rs 43,847 million Status: 53 percent Successfully Completed (Completion August 2019) Further, NHA has planned projects on PPP basis worth Rs. 210,000 million to be started in near future. China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) The “All-weather” friendship between Pakistan and China is based on shared principles and interests that form the foundation of cooperation in diverse fields. In the shape of CPEC, both governments have made a conscious effort to focus on expanding the economic dimension of the relationship and bring it up at par with the high level cooperation the two countries enjoy at the strategic and political level. CPEC complements Pakistan’s economic growth and socio economic development. It forms a significant part of the Chinese concept of developing Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st century Maritime Silk route. Through CPEC, Pakistan is harnessing its Geo Strategic location into a GeoEconomic advantage and the region will be integrated into an economic hub promising a great future for its populace. CPEC is the flagship and most actively implemented project of Belt & Road Initiative (BRI) where 206
239. Transport and Communication Pakistan and China have successfully launched 22 projects on the ground , costing more than US $ 28.5 billion. Overall CPEC portfolio is as follow: Table 13.5: CPEC portfolio Projects Energy (IPP financing mode) Cross Border Optical Fiber Project (GCL) DTMB (Grant) Energy (IPP financing mode) Transport and Infrastructure (GCL) 3 projects Eastbay Expressway Gwadar (Interest free Loan) Gwadar City Master Plan and Airport (Grant) Status Completed Completed Completed Under Implementation Under Implementation Under Implementation Under Implementation Energy (IPP financing mode) Main-Line-1 (ML-1) (GCL) Gwadar Projects (Grant) 6 projects In Pipeline In Pipeline In Pipeline Grand Total Source: Ministry of Planning, Development and Reform Cost(US$ M) 4,979 37.4 4 18,258 5,830 166 257 29,531.4 11,523 8,250 357 49,661.4 The CPEC is considered as a long-term development project as it has the potential to serve as a corridor with multiple doors connecting China with Central Asia, Middle East, Africa and Europe. The government is expanding the scope of CPEC so that it becomes a “Gateway of Prosperity” for both countries and the region at large. CPEC is being expanded in the following areas: trade & market access, industrial development & global value chains, socio-economic development & poverty alleviation, agriculture modernization & marketing, Gwadar oil city & blue economy and regional connectivity & third country participation. Moreover, Chinese and Pakistani workforce, in a large number, is employed to ensure timely completion of the infrastructure projects and launch new projects like ML-1, Eastbay Expressway and Airport Project at Gwadar. Fiber Optic Connectivity Pakistan and China are executing Cross-border Fiber optic project (Khunjerab-Rawalpindi). Completion of the 820 Kms long cable has materialized in July 2018. The project will surely support IT sector development in northern parts of the country besides connecting the Transit Europe-Asia Terrestrial Cable Network with Pakistan. A Pilot Project of Digital Television DTMB (Digital Terrestrial Multiband Broadcast) has also been completed under CPEC. Rail Linkage Pakistan Railway is a single major mode of transport in public sector contributing to economic growth and providing national integration. Pakistan Railways comprises of total 470 locomotives (458 Diesel Engine and 12 Steam Engines) for 7,791 kilometers length of route. During FY 2019 (July-February), gross earning grew by 10.3 percent and amounted to Rs 34,0661 million against Rs 30891.1 million during the same period last year. During the period JulyFebruary FY 2019, number of passengers carried increased to 39.9 million against 35.9 million during the same period last year, which posted a growth of 11.0 percent. Likewise passenger traffic Km (million), freight carried tones million, and Freight tons Km (million) grew by 11.9 percent, 2.9 percent and 7.8 percent, respectively. 207
240. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Table 13 .6: Earning of Pakistan Railway 50 ----5.5 -14.4 -17.5 17 26.173 40 14.6 9.5 23.7 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 2018-19 Jul-Feb 2017-18 Jul-Feb 2017-18 2016-17 2015-16 2014-15 2013-14 2012-13 30,891.16 34,066.12 2011-12 -30 2009-10 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 (July-Feb) 2017-18 2018-19 Source: Ministry of Railways Earning of Pakistan Railway % Change 2010-11 Earning (Rs in million) 23,160 21,886 18,740 15,444 18,070.55 22,800.22 31,924 36,581.87 40,064.95 49,569.68 % Change Fiscal Year 10.3 Table 13.7: Passenger and Freight Traffic Subject 2015-16 Number of Passenger Carried (million) Passenger Traffic Kms (million) Freight carried Tons (million) Freight Tons Kms (million) Gross Earning (Rs. million) Source: Ministry of Railways 52.2 21201.0 5.0 4773.5 36581.9 2016-17 2017-18 52.4 22475.7 5.6 5031.3 40065.0 54.9 24903.8 8.4 8080.0 49569.7 Fig: Passsenger trafic, gross earning and Freight Tonnes (July-Feb) %Change 2017-18 2018-19 35.9 39.9 11.0 16753.2 18745.8 11.9 5.2 5.3 2.9 4887.4 5269.6 7.8 30891.2 34066.1 10.3 Fig: Passsenger and Freight Traffic 60000 9000 9 50000 8000 8 55 40000 7000 7 50 30000 6000 6 45 20000 5000 5 40 10000 4000 4 35 0 3000 2014- 15 2015-16 2016-17 Passenger Traffic Kms (Million) Gross Earning (Rs. Million) Freight TonnesKms (Million) 2017-18 2017-18 2018-19 (July-Feb) (July-Feb) 60 Gross Earning (Rs.… Freight TonnesKms… 3 30 2014- 15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2017-18 2018-19 (July-Feb) (July-Feb) Percentage change of passenger and Freight Traffic(July- Feb) 14 (%Change) 12 11.0 11.9 10.3 10 7.8 8 6 2.9 4 2 0 Number of Passenger Passenger Traffic Kms Freight carried Tonnes Carried (Million) (Million) (Million) 208 Freight TonnesKms (Million) Gross Earning (Rs. Million)
241. Transport and Communication Air linkage Pakistan International Airlines Corporation (PIAC) came into existence in 1955 as Public Sector organization. However, in April 2016 it was converted from a statuary organization to a company governed by Companies Act 1984, through Pakistan International Airlines Limited (PIAL conversion) Act 2016. At present PIA is passing through a dire financial state. However, the present government is very keen to make itself-reliant. Efforts are underway to improve the financial health of the corporation by reducing its losses through various means and modes. Stringent action is being taken against corruption and mismanagement. PIA follows calendar year for financial and operational matters. The overall performance of PIA for 2018 is given below; Table 13.8: PIA Performance Indicators PIA Fleet Route Available Seat Passenger Load Factor Revenue Flown Revenue Hours Flown Revenue Passengers Carried Revenue Passengers Revenue Tonne Revenue Load Factor Operating Revenue ** Operating Expenses ** Available Tonne Units No. of planes Kms millionKms in percent 000 Kms Hours 000 nos. millionKms millionKms in percent Rs. million Rs. million millionKms Year 2015 38 367,251 16,666 70.3 67,630 111,455 4,393 11,711 1,191 48.9 91.269 121.222 2,435 Year 2016 38 382,057 19,196 71.6 79,842 131,838 5,487 13,751 1,375 49.2 89,842 125,961 2,798 Year 2017 36 360,937 19,108 73.20 75,207 122,081 5,342 13,988 1,469 55.2 2,659 Year 2018 32 332,303 18,081 77.3 70,089 110,050 5,203 13,975 1,472 58.4 100,051 170,447 2,521 * PIA financial year is based on calendar year i.e. January to December. **Revenue & Cost is based on provisional / estimated & un-audited accounts Source: Civil Aviation Authority Despite financial constraints and tough and uneven competitive environment, PIACL gave a stable performance during 2018. To reduce losses, PIA had to take measures like route rationalization and suspended its loss making routes. PIA is in the process of its Strategic Business Plan 2019-23 to improve its performance: i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. Launching of profitable new routes like Silakot-Sharjha, Lahore-Muscat, IslamabadDoha and Lahore-Bangkok-Kualalalmpur. These routes are going very strong and economically viable More new routes have been started which include; Sialkot-Paris-Barcelona, PeshawarSharjha, Peshawar-Al Ain and Multan-Sharjha Increasing frequencies and capacity on profitable routes like Jeddah and Madinah coupled with closure of loss making routes like New York, Salalah (Oman), Kuwait, Mumbai Stoppage of all officiating and extra allowances given on additional assignments to officials Ban on overtime allowances in all cadres along with monitoring of flights by senior officials Increasing regularity and punctuality of flights by assigning target to be achieved 90 209
242. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 percent vii . Improvement in flight services, training of crew and regular monitoring viii. Introduction of executive economy class on European and Gulf sectors which are attracting more customers ix. Rationalization of fares according to market demand thus helping in increase of seat factor x. Delays of flights have been cut down significantly by better planning in engineering, flight operation and ground handling departments xi. Special emphasis on cargo business with monitoring of performance, rationalization of cargo fares and more effective liaison with all stakeholders Future Plan:  PIA is in process of acquiring new aircraft for its fleet. Presently, a tender has been floated for four narrow body aircrafts according to PPRA rules  PIA has submitted its business plan to the federal government and now it is under consideration for approval of Federal Cabinet. Maritime Linkage Pakistan National Shipping Corporation (PNSC) PNSC has achieved substantial growth in revenue of 35 percent (from Rs.1,272 million to Rs.1,717 million) in managed bulk carrier segment and growth of 28 percent (from Rs.3,001 million to Rs.3,833 million) in liquid cargo segment through its managed vessels. The present government encouraged the use of alternative energy, which is cost effective, and environment friendly as compared to furnace oil. Restrictions were imposed on import of furnace oil resulting in energy shift towards inexpensive Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), which hampered the operational revenue of PNSC through foreign flag tankers chartering with a decline of 71 percent (from Rs.1,690 million to Rs.491 million). Likewise, there is a decline of 7 percent (from Rs.1,41 0 million to Rs.1,317 million) in slot charter segment, which is also primarily due to the reduction in the import of public sector cargoes. Cumulatively, PNSC achieved a turnover of Rs.7,478 million (including Rs.1,928 million from PNSC) as compared to Rs.7,522 million (including Rs. 3,249 million from PNSC) for the corresponding period last year. Fleet Direct operating expenses decreased to Rs. 5,500 million (including Rs.1,104 million from PNSC) from Rs.5,747 million (including Rs.1,738 million from PNSC), thereby resulting in gross profit of Rs.1,852 million as against Rs.1,656 million for the same period last year. Despite of some adverse factors, PNSC profitability has increased by 61 percent with profit after tax of Rs.1,402 million during this period against Rs.872 million in the same period last year ensuring the best utilization of resources. Earnings per share for the PNSC increased to Rs.10.62 against Rs.6.60 in previous corresponding period. Two LR-1 tankers are added in PNSC's managed fleet namely "M.T. Bolan" and "M.T. Khairpur". These additions have increased the PNSC's managed fleet deadweight tonnage to 831,711 tons, which is largest in the history. The new inductions of oil tankers in managed fleet not only cater the demand of Motor Gasoline transportation but also impart modern technological advancements on board. These inductions will also curtail reliance on foreign-chartered vessels for oil transportation, to encounter the existing and foreseeable external challenges, and to gear up for current and future economic challenges. 1. Commercial and financial performance The commercial and financial performance (un-audited) breakup covering nine months activities 210
243. Transport and Communication from 1st July 2018 - 31st March 2019 of PNSC are given in the following tables :a) Commercial performance: Table 13.9: Commercial performance MONTH Tanker Total FY Liquid Cargo (MT) 2018-19 5,689,648 Chartering Dry Cargo (MT) 1,607,719 SLOT Consolidated TEUs BB/LCL 1722 26,165 b) Financial performance: The current FY Jul 31st 2018 - Mar 31st 2019 (9 months) financials are as under: Table 13.10: Financial performance Financial Results Revenue Expenses Gross Profit Other Income Administrative, Other Expenses & Finance Cost Profit before Tax 2. (Rupees in 000) July 18 - March 19 7,478,425 (5,626,795) 1,851,630 1,052,091 (1,338,544) 1,565,177 Future plans PNSC has planned Fleet Development Program (FDP) into short, medium & long term. PNSC has recently acquired two (02) LR-1 product tankers, which will boost PNSC's cargo carrying capacity and would further contribute to increase in revenue generation of the Corporation. While, in medium term PNSC intends to expend its dry bulk and liquid fleet and also intended to get into transportation of LNG and LPG business. However, in long term the ultimate objective of corporation is to enhance and maintain deadweight carrying capacity of over 1.5 million tons by 2025. 3. Fleet strength: PNSC's current fleet comprises of 11 vessels (4 Aframax tankers, 2 LR-1 product tankers and 5 bulk carriers) with a total deadweight (DWT) capacity of 831,711 metric tons and contributes significantly to Pakistan's imports and export volumes whereas on the other hand operate worldwide earning foreign exchange for the government exchequer. Table 13.11: Fleet strength Vessel Name Bullt M.TQUETTA M.TLAHORE M.TKARACHI M.T SHALAMAR M.TBOLAN M.T KHAIRPUR JAPAN 2003 JAPAN 2003 JAPAN 2003 JAPAN 2006 KOREA 2013 KOREA 2012 M.VCHITRAL M.V MALAKANO M.V HYOERABAD M.VSIBI M.VMULTAN JAPAN 2003 JAPAN 2004 JAPAN 2004 JAPAN 2009 JAPAN 2002 Total Deadweight MT 107,215 107,018 107,081 105,315 74,919 74,986 Bulk Carriers 46,710 76,860 62,951 28,442 60,244 831,711 Length Overall M 240.80 246.80 216.80 228.00 220.89 220.89 Gross MT 58,119 58,157 58,127 55,894 42,411 42,411 185.73 225.00 188.50 169.37 180.80 26,395 40,040 29,385 17,018 27,086 455,043 Karachi Port Trust The Karachi Port Trust operational performance during FY 2018-19 (July-March) stood at 35,361,000 tones. The export cargo handled 10,415,000 tons as compared to 9,206,000 tons last 211
244. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 year , showing a substantial increase of 13 percent, while volume of import cargo stood at 24,945,000 tons, as against the 31,379,000 tons handled last year, showing a decrease of 22 percent. The restricted import is due to government measures to discourage non essential imports. The details are as under; Table 13.12: Cargo, Container Handling & Ship Movement At Karachi Port Fiscal Year Imports Exports Total Imports 2011-12 26,201 11,674 37,875 (000 tons) %Change Exports Total 2012-13 26,700 21,150 38,850 2 81 3 2013-14 30,343 11,007 41,350 14 -48 6 2014-15 29,672 13,750 43,422 -2 25 5 2015-16 34,594 15,451 50,045 17 12 15 2016-17 42,638 9,855 52,493 23 -36 5 2017-18 41,669 13,016 54,685 -2 32 4 2017-18 (Jul-Ma) 31,789 9,206 40,995 2018-19 (Jul-Mar) 24,945 10,415 35,361 -22 13 -14 Fig-2: Cargo handled at KPT Imports 60,000 Exports Total 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2017-18 (Jul-Ma) 2018-19 (Jul-Mar) Port Qasim Authority The Port Qasim Authority achieved good results in the first nine months of the year posted a total growth of 12.6 percent in total traffic. The port operational performance during FY 2018-19 (JulyMarch) stood at 36.580 million tonnes, showing an increase of 12.6 percent over the corresponding period of last nine months of 2017-18. The growth of 12.6 percent in total traffic during the financial year 2018-19 is attributed in Coal, LNG, Chemicals, Cement, Palm oil and Mogas. Out of 36.580 million tons of total traffic, dry bulk cargo/break bulk cargo was 13.696 million tons (37.4 percent) liquid cargo was 11.852 million tons (32.4 percent), and containerized cargo was 11.032 million tons (30.2 percent). Port handled 0.797 million TEUs of container traffic during this year, showing an increase of 7.8 percent over the same period of last year container handling of 0.739 million TEUs. In terms of imports and exports, imports accounted for 85.5 percent and exports 14.5 percent of total trade. 212
245. Transport and Communication Imports The volume of import cargo during July-March 2018-19 stood at 31 .293 million tons, as against the 27.342 million tons handled during corresponding period last year, showing an increase of 14.4 percent Exports The export cargo handled 5.287 million tons during first nine months of financial year 201819, as compared to 5.127 million tons handled during corresponding period 2017-18, showing a substantial increase of 3.7 percent, export cargo comprised 4.229 million tons (80 percent) containerized traffic, 0.995 million tons (20 percent) non-containerized cargo. View of graphic shows that the third quarter of fiscal year is the highest quarter of financial year 2018-19, reaching over 13.127 million tons, while average cargo handling remained at the port at 12.193 million tons per quarter during July-March. Cargo Composition Graphic view of Quarterly Cargo Handling 14 13.127 13 13 11.816 12 11.614 12 11 11 Q1 Q2 Q3 Cargo Volum During Jul-Mar 2018-19 Cargo composition graph shows that containerized cargo throughput is largest cargo which represented over 30 percent of total cargo, the second largest imported cargo was the coal represented 29 percent of total throughput, and third largest imported cargo was the LNC which represented 74 percent of total cargo throughput. Ship Callings Ship-Callings registered a slight growth of 1.15 percent during the under review period, where a total of 1,139 ships have been visited at Port, which is comprises 371 Container ships and 768 Non-Container ships. Seeds 6% Chemicals 3% Coal 34% POL 9% Other 5% Cont. Cargo 35% Edible Oil 8% Five Years Port Statistics Table 13.13: Five Years Port Statistics Period 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 Jul-Mar Total Imports 25.775 30.014 33.0321 37.358 45.555 36.580 213 (Figures in million Tons) Exports 18.076 7.699 21.608 8.405 25.587 7.464 30.995 6.363 38.471 7.084 31.293 5.287
246. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Six years statistics of Port Qasim Authority Total Import Export 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2018-19 (Jul-Mar) 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Total 25.775 30.014 33.032 37.358 45.555 36.58 Import 18.076 21.608 25.587 30.995 38.471 31.293 Export 7.699 8.405 7.464 6.363 7.084 5.287 Gwadar Port Gwadar Port is the Port on the southwestern Arabian Sea Coastline in Balochistan, province of Pakistan. It is the second greatest monument of Pak-China friendship after Karakoram Highway linking Pakistan and China. Gwadar Port is about 630 km away from Karachi and 120 km from the Iranian border. It is located at the mouth of the Persian Gulf, outside the Strait of Hormuz, near the key shipping routes in and out of the Persian Gulf. Port Operators The government has signed a concession agreement with Singapore Port Authority International (PSAI) in 2007. But there was no considerable progress till 2013. In May 2013, the port’s Concessional Rights were transferred to the new operator, viz China Overseas Ports Holding Company Limited (COPHCL). Since the concessions were handed-over to COPHCL, it has been working on improving port facilities, surrounding environment and port businesses. The port operator had invested more than $ 40 million for port facilities up-gradation. This is now fully operational and receiving commercial vessels on regular basis since March 2018. Gwadar Port Free Zone  The construction of Free Zone Phase-I has been completed with all infrastructures, including power, water, road, telecommunication, waste treatment, drainage systems are now in operation. More than 30 enterprises, involving the fields of banks, insurance, financial leasing, hotels, warehouses, fishery products processing, edible oil processing, pipe, furniture manufacturing, electric vehicle assembly, trade and logistics, have already been registered in Free Zone.  Following 03 companies have completed the construction; • M/S China Communication Construction Company (Business Center) • M/S Linyi Trade City (Exhibition Center) and • M/S Yulin Company (Steel Tube Industry) 02 companies have started the construction, namely as M/S Delight Food Industries (Extraction of edible oil) and M/S HK Sons (copper recycling & processing). However, despite the completion of their units these companies will not be able to start the operations in the absence of Free Zone rules and policy. They are unable to import raw materials due to non-availability of Free Zone incentives for businesses to be established in Gwadar Free Zone. 214
247. Transport and Communication • Work on the main Free Zone on 2,220 acres of land will be started soon for which China Port Holding Company (COPHC) has completed the master planning and feasibility work. Commercial Activities Gwadar Port has handled last year around 7.156 Metric Ton cargo from 53 ships. The Chinese Operator is working on increasing the number of ship calls at the port. Two ship-liners (COSCO & Sino-Trans) are calling regularly at the port. From 7th March, 2018 weekly container service has been started by COSCO. Table 13.14: Summary of trade/Cargo Data from March 2018 to February 2019 Total Cargo 7,156 Metric Ton Total Import 375.482 Metric Ton Total Export 3401.105 Metric Ton Communication Information and Communication Technology Sector The telecommunication market in Pakistan is open and deregulated, offering level playing field to operators. The sector was de-regulated in 2003 after the promulgation of the de-regulation policy. Resultantly, two new cellular mobile licenses were awarded to M/s Telenor and M/s Warid through an open auction. Later on, China Mobile acquired Paktel and started providing mobile cellular services. In addition, multiple Long Distance & International (LDI) and Local Loop licenses were granted to local and international companies. Frequency spectrum was also auctioned to different companies for Wireless Local loop (WLL) operations. 1. Telecom Sector A. Policy Interventions i. Revision of Policies for Device Identification, Registration and Blocking System (DIRBS) 2018-19: With the aim to curtail the counterfeit mobile phone market, deter mobile phones theft and to protect consumer interest in line with the duly approved Telecom Policy 2015 issued by Ministry of Information Technology & Telecommunication, PTA developed/established a “Device Identification Registration & Blocking System (DIRBS)”in collaboration with all Cellular Mobile Operators. DIRBS acts as a central system and database for all network operators to share and synchronize information about black listed mobile devices to deny operations to such unauthorized devices on any network. The system besides above mentioned benefits also enables a unique opportunity to eliminate smuggling of new and used mobile phones as only white listed devices i.e. those with valid IMEIs formally cleared by the PTA/Customs, will be allowed to operate on the networks, henceforth. ii. Determination of underserved areas for the launch of Next Generation Broadband in under-served areas of Pakistan. The Universal Services Fund Company (USF Co.) launched projects to provide telecommunication coverage to approximately 12,000 unserved Mauzas with a population of around 15 million, across all provinces of Pakistan. In these areas, provision of telecom services was not commercially viable for Telecom Operators and without intervention from USF Co., the general population would have remained deprived of telecom connectivity. The new flagship program of USF Co. is the Next Generation Broadband for Sustainable Development (NG-BSD). This program provides enhanced Broadband data rates (512kbps) to Unserved and Underserved population of the country facing limited or no data coverage. 215
248. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 The Federal Cabinet approved the declaration of the following areas as Underserved for inclusion in USF ’s Program, aimed at the provision of Next Generation Broadband to a population of 30,435,725 in 11,915 Under-Served Mauzas of Pakistan: Pishin, Nasirabad, Mastung, Turbat, Sukkur, Dadu, Mirpurkhas, Larkana, Chitral, DG Khan, Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar and Rahimyar Khan. iii. Spectrum Plan A comprehensive draft Spectrum Plan and Strategy is prepared by the close collaboration of stakeholder including MoITT, FAB, PTA and spectrum veterans. The draft has been improved during the year 2018 and approval process for same is being initiated during the current fiscal year. iv. Cyber Governance The formulation of Cyber Governance Policy is in process and all stakeholders are being taken on board. B. Infrastructure Development in Unserved and Underserved Areas of the Country Through the Universal Service Fund, this Ministry is committed to minimize the Information and communication gap between rural and urban communities. To connect the unconnected in the unserved and underserved areas of the country, projects are being designed under different categories each bridging the gap of necessary services and associated systems. i. Broadband for Sustainable Development (BSD) Program A flagship program to establish telecommunication infrastructure that provides coverage of Voice and Broadband Internet Services to unservedmauzas across the country. More than 7,000 unservedmauzas across the country have been provided with coverage through USF. In current Fiscal Year, 925 mauzas have been served by USF under previously running projects. Whereas, Rs. 3 billion have been disbursed upon completion of different project milestones. Furthermore, USF has launched a new project to provide services in 401 unservedmauzas of North Waziristan Agency, FR Bannu and FR LakkiMarwat. Necessary codal formalities are being completed for signing of contract worth Rs.135 million. ii. Next Generation – Broadband for Sustainable Development (BSD) Program The program offers enhanced broadband services along with voice services and has recently been ratified by Cabinet. The target areas are unserved and underserved mauzas. Approximately 30 million un/underserved population in 46 districts will benefit from this program in next 4 years. 5 Lots to be auctioned this year have been designed targeting 4,000 mauzas in 12 districts namely Dadu, Jamshoro, Thatta, Matiari, Hyderabad, Tando Allahyar, Tando Muhammad Khan, Badin, Sujawal, Bahawalpur, Rahimyar Khan and Bahawalnagar. iii. Next Generation BSD Program for National Highways and Motorways It is a new program which is evolved from BSD program and has been launched in current financial year. The program targets unserved areas along the national highways and motorways across the country. It is estimated that around 7,700 kms of routes are un-served. A salient feature of this program is national roaming that facilitates commuters to get seamless coverage 216
249. Transport and Communication irrespective of their originally subscribed networks . These will be first of their kind projects to offer this facility in Pakistan. In current fiscal year, USF has successfully launched a project to provide coverage along the unserved segments, spanning 669 kms, on National Highway 10 and national highway 25 (partially). iv. Optic Fiber Cable Program(OFC) USF Optic Fiber Cable program is concentrating on connecting the unserved Tehsil Headquarters (THQs) and major town enroute 6,951 kms of OFC has been laid and 84 THQs and Towns have been provided with the connectivity. In current fiscal year, 59 THQs and major towns will be connected under OFC Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and OFC FATA Packages by laying more than 1,200 kms of Optic Fiber Cable. v. Broadband Program The program was initiated in 2007 whereby urban areas of 2nd and 3rd tier cities were provided with the broadband infrastructure. Additionally, broadband centers were to be established in educational institution, called Educational Broadband Centers (EBCs) and in public places, called Community Broadband Centers (CBCs). These centers provide shared access points to the intended sections of society. By March 31, 2019 USF has covered 479 cities and towns and established a customer base of more than 780,000 subscribers. Additionally, more than 1300 EBC and 360 CBCs have been established. In current financial year around 700 subscribers have been established along with 19 EBCs and 4 CBCs. 2. Information Technology Sector Government’s incentives for IT industry include:  Zero income tax on IT exports till June 2025  100 percent equity ownership allowed to foreign investors  100 percent repatriation of capital and dividends allowed  Three-year tax holiday for PSEB registered IT startups Tax holiday for venture capital funds till 2024. IT Exports and Remittances There has been a consistent growth in IT &ITeS-BPO remittances over the last 5 years, with 151 percent growth in IT &ITeS-BPO remittances at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 20 percent, the highest growth rate in comparison with all other industries and the highest in the region. Pakistan’s IT &ITeS-BPO exports are estimated to have crossed US $ 3.3 billion a year at present. In addition, export remittances earned by MSMEs and freelancers are estimated to be $500 million, whereas annual domestic revenue exceeds $1 billion. Pakistan’s IT sector has a promising future, brimming with talent, and with potential to become the largest export industry of the country. Already, IT industry is among the top 5 net exporters of the country with the highest net exports in the services industries. 217
250. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Pakistan is the 3rd most financially attractive location in the world for offshore services , according to A.T. Kearney’s Global Services Location Index. More than 300 international companies including Global enterprises like Bentley (R), Ciklum (R), IBM (R), Mentor Graphics (R), S&P Global (R), Symantec (R), Teradata (R), and VMware (R) have established global consulting services centers, research & development facilities, and BPO support services centers in Pakistan. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflow in the ICT Sector (IT & Telecom) The reported FDI inflow in the ICT sector (IT & Telecom) for the period July 2018- January 2019 is USD 114.4 million. A. Policy Interventions 1. Digital Pakistan Policy 2018 Taking into account the increasingly transformed role of information technology across all sectors of socio-economic development coupled with accelerated digitization Digital Pakistan Policy 2018 has been approved by the federal government to rapidly transform the IT and other sectors of economy for an enhanced economic growth. This policy will serve as the foundation for the construction of a holistic digital ecosystem with advanced concepts and components for the rapid delivery of next generation digital services, applications and content. It will also provide opportunities for local entrepreneurs and firms to acquire core competencies, experience and credibility and become better positioned to compete at the international level. The implementation of Digital Pakistan Policy 2018 is in process. 2. Establishment of ‫ ۔پاکستان‬internet registry The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has approved the establishment of ‫۔پاکستان‬Internet registry for Pakistan. NTC being the ‫ ۔پاکستان‬registry operator has completed and tested all the operational procedures for setting-up of said registry. Moreover, the case for the redelegation of National Internet Registry (.pk) is in process. 3. E-Commerce MoIT in-consultation with relevant stakeholders has formulated the e-commerce regulatory framework for the proliferation of e-commerce eco-system to safeguard the users and merchants’ trust and will resolve longstanding barrier to growth of Pakistani e-commerce. Now, this Ministry is providing technical assistance to Ministry of Commerce for consolidation of all working groups’ including working group on e-commerce regulatory framework’s feedback into a National E-commerce Policy document. 4. E-Governance MoIT through NITB, is in process of rolling-out the e-Office suite in the federal government to ensure efficiency, accuracy, effectiveness, good governance, transparency and accountability in decision making and delivery of efficient and cost effective public services to citizens of Pakistan. In this regard, the access of e-office suite software has been provided to more than twenty four (24) Ministries/Divisions and twenty four (24) attached departments, whereby, more than 8000 staff has been trained on the said e-governance system. E-Office services are being provisioned to these departments through federal government’s secure and dedicated optical fiber network. Currently, the MoITT, in consultation with relevant stakeholders, is in the process of rolling-out the e-office suite in the provinces through a Public Private Partnership model in collaboration with local IT industry. The projects in this regard are as follows: 218
251. Transport and Communication  Centralized Procurement Plan for Federal Government: A special procurement committee has been constituted, a Special Procurement Committee for centralized procurement of the ICT infrastructure to ensure e-Readiness of Federal Government Program. The committee shall be responsible for procurement of items subject to quantity and quality. NITB will assess the need of each Division objectively and the allocation of funds for the same shall be taken up with Finance Division.  Replication of e-office suite: Under this project, the currently under progress e-office system is to be replicated to remaining ministries and attached departments. NITB is in process of completing this project in the year 2018-19. C. Infrastructure Development for IT Facilitation Establishment of Information Technology Parks The Software Technology Parks (STPs) are a major factor in facilitating the IT companies and play a major role in the development of the IT industry. STPs house IT companies and professionals and act as software factories generating software and IT exports for the country every year. A new state of the art IT Park in Islamabad is being established under financing from Korea Eximbank through the Economic Development Cooperation Fund (EDCF), spreading over an area of 14.9 acres of land. The construction of IT Park will be undertaken in two phases. Cost estimate for first phase is US$ 88.25 million for which loan agreement has been signed. It is expected that design and construction of IT Park will be completed by 2022. In addition to the above, the Ministry is in process of planning for undertaking the feasibility study to establish such state of the art technology parks in Karachi. 3. National Initiatives for ICTs (It &Telecom) A. Innovation and Entrepreneurship in ICTs National Incubation Centers The government has a vision of accelerated digitization and transformation of Pakistan into a knowledge based economy to spur economic growth through innovation and entrepreneurship. Keeping in mind the critical role played by startups in economic growth, job creation, financial inclusion, reducing the income divide, and building a knowledge economy ignite under the auspices of MoIT, launched a program to build a network of National Incubation Centers (NIC). IGNITE has successfully established 5 NIC in federal capital and all provincial capitals of the country. Today five NICs (Islamabad, Lahore, Peshawar, Karachi & Quetta) house 179 promising startups, which have been provided mentorship and networking by leading entrepreneurs, corporate chieftains, top professionals, investors and global entrepreneurial organizations through numerous events and meet-ups. Other facilities includerent free office space, high speed broadband internet, makers lab, usability labs, fintech lab, design thinking lab etc. These centers also offer curriculum that teaches pitching and learning by doing. Legal assistance, coaches, vertical mentors, financial experts and trainers are also available to nurture Incubates. B. Peoples Development Programs i. Digital Skills Training Program for Freelancing The digital skills training program was inaugurated in August 2018, to train one (1) million people across the country over a period of 2 years. The digi skills Program is aimed at equipping our youth, freelancers, students, professionals, etc. with knowledge, skills, tools & techniques necessary to seize the opportunities available internationally in online jobs market places and 219
252. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 also locally to earn a decent living . The program aims at not only developing key specialized skills, but also imparting knowledge about various freelancing and other employment and entrepreneurial opportunities available internationally and locally. Due to limited employment opportunities, it is essential for upcoming workforce to have necessary knowledge and abilities to grab such opportunities. This is envisaged to be achieved through a national level program, which will train target audiences in freelancing and other specialized skills. ii. ICT for Girls Universal Service Fund’s “ICTs for Girls” program is aimed at spurring the socio- economic uplift of girls through digital learning. As part of this program, 120 state of the art digital labs have been established throughout Pakistan at the women empowerment centers and 24 other educational institutions at a cost of PKR 260 million. 150 master trainers have been trained with the help of Microsoft, Facebook and UN-Women. Through this program around 15,000 girls will be trained annually The second wave of this program, at a cost of Rs 810 million, has also been launched to train over 110,000 girls per year at 226 girls’ schools of Islamabad being run by federal directorate of education. USF is also funding the hiring of 202 teachers for these computer labs. Under these projects, 6,372 computer terminals have been set up throughout the country. Through this mega project, the ultimate objective is to increase the employability potential of this disadvantageous section of society. iii. Capacity Building of IT Industry PSEB has assisted quality certification of 03 IT companies at ISO 27001:2015 and 02 at ISO20001. Whereas, certification of 06 IT companies is in progress on ISO 27001/20001. Moreover, PSEB has also assisted one IT company on CMMI Level-5 iv. ICT for Special Persons USF has recently launched a special project to establish 6 state of art specialized Information Communication Technology (ICT) facilities at the national library and select institutions located in Islamabad Capital Territory. All these labs have been equipped with modern ICT equipment and relevant assistive technologies catering to the specific disability\disorder. v. Digital Platforms for Underserved With advancement of technologies, proliferation of digital platforms and enabling apps, user behavior is shifting from voice and data centric services to app-centric centric services. Realizing this shift, USF is in process of establishing platforms for the un/underserved communities of Pakistan. C. Funding Technical Innovative Products (ICT) Technology startups are considered to be the epicenter of innovation and are fueling the growth of economies worldwide by creating new jobs, contributing to the GDP and raising the standard of living. Some of the success models around the world are South Korea and Singapore etc. The Government of Pakistan has also realized the importance of supporting an innovation and entrepreneurship culture in the country and has taken major strides in the past few years. This includes supporting cutting edge R&D and product development through supporting startups and joint industry-academia collaborations. 220
253. Transport and Communication Ignite-National Technology Fund , under the Ministry of IT & Telecom has been focusing on 4th Industrial Wave Technologies over the past one year. This includes, but not limited to, the following areas: 3D/4D Printing Augmented Reality / Virtual Reality Big Data, Artificial Intelligence Blockchain Cloud Neurotech Robotics Shared economy The Internet of Things Wearables, Implantables Telecom Revenues 488.8 470.1 457.0 442.2 500 450 400 Rs.in Billions           350 268.8 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Jul-Dec-18 Note: Jul-Dec 2018 are estimated Telecom Sector A brief account of progress achieved in the telecom sector in 2018-19 is reflected below with details of regulatory measure being taken by regulator during the year. FLL & WLL Teledensity Cellular Mobile 79.6 80 70 Telecom sector is playing pivotal role in Pakistan’s economy where it is contributing directly and indirectly in employment generation, financial inclusion, attracting investment, providing innovation opportunities besides contribution of huge resources to national kitty in terms of taxes, duties and other levies. Telecom sector has emerged among the major foreign investment attracting sectors in the country. During the last 5 years, sector has attracted over US$ 2.6 billion FDI whereas a total of about US$ 4.5 billion have been invested by telecom players in Pakistan. In terms of overall investment in the telecom sector, the momentum that was started in FY 2012-13 for the up-gradation of telecom networks for 3G and 4G services has continued. Telecom operators have invested a significant amount of US$ 200.1 million during July-Dec 2018 to March. The main driver behind this investment is the cellular mobile sector, which has invested US $158.3 million during the first two quarters of FY 2018-19. 60 Percentage Telecom Sector Analysis 71.1 3.2 62.9 72.5 74.1 74.7 2.0 1.6 1.3 1.3 69.1 70.9 72.81 73.85 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Dec-18 2.2 50 40 76.5 60.7 30 20 10 0 2013-14 2014-15 Broadband Subscribers (Mobile and Fixed) 80 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Mar-19 68.24 Million Subscribers 70 60 58.33 50 44.59 40 32.30 30 16.89 20 10 5.18 The commercial launch of 3G and 4G LTE services 0 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Mar-19 has opened new opportunities for revenue generation for the mobile operators. With a relatively difficult year, 2018 for Pakistan’s economy, telecom sector stands tall in the overall economy and showed improvement in revenues 221
254. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 during FY2018 whereby total telecom revenues stood at Rs . 488.8 billion during the year 2017-18. Revenues from telecom sector reached an estimated Rs. 268.8 billion during the first two quarters of FY 2018-19. The progressive approach followed by PTA for providing ICT access to the citizens of Pakistan through international fibre optic cables, backhaul networks and wireless solution including 3G, 4G, LTE have resulted in more than 89 percent of the total population access to cellular mobile services of which 73 percent have access to 3G services and 69 percent have access to 4G services. Total teledensity reached 77.2 percent at the end of March, 2019 compared to 74.1 percent at the end of last fiscal year 2017-18. The prime driver of teledensity rise is the growth in cellular mobile subscribers. Cellular Subscribers By the end of March 2019, the total number of mobile subscriptions in Pakistan reached at 159 million with the net addition of 8.8 million subscribers during the July, 2018 to March 2019. Biometric re-verification of SIMs in 2014-15 had an adverse impact on the cellular subscriber base. Cellular Subscribers 150.2 140.0 160 133.2 127.7 140 154.0 139.8 114.7 Million Subscribers 120 Broadband Subscribers Mobile and Fixed Broadband subscriber base showed strong growth during July, 2018 to March, 2019. At the end of March 2019, broadband subscribers stood at 68.24 million as compared to 58.33 million at the end of last fiscal year 2017-18. The number of net subscriber additions during first nine months of 2018-19 stood at 10 million. 100 80 60 40 20 0 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Dec-18 Local Loop Subscribers 7th Highest Tax Paying Organization in Pakistan Government Local Loop Subscribers 6 WLL 5.23 FLL 5 3.93 2.06 Millions The subscriber base of local loop segment has reached 2.70 million at the end of December 2018 as compared to 2.76 million as of June, 2018. FLL subscriber base has been steady as 2.56 million subscribers as of June and Dec, 2018) as reported by the operators. The closure of PTCL’s WLL connections and the mobile substitution effect has resulted into gradual decline of the local loop subscriptions. 3.30 4 0.79 2.99 2.70 2.86 0.46 3 0.33 0.30 0.24 2.66 2.56 2.56 2 3.17 3.14 2.84 1 PTA, has been ranked 7th largest tax paying 0 organization among its peers in 2018 on its 2014 2015 2016 2017 2017-18 Dec-18 income to the Federal Board of Revenue. In addition, Telecom Regulator has generated over Rs. 209 billion during June 2013 to March 2019 through its levies, fee and other charges. The details of PTA contribution to government exchequer are given in Table. 222
255. Transport and Communication Table 13 .15: PTA Contributions Period 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 (Rs. Billion) Federal Consolidated Fund (FCF) 104.6 7.0 34.1 33.3 14.9 2018-19 (Jul –Mar) 15.1 Taxes Deposited with FBR Total 7.981 7.284 10.2 11.429 14.595 111.98 14.28 44.30 44.73 29.50 1.84 16.94 PTA Elected as Chairman South Asian Telecom Regulators’ Council (SATRC) Pakistan held successful 19th meeting of SATRC, in December 2018 in Islamabad. Representatives from 9 countries of Asia Pacific Region, namely Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Iran, India, Maldives, Nepal, Sri Lanka as well as from United Kingdom, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand attended the meeting. During the meeting election for new chairman of SATRC was held and all member states unanimously elected chairman PTA as Chairman SATRC for next term. PTA has also been nominated as Chairman of Policy Regulations and Services (PRS) working group of STARC. The working group will be concentrating in the areas of regulatory approaches to enhance QoS of mobile operators, digital financial services and harmonizing ICT indicators in SATRC. Local Manufacturing & Assembly of Mobile Handsets In order to encourage development of local manufacturing of mobile handsets, PTA took an initiative by introducing a regime enabling PTA type approval holder companies to setup plants in Pakistan for manufacturing/assembly of mobile handsets. This initiative was first strategic step towards encouraging local manufacturing of mobile handsets in Pakistan. After introduction of this regime, over 16 companies have obtained permissions for local assembly of mobile handsets and have installed assembling plants that are fully operational. On average, a total of 3.3 million handsets are being assembled each month in Pakistan. This step of PTA has created over 3,200 jobs in the market and enabled young professionals to have skill development in this specialized field. Reducing Retail Tariff for Mobile Services Mobile Termination Rates (MTR) plays a critical role in driving the retail tariffs especially for offnet calls. In view of the changing market structure of the cellular mobile segment and considering that the last change in MTR was made in 2010, a review of the existing MTR @ Rs. 0.90/min was required in Pakistan. Based on the comments, hearing and meetings, the authority has reduced the MTR for all types of calls i.e. local, long distance and international incoming calls) terminated on mobile networks from other mobile networks or fixed networks from Rs. 0.90 to Rs. 0.80 from 1 st January 2019 which will be further reduced to Rs. 0.70 by 2020. Subsequently, the MTR will be reviewed in coming years in line with international best practices. Encouraging Financial Inclusion NFIS council’s approved Assan Mobile Account (AMA) scheme that requires establishment of a unified Unstructured Supplementary Services Data (USSD) platform through a Third Party Service Provider (TPSP). PTA has issued 2 licenses of TPSP that will be instrumental for interoperability and launch of AMA scheme aimed to bring huge unbanked population in banking channels. PTA held a series of meetings with industry and SBP for the integration of CMOs and TPSP. Currently, MoUs have been signed between TPSP licensee and all CMOs, and TPSP has completed Proof of 223
256. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Concept (POC) activities with PMCL (Jazz), Telenor and Ufone. End-to-end testing has been completed. A successful live demo of AMA system was presented to Finance Minister on 17th October 2018. PTA expects that AMA scheme will be operational shortly in collaboration with State Bank of Pakistan. In the mobile banking market, mobile wallet accounts and agents are playing instrumental role. The biometrically verified SIMs have facilitated the growth of m-wallet accounts during last few years and significant growth has been seen i.e. m-wallet accounts in Pakistan were only 20 million in 2016 which have grown to 39 million in 2018.. Quality of Service Surveys PTA continuously strives to ensure that the consumers of telecom services get the best quality telecom services. PTA already issued QoS Regulations, therefore in order to monitor the compliance status, during the Jul-Dec 2018, PTA has conducted Quality of Service (QoS) survey jointly with Cellular Mobile Operators (CMOs) using NEMO automated QoS tools. During the period, a total of fifteen (15) cities of Pakistan (Bahrain, Madyan, Kalam, Naran, NathiaGali, MalamJabba, Peshawar, Quetta, Ziarat, Lodhran, Multan, Mirpurkhas and Badin) have been surveyed. The performance of data services of CMOs has been checked by measuring user data throughput and signal strength Key Performance Indicators(KPIs). The quality of data and voice exchange on the cellular mobile networks has been measured for all the CMOs under several indicators. It can be observed that all operators are meeting the standard for Signal Strength (RSCP) of 3G, network accessibility, service accessibility, call completion ratio, inter system handover of circuit switched voice, sms success rate and end-to-end SMS delivery time. Results of the survey are available for general public on PTA website. Standardization of BVS Devices to Ensure Security Features of SIM Issuance Process Pakistan Telecom Authority introduced Biometric Verification System (BVS) for mobile users back in the year 2014 and currently all users have been properly verified. However, PTA received a few complaints regarding misuse of the BVS devices. Analysis revealed that some BVS devices, being used for issuance of SIMs are substandard and lack security features. PTA took an initiative to conduct an on-ground check of BVS devices in the market for which, services of a 3rd Party vendor were sought. After thorough study, hardware and software specifications, Live Fingerprint Detection (LFD) functionality and device communication & physical security parameters were checked during the exercise. On the basis of activity observations/recommendations, the SOP for SIM sale and verification has been revised by PTA and the same is currently being finalized in consultation with stakeholders. Public Wifi PTA has recently laid down the regulations on "Data Retention of Internet extended to WiFiHotspots" aimed to expand wifi access on public places. These regulations are for the access providers and class licensing registration licensees with the mandate to register, maintain and retain information of person(s) using data services through Wi-Fi Hotspot at public places. The owners of public Wi-Fi Hotspot are required under these regulations to maintain a log of information of the users for ‘minimum six months’. We expect that service provider will be able to provide wifi services all across the country on public places that would be helpful for consumer to remain connected all the time. 224
257. Transport and Communication Re-designed Complaint Management System PTA has launched a new official mobile responsive consumer complaint management system in November 2018 . The aim of the re-designed system is to provide ease and facilitation to the general public for lodging of online complaints through user-friendly interface. The system will resolve complaints within the stipulated turn-around time and consumers will also be able to check the online status of submitted complaints though centralized automated application. Consumers can lodge their complaints by providing necessary required information. The web system is also mobile responsive and user can easily access it through their mobile devices. Fund raising for Diamer Bhasha and Mohmand Dam Honorable Supreme Court of Pakistan took initiative to raise funds for construction of Diamer Bhasha and Mohmand Dam and vide its order dated 11th July 2018 directed to setup a Toll Free number and short code for fund raising through donations. Accordingly, PTA issued instructions to operators and extensive coordination among operators and Honorable Supreme Court of Pakistan was made for smooth functioning of the system. Under the arrangement, people can send SMS to 8000 to donate Rs. 10/- for Dams construction under which CMOs have collected so far an amount of Rs. 146.4 million through donations. Further PTA issued instructions to NTC, PTCL and all other operators to make SBP’s UAN 021-111-727-273 as Toll Free. It happened first time that a UAN was made Toll Free with necessary technical and billing adjustments at the end of each FLL, CMO and WLL in Pakistan. Table 13.16: FLL and WLL Subscribers Financial Year Telephones (FLL & WLL) 2013-14 5,231,731 2014-15 3,931,296 2015-16 3,295,169 2016-17 2,986,310 2017-18 2,884,889 Mar-19 2,798,606 Note: FLL and WLL Subscribers as of December 2018 Broadband Connections (Mobile& Fixed) 3,795,923 16,885,518 40,147,991 44,586,733 58,339,814 68,244,373 Mobile Phones 139,974,754 114,658,434 133,241,465 139,758,116 150,238,653 159,024,257 Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA) is now in its 17th years and during these years, the country has witnessed unprecedented growth in the number of TV channels and FM Radio stations as well as distribution networks i.e. cable TV, IPTV and MMDS in the private sector in the South Asian region. The private electronic media has come a long way since 2002 when Pakistan was only dominated by the state-run Pakistan Television and Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation. Now with almost 88 Pakistani electronic media channels and more than 37 channels with landing rights permission in Pakistan, the role of PEMRA has never been more important. This boom is owed to the government’s unequivocal commitment to a free media and the proactive role played by PEMRA in facilitating the growth of the electronic media. The growth of TV channels, Cable TV and launch of FM Radio stations has indeed contributed remarkably in raising the standards of public awareness and literacy, locally and portraying progressive image of Pakistan, globally. A glance at the following facts and figures on licensing of media amply substantiates growth, which has taken place in electronic media in private sector in the last seventeen years: 225
258. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Licensing Status : Table 13.17: Licensing Status Satellite TV Licences Issued: i. News & Current Affairs: ii. Entertainment: iii. Regional Languages; iv. Specialized Subject : v. Health: vi. Sports: vii. Agriculture: FM Radio Licences Issued: i. Commercial: ii. Non Commercial: Cable TV Licences Issued: Landing Rights Permissions Issued: Mobile TV (Video & Audio Content Provision) Service Licensing: Internet Protocol TV (IPTV) Licences Issued: Licensing During July 2018– March 2019 Table 13.18: Licensing During March 2019 88 26 37 18 04 01 01 01 240 182 58 4,007 37 July 2018– Number of licenses i. Landing Rights Permission to TV 06 Channels Category ii. FM Radio Licenses 14 iii. Cable TV Licenses 609 a). New Licenses b). Renew 5 5 193 416 iv). Internet Protocol TV (IPT) Distribution Service Licenses 02 v). Mobile TV (Video & Audio Content Provision) Service Licensing 01 Financial Contributions Besides collecting advance tax from licensees at the time of issuance of licenses and their renewal, PEMRA, has deposited significant amounts in the federal consolidated fund, year wise detail is as under: Table 13.19: Financial Contributions of PEMRA Financial Year Fines & Penalties (in Rupees) 2012-2013 2,986,800 2013-2014 1,894,750 2014-2015 22,746,500 2015-2016 6,588,000 2016-2017 25,983,500 2017-2018 11,161,999 2018-2019 upto Feb-2019 3,187,000 Total 74,548,549 Surplus (in Rupees) 8,337,636 205,537 20,077,535 481,304 5,287,295 390,912 34,780,219 Total (in Rupees) 11,324,436 2,100,287 42,824,035 7,069,304 31,270,795 11,552,911 3,187,000 109,328,768 Economic Contribution Media landscape of the country has grown manifold over the last few years. This sector is contributing significantly in building broadcasting apparatus in the major cities of Pakistan and generating sizeable jobs opportunities for the youth, aspirant to pursue carrier in electronic media. Over the period cumulative investment of approximately U.S. dollar 3.5 billion has been estimated in electronic media industry of Pakistan. The sector is providing employment to more than 200,000 people in the field of journalism, management and technical. New licensing of Direct-to-Home (DTH), satellite TV channels, FM radios, teleport services would contribute in accommodating youth in different fields. In this regard, 3 licences for launching DTH in Pakistan have been approved by the authority. One of the company i.e. M/s. Shahzad Sky Pvt. Ltd. will start its operations by end of this year. Moreover, new licences 226
259. Transport and Communication would inject investment of approximately US $2 billion in various projects. PEMRA being the regulator for electronic media is exploring news regimes for licensing such rating services, OTT (Over the Top), Teleporting etc. which would generate more job opportunities for the people in Pakistan. Pakistan Television Corporation Limited At present PTV is operating 7 multiple channels like PTV Home, PTV News, PTV Sports, PTV Global, PTV National, PTV Bolan and PTV World. Pakistan Television covers 100 percent area of population on terrestrial network. Modernization of Camera and Production Equipment of PTV The old electronic equipment of one studio each at PTV Centre Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad, Peshawar and Quetta has been planned to be replaced with state of the art and technically updated equipment. A package of Rs 555.590 million has already been accorded by the government through PSDP program. No of registered TV sets holders as on 31st March, 2019 are: - 19,138,693 Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation is one of the most important and effective electronic media organization for the projection of governmental policies and aspirations of the people of Pakistan at home and abroad. It aims to provide information, education and entertainment to the masses through radio news and programs of high standard. It also counters adverse foreign propaganda and negative perceptions. Radio is playing significant role in promoting islamic ideology and national unity with the principles of democracy, freedom, equality, tolerance and social justice. It promotes national and local languages, culture and value. It also helps in discouraging sectarianism, provincialism and terrorism. An amount of Rs. 4,552,847,980/-budget was allocated to PBC to meet the employee’s related as well as operational expenditure for the year 2018-19 including Rs. 402,557,980/- as supplementary grant for pending liabilities of Pay/Pension/House Hiring/Operating Expenses. 1. Revival of Radio Pakistan PBC emphasized revival of broadcast catering to the needs and aspirations of the masses. Some of the measures for revival of PBC include: i. The construction of new building of broadcasting house at Dera Ismail Khan has been completed by Pak. PWD and functioning from 08.11.2018 ii. Establishment of a new vibrant and popular music channel “Dhanak” iii. Re-broadcast of classic and famous radio dramas of the past iv. Broadcast of special programs to pay tribute to legendary personalities v. Radio Talent Hunt Shows for introduction of new, young and talented voices vi. Music concerts to promote new singers and artists across the country 2. Special Audience Programs PBC is addressing all segments of society and special audiences as well i.e. women, youth, children, labourer etc. to increase the scale of awareness about women & children health, education, security, social & legal rights, women empowerment issues etc. are also disseminated. 227
260. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 3 . Audience Participated Programs Audience participated music/children/youth/farmers/women programs are being arranged and broadcast in financial year 2018-19. 4. Introducing New Radio Formats New Radio formats like radio shows, youth shows, road shows, morning/ evening/ night chitchat shows with phone-in, SMS/ phone request show, popular music & light musical programs have been launched from FM-93, FM-94 and FM-101. 5. Pakistan Day and Independence Day Celebration Programs: PBC broadcast special programs in Urdu and all regional languages, special programs in connection with Pakistan Day and Independence Day 23rd March and 14th August from all stations and channels. These programs included talks, features, documentaries, national songs, and interviews of workers of Pakistan Movement, extracts from speeches of Quaid-e-Azam, dramas, special azadi shows, extensive lectures, seminars and mushaira. 6. Saut-ul-Quran Channel/Network Recitation from the Holy Quraan and translation is aired from the Saut-ul-Quran Channel 19 hours daily to meet religious aspirations and love for Islam by the masses. 7. Special Programs with Rabi-ul-Awwal – 1440 Hijri (2018) Special programs of around 205 hours were aired from 1st to 12th Rabi-ul-Awwal-1440 Hijri, which included special annual naat competition, provincial naat competitions in regional languages, live broadcast of National Seerat Conference, messages of the President, Prime Minister, Federal Ministers I&B and Religious Affairs and Interfaith Harmony, Naats, Features, Naatia Mushairas, Mahafil-e-Millad, Seminars etc. Pakistan Post Office Pakistan Post Office playing a vital role in the economic and social development of Pakistan through postal services broadly categorized as domestic and international postal services, financial services, savings bank, postal life insurance and agency functions such as collection of utility bills, payment of military pension, collection of provincial taxes, disbursement of funds under the Benazir Income Support Program (BISP) on behalf of federal and provincial government departments. Pakistan Post’s Recent Initiatives Pakistan Post has recently taken important initiatives to provide the most efficient postal services to the people of Pakistan. The detail is under: Same Day Delivery Service The same day delivery services aims to facilitate the delivery of packets, documents within the city. Consignment is delivered the same day if booked before noon. The service was launched in November 2018 in 26 cities and would be extended to other cities in future. Electronic Money Order (EMO)(Home Delivery) EMO (Home Delivery) was launched in November 2018. An amount up to Rs. 50,000/- is delivered at the doorstep. The service is available through 83 General Post Offices (GPOs)EMO allows women and elderly to receive money at doorsteps without visiting post offices 228
261. Transport and Communication EMS (Plus) Pakistan Post has launched a specialized service for export sector. It aims to ensure delivery of parcel and packets worldwide in 72 hours. EMS Plus is modeled to compete with local and international courier companies. Rates are competitive with real time track and trace facility. The service will bring down business cost for small and medium exporters Pakistan Post E-Shop This initiative was launched in February 2019 to capitalize the fast growing E-commerce sector. Pakistan Post created its own web portal to register partners through launching of Pakistan Post Online E-Shop which offers partnership for delivery, collection and return services, counter booking and co-branding in selling products. Pakistan Post has registered 580 partners to date and more than 21000 packets have been booked and delivered. Partnership with NADRA Pakistan Post and NADRA have signed an agreement for “Renewal / Modification of CNIC through Post Offices” on 20th June, 2017. Pilot project was launched in 10 POs & extended to 100 Pos. It will be extended to other 1000 postal locations. An amount of rupees one million is earned as revenue. This initiative has facilitated people in remote areas. Expansion of Franchise Post Offices with NADRA Pakistan Post has partnered with NADRA to offer postal and financial services through 15000 NADRA outlets. This will add to 12,000 postal locations, further expanding postal footprints in the country. This will allow Pakistan Post to use NADRA I.T solutions and e-Sahulat platform to deliver its remittance services digitally International Remittances Pakistan Post is partnering with National Bank to join Pakistan Remittance Initiative (PRI) for the delivery of international remittances through post offices. Under PRI, the oversees workers will send their remittances free of services charges. Pakistan Post will make payments through its postal counters. Service will be initially launched in 256 post offices, which will gradually be expanded to more than 3,000 locations Improvement of Pakistan Post Complaint Management System (CMS) Pakistan Post already has a Complaint Management System (CMS) connecting all controlling and field offices across the country. Pakistan Post has also modified the process of following the overflow of Pakistan Citizen Portal (PCP). The responsibility has been decentralized that has enhanced efficiency. Counter Automation System Over one hundred GPOs, including renovated post offices / sub offices throughout Pakistan, have already been provided with counter computerization facility for the better service quality to the customers through a LAN based system. Centralized Software Solution For Financial Services Pakistan Post is disbursing pension to more than 1.33 million pensioners of Defense Force during the year 2018-19 through its wide network of Post Offices. Pakistan Post introduced Complaints Management System (CMS) for handling complaints of Military Pensioners through mobile/Email on priority basis. 229
262. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Computerized Pension Payment System Over 1 .4 million pensioners have been drawing pension from Pakistan Post through computerization of military pension payment system, which is available at all GPOs. The pensioners are receiving the pension in a hassle free environment. Pakistan Post is also disbursing pension to over 40,000 PTCL pensioners every month. In an effort to streamline payment of pension to PTCL pensioners, Pakistan Post has developed a separate system for PTCL pension disbursement. The same has been rolled out over to 83 GPOs. Achievements of Postal Saving Bank Pakistan Post is doing Savings Bank Business as an agent of the Ministry of Finance on commission under Savings Bank Act 1873. Finance Division is paying commission on Savings Bank work @ 0.5 percent Savings Certificates are issued under Post Office National Savings Certificates Act 1917 and National Savings Certificate Ordinance 1944. More than three thousand post offices are providing the following Savings Bank services to the people of Pakistan:  Savings Bank Ordinary Accounts.  Special Savings Accounts.  Defence Savings Certificates.  Special Savings Certificates.  Regular Income Certificates. a) The progress of Savings Bank during the period from 01-07-2018 to 31-12-2018 is as under:Table 13.20: Progress of Savings Bank i Total Number of Accounts on 31-12-2018 ii Total closing balance on 31-12-2018 iii Total commission on 31-12-2018 2,151,017 186,479.061 million 141.044 million b) Field offices of Pakistan Post are playing a vital role in mobilization of financial resources through savings bank schemes. Savings Bank data has also been shifted from manual ledger to Centralized Software Solution (CSS), which has added value to the business. Computerized PTCL Pension Payment System i. The Pakistan Telecommunications Employees Trust (PTET) in a joint effort with Pakistan Post has developed Computerized PTCL Pension Disbursement System. This system facilitates the GPOs for the particulars and amount of payment of each & every pensioner. ii. This system eliminates the manual filing of pension payment form (No. Code-15) voucher and now the same is auto generated by the system. iii. The System automatically updates the record of PTET, once the payment of pension is disbursed to the PTCL pensioner. iv. Disbursement software of PTCL pension has been deployed at GPOs. Western Union Money Remittance Business During the first six months (July to December) of the last fiscal year 2017-18 and current fiscal year 2018-19 Pakistan Post Office Department has received the foreign remittance as noted below: 230
263. Transport and Communication Table 13 .21: Western Union Money Remittance Business S. No. Period US$ received in State Bank of Pakistan 1 July-2017 to December 2017 34,666,740 2 July-2018 to December-2018 33,066,904 Equivalent Amount received in Pak Rupees from SBP (Rs. In millions) 3,670.298 4,256.478 Benazir Income Support Program (BISP) A complete web-enable tracking and monitoring system for disbursement of funds for Benazir Income Support Program (BISP) has been evolved that includes continuous processing, monitoring and reconciliation of the specialized money orders scheme. The same is implemented at all 83 automated GPOs throughout Pakistan. Over, 49.447 million money orders have been issued up to 31st December, 2018 and an amount of around Rs. 139.214 billion has been disbursed. During the first six months (July-2018 to December-2018) of the current Financial Year 2018-2019 total 174,431 BISP Money Orders along with required funds for Rs. 837.089 million were received from BISP authorities, out of which 93 percent Money Orders amounting to Rs.331.095 million have been paid within prescribed period of time. International postal services Pakistan Post has mail links with all countries of the world except Israel. Exchange of mail is carried out under rules and regulations of the Universal Postal Union. Direct mail links exists with 72 countries and rest of the mail is exchanged by utilizing the transit facilities of intermediary countries. Achievements in International Postal Services Pakistan Post received more volume of mail than it dispatches for delivery. Thus, it always remains net-creditor. Pakistan Post received an amount of Rs.26.138 million during the period from July 2018 to January 2019 on account of Terminal Dues for imbalance of international mails received from and dispatched to other countries. First Micro Finance Banking (FMFB) Pakistan Post has earned Rs. 4.418 million during the period from July to March 2019 through commission on disbursement/recovery of First Micro Finance Bank (FMFB) loan services/space provided to the FMFB operations. Detail break up is as under: July 2018 – March 2019 FMFB Loan Disbursement FMFB Loan Recovered = = PPO Commission on Disbursement Recoveries and Rent Charges = Total Revenue Earned = 280.100 million 386.173 million 4.418 million 4.418 million Postal Life Insurance (PLI) The updates about Postal Life Insurance for the period from July, 2018 to December, 2018 is appended below:- 231
264. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Fresh Policies : No of Fresh Policies Issued Fresh Premium Income Sum Assured Enforced Policies: = = = 7,391 217.460 million 2,990.874 million No of Policies Premium Income Sum Assured Philately: = = = 441,605 2,547.433 million 78,312.680 million The following Commemorative Postage Stamps have been issued for the period from July-2018 to December-2018. Table 13.22: Commemorative Postage Stamps 1 70 Years of Excellence State Bank of Pakistan 2 Kashmir Martyr’s Day (Atrocities in IOK) 3 100 Years of Mama Parsi Girls Secondary School Karachi 4 Jamsheed Marker Ex-Ambassador 5 10th International Defence Exhibition and Seminar IDEAS-2018 6 International Anti Corruption Day arranging Message “United against Corruption for prosperous Pakistan” 7 Silver Jubilee Celebration GhulamIshaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology (1993-2018) 8 50 Years of Crescent Model Higher Secondary School, Lahore (1968-2018) 01-07-2018 13-07-2018 24-07-2018 24-11-2018 27-11-2018 09-12-2014 Rs. 8/Rs. 8/Rs.8/Rs. 8/Rs. 8/Rs.10/- 24-12-2018 Rs. 8/- 26-12-2018 Rs.8/- Number of Post Office as on 2018-19 Table 13.23: No. of Post Offices The requisite summary of Rural & Urban Post Offices is as under:- Urban 2046 232 Rural 8450 Total 10496
265. CHAPTER 14 Energy Energy is an integral part of the economic order of Pakistan because energy demand and economic growth share a tight bond . Pakistan is overcoming a severe energy crisis that has directly and indirectly affected all sectors of the economy especially in terms of the evolving energy-mix. The energy side bottlenecks have corroded the economy of the country in the past as well. To fix such congestions and bottlenecks for the smooth delivery of energy services, massive projects with great political optics were incorporated to the supply side in between years 2013-18, adding a cumulative capacity of 12,230 MW. Although the added capacity has helped ease the bottlenecks at generation side, yet the transmission and distribution side congestion and inefficiencies has hampered the sustained delivery of energy services. Additionally, the higher energy prices in the current times as well as in the near future, are a bi-product of such aggressive capacity additions during 2013-18. Prime Minister (PM) formed task force on Energy to propose immediate, medium and long-term policy interventions with the aim to provide indigenous, affordable and sustainable energy for all. Further, National Transmission and Dispatch Company (NTDC) has prepared and submitted Indicative Generation Capacity Expansion Plan (IGCEP) 2018-40 to National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA), the electricity regulator. This expansion plan is a part of the Integrated Energy Plan, which will include power, as well as petroleum demand and supply plans until 2047. Such evidence based policy instruments and documents are momentous achievements for the entire power sector of Pakistan. The plan envisaged transformation of power generation sector from thermal production to renewables and nuclear power. In this context, looking ahead until 2047 one can learn a lot from the previous few decades of primary energy supplies and how the energy mix of Pakistan has evolved over time. In term of energy-mix, Pakistan reliance on oil reached 43.5 percent in FY1998 and FY2001. For the FY2018, oil reliance has reduced to 31.2 percent. Similarly, hydro had a 13.1 percent share in FY1998, which is standing at 7.7 percent in 2017-18. Though the declining share of oil is a welcoming sign due to less burden on the national exchequer, the diminishing share of hydro represents the shortsightedness of policy as well as the inability of successive governments to undertake such capital-intensive projects in a timely manner. Pakistan dependence on natural gas reached an all-time high of 50.4 percent in FY2006 in the overall energy mix. For the FY2018, reliance on gas has reduced to 34.6 percent. This reduction of share in the energy mix is somewhat attributed to declining natural gas reserves as well as restricted consumption of gas in the transport industry and the induction of LNG since 2015. The share of imported LNG has increased from 0.7 percent in FY2015 to 8.7 percent in FY2018, which represent a magnanimous increase of the said fuel in an energy mix. The share of coal has remained in single digit percentages over the last two decades. However, this FY2018 has recorded a high of 12.7 percent coal consumption in the energy mix. Likewise, the share of renewables was recorded to be 0.3 percent in the year FY2015, which was steadily increased to 1.1 percent in FY2018. The share of nuclear on the other side has steadily increased to 2.7 percent in FY2018 compared to 0.2 percent in FY1997. Such historical variability for each energy source in the energy mix of the country has been used to formulate the Integrated Energy Plan. The Integrated Energy Plan will not only help in
266. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 envisioning the energy demands and respective supply paths of the future but also to formulate evidence based long term policy options . Global and Regional Perspective A look at International Energy Agency (IEA) Global Energy forecast (World Energy Outlook 2018) highlights that the fastest energy growth will occur in Africa followed by Middle East and then Asia Pacific. The next in line is the Central and South America, which will experience tremendous growth. In contrast, electricity demand in Europe and North America are each expected to increase much lesser but still be in positive account with regard to a double-digit growth. Regionally, primary energy demand in the Asia Pacific region is expected to grow by over 40% to 2040, based on the IEA’s central scenario, accounting for two-thirds of the global growth. China’s blue sky policy, the enforcement of coal-to-gas switching, and the structural shifting in China’s economy to a consumer base from an industrial base; all represent the shifting trends of the regional market leader. In the western world, the increase in energy demand due to higher living standards is offset by energy efficiency gains borne by the use of energy efficient technology and energy conserving programs and policies. Thus, global energy supply is seeing a shift towards renewable energy growth and a transitioning and resilient grid. The developed countries are restructuring their energy systems to integrate distributed energy in general and renewable energy in particular, with visible changes being made on the technological front through switching to low carbon technology to mitigate and adapt to the climate change. Vision of the government: A broader picture Pakistan energy requirements are increasing rapidly. The government is focused to ensure availability and security of sustainable supply and delivery of energy service along with the development of natural resources and minerals. Ensuring energy security with affordability and universal access based on indigenous resources is the goal of the current government. Pakistan is blessed with enormous hydro and coal potential, which, if carefully exploited, can ensure our future energy security on long-term basis. Utilizing distributed resources in indigenous capacity while meeting the demands of volatile economic sine curves of growth and development, require a perspective of sustainable energy utility with resilience and adaptive capacity at core and at large. The Ministry of Energy is tasked with expansion in the capacity of delivering energy, requiring supporting expansion in the transmission infrastructure for evacuation of the power. The government has encouraged local and foreign investment in the generation, transmission and distribution supply chains of the delivery of service to fuel the economy. Anti-theft campaign The immediate focus of the government has remained on reducing the losses and increasing effectiveness of the whole value chain. Launch of Anti-theft campaign with the formation of special task forces in Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has been launched since 13th October, 2018. Within a short span of 3 months (September to November 2018). A total of 6880 cases were detected resulting in registration of 1441 FIRs with the amount of detection bill charged reaching PKR 267.571 Million. Power Division, Ministry of Energy has given a target to DISCOs to recover PKR 80 billion from old receivables while freezing the receivable figures as they stood on 31st October 2018. Further, DISCOs have been given a target to recover another PKR 60 billion by controlling theft and improving governance and efficiency. 234
267. Energy Activities boosting the efficiency of governance of the power sector has already started across Pakistan and showing positive results . Reducing losses, increasing efficiency and recovering the receivables provides much needed financial cushion to the already burdened power sector with subsidies. Along with other subsidies; Industrial support package (ISP) subsidy has been continued at PKR 3 per unit for industries while for five main exports oriented industries (zero rated industry), the tariff has been capped at the rate of US cents 7.5 per unit for electricity and USD 6.5 per MMBTU for RLNG. The government’s support to Industrial sector aims to boost the manufacturing activity and help to enhance exports of value added products. It also aims to stimulate economic activity leading to greater job opportunities in the country. Additionally for our vulnerable farmers, agricultural tube well subsidy in Baluchistan has been extended until the end of calendar year 2019 while for the rest of the country the subsidy has been extended at a lesser rate of 5.35 PKR per unit. The activities aimed at improving efficiency and reducing losses of the power sector, in the long run, will help in setting off of the impact of Industrial support package (ISP) subsidy, thus providing more flexibility to the national exchequer. The government has a policy understanding of proconsumer tariff determination and on war footing has also released PKR 130 billion as subsidy for the agriculture and industrial sectors along with tariff differential subsidy. As far as reducing losses and increasing effectiveness are concerned, advance technology is to be deployed as a policy measure. As such, advanced metering infrastructure is being launched with the help of $ 400 Million committed for the first phase by Asian Development Bank (ADB). Customer Complaint Management System has resolved 81,174 out of the 82,189 received complaints. Removing the constraints for efficient transmission, the ministry has identified 40 major areas and has divided the respective work into different phases. In addition to reducing losses, a massive sum of taxpayer money is being spent on the subsidy of 30,000 tube wells in the province of Baluchistan. A feasibility is being undertaken on the prospects of solarization of agri-tube wells thus providing off grid solutions and reducing the burden on taxpayers. Long-term Policy frameworks for renewable energy, national electricity planning and forecasting the demands of energy until 2047 is being done for 100 Pakistan. Generation Capacity and Energy Mix Oil-based power generation plants which remained the face of the power sector of Pakistan for over three decades, have been planned to be phased out over the next few years and it is expected that the share of furnace oil-based energy will decline to single digit percentage in the overall energy mix in the coming years. On the other hand, Pakistan has large indigenous coal reserves estimated at over 186 billion tons which are sufficient to meet the energy requirements of the country on long-term basis. Apart from indigenous coal resources, there has been significant increase in import of coal as well due to commissioning of new power plants based on imported coal at Sahiwal and Port Qasim. However, domestic production of coal is expected to increase in the coming years with projects on Thar coal. Hydropower plants are considered one of the most capital intensive projects and for a country like Pakistan, it is not possible to undertake such big projects without the financial support of international development agencies — a fact which brings in its own share of peculiarities and challenges. During July - March FY2019, installed capacity of electricity reached 34,282 MW, which was 33,433 MW in corresponding period last year, thus, posting a growth of 2.5 percent. Although electricity generation varies due to availability of inputs and other constraints, the generation increased from 82,011 GWh to 84,680 GWh, posting a growth of 2.1 percent during the period under discussion. Figure-1 gives the comparison of installed capacity (MW) and generation (GWh). 235
268. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Fig-1 : Comparison of installed capacity (MW) and generation (GW/h) Installed Capacity (MW) Generation (GWh) 87,324 34,282 34,400 87,500 34,200 87,000 34,000 33,600 85,552 86,500 33,800 33,433 86,000 33,400 85,500 33,200 85,000 33,000 84,500 2017-18 2018-19 2017-18 July - March 2018-19 July - March Source: Ministry of Energy, Hydrocarbon Development Institute of Pakistan (HDIP) Share in Electricity Generation As far as the share of different sources of electricity generation is concerned, it can be observed that the share of hydro in electricity generation has decreased over the last few decades. Availability of water is also one of the main reason for reduced generation from hydel power plants. Currently, thermal has the largest share in electricity generation. Gas and RLNG are other cheaper sources. RLNG tremendous growth in energy mix has helped supply the demand to various power plants (Bhikki, Haveli Bahadur Shah, Balloki, Halmore, Orient, Rousch, KAPCO, Saif and Sapphire) while, the remaining was supplied to fertilizer plants, industrial and transport sector. As an alternate, the government showed commitment for electricity generation capacity through renewable energy sources. During July - March FY2019, there was an increase of 1 percent in share of renewables in electricity generation, and it is expected that the share will increase in coming years as well. The comparison of share of different sources of electricity generation is given in Figure-2: Fig–2: Share in Electricity Generation 65.0 Percentage Share (%) 70 62.1 60 July-March FY2018 July-March FY2019 50 40 30 24.4 25.8 20 7.7 10 8.2 2.9 3.9 0 Hydroelectric Thermal Nuclear Renewable Source: Ministry of Energy, Hydrocarbon Development Institute of Pakistan (HDIP) Electricity Consumption Regarding consumption pattern, there is no significant change in the consumption pattern of electricity. However, during July-March FY 19, the share of household and agriculture in electricity consumption has been decreasing which is indicating that people are trying to rationalize the usage 236
269. Energy due to increase in its tariff . The increase in the share of industry in electricity consumption is a positive sign showing revival of industry which was suffering earlier due to load shedding. The comparison between consumption patterns of electricity during July - March FY2019 with corresponding period last year is shown below in Fig-3: Fig-3: Share in Electricity Consumption 51 60 July -March FY2018 July -March FY2019 48 50 40 25 30 8 20 27 10 8 9 10 0 Household Commercial Industry Agriculture Source: Ministry of Energy, Hydrocarbon Development Insititute of Pakistan (HDIP) Oil (Petroleum Product) Pakistan mainly depends upon oil and gas resources to fulfill energy requirements. The domestic production of crude oil remained 24.6 million barrels during July - March FY2019 compared to 21.8 million barrels during the corresponding period last year. Indigenous resources of oil are not enough to quench energy thirst of a growing economy. As a result Pakistan has to import large quantity of oil as well as oil based products from Middle Eastern countries especially from Saudi Arabia. During July - March FY2019, the quantity of crude oil imported remained 6.6 million tones with value of US $ 3.4 billion compared to the quantity 7.8 million tones with value US $ 2.9 billion during the same period last year. The decline was mainly due to increase in international prices. The deferred payment on imported oil from Saudi Arabia will give an ease to the government on balance of payments. Transport and power are the two major users of oil. During July - March FY2019, share of oil consumption in transport increased to 77 from 56 percent during the same period last year, while share of oil consumption in power decreased to 14 percent during July - March FY2019 which was 25 percent during the same period last year. Mainly, gas being the cheaper source, there is continuous shift of power sector from oil to gas. The indigenous and imported crude is refined by six major and two small refineries. Efforts to bring improvement in existing refineries as well as attracting foreign investment in this sector include but are not limited to:  Byco Oil Pakistan Limited (Byco) has established an Oil Refinery at Hub, Balochistan with refinery capacity of 120,000 Barrel Per Day (5 million tons/annum) at cost of US$ 400 million. Byco has also installed Single Buoy Mooring (SBM) facilities for transportation of imported Crude Oil and petroleum products from ships to the storages tanks. The capacity of said facility is 12 M. tons per annum.  Attock Refinery Limited (ARL) has started producing Euro-II (0.05 % Sulphur HSD) Further, the refinery has also installed isomerization plant and enhanced the production of Motor Gasoline. 237
270. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19  Pakistan Refinery Limited (PRL) has also installed isomerization plant in 2016 and since then has doubled its production of Motor Gasoline.  Pak Arab Refinery Limited (PARCO) is implementing PARCO Coastal Refinery project at Khalifa Point, near Hub, Balochistan, which is a state of the art refinery having capacity of 250,000 barrels per day (over 11 Million tons per annum). Estimated cost of the project is over US$ 5 billion. Natural Gas Natural Gas is a clean, safe, efficient and environment friendly fuel. Its indigenous supplies contribute about 38% in total primary energy supply mix of the country. Pakistan has an extensive gas network of over 12,971 Km Transmission 139,827 KM Distribution and 37,058 Services gas pipelines to cater the requirement of more than 9.6 Million consumers across the country. Government of Pakistan is pursuing its policies for enhancing indigenous gas production as well as imported gas to meet the increasing demand of energy in the country. At present, the capacity of two Floating Storage and Regasification Unit (FRSU) to Re-gasified Liquefied Natural Gas (RLNG) is 1200 MMCFD and accordingly RLNG is being imported to mitigate gas demand-supply shortfall. The average natural gas consumption was about 3,865 Million Cubic Feet per day (MMCFD) including 785 MMCFD volume of RLNG during July 2018 to February 2019. During July 2018 to February 2019, the two Gas utility companies (SNGPL & SSGCL) have laid 69 Km Gas Transmission network, 3,232 Km Distribution and 1,366 Km Services lines and connected 165 villages/towns to gas network. During this period, 428,305 additional gas connections including 425,404 Domestic, 2,770 Commercial and 131 Industrial were provided across the country. It is expected that Gas will be supplied to approximately 430,695 new consumers during the fiscal year 2019-20. Gas utility companies have planned to invest Rs. 7,161 Million on Transmission Projects, Rs. 48,288 Million on Distribution Projects and Rs. 18,556 Million on other projects bringing the total investment around Rs. 74 billion during the fiscal year 2019-20. For viable growth of this sector, Government has approved provision of RLNG to this sector with fiscal incentives of gas infrastructure development cess (GIDC) at the rate of zero and Sales Tax at the rate of five percent. Table – 1: Average Sector Wise Natural Gas Consumption in Million Cubic Feet per Day (Mmcfd) (July 2018 – Feb2019) Sector Gas Consumption in MMCFD RLNG Total Power 865 546 1,411 Domestic 889 889 Commercial 84 5 89 Transport (CNG) 136 47 183 Fertilizer 621 24 645 General Industry 485 163 648 Total 3,080 785 3,865 Source: Ministry of Energy, Directorate General Gas Nuclear Energy Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) is the sole department in Pakistan engaged in electricity generation using nuclear technology. There are five nuclear power plants operating on two sites in the country, one unit namely, Karachi Nuclear power plant (KANUPP) at Karachi and four units of Chashma Nuclear power plants (C-1, C-2, C-3, C-4) at Chashma (Mainwali District of Punjab Province). The gross capacity of these five nuclear power plants is 1,430 MW that supplied about 7,267 million units of electricity to the national grid during 1st July, 2018 to 31st March, 2019. 238
271. Energy KANUPP , the oldest of the nuclear power plants, has now completed 47 years of safe and successful operation. The four units of Chashma are amongst the best performing electricity generating plants in the country, in terms of endurance and availability. Some performance parameters of these operating plants are presented in the following table: Table 3: PAEC’s Performance Parameters Plant Capacity (MW) Gross KANUPP C-1 C-2 C-3 C-4 Total Source: PAEC 100 325 325 340 340 1,430 Net 90 300 300 315 315 1,320 Electricity sent to Grid (Million KWH) 1st July 2018 to Lifetime upto 31st March, 2019 31st March, 2019 88 14,472 1,501 37,129 1,926 17,888 1,822 5,646 1,930 3,695 7,267 78.830 There are two more units being constructed near the KANUP site Karachi, the Karachi Nuclear Power Plants-2 &3 (K-2 & 3). First concrete of K-2 was poured on the 20th August, 2015 and that of K-3 on the 31st May, 2016. Work on the construction of these nuclear power plants is progressing according to schedule and the K-2/K-3 plants are likely to complete on time. In FY2021, PAEC is planning to intensify its activities to meet the nuclear electricity generation target of 8,800 MW by the year 2030 set through government’s Energy Security Plan formulated in 2005. Completion of K2/K-3 project will be a big step that will bring PAEC 2,200 closer to achieving this target. PAEC is planning to develop additional sites to house more nuclear power plants in future with the sites identified throughout the country being investigated and acquired for development. Technical and engineering infrastructure is in place to support the existing, under construction and future nuclear power plants. This infrastructure is based on indigenous institutes imparting state of art training and education in all relevant disciplines and at all levels, from technical training to academic programs. Coal Massive energy resource in shape of coal exists in the country and further exploration in different areas is continued but only a fraction of it is being utilized. Shifting power generation to country's indigenous coal will help Pakistan gain momentum on the road to sustainable development. All four provinces have coal reserves but the significant deposits are located in Thar, Sindh. Coal mining currently being done in Balochistan, Sindh, Punjab and Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa mostly comprises small-scale operations. The country’s first large-scale coal mine (3.8 million tons per annum) alongwith integrated power generation plant (2x330 MW) has been recently made operational at Thar coalfield. The production and import data for the period from July 2018 to June, 2019 has been estimated for the first half of this financial year. Details are tabulated as under: Financial Year Domestic Coal Production Million Million Tons TOE 4.30 1.92 5.50 2.46 2017-18 2018-19 (Estimated) Source: Ministry of Energy, Mineral Wing Coal Import Million Million Tons TOE 13.70 9.00 15.50 10.19 Total Supply Million Million Tons TOE 18 10.92 21.00 12.65 In coming years, local coal use should be promoted to achieve larger contribution. Thar coal utilization is accorded strategic importance. Many coal mining and power generation projects are in 239
272. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 process of development in Thar coalfield . Imported coal-fired power plants may also be required to consider mixing with Thar Coal. Spontaneous combustion is a potential problem for long distance transportation and long-term storage, and thus restricts Thar coal use as a downside. Clean Energy The Government of Pakistan is emphasizing on utilization of indigenous and environmentally clean energy generation resources. In this regard, the promotion of alternative and renewable technologies is amongst the top priorities of the Government. Several initiatives have been taken to create a conducive environment for the sustainable growth of the clean energy sector in Pakistan in order to harness the potential of indigenous renewable energy resources. The development of large scale grid connected renewable energy based power generation projects are being pursued through private investors. The following progress has been achieved on development of renewable energy based projects during the fiscal year 2018-19 so far:  Five (05) wind power projects of 246.6 MW capacity were completed and started supplying electricity to the national grid.  Two (02) bagasse cogeneration projects of 58 MW capacity were completed. In order to ensure sustainable supplies and energy security, the Government of Pakistan (GoP) is focusing on exploiting the abundant potential of wind and solar resources for power generation whilst keeping in view the best possible mode for benefiting with declining prices of renewable energy. Formulation of a new clean/renewable energy policy has been initiated with the aim of establishing a robust framework for creating a conducive environment for the sustainable growth of renewable and distributed energy resources in Pakistan. The GOP’s strategic objectives of Energy Security, Economic Benefits, Environmental Protection, Sustainable Growth and Social Equity with indigenous resources will further harnessed under the Renewable Energy Policy 2019. Apart from on-grid, large scale renewable based power projects, smaller renewable energy applications are also being promoted for lighting purposes, water pumping, heating and power generation etc. As such, distributed energy generation and its synchronization with the grid includes our way forward. Way forward Pakistan has successfully removed bottlenecks on the generation side of electricity during previous government. However, congestion, inefficiency and lack of infrastructure on the transmission and distribution side of the supply chain has hampered sustained delivery of electricity and energy services. Furthermore, such aggressive capacity additions are now a fundamental part of our energy pricing mechanisms of near and medium term future. Contextualizing the aggressive capacity additions of previous governments will help us guide our way forward in addressing the capacity payment issues of near to medium term future. Integrated Energy Plan, which details the demand projections from power as well as petroleum divisions, will help in foreseeing the evolving energy mix as well as keeping the focus on indigenous resources. Such detailed planning will help us avoid issues of circular debt and capacity payments for future with evidence based policy interventions. Foreseeing our energy mix and dependence of our energy security on indigenous resources will need to be synchronized with our international obligations under Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It is the focus of the GoP to provide sustainable energy for all. Furthermore, improvement of access to energy and off grid solutions will be provided to masses under the new renewable energy policy. 240
273. Energy For the sustainable provision of such services , market forces as well as policy levers need to be harmonized accordingly. As far as market forces are concerned, business models of energy services companies (ESCO) and sustainable energy utility (SEU) should be developed and incentivized. Such market forces should be encouraged since it will provide jobs to the masses. On the policy levers front, up-gradation and modernization of the grid is necessary. A transitioning grid is a reality among developing and developed economies, where distributed energy resources and advanced technology need to be incorporated and harmonized with the existing grid. Additionally, policy handles need to be designed and processed while transitioning from a single buyer model to competitive markets. Further segregation of distribution companies on the basis of rural and urban divide as well as for the ease of administration will help ease the burden on distribution chain of the electricity sector. Similarly, on regulatory fronts, further closer cooperation between regulatory authorities of petroleum and power is integral towards our path to advanced energy economics and further democratization of energy sector. 241
274. BLANK PAGE
275. CHAPTER 15 Social Protection Social protection schemes by the government help in mitigating vulnerability , reducing poverty, and providing affordable healthcare and insurance to low-income families. Constitution of Pakistan’s Article 38 (d) obligates the state “to provide basic necessities of life such as food, clothing, housing, education and medical relief to the needy irrespective of sex, caste, creed or race”. The present government’s vision for social protection is to develop an integrated and comprehensive social protection platform focused on the needs of the poorest and most vulnerable. Social Safety Nets (SSNs) are the core components of social protection which have emerged as an important policy option for reducing poverty. According to the World Bank Report on “The State of Social Safety Nets 2018”, more than 77 percent countries have opted Unconditional Cash Transfer (UCT) programs while 42 percent have implemented Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs. To achieve “No Poverty” by 2030 is a part of a comprehensive SDG Agenda-1 that calls to end (extreme) poverty in all its manifestations by ensuring social protection for the poor and vulnerable, increase access to basic services, and support people from economic, social, and environmental shocks. According to national definitions, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children from poverty in all dimensions by 2030. Over the last decades, Pakistan’s poverty headcount has witnessed a persistent decline both at national and regional levels as well as in urban and rural areas. In Pakistan, Cost of Basic Needs (CBN) approach is being used as the official measure of poverty. According to this approach, percentage of people living below poverty line has declined from 50.4 percent in 2005-06 to 24.3 percent in 2015-16 on the basis of well targeted poverty reduction programs. The present government has taken protecting the poor and marginalised society from economic, social and environment shocks as the priority agenda by expanding the coverage of social safety net programs beyond their traditional areas, streamlining the conditional cash transfers and establishing appropriate graduation programs. Various steps taken in this sector include:  Creation of a Poverty Alleviation Coordination Council to synergize the efforts of various organizations working for poverty alleviation in public and private sector, eliminate duplication and overlap, developing a framework to improve effectiveness and implementing plans for capacity building and performance enhancement of such organizations  Establishment of Poverty Alleviation and Social Safety Division  Opening the doors of socio-economic uplift through CPEC – signing MoU with China to learn from their experience in poverty reduction  Re-prioritizing PSDP allocations to focus more on pro-poor projects and the projects for less developed areas  Scaling up activities of BISP and Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund (PPAF), re-organizing Pakistan Bait ul Mal, to focus on poverty alleviation and asset transfer to the rural poor to graduate them out of poverty
276. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19  Approval of provision of $82.6 million funds (IFAD funded)as grant to PPAF for disbursement to 320,000 beneficiaries of BISP to help them graduate out of poverty  Micro-credits for low cost housing to provide shelter to the homeless and providing free of cost shelters for the poorest homeless  Employment creation through housing construction and increased access to microfinance under Prime Minister’s Naya Pakistan Housing Scheme  Expanding coverage of Prime Minister’s Health Insurance scheme through Sehat Insaf Card scheme to provide free medical treatment to approximately 80 million people. 12th Five year Plan 2018-2023- Road Map The (draft) 12th Five Year Development Plan (2018-23) also envisages a new direction towards a conducive macroeconomic environment with efficient financial markets, pro-poor taxation system, better governance and effective accountability that will provide resources and enabling conditions for poverty reduction strategy to bear fruits in the long run. The other three pillars of the Poverty Reduction Strategy are i) human resource development, ii) employment generation, and iii) integrated social protection system with appropriate safety nets for the poorest. The government has laid down the following important Targets/Milestones for the plan period:  Approval of the national framework for developing social protection policies to guide provinces in policy formulation  Reducing Cost of Basic Needs (CBN) based poverty from 24.3 percent in FY 2016 to 19.0 percent by 2023 while reducing multidimensional poverty headcount from 38.8 percent in FY 2015 to 30.0 percent during the plan period  Alignment of provincial social protection policies according to the provision in the national framework for developing social protection policies  Creation of database for vulnerable groups to ensure better targeting of poor  Enhancing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives to reduce poverty in consultation with corporate and private sector. A CSR framework would be compiled in collaboration with all stakeholders to expand outreach of CSR programs for poverty reduction The United Nations Development Program (UNDP)’s Human Development Report, 2018 ranks Pakistan at 150th out of 189 countries under the Human Development Index (HDI) based on Health (life expectancy at birth),Education ( Expected years of schooling) and Gross National Income (GNI) per capita. Pakistan’s HDI value is 0.562 out of 1 as against South Asia’s average HDI value of 0.638 and World’s average HDI value of 0.728. Overall, Pakistan has shown some progress in Human Development like other countries. However, this progress is very low when compared to other countries in South Asia. Country/ Region HDI Rank Human Development Index (HDI) Value Life Expectancy at Birth SDG 3 World 0.728 South Asia 0.638 Srilanka 76 0.770 China 86 0.752 India 130 0.640 Bangladesh 136 0.608 Pakistan 150 0.562 Source: UNDP Human Development Indices and Indicators-2018 244 72.2 69.3 75.5 76.4 68.8 72.8 66.6 Expected Years of Schooling SDG 4.3 12.7 11.9 13.9 13.8 12.3 11.4 8.6 Gross National Income (GNI) per capita (2011 PPP $) SDG 8.5 15,295 6,473 11,326 15,270 6,353 3,677 5,311
277. Social Protection Box-I : Launching of Ehsaas Program Prime Minister has launched a comprehensive Poverty Alleviation Program “Ehsaas” on 27th March, 2019 with its 4 focus areas and 155 policy actions to reduce inequality, invest in people and uplift lagging districts. Under this program, the government would allocate an additional amount of Rs.80 billion in the country’s social protection spending in the forthcoming budget 2019-20 that would be raised to Rs.120 billion in 2021. The program is for the extreme poor, orphans, widows, homeless, disabled, jobless, poor farmers, labourers, sick and undernourished; students from low-income backgrounds and for poor women and elderly citizens. This plan is also about lifting lagging areas where poverty is higher. Four pillars include: addressing elite capture and making the government system work to create equality; safety nets for disadvantaged segments of the population; jobs and livelihoods; and human capital development. The Prime Minister has also announced the establishment of a new Ministry of Social Protection/Poverty Alleviation to address the current fragmentation. Benazir Income Support Program, Pakistan Bait-ul-Mal, Zakat, Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund, Trust for Voluntary Organizations, the SUN Network, Centre for Social Entrepreneurship, Secretariats of the Poverty Alleviation Coordination Council and the Labor Expert Group would work under this ministry by developing a one-window operation for social protection of the poor and to facilitate citizens. A new constitutional amendment to move Article 38 (d) from the “Principles of Policy” section into the “Fundamental Rights” section will be made for provision of food, clothing, housing, education and medical relief for the citizens, who could not earn livelihood due to infirmity, sickness or unemployment, a state responsibility and it would be a first step towards the creation of a welfare state. Tracking the Pro-Poor Expenditures Fig-1: Pro-Poor Expenditures Table 15.1: PRSP Budgetary Expenditures by Sector Sectors 2013-14 Roads, Highways & Bridges 96,504 Environment / Water Supply and Sanitation 32,000 Education 537,598 Health 201,986 Population Planning 12,609 Social Security & Welfare** 93,481 Natural Calamities & Other Disasters 18,404 Agriculture 157,894 Land Reclamation 4,796 Rural Development 14,727 Subsidies 502,098 Low Cost Housing 676 Justice Administration 24,378 Law and Order 237,027 Total 1,934,178 Total as% age of GDP (2005-06 base) 7.7 3400 3000 2694.58 2600 2274.63 2200 1934.18 1800 1400 1000 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Years 2014-15 190,984 54,093 599,047 231,172 13,943 155,725 40,525 199,903 5,184 29,122 459,325 581 26,041 268,983 2,274,628 8.3 **: Social Security & Welfare includes the expenditure of BISP, SDGs and PBM. Source: Ministry of Finance, External Finance Policy Wing 245 3167.92 3027.42 Rs. Billion The government scrutinizes pro-poor expenditure in different sectors through the Medium Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) under PRSP-II program. Expenditure on these pro-poor sectors is showing increasing trend in absolute terms as well as percent of GDP. In 2013-14 it stood at 7.7 percent of GDP, 8.3 percent of GDP in 2014-15, 9.3 percent in 2015-16, 9.5 percent in 2016-17 , while slightly dropped to 9.2 percent of GDP in 2017-18 but in absolute terms increased to Rs 3,167.92 billion as shown in Table 15.1 below: 2015-16 397,506 63,554 663,356 267,953 10,894 173,532 59,204 239,019 4,601 37,419 437,087 460 33,255 306,738 2,694,578 9.3 (Rs million) 2016-17 2017-18 526,356 452,463 72,031 77,932 699,222 829,152 328,962 416,467 20,338 20,451 259,455 257,534 27,461 19,062 258,396 277,867 2,558 2,730 30,934 42,127 403,139 327,767 422 349 41,926 53,461 356,217 390,556 3,027,417 3,167,918 9.5 9.2
278. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Social Safety Programs Recognizing the need to protect the poor and the vulnerable , the government is carrying out several social safety net programs. The following social safety nets are the major initiatives to reinforce the government’s efforts to reduce the adverse effects of poverty on the poor: I. Benazir Income Support Program (BISP): BISP is a federal unconditional cash transfer Social Safety Net initiative of Government of Pakistan. Its long term objectives include meeting the targets set by Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to eradicate extreme & chronic poverty and empowerment of women through establishment of comprehensive social protection. BISP has a nationwide presence with headquarter in federal capital and 6 regional offices at provincial capitals, AJ&K and Gilgit-Baltistan. There are 6 regional, 34 divisional and 385 tehsil offices all across the country. BISP’s targeting performance falls in top five social safety net programs in the world. The quarterly cash grant has gradually been enhanced by the successive governments which currently stand at Rs. 5000/- per quarter per eligible beneficiary. The number of beneficiaries now stands at 5.8 million. Since inception, BISP has disbursed Rs 691.5 billion as cash transfers. BISP is following the path of automation and 98.5 percent of beneficiaries are being paid through technology based payment mechanisms. BISP financial achievements up to 15th April, 2019 are shown in the Table 15.2 below: Table-15.2: BISP Financial Achievements Financial Released Funds Transfer to Cash Grants Year Conditional Cash Un-conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) Transfer (UCT) 2008-09 15.32 0.04 15.81 2009-10 39.94 2.89 31.94 2010-11 34.42 5.30 29.66 2011-12 49.53 4.28 41.60 2012-13 50.10 3.17 43.30 2013-14 69.62 1.20 65.11 2014-15 91.78 0.45 88.59 2015-16 102.00 1.88 96.65 2016-17 111.50 2.27 102.10 2017-18 107.00 3.20 99.00 2018-19* 91.52 1.02 52.00 Total 762.73 25.7 665.76 *Till 15th April, 2019 Source: Benazir Income Support Program (BISP) Fig-2: Yearly Number of Beneficiaries 35.0 15.9 20 0 Financial Years * Allocation for 2018-19 246 Financial Years 2018-19 2018-19 2017-18 2016-17 2015-16 2014-15 2013-14 2012-13 2011-12 2010-11 2009-10 * Till 15th April, 2019 34.8 40 2017-18 1.8 0 45.9 46.5 60 2016-17 2.6 2015-16 3.1 2 102.2 66.3 80 2014-15 3.8 2013-14 5.2 2012-13 3.7 5.0 98.5 104.4 89.0 100 2011-12 4.6 3 5.6 5.8 * 2010-11 4 5.5 2009-10 5 124.7 * 120 2008-09 6 Cash Disbursement in Rs. billion 140 2008-09 Beneficiary Families in Million 1.76 2.58 3.10 3.68 3.75 4.64 5.05 5.21 5.46 5.63 5.78 - Fig-3: Yearly Cash Grants 7 1 Total (UCT+CCT) 15.85 34.83 34.96 45.88 46.47 66.31 89.04 98.53 104.37 102.2 53.02 691.46 Rs billion Number of Beneficiaries
279. Social Protection Conditional Cash Transfer (Waseela-e-Taleem): The program was started in October, 2012 to create access for beneficiaries to social and productive services being provided by organizations in both private and public sectors. The program encourages beneficiary families with children in age group of 4-12 years to send their out of school children to schools for primary education (and in school children to continue their education) in return for cash transfer with long-term prospects of human capital formation. The CCT involves a cash transfer of Rs. 250 per month paid quarterly (Rs.750 per child) for children of each beneficiary family in age bracket of 4-12 years in return for their compliance with co-responsibilities of school admissions and a minimum of 70 percent quarterly attendance. As of April 2019, 3.1 million children have been enrolled and Rs. 9.8 billion has been disbursed for the said program. BISP Graduation Program: BISP developed a model namely BISP Graduation Model (BGM) to provide a low-cost, high impact and sustainable solution for their possible exit from the poverty trap, sensitive to the local context. The Graduation Program will enable beneficiaries to earn income, through self-employment, wage employment and Public Works Programs. BISP Graduation Model (BGM) is based on the premise that it would enable cash grants recipients to eventually transform into income earning individuals through self-employment and/or wage employment with skills development and hand holding. BGM combines elements of three distinct approaches, social protection, livelihoods development and financial inclusion to move households out of extreme poverty and into sustainable livelihoods. Business Incubation for Self Employment (BISE) Model: The key features of the BISE component of Graduation are as follows:  Profiling targeted households on their potential for self-employment, Agreement by the BISP beneficiary that UCT will continue for only 1-2 years to provide protection against risks, giving specific technical skill trainings and business development support to selected program beneficiaries, Transfer of assets to start economic activities, providing income generating grants (working capital) to help the poor set up their business and if the beneficiary fails to graduate, he/she will be re-entered in BISP UCT system after the expiry of the graduation agreement/contract, for implementing BISE component, 5 districts (Bahawalpur, Charsadda, Jacobabad, Nasirabad and Ketch) have been selected. Direct Cash Model: Direct Cash (DC) with business coaching for start-up businesses is based on premise that poor people can make economical rational investment decisions if they are provided some help for business development. Beneficiaries interested in this program will be asked to trade monthly Un-conditional Cash Transfer (UCT) payments they are entitled to in exchange for receiving a one-time lump-sum payment. The activities for implementing this PILOT program by visiting approximately 30,000 beneficiaries in Faisalabad and Chakwal pilot districts. Key features include beneficiary selection will be selected by balloting.  From amongst the participating beneficiaries, approximately half will receive a graduation offer; this will mainly depend on the readiness of the business  One Third of the participants (1000) will be asked for business plan and will be monitored. One third will only be provided cash with no requirements, for the research exercise  The costs for DC program will be financed from the remaining funds of the ADB project in support of BISP, which are about US$ 5.0 million  After the completion of the designated suspension time (3-4 years), and in case the business is not successful due to external risks (e.g. natural disasters or major unforeseen urgent family expenses for health), or other relevant changing conditions outside the business, the beneficiaries will be eligible for re-entry into BISP by undergoing a new survey similar to the National SocioEconomic Registry (NSER) that can be completed at the Tehsil Office. If they are found to be 247
280. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 under Proxy Means Test (PMT) cut-off as assessed by the survey, which may be subjected to an independent check to be determined later, they will be eligible to re-enroll into BISP  For implementing the DC component, Faisalabad and Chakwal from Punjab and Laki Marwat from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa have been selected  Impact Assessment of the DC model will be done by a team from Harvard, LSE and MIT which has agreed to do it on a separately financed basis (not paid by BISP)  The evaluations results of the pilots will be used to scale up the programs gradually and implement additional graduation programs as proposed under the Business Graduation Framework (BGF). Scaling up and broadening will however, depend on possible funding options. BISP intends to develop into a comprehensive federal agency for livelihood promotion and social protection for the poor, the preparation for scaling-up can start as soon as possible. BISP’s Engagement with Development Partners i). The World Bank: The International Development Association (IDA) provided a credit of $ 60 million to BISP for “Pakistan Social Safety Net TA Project” which was successfully concluded on 30th June 2017. The TA project supported the design of poverty scorecard and first ever comprehensive survey of the poor households. BISP received additional financing of $ 150 million for Pakistan Social Safety Net (PSSN) Project to launch a Co-responsibility Cash Transfer (CCT) program for primary education of children of BISP beneficiaries. The project is aimed to increase coverage of beneficiary families through delivery of cash grants and also co-responsibility Cash Transfers (CCT) attached with Disbursement Linked Indicators (DLIs) for primary education. BISP has successfully achieved in all 19 Disbursement Linked Indicators (DLIs) under World Band PSSN project. A new project titled “Pakistan National Social Protection Program (NSPP)” was launched on 28th April 2017 with a total amount of US$ 100 million and it will end on June 30, 2021. The main objective of this project is to strengthen BISP service delivery for helping the poor to enhance their human capital and access to complementary services. The funds under this project are released after fulfillment of benchmarks/targets under a Disbursement Linked Indicators (DLIs) regime. BISP has received an amount of $ 63 million till 30th June, 2018. ii). Department for International Development (DFID): DFID is supporting BISP to expand its cash transfers to eligible beneficiaries. Under Pakistan National Cash Transfer Program (PNCTP), DFID is providing up to GBP 300.3 million over a period of eight years from 2012 to 2020. Up to £279 million was results-based “non-budget support financial aid” to support expansion and systems strengthening of UCT and CCT programs. Overall performance rating of program was marked as “A”. Most of the milestones have either been met or exceeded expectations. Up to £21.3 million comprised of Technical Assistance (TA) intended to strengthen BISP systems and support dialogue on poverty reduction and policy reforms to enhance social protection for poor and vulnerable. DFID grant was made through a total of 18 DLIs, all of which have met the timelines agreed with the donor. The timely achievement of DLIs reflects the synergy between BISP and its development partners. DFID agreed with BISP on a new framework of 11 DLIs amounting to GBP £98.4 million to be achieved by March 2021. These DLIs pertains to usage of new NSER data for UCT disbursements, building and availability of dashboard for stakeholders to access NSER data, implementation of Biometric Verification System (BVS), capacity building of Tehsil offices, expansion of conditional Cash Transfer for primary education and increasing the number of BISP Beneficiaries Committee (BBCs) in Union Councils. iii). Asian Development Bank (ADB): BISP and ADB signed a new soft loan project of $430 million titled “Social Protection Development Project” in November 2013 till end June 2020. The 248
281. Social Protection project aimed to finance un-conditional cash transfer payments to newly enrolled beneficiaries for 10 quarters . Key Project deliverables include Cash transfer program expanded coverage for new beneficiaries, Health insurance program refined and rolled out Graduation, Skills development strengthened Program, Financial management and control system and policy research. Key Achievements of BISP  BISP received consistent political patronage form the successive governments due to its neutral/apolitical data. Starting from an allocation of Rs. 72 billion, BISP today is at Rs.124 billion budget cross-cutting Program  Successive governments remained receptive to the role BISP played in denting intergenerational poverty in Pakistan. The quarterly cash grant was gradually enhanced by successive governments which today stand at Rs. 5000/- per quarter  BISP is following the path of automation and 98.5 percent of beneficiaries are being paid through the Biometric Verification System (BVS)  BISP Endowment Fund (BEF) has been approved by BISP Board in its 29th meeting held on 29th January 2018. The core objective of BEF will be to cover BISP’s operational cost in periods of budgetary constraints besides financing of additional pro-poor schemes/initiatives as approved by Fund’s Board and financing on of any other activity decided by BISP Board  A Center of Excellence is being established at BISP to commemorate 10 year of the existence of BISP. The Center will be the Think Tank for carrying out research to learn global best practices serving as knowledge sharing platform; conduct research, scholarship programs and internships etc. preliminary work in collaboration with PIDE/HEC  BISP has signed a Memorandum of understanding (MOU) titled “1000 days of Partnership against Malnutrition” with the United Nations World Food Program (WFP). Future Plans of BISP a). Expanding Un-conditional Cash Transfer: BISP is extending financial assistance of Rs. 5000/(US$45) quarterly to 5.8 million families. BISP is covering around 16 percent of population and could not extend support to remaining poor due to limited fiscal resources. Keeping in view, the present government’s manifesto of expanding coverage of income support to 8 million families, fiscal space will have to be created. Unification of fragmented safety nets at the federal level and elimination of all non-targeted subsidies will result in substantial savings to the federal kitty where overlapping will be rectified. Digital mapping of the recipients under different programs will also end duplications – a beneficiary receiving cash and other CCT benefits from three programs at the same time needs to be weaned off the UCT. b). Expanding Conditional Cash Transfer (Waseela-e-Taleem): BISP is currently implementing Conditional Cash Transfer Program linking with education in 50 districts. Top up of Rs. 750/- per quarter is distributed to beneficiary children enrolled in primary education on 70 percent attendance compliance. Expansion could not take place in all the districts due to financial constraints. BISP has so far disbursed Rs. 8.2 billion in CCT intervention amongst 2.7 million children of beneficiary families. BISP is optimistic to expand the CCT on education intervention in all districts of the country to cover all out of school children of BISP beneficiary families which is planning in next 3-5 years. There are 9 million children of BISP beneficiary families falling in primary school age as per BISP data. In order to enroll all 9 million children, BISP requires Rs. 34 billion annually. The stipend of Rs. 750/- per quarter is not substantial incentive to retain children in school as poorest of the poor usually engage their children in child labour. II. Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund (PPAF): PPAF is the leading institution focused on eliminating poverty in Pakistan. PPAF facilitates public-private partnerships that have a mutual goal 249
282. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 to achieve social and economic change by addressing the multi-dimensional issues of poverty . Since its inception in April 2000 to March 2019, PPAF has disbursed an amount of approximately Rs. 222.037 billion to its Partner Organizations (POs) in 137 districts across the country. During the same period, 8.4 million microcredit loans have been disbursed with 60 percent loans to women and 80 percent financing extended to rural areas. Over 38,200 health, education, water and infrastructure projects have been completed; 440,000 credit groups and 133,000 community organizations formed, 430,500 individuals received skills / entrepreneurial trainings, 112,900 productive assets transferred to ultra and vulnerable poor households (46 percent women), over 500,800 interest free loans (67 percent women beneficiaries) disbursed through interest Free Loan (IFL) scheme, 26,000 individuals including women and youth trained on enterprise development under Waseela-e-Haq National &Waseela-e-Haq Sindh program of BISP and facilitated in establishing their successful ventures and 30,800 persons with disabilities rehabilitated. During July 2018 to March, 2019, PPAF has disbursed Rs 756 million to its partner organizations (POs) under PPAF core interventions administered under various PPAF supported programs as shown in the Table-15.3 below: Table:-15.3: PPAF Disbursement by Operating Units/Special Initiatives S. No. Program Components 1. Institutional Development and Social Mobilization (ID/SM) 2. Livelihood Enhancement and Protection (LEP) 3. Water and Infrastructure (W&I) 4. Education, Health and Nutrition (EHN) 5. Interest Free Loan (IFL) Total Rs million Financial Progress 245 153 186 123 49 756 During the same period, a total of 808 Community Organizations (COs) were formed and 3,591 community and PO staff members were trained (55 percent women) under Institutional Development and Social Mobilization component. Similarly, under Livelihood Enhancement and Protection (LEP) component, 2,310 individuals received skills/entrepreneurial trainings (40 percent women) and 556 productive assets were transferred to ultra and vulnerable poor (39 percent women). 169 water and infrastructure sub-projects were completed and benefitted 100,790 persons (54 percent women). Under health and education component, 6 educational facilities were supported during the reporting period 475 students (36 percent girls) were enrolled and 221,655 patients (57 percent women and girls) were treated under various ailments. 59,438 interest free loans (69 percent women) were disbursed through IFL scheme. Overall, these projects and interventions benefitted around 388,310 poor and marginalized population including 58 percent women beneficiaries during the reporting period. Major achievements of PPAF are presented in Table-15.4 below: Table-15.4: Major Achievements by Operating Units of PPAF Program Components Institutional Development and Social Mobilization: • Community organizations formed • Community and PO staff trainees (55 percent women) Livelihood, Employment and Enterprise Development: • Individuals received skills/entrepreneurial training (40 percent women) • Productive assets transferred to ultra and vulnerable poor (39 percent women) Water and Infrastructure Sub-projects: • Sub-projects completed 250 Numbers Physical Progress 808 3,591 2,310 556 169
283. Social Protection Table-15 .4: Major Achievements by Operating Units of PPAF Program Components • Sub-projects beneficiaries (55 percent women) Education: • Educational facilities supported • New students enrolled in program schools (36 percent girls) Health • Health facilities supported • Patients treated under program health facilities (57 percent women & girls) Interest Free Loans Scheme- Number of loans (69 percent Women) Source: Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund, Islamabad. Numbers Physical Progress 100,790 6 475 221,655 59,438 Key Initiatives during FY 2018-19: In addition to the above achievements, following key initiatives also were undertaken by the organization during the same period.  The National Poverty Graduation Program (NPGP) a six year program started in 2017 amounting US $ 150 million duly approved by the IFAD Executive Board and PPAF to assist the ultra-poor and very poor in graduating out of poverty on a sustainable basis while simultaneously improving their overall food security, nutritional status and resilience to climate change. The program has been built on three main activities; asset transfers, interest free loans and social mobilization. With a nation-wide spread across all four provinces and three regions, the program will be implemented in 375 union councils of 22 of the poorest districts of Pakistan, and directly impact 313,511 household with 156,240 asset transfers and 157,271 households with access to finance.  A three member European Union’s identification & Formulation Mission of Balochistan Water Program visited PPAF to have consultation regarding its upcoming project focusing revival of Balochistan Water Resources. The mission took keen interest in PPAF’s water footprint and overall experience of working in Balochistan.  PPAF in partnership with National Incubation Center (NIC) Karachi has launched innovating for Poverty Alleviation 2018, through which collaboration avenues will be explored between PPAF and Start-ups incubated at NIC Karachi to alleviate poverty through its vast network and community to reach out to underprivileged areas for building social solutions.  An MoU has been signed between PPAF and Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water & Marine Sciences (LUAWMS) for collaborating on PPAF’s upcoming Balochistan water engagement 2019. They will collaborate in conducting research, conferences and workshops on the issue of water challenges in Balochistan and formulation of national and regional policies and poverty reduction programs. III. Microfinance Initiatives: The Pakistan Microfinance Network (PMN) is the national association for retail players in the microfinance industry with a membership of 46 Microfinance Providers including Microfinance Banks (regulated by SBP) and Non-Bank Microfinance companies (regulated by SECP). PMN works in three principal areas: i) Serve as an Information Hub for the industry: Over the years, PMN has established itself as a knowledge centre for the sector and has emerged as the first stop for information, data and analysis on microfinance and now increasingly on inclusive finance in Pakistan. Activities within this area include:  Research and Publications 251
284. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19  Holding events and round-table discussions  Data mining and business analytics  Promoting benchmarks and international best practices on financial and social performance; ii). Promote an Enabling Environment: As an industry body, PMN strives to work with different stakeholders to create and promote a healthy and vibrant environment for microfinance in Pakistan, through: accelerating the industry's development through focused leadership and collective action  Interaction with policy maker and regulators such as Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP) and State Bank of Pakistan (SBP)  Creating linkages with both bilateral and multi-lateral donors  Representing the sector at domestic and international forums  Building strategic partnerships with local and international stakeholders  Liaison with private and public-sector outfits to leverage expertise for various industry support infrastructure such as the Credit Bureau, Digitization of Microfinance, Consumer Protection Code & Grievance Redressal System  Building sector image and tackling negative perceptions through a professionally managed Communications and Public Relations strategy  Focusing on reducing barriers to investment to improve capital allocation by convening impact investors to facilitate knowledge exchange and highlighting innovative investment approaches. iii). Capacity Building: PMN continues to play an active and significant role in creating training, exposure and human resource development opportunities for the sector through:  International and local trainings, and exposure visits  Building linkages with academic institutions. The microfinance industry broadly provides services in three categories of micro-credit, microsavings and micro-insurance. As shown in Table 15.5, the sector continued to exhibit upward trend. The micro-credit outreach witnessed 20 percent growth during 2018, while Gross Loan Portfolio registered a 36 percent growth during the same year. Micro-savings, on the other hand, posted a growth under active savers by 14 percent and value of savings by 28 percent, which is attributable to increase in m-wallet accounts and taping higher ticket size. Moreover, micro-insurance also remained positive wherein policy holders increased by 16 percent, whereas sum insured posted a hefty growth of 25 percent. This segment is primarily dominated by credit life and health insurance. Table 15.5: Active Borrowers, Active Savers and Active Policy holders Micro-Credit Micro-Savings Details Active Value Active Value Borrowers (Rs million) 2018* 6,936,554 274,707 2017* 5,800,457 202,699 Increase/decrease (Net) 1,136,097 72,008 Increase/Decrease (%) 20% 36% *: Calendar Year Source: Pakistan Microfinance Network (PMN) Savers 35,293,602 30,984,717 4,308,885 14% (Rs million) 239,963 186,941 53,022 28% Micro-Insurance Policy Holders 8,456,430 7,313,029 1,143,401 16% Sum Insured (Rs million) 248,783 198,680 50,103 25% Branchless Banking Pakistan is one of the fastest developing markets for branchless banking in the world. Under SBPs encouraging policies and vigorous initiatives being undertaken by players in the market, the numbers indicate that the masses are becoming more aware of opening accounts via biometric verification 252
285. Social Protection systems placed at various agents and mobile locations . With NADRA is actively pursuing cost reduction techniques, Banks have also been persuaded to perform customer verifications when opening new customer accounts. The trend in the growth of branchless banking has been witnessing a fortifying growth in BB accounts. The number of Social Welfare Disbursements (BISP, EOBI Pensioners, IDP Payments, WFP etc.) during the year under review accounted for over 25 million transactions with an accumulated value of Rs. 132.8 billion. Digital Credit With the launch of the National Financial Inclusion Strategy (NFIS) and the Pakistan Financial Inclusion and Infrastructure Project, the aim of the regulators is to promote financial inclusion by increasing access to digital payments among businesses and households, as well as advancing access to credit for micro, small and medium-sized enterprises. It can also be witnessed that most of these digital offerings involve strategic partnerships between Mobile Network Operators and Microfinance Banks/financial institutions along-with new alliances that include third-party FinTechs which are also beginning to emerge. Examples include: Tez Financial Services – a mobile application that provides instant access to financial services by linking a client’s mobile wallet with the app, and Credit-Fix also a mobile app that draws on alternative credit data to assess creditworthiness of unbanked consumers. These strategic partnerships between FinTechs and financial institutions are mutually beneficial as they thrive to scale up business and reach a wider customer base by offering scaled and innovative solutions that are analytics driven. Not only does this improve the efficiency of the product, but also leads to enhanced mitigation of risks. The objective of the microfinance initiative is to provide liquidity to the microfinance providers in response to tighter liquidity conditions. It is provided as a package through microfinance banks (MFBs), microfinance institutions (MFIs), Rural Support Programs (RSPs), and others including Commercial Financial Institutions (CFIs) and Non-Government Organizations (NGOs). Table-15.6 presents the number of Micro-Credit beneficiaries with outstanding loan portfolio and disbursements by loan providers’ upto December 2018. Table 15.6: Micro credit beneficiaries, outstanding loans portfolio and loan disbursement as of Dec 2018 Active Outstanding Loans Number of Disbursements MFP Borrowers Portfolio (Rs) Loans (Rs) Disbursed Total for Pakistan MF sector 6,936,554 274,706,547,185 2,270,527 125,270,910,542 MFBs Apna Microfinance Bank 98,508 10,088,648,035 101,734 12,476,219,060 Advans Pakistan 11,018 998,490,211 3,630 525,269,607 FINCA Microfinance Bank 235,632 20,868,934,992 82,223 9,032,220,884 First Microfinance Bank Limited 423,590 23,404,998,737 142,148 9,141,403,794 Khushhali Bank 784,327 43,449,706,356 304,408 18,859,820,657 Mobilink Microfinance Bank 157,262 12,813,704,871 54,042 4,517,201,190 NRSP Bank 399,358 23,777,632,753 190,794 12,894,187,008 Pak Oman Microfinance Bank 40,133 1,247,170,855 11,042 582,081,000 Sindh Microfinance Bank 37,254 589,829,795 12,197 120,388,000 Telenor Microfinance Bank Limited 691,982 34,080,861,048 235,767 10,230,359,020 U Microfinance Bank 287,320 17,225,243,659 108,802 7,148,243,030 Total for MFBS 3,166,384 188,545,221,312 1,246,787 85,527,393,250 MFIs AKHUWAT 998,142 16,812,463,472 201,997 6,569,306,900 ASA – Pakistan 419212 9370993207 130659 4958990000 Community Support Concern 36,972 1,271,945,139 12,433 636,032,000 DAMEN 107,299 3,417,449,857 29,228 1,516,470,000 Farmer Friend Organization 26,829 623,577,260 7,070 302,730,000 Kashf Foundation 471,001 12,787,784,540 136,885 6,243,843,000 MOJAZ Foundation 27,676 757,834,260 11,021 454,375,000 253
286. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Table 15 .6: Micro credit beneficiaries, outstanding loans portfolio and loan disbursement as of Dec 2018 Active Outstanding Loans Number of Disbursements MFP Borrowers Portfolio (Rs) Loans (Rs) Disbursed Micro Options 4,142 80,598,942 1,643 40,180,000 Orangi Charitable Trust 23,311 418,074,802 6,139 192,840,000 SAFCO Support Fund 92,064 1,948,632,138 25,289 973,675,000 Soon Valley Development Program 10,042 305,869,591 2,805 135,905,000 Total for MFIs 2,216,690 47,795,223,208 565,169 22,024,346,900 RSPs National Rural Support Program 839,796 21,133,612,312 262,466 10,793,250,155 Ghazi BarotaTariqiati Idara 16,827 329,220,347 5,195 161,415,000 Punjab Rural Support Program 81,238 1,705,249,450 23,610 653,043,000 Sindh Rural Support Organization 5,428 41,066,900 1,441 20,716,000 Sarhad Rural Support Program 5,428 41,066,900 1,441 20,716,000 Thardeep Rural Support Program 161,708 3,377,088,476 43,878 1,370,714,000 Total for RSPs 1,110,425 26,627,304,385 338,031 13,019,854,155 Others AGAHE 21,613 391,726,421 6,166 196,645,680 BRAC 75,358 2,029,595,647 24,722 1,055,956,000 JWS Pakistan 87,840 2,132,075,897 23,002 1,080,150,000 Orix Leasing 22,828 522,765,729 4,173 194,058,000 Organization for Participatory Development 4,102 86,313,334 1,174 41,665,000 Rural Community Development Program 124,254 4,261,830,160 32,198 1,929,247,392 Shadab Rural Development Organization 2,465 82,354,750 0 0 Shah Sachal Sami Foundation 6,743 144,789,426 1,487 54,734,000 Support With Working Solutions 2,045 13,658,216 0 0 Villagers Development Organization 2,050 26,960,343 235 9,306,000 Total for Others 349,298 9,692,069,923 93,157 4,561,762,072 Source: Pakistan Microfinance Network (PMN) IV. Zakat: Zakat plays an important role in poverty alleviation. Apart from support to the poor and needy, it helps in re-distribution of wealth which curtails unemployment and reduces chances of economic recession. Zakat funds are utilized for assistance to the needy, indigent, poor, orphans, widows, handicapped and disabled for their 15.7: Disbursement of Zakat subsistence or rehabilitation. These poor Table Federal Areas/ % Share Allocated segments of society are provided Zakat funds Provinces Budget 2018-19 either directly through respective local Zakat 7% of total Zakat Collection Committee or indirectly through institutions i.e. Federal Areas has been distributed amongst educational, vocational, social institutions and federal Areas ICT 35.14% of 7% 181.476 hospitals, etc. Gilgit Baltistan 18.57 % of 7% 95.902 The subject of Zakat stood devolved to the FATA 46.29 % of 7% 239.059 Total Federal 516.437 provinces and federal areas. Ministry of Share of provinces after Religious Affairs & Inter-Faith Harmony has Provincial deduction of above federal been assigned the task of collection and payment is as per their share disbursement of Zakat funds to the Punjab 57.36 % of 93 % 3935.608 23.71 % of 93 % 1626.800 Provinces/Federal Areas till next NFC Award Sindh 13.82% of 93 % 948.224 under the CCI approved formula. A total Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 5.11 % of 93 % 350.609 amount of Rs 7377.678 million was collected Balochistan Total Provincial 6861.241 during FY 2017-18 and distributed in bulk G. Total 7377.678 amongst the Provinces/Federal Areas. During Source: Ministry of Religious Affairs and Inter-Faith Harmony FY2018-19, Zakat funds disbursed to the provinces and federal areas during 2018-19 are given in Table 15.7: 254
287. Social Protection V . Pakistan Bait-ul-Mal (PBM):PBM is significantly contributing toward poverty alleviation through its various projects and schemes by providing assistance to destitute, widows, orphans, invalid, infirm and other needy persons irrespective of their gender, cast, creed and religion through its establishment at the district level. During July to March FY2019, PBM has disbursed an amount of Rs 2.562 billion through its following core projects / schemes: a) Individual Financial Assistance (IFA): S. # Category Amount Disbursed during Through IFA, poor, widows, destitute women July to March FY 2019 and orphans are supported for medical Rs million IFA-Medical 1,705.287 treatment, education and general assistance. 1 IFA-Education 60.155 PBM has envisioned providing wheel chairs to 2 3 IFA-General / 28.419 every disabled person in the country. A family Special Friends having two or more special (disabled) children 1,793.861 has been declared “special family” and is Total benefited with Rs.25,000/- annually, whereas the family with one special child is being provided financial assistance of Rs.10,000/- per annum. An amount of Rs 1,794 million has been disbursed during the period from July, 2018 to March, 2019 as given below: b) Child Support Program (CSP): This is a conditional cash transfer program, in which cash incentive is provided to the parents for sending their children to schools. Rs 300 per month per family with one school going child and Rs 600 per month to the families with two or more school going children in (13) districts is disbursed. An amount of Rs 48 million has been paid so far during the period from July, 2018 to March, 2019 under this initiative. c) Institutional Rehabilitation for NGOs: PBM provides grant-in-aid to registered nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) having excellent track record aimed at institutional rehabilitation of the poor and deserving persons of the society. An amount of Rs 7 million has been disbursed during the period from July, 2018 to March, 2019. d) School for Rehabilitation of Child Labour (SRCLs): PBM has established 159 National Centres for Rehabilitation of Child Labour countrywide since 1995 for primary (non-formal) education. Children (male & female) between the ages of 5-6 years are weaned away from hazardous labour and enrolled in these centres with free provision of uniform, books and stationery. An amount of Rs 266 million is utilized during the period from July, 2018 to March, 2019 under this initiative. e) Women Empowerment Centres (WEC): Vocational Training Centres now called Women Empowerment Centres have been established throughout the country since 1995. 154 WECs are providing free training to widows, orphans and poor girls in different skills i.e. cutting, sewing, knitting, computers and embroidery along with other trades. The trainees are being provided with free training material. An amount of Rs 258 million is utilized from July, 2018 to March, 2019. f) Pakistan Sweet Homes (Orphanage): 39 Pakistan Sweet Homes (orphanages) have been established for the orphan children where they are being provided free food, nutrition, medical treatment, boarding and lodging, as well as free education through well reputed educational institutes. An amount of Rs189 million has been spent for welfare of orphans during the period July, 2018 to March, 2019. g) Pakistan Great Homes (Old Homes): Presently 01 Pakistan Great Home, in Lahore has been established on pilot basis. Thereafter, this initiative would be scaled-up to provincial headquarters level and at divisional/district level in phased manner. The enrolled seniors (above 60 years of age) are being provided free of cost boarding/lodging, messing and medical care of excellent standard at district level throughout the country. 255
288. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 VI . Employees Old Age Benefits Institution (EOBI): Employees Old Age Benefits Institution (EOBI) provides monetary benefits to old age workers through various programs such as Old Age Pension, Invalidity Pension, Survivors pension and Old Age Grants. The EOBI Pensions (old-age, invalidity and survivors pensions) are paid on monthly basis. No pension is paid lesser than Rs 6,500/- per month being the current rate of minimum pension and maximum upto Rs 13,356/-. However, the insured persons retiring from the employers having the definite retirement age less than 60 years (55 years for female) are provided reduced pension. Pension of such insured persons is reduced by one-half percent for each month short of 60 Table-15.8: Achievements of EOBI July 2018- March 2019 years (55 years for female). Old-age grant is Number of Amount of Benefits paid in lump sum equal to insured person’s Benefits beneficiaries to be paid having less than fifteen years’ insurable Rs millions employment but attain the age of 60/55 years. The EOBI benefits although not much handsome but it is sustainable source of income for the insured persons and their survivors who are generally live below the poverty line. In this way, the EOBI benefits are proved effective tools to prevent the insured persons and their survivors from falling into poverty and enabling them to escape from the poverty trap to some extent. The details of disbursed benefits during July 2018 to March 2019 are shown in Table15.8. Old-age 245,870 14,241.98 Pension Invalidity 5,486 307.02 Pension Survivors’ 146,050 8,484.52 Pension Old-Age 4,534 262.75 Grant Total 401,940 23,296.27 Source: Employees’ Old Age Benefits Institution (EOBI), Karachi VII. Workers Welfare Fund (WWF): WWF is providing various services in the areas of housing, health and education to the industrial workers and financial assistance is also being extended in the form of death grant, marriage grant and scholarships. The main objective of WWF is to finance the following: i) Finance the projects for the establishment of housing estates for the industrial workers which include the following: a) Construction of houses, flats and development of plots b) Establishment of health facilities like hospitals, wards and dispensaries c) Establishment of education facilities like schools, colleges, technical institutes and industrial homes ii) Establishment of new higher secondary schools in all major industrial cities where either such facilities do not exist or these facilities are not sufficient to meet the existing demand of local workers iii) Provide death grant @Rs 500,000/- to the widow/legal heir of the deceased workers as compensation iv) Provide marriage grant @ Rs 100,000/- for the marriage of daughters of workers During July-March, FY2019 expenditures amounted Rs 468.273 million have been incurred on 3,992 scholarship cases while Rs 1,985.38 million has been disbursed as Marriage Grant (@100,000/which benefitted 19,854 workers’ families. WWF has also disbursed Rs 1,597.55 million as Death Grant (@500,000/-) to 3,195 cases of mishaps of workers all over the country. 256
289. Social Protection Conclusion The comprehensive social protection framework is aimed at overcoming the challenges of poverty , health, stunted growth, education and would enable the youth to realize their potential and extricate themselves out of the generational poverty traps. SDGs have been widely regarded as the best vehicle to address poverty alleviation in Pakistan. CPEC will provide an opportunity for provision of affordable energy to all and upgrade connectivity around the country which will create more opportunities for all. The government is planning to establish enough social protection for all marginalized and vulnerable segments of the society. In this regard, effective monitoring mechanism for SDGs that will ensure the higher returns of investment along with greater contribution to SDGs targets. Punjab government has decided to establish shelter-homes in all districts of the province for the homeless people. In this regard, shelter-homes will be constructed in all districts in phases so that the homeless people may not have to sleep under the open sky in harsh conditions. The state is fulfilling its responsibility in providing shelter and food to the needy people that were earlier forced to sleep on roads. The government is taking all necessary steps to support this poor destitute class and the establishment of a welfare project like the Panah Gah is an important step in this regard. 257
290. BLANK PAGE
291. CHAPTER 16 Climate Change Erratic weather patterns and climate change have emerged as the biggest environmental challenges that are affecting almost all the sectors of economy particularly water resources , energy, health, biodiversity with a major impact on agricultural productivity. In view of Pakistan’s high vulnerability to the adverse impacts of climate change, the current government is committed to meet this challenge and the Prime Minister has constituted “Prime Minister’s Committee on Climate Change” to provide high level strategic guidance and platform for coordinated efforts on the issues of climate change. Federal Forestry Board (FFB) has also been revived to rehabilitate forests and forest cover in the country. Ministry of Climate Change has adopted a comprehensive approach on the disaster risk reduction and management. The government has also introduced climate budget coding and expenditure tracking system. This initiative has become a solid conduit for the climate change finance mainstreaming and will foster transparency in public investments. The monitoring of the expenditure will also give confidence to the international development partners in tracking expenditure under different funding streams to ensure that the finances are spent on the intended objectives. Ministry of Climate Change (MoCC) has taken various initiatives in the area of climate change adaptation and mitigation in accordance with our National Climate Change Policy which are as under: a) To ensure effective implementation of National Climate Change Policy and its Framework, meetings of National Climate Change Policy Implementation Committee are being held regularly. b) MoCC has completed the process of ratification of Doha Amendment to Kyoto Protocol. c) Pakistan Climate Change Council and Pakistan Climate Change Authority are being established to address the issues of climate change and meet Pakistan’s obligations under international conventions relating to climate change. d) Climate Change Council is being established and the mandate is to: i. Monitor implementation of international agreements ii. Approve and monitor implementation of comprehensive adaptation and mitigation policies, strategies, plans, programs & projects iii. Monitor implementation of National Adaptation Plan iv. Protection and conservation of renewable and non-renewable resources, species & habitats e) Preparation of Pakistan’s Second National Communication (SNC) on Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions is at final stage. f) Biennial Update Report (BUR) is an extended report on National Communications which describes the status of GHG emissions and mitigation measures taken by the countries. MoCC has started preparatory work on Pakistan’s first BUR. All these are indicators of a shifting landscape in Pakistan under the present government towards a cleaner, greener and sustainable future aiming for lowering the emissions and ensuring climate
292. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 resilient growth . Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Program Pakistan is a signatory to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). SDG 6 i.e. clean water and sanitation aims to provide safe drinking water to 95 percent of the population and access to safe sanitation to 72 percent of the population by the year 2030. Currently the national base line for safe drinking water is 36 percent and for sanitation is zero percent. The indicators in national data sets for WASH: Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement (PSLM) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) were reviewed and aligned with Sustainable Development Indicators 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3.1. Safely Managed Water The access to improved drinking water sources (piped, hand pump, motorized pump and closed well) is 89 percentage, available when needed (24 hours available at premises) is 77.5 percent, basic service is 53 percent (basic services but not free from contamination) contamination is 36 percent. The lowest figure of all three that is free from contamination is 36 percent, which is the baseline figure of safely managed water in Pakistan in 20181. Safely Managed Sanitation Improved sanitation is 63 percent (it is 58 percent as per JMP), hand washing with soap is 60 percent and data regarding on-site and off-site treatment is not available or is less than 1 percent. The lowest of all figure of the three is On-Site and Off-Site treatment so baseline safely managed sanitation is zero. Inclusion and Disparities There is significant difference between access to piped water in urban areas with coverage of 48 percent and of rural areas with 13 percent only. Furthermore, only 10 percent of the poorest have access to piped water supply compared to 39 percent of the rich and 35 percent of the richest groups. Under sanitation, less than half of the rural population in Pakistan use improved sanitation. Only 20 percent of the poorest have access to improved sanitation compared to 82 percent of the richest. Similarly, 40 percent of the poorest have no toilets compared to only 1 percent of the richest.2 Sector Policies/Strategies The Prime Minister of Pakistan has reinforced the commitment of government for creating an enabling environment for water and sanitation through launching of Clean Green Pakistan Movement (CGPM) in October 2018, showing the highest level of political commitment. The CGPM will seek institutional strengthening for effective service delivery and behavioural change for sustenance and continuity for the accessibility and availability of safe water and sanitation to the people of Pakistan. Institutional Arrangements The provincial and administrative units take a lead on the identification, planning and implementation of drinking water and sanitation policy along with budgetary allocations and spending in their jurisdictions. At federal level, Ministry of Climate Change has been entrusted the role of policy formulation, standards setting, reporting and coordination for regional and international commitments. In order to strengthen the institutional arrangements at the national level, the MoCC has created a Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Strategic Unit in 2018 based on a 1 2 Pakistan Country Preview Paper 2017 PSLM 2015 260
293. Climate Change capacity assessment done in 2016 . Capacity Development The WASH Strategic Unit at the Ministry of Climate Change (MoCC) rolled out Joint Sector Reviews (JSRs) of WASH in 2016/2017 by arranging a training workshop of key provincial departments and sector partners. All four provinces organized JSRs in 2017-18, which culminated in a National JSR in December 2018 by the MoCC. The overall SDG 6.1 and 6.2 targets for WASH have been finalized along with a roadmap for next two years. Planning, Monitoring and Review There is no single regulatory and monitoring authority for carrying out M&E and reporting on WASH. Each province carries out WASH activities in its jurisdiction and also compiles data. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS) is the national custodian of tracking and reporting the progress on SDGs. The MoCC and PBS brought different stakeholders together in 2017 and 2018 for developing consensus on the indicators and methods of data collection for tracking and planning. Sector Financing The overall estimated financial layout of the sector for 2017-2018 was Rs 128,000 million. This includes: i. ii. iii. iv. Government /public sector expenditure on water and sanitation: Rs 80,000 million ODA and Voluntary transfers for WASH: Rs 4,200 million Repayable Financing :Rs 8,200 Tariffs for services provided: Rs 25,100 million and Households’ out of pocket expenditures: Rs 9,900 million. Currently, the contribution of private sector is not reflected in financial layout available for 2017-18. Sustainable Development Targets for Pakistan By using the SDG costing tools developed by SWA, Pakistan calculated annual investment needs for WASH Sector. Below calculations are based on current coverage of safely managed water i.e. 36 percent and safely managed for sanitation i.e. zero. Based on SDG costing tool, it is estimated that Pakistan needs Rs450 billion annually to meet SDG targets by 2030. Presently, Pakistan is spending PKRs 80 billion annually through public sector while overall financial layout of the sector is PKRs 130 billion. However, it is under-reported as many of the departments, providing water and sanitation services as integral component of their interventions do not report their spendings like school education, health, housing, works and communication, irrigation, etc. Annual Financial Needs for Safely Managed WASH Services -PKRs Million # Description Urban Rural Water Sanitation Water Sanitation 1 New Services: Basic Access 13,968 12,797 8,595 28,543 2 New Services: Safely Managed 62,630 48,904 113,736 123,099 3 Sustaining existing services: Basic Access 16,635 11,100 11,110 20,735 4 Sustaining existing services: Safely Managed 36,229 11,100 33,461 20,735 6 Overall Financing Needs 98,849 60,004 147,197 143,834 Total Total 63,883 348,369 59,580 101,525 449,894 The current allocation for 2018-19 is Rs. 150 billion and Pakistan shall be able to make a growth of 2.1 percent annually. The country shall be able to cover 95 percent of safe water and 72 percent of safe sanitation (62 percent by investment and 10 percent with private sector). 261
294. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Forests According to the Pakistan Forestry Outlook Study total area of forests in the country is 4 .34 million ha (5.01 percent), out of which 3.44 million ha forests exist on state-owned lands and remaining on communal and private lands. Annual consumption of wood (timber and fuel wood) is estimated at 44 million cubic meters whereas annual growth of natural forests is 14.4 mm3, resulting in overexploitation of forest resources. Moreover, sole dependence of forest-owning local communities on this resource for livelihood is reported as main cause of deforestation. The contribution of forest in GDP is 0.4 percent. Under Millennium Development Goals (Goal-7), Pakistan had committed to increase forest cover to 6 percent, which could not be achieved mainly due to financial constraints of federal and provincial governments. Overseas Development Assistance (ODA) from either bilateral or multilateral sources has also declined drastically impeding government policies and plans to bring additional lands under tree cover. Ministry of Climate Change is implementing following initiatives towards achievement of objectives of above Conventions and Protocols with the technical and financial support of Global Environment Facility( GEF), UN agencies, World Bank, multilateral donors and NGOs including International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN) and WWF and PSDP.  Mangrove for the Future (MFF) regional program in collaboration with IUCN-Pakistan  Implementation of World Bank funded REDD+ Readiness Preparation Proposal (R-PP)  Preparation and implementation of National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan  Revival of forestry and wildlife resources in Pakistan (Green Pakistan Program)  Up-scaling of GPP into Ten Billion Tree Tsunami (new initiative)  Scaling-up of Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) risk reduction in Northern Pakistan  Reversing Deforestation and degradation in high conservation value pine forests in Pakistan  Sustainable Land Management Program to combat desertification in Pakistan (SLMP II)  Implementation of Federal Forest Policy 2015 Measures to Increase Forest Cover Seasonal Tree Planting Campaigns Season Target (Plants in Millions) Achieve Survival ment Rate 84.32 76% 55.195 78% In order to enhance tree cover in the country, seasonal tree planting campaigns held each 102.4 year and government, private departments, Spring 2018 organizations actively involved in planting Monsoon 2018 47.44 activities. During 2018 inter-provincial Spring 2019 141.72 meetings on the onset of spring 2018 and Monsoon 2018 were held whereby achievement against target fixed for tree planting are as follows: Mangroves for the Future (MFF) Mangroves for the Future (MFF) initiative focuses on promotion of an integrated ocean wide approach to coastal zone management. Under this initiative more than 30 projects have been completed since the inception. Participation in Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) Reduced Emission from deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) is a concept adopted by the countries under United Nations Framework convention on climate change (UNFCCC) in 2010. The 262
295. Climate Change concept relates to absorption of atmospheric carbon through forest resource . Due to accumulation of carbon in standing trees their financial value increases. Carbon stoked in forest is traded in carbon markets. The REDD+ Readiness Preparation Proposal (R-PP) R-PP is being implemented in Pakistan with a grant of$ 3 .8 million since July, 2015. Pakistan was awarded the grant through a competitive process by Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) of World Bank. International and national consultants were hired to prepare documents required to complete the REDD+ readiness phase. Final documents have been prepared by the consultants and the project has been shared with the Forest Departments of provinces and territories for acceptance/concurrence in February, 2019. Meanwhile in 2018, an additional grant of $ 4.01 million has also been awarded by FCPF to further support the preparedness activities in Pakistan till June, 2020. Migratory Birds and Houbara Bustard Endowment Fund This Fund was established in 2016 and it will provide support for developing and implementing programs for conservation of valuable migratory birds with an initial endowment of Rs. 250 million. Green Pakistan Program – Revival of Forest Resources in Pakistan The main objective of the program is to facilitate transition towards environmentally resilient Pakistan by mainstreaming notions of adaptation and mitigation through ecologically targeted initiatives covering afforestation, biodiversity conservation and enabling policy environment. The program towards reviving forestry resources in the country is being implemented through PC-I scheme titled, Green Pakistan Program-Revival of Forestry Resources in Pakistan (2016-2021). The estimated cost of the project is Rs. 3.652 million for a period of five years. Ten Billion Trees Tsunami Program (TBTTP) is a full-fledged organized and an elaborated approach aiming at revival of forestry and wildlife resources in light of international conventions and national and provincial legislative frameworks has been initiated. The implementation modalities for TBTTP have been developed under the Chairmanship of Federal Advisor on Climate Change. Upon the consultation with provinces and federating units, it was decided to upscale the existing implementation framework of Green Pakistan Program in light of lessons learnt from KP-Billion Tree Tsunami Program under the PSDP funding mechanism. The Prime Minister of Pakistan inaugurated the Ten Billion Trees Tsunami Program on 2nd September, 2018 during “Plant for Pakistan Day” event. Ten Billion Tree Tsunami Program, Phase-I 1. Time required for completion of Program 8-Years (2016-2024) 2. Capital cost of Program i. Forestry Component Rs. 98.051 billion ii. Wildlife Component Rs. 12.0316 billion Total: Rs 110.0826 billion 3. The Ten Billion Tree Tsunami Program, Phase-I will be implemented with an overall cost of Rs. 110.0826 billion. The Federal Government would make an allocation of Rs. 69.067 Billion on cost sharing basis for five years (2019-2024) to revive the forestry and an allocation of Rs.7.30 billion for wildlife resources of Pakistan. 263
296. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Specific Objectives of TBTTP The program has three components : a) Enhancement of Forest Cover and management of plantations, state, guzara and reserve forests b) Biodiversity Conservation and establishment of 725 acres of Zoo-cum Botanical Garden, Islamabad c) Institutional Strengthening of Zoological Survey of Pakistan A). Enhancement of Forest Cover This component focuses on enhancement of the forest cover by adding 4.446 billion indigenous plants through afforestation, reforestation and regeneration over next five (05) years to curb the impacts of climate change. The priority areas for the purpose are as under: a. b. c. d. e. f. Conservation and enhancement of natural forests through assisted natural regeneration Road and canal side plantation Rehabilitation and re-stocking of historical plantations Restoration and improvement of scrub forests Increase in existing cover of mangrove forests Watershed and soil conservation in hilly and river catchment areas (reserved as well as community forests) g. Rehabilitation of guzara and protected forests h. Protection and augmentation of dry temperate forests Biodiversity Conservation The Ministry of Climate Change based upon extensive discussions with all stakeholders recognized that challenges to wildlife protection and preservation could be overcome through improvement and effective implementation of wildlife legislations and institutional strengthening. a. Enhanced management of Protected Areas (Biosphere Reserve/ National Parks) with special focus on Eco-tourism (at least one in each province/territory) on international standards including Margalla Hills, National Park, Islamabad b. Establishment or Up gradation of existing Zoo on international standards (at least one in each province / territory) c. Revival of Critically Endangered Habitats d. Curbing of illegal wildlife trafficking through establishment of control desks in international/national airports e. Rehabilitation/ Rescue Centers for Confiscated Wildlife in each province/ territory f. Zero plastic in protected areas (All protected areas of Pakistan) g. Improvements of Wildlife related Legislations and its implementation h. Liaison between Wildlife Departments and Universities i. Rehabilitation of forest cover in Man and the Biosphere (MAB) reserves and intervention for declaration of more MAB reserves, which are in pipeline 264
297. Climate Change B ). Institutional Strengthening Zoological Survey of Pakistan (ZSP) is the pioneer research organization for multi-disciplinary zoological and wildlife related matters in the country. Therefore, to enhance its capacity following are the specific objectives: a) Strengthening and capacity building of ZSP through establishment of its regional offices in each province b) Inventory of Endangered Wildlife species and Habitat across Pakistan Overall number of plants planted, sown and regenerated in plantations and enclosures and planting stock established in nurseries: a. Total plants planted, sown and regenerated in plantations and enclosures are 33.065 million b. Planting stock established in nurseries are 22.005 million Watershed Management and Soil Conservation works a) Intensive planting of suitable species on 22 ha of degraded slopes in Giglit Baltistan (66,655 plants) b) 30.35 ha land treated with a combination of different bio-engineering structures consisting of layering, vegetated soft gabions, live brushwood check dams etc. in AJK c) 2803 cubic meter of bio-engineering structures constructed in Rawalpindi North Forest Circle in Punjab d) 3,913 cubic meter of loose stone check dams constructed with 566 cubic meters in Juniper and Chilghoza forests of Balochistan and 3,347 cubic meters in Scrub Forests of FATA e) 991 cubic meter of Gabion structures constructed in Chilghoza Forests of Balochistan f) 61 meter of gabion flood protection spurs constructed in Gilgit Baltistan g) 254 meter of diversion channels constructed to divert water from streams to marginal waste lands for afforestation in Gilgit Baltistan h) 72 water harvesting ponds constructed with 104140 plants planted in the immediate catchments of these ponds in Rawalpindi North and Rawalpindi South Forest Circles in Punjab Convention on Biological Diversity The government is firmly committed to take necessary steps in fulfilling its obligations on the issues related to Conservation of Biological Diversity. National consultation on Sixth National Report has been completed and the report will be submitted to Secretariat of Convention on Biological Diversity after approval. National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) has been approved and submitted to the Secretariat of Convention on Biological Diversity. National actions towards implementation of NBSAP are well under way: 1) Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) Law is in process of consultation for wider acceptance 2) Astola Island was declared as first marine protected area of the Pakistan. Consultation on other potential sites like Churna Island and MianiHorr is in process Pakistan’s compliance with Montreal Protocol Pakistan is party to the Vienna Convention for the protection of the Ozone Layer and its Montreal Protocol. A dedicated National Ozone Unit is established in the Ministry of Climate Change for effective compliance of the Convention and its Protocol. Pakistan is successfully implementing the obligations of the Montreal Protocol and has phased out 10 percent Hydrochlorofluoro carbons (HCFCs) in January 2015 as per the given time line through multi-pronged actions including ozone depleting substances (ODS) trade restrictions, awareness and capacity building campaigns, and 265
298. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 technology transfer . The implementation is a continuous process and at present Pakistan is successfully moving towards 35 percent reduction targets of the HCFCs till 1st January, 2020. Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) management in Pakistan Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are highly toxic chemical considered as global threat to Human Health and environment. Stockholm Convention on POPs was ratified by Pakistan in 2008. The elimination of POPs pesticide stockpiles became more urgent after the 2010 floods damaged some of the storage sites of hazardous chemicals and pesticides resulting in a greater risk to human and environmental health. Pakistan is now on its way for comprehensive reduction and elimination of persistent organic pollutants aiming to reduce human health and environmental risks. The country is in process of development and implementation of a regulatory, policy and enforcement system to reduce POPs releases and to regulate POPs waste disposal; capacity building to reduce exposure and releases of POPs; and collection, transport and disposal of POPS Pesticides. Sustainable Land Management Program( Phase-II ) On successful results from phase-I, Phase-II of SLMP is being implemented in 14 dry land districts of all four provinces since 2015. With funding support from UNDP, GEF, Federal PSDP, Provincial ADPs, SLMP-II is assisting the Government of Pakistan in implementation of United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in order to achieve the long-term goals in Sustainable Land Management (SLM). Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (PAK-EPA) Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (Pak-EPA) is mandated to enforce the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997 in the Islamabad Capital Territory. The following major activities are being undertaken by Pak-EPA: Air and Water Quality  Pak-EPA had fixed and mobile automatic air quality monitoring stations. Pak-EPA is capable of monitoring all the major parameters of air quality by mobilizing its mobile air quality station in Islamabad as well as any part of the country.  Data surveillance room to monitor steel industries air pollution in I-9 and I-10 industrial areas during 2018-19. Three Steel industries installed state of art new air reverse bag houses system to reduce air pollution.  Drinking water quality checked by chemical and microbiological analysis of 25 filtration water plants and municipal and waste water pollution monitoring of Industrial Effluent and other Environmental Related Samples in ICT.  Pak-EPA has established an Integrated Surveillance System to monitor ESBL producing E Coli in the environment (water up streams, wet markets and sewerage system) of ICT  Hospital Waste Management in Islamabad Health-care facilities waste contains potentially harmful microorganisms that can infect hospital patients, health workers and the general public. Under Section 31 of PEP Act 1997, based on the Hospital Waste Management Rules, 2005, the current hospital waste management practices in both public and private health care facilities are inspected by Pak-EPA in ICT. Geomatic Center for Climate Change and Sustainable Development Project Climate change is a geographic problem and reducing the risks caused by climate change is an immense challenge. Presently, policy makers, developers, engineers, and many others around the 266
299. Climate Change world are using geographic information system (GIS) technology to understand a complex situation and offer some tangible solutions in environment and climate change scenarios. Through the support of Geomatic Center for Climate Change and Sustainable Development project in Pakistan, Environmental Protection Agency Islamabad is one of the ventures under Ministry Climate Change which encourages application of Satellite Remote Sensing (SRS), Geographical Information System (GIS) and Geographical Positioning System (GPS) technologies in environmental monitoring and decision-making. Achievements 1. Digital Environmental Atlas of Islamabad The Digital Environmental Atlas of Islamabad was launched under this project. The basic objective of this Atlas is to enable the visualization of Islamabad’s environmental information through maps. The spatial distribution of environmental indicators is extremely useful in several types of planning including environmental pollution control strategies. Most importantly, through GIS techniques used in preparing atlas maps, it is possible to combine various layers of information for identifying different types of soil, land use, vegetation distribution, stream network etc. 2. Glacier Monitoring of Pakistan Geomatic Center has taken the initiative of Glacier monitoring of Pakistan using GIS and Remote sensing technology. Under this initiative, two glaciers i.e. Baltoro and Siachen were chosen for monitoring purpose. Detailed analysis including stream network analysis, terrain analysis and change detection was carried out for the years 1978 to 2018 using satellite imagery. Achievements of Management Information System (MIS) 2018-19 are as follows:  Establishment of Server room and deployment of Local Area Networking (LAN)  Revamping of website through NITB, MoIT& Telecom  Deployment of new Hi-tech server for Geomatic Center (Central Environmental Application) Climate Change GCISC shows that mean annual temperature has increased over Pakistan in the recent past with greater increase in Sindh and Balochistan. The observed increase is higher in winter when compared with summer. The month wise analysis shows that the maximum increase has been observed in December and February. During the last century, the average temperature over Pakistan has increased by 0.6°C, which is in conformity with the increase of average global temperature. Similarly, mean annual precipitation has also shown increase over most parts of the country. The increase is higher in summer as compared to winter with September and June showing the greatest increase. Future climate change projections based on all the four IPCC-AR5 RCPs scenarios show that the average rise in temperature over Pakistan by the end of the century will be about 1°C higher compared to global average. Within the country, the northern regions will experience relatively more warming than the south. This increase particularly in temperature is associated with a number of adverse impacts, including the increasing frequency of extreme events (floods, droughts, heat waves, and cyclonic activity), steady regression of most glaciers (except a small minority in the Karakorum Range) that supply the bulk of the country's water supply and changes in the rainfall patterns. Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources The primary effect of climate change is the disruption of the water cycle and it is important to understand the impact that climate change is having on drinking water supplies, sanitation and food. 267
300. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 In many regions around the world , incidence of hydrological extreme events is rising day by day. However, in Pakistan it is in many different forms, especially flash flooding in mountainous streams in the north. Analysis of the available long-term record (1969-2014) of annual total flow volumes and annual maximum flows of the Indus River at Besham Qila (a flow gauging station upstream of Tarbela dam), shows no statistical evidence of a significant and sustained change in the aggregate average annual flows in the upper Indus Basin (UIB) upstream of Tarbela Dam. However, there is a significant increase in the annual maximum flows. This has specially been found in the water availability analysis of the Kabul River Basin, a snow melt-fed basin, where there is a sharper peak with a clear shift in the annual peak flow by a month. Also, more increased frequency of larger magnitude annual maximum flow events has come out as a key finding of this Kabul River Basin study. Another modeling work focused on the Gilgit River Basin, a glacier-fed basin, revealed that faster melting of glaciers under increased temperatures would bring more flows a month earlier but with a flattened peak. More rigorous modeling analysis is currently going on to gain more clear insight of the state and fate of Karakoram glaciers and associated impacts on the river flow regimes in Pakistan. Impacts of Climate Change on Agriculture Agriculture is one of the major sectors likely to be adversely affected by climate change. Climate change can disrupt food availability, reduce access to food, and affect food quality. Projected increases in temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, changes in extreme weather events, and reductions in water availability may all result in reduced agricultural productivity. Crop simulation models-based studies depicted significant reductions in wheat and rice yields in the arid, semi-arid and rainfed areas of Pakistan under various IPCC climate change scenarios. In general, the increase in temperature leads to a shortening of the Growing Season Length (GSL) for wheat and rice crops in all regions of the country. The studies further report that South Eastern side of Pakistan is more vulnerable to consecutive heat days stress during flowering and ripening stages of wheat. This vulnerability is increasing both spatially and temporally to all the major wheat producing zones from Lower Sindh to Potohar till end of 21st century under both Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs i.e. RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). In the absence of a change in management practices and technology, an overall reduction will be registered for all cereal crop yields. Study on Smog in Punjab Seasonal climatology plays a vital role in transport of different kinds of air pollutants affecting dayto-day human activities. Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT) model based findings have indicated that buildup of anthropogenic aerosols mainly has been taking place in winter (December, January, February, March) and post-monsoon (October, November) for which region wise point source locations were identified. It was found that 65 percent of the sources were detected within Pakistan. Secondly, sectoral contribution of pollutants (NOx, SOx, PM 2.5, CO and NMVOCs) based on the data of last 10 years (2008-17) was determined using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodologies. The outcomes demonstrate the transport sector as biggest contributor (43 percent) in total air pollutants emission in Punjab while the rice residue burning adds just 20 percent. Besides, Industry and Power sectors hold 25 percent and 12 percent, respectively. Overall, the energy sector occupies 80 percent of the total air pollutants emissions in Punjab. The emissions of NOx, being main pollutant responsible for smog formation, are highest from transport sector (58 percent). Industry and Power collectively holds 34 percent share in NOx emissions while rice residue burning is just at 9 percent. Zoological Survey of Pakistan During the current financial year the baseline surveys of Deosai NP (GB), Machiara NP (AJ&K), Lal Sohanra NP (Punjab) has been carried out. Wetlands of Punjab, Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were visited for mid-winter waterfowl census during December and January in 2018- 2019. The data 268
301. Climate Change has been sent to Wetlands International . During the current financial year, the studies on Houbara bustard and Indus Blind Dolphin were carried out. Both these studies are part of national level survey, which will be completed in 2020. Conclusion Pakistan is facing environmental challenges, which include climate change impacts, loss of biological diversity, deforestation and degradation of air and water quality. The present government has launched Ten Billion Trees Tsunami Program (TBTTP) to lead the country towards aiming at revival of forestry and control air, weather, wildlife, forestation, watershed management and soil conservation to combat the negative impacts of climate change. 269
302. BLANK PAGE
303. i . Contingent Liabilities ii. Tax Expenditure
304. BLANK PAGE
305. ANNEXURE-I Contingent Liabilities Introduction Contingent liabilities are possible obligation that arises from past events and their existence will be confirmed only by the occurrence or nonoccurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the government . Contingent liabilities should be examined in the same manner as a proposal for a loan, taking into account, inter alia, the credit-worthiness of the borrower, the amount and risks sought to be covered by a sovereign guarantee, the terms of the borrowing, justification and public purpose to be served, probabilities that various commitments will become due and possible costs of such liabilities. Hence, such off balance sheet transactions cannot be overlooked in order to gain a holistic view of a country’s fiscal position and unveil the hidden risks associated with the obligations made by the government outside the budget. Similarly, reported debt levels of a sovereign may be understated owing to the non-inclusion of contingent liabilities, explicit or implicit, which may materialize in future. Contingent liabilities of Pakistan are guarantees issued on behalf of Public Sector Enterprises (PSEs). The sovereign guarantee is normally extended to improve financial viability of projects or activities undertaken by the government entities with significant social and economic benefits. It allows public sector companies to borrow money at lower costs or on more favorable terms and in some cases allows to fulfill the requirement where sovereign guarantee is a precondition for concessional loans from bilateral/multilateral agencies to sub-sovereign borrowers. During first nine months of current fiscal year, the government issued fresh/rollover guarantees aggregating to Rs 168 billion, while, outstanding stock of government guarantees as at end March, 2019 amounted to Rs 1,265 billion. The share of rupee guarantees accounted for 91 percent of the total guarantees stock as at end March 2019. Table-1.1: Guarantees Outstanding as on March 31, 2019 (Rs in billion) Outstanding Guarantees extended to Public Sector Enterprises (PSEs) -Domestic Currency -Foreign Currency Memo: Foreign Currency (US$ in million) Source: Debt Policy Coordination Office Staff Calculations, Ministry of Finance 1,265.1 1,151.4 113.7 807.8 The volume of new government guarantees issued during a financial year is limited under Fiscal Responsibility and Debt Limitation Act which stipulates that the government shall not give guarantees aggregating to an amount exceeding 2 percent of the GDP in any financial year including those for rupee lending, rate of return, outright purchase agreements and other claims and commitments provided the renewal of existing guarantees shall be considered as issuing a new guarantee. The limit of 2 percent of the GDP is applicable on guarantees issued both in local and foreign currencies. During July-March 2018-19, Government of Pakistan issued fresh/rollover guarantees aggregating to Rs 168 billion or 0.4 percent of GDP [as shown in Table 1.2].
306. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Table-1 .2: New Guarantees Issued (Rs in billion) 2013 2014 2015 2016 New guarantees issued 136 106 156 191 (as percent of GDP) 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.7 *July – March 2019 Source: Debt Policy Coordination Office Staff Calculations, Ministry of Finance 2017 368 1.2 2018 324 0.9 2019* 168 0.4 The year wise outstanding stock of government guarantees from 2012-13 till March 31, 2019 is presented through Table 1.3: Table-1.3: Guarantees Stock 2013 626 355 271 2014 555 426 129 2015 644 533 111 2016 721 627 95 Outstanding guarantees extended to PSEs -Domestic Currency -Foreign Currency *end March, 2019 Source: Debt Policy Coordination Office Staff Calculations, Ministry of Finance 2017 838 742 95 (Rs in billion) 2018 2019* 1,236 1,265 1,161 1,151 76 113.7 Guarantees issued against commodity operations are not included in the stipulated limit of 2 percent of GDP as the loans are secured against the underlying commodity and are essentially selfliquidating and thus should not create a long term liability for the government. The quantum of these guarantees depends on the supply-demand gap of various commodities, their price stabilization objectives, volume procured, and domestic and international prices. The guarantees were issued against the commodity financing operations undertaken by TCP, PASSCO, and provincial governments. 272
307. ANNEX-II Tax Expenditure Tax expenditure for FY2019 has been estimated at Rs .972.4 billion. Detailed estimates are highlighted below: Income Tax Tax expenditure in respect of direct taxes during FY2019 has been reflected in Table 1: Table-1:Tax Expenditure of Direct Taxes during FY2019 S.# Tax expenditure on various exemption/concessions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Tax credit for charitable donations u/s 61 Tax credits u/s 64A Tax credit u/s 64AB deductible allowance on education expenses Tax credit for employment generation by manufacturers u/s 64B Tax credit for investment in balancing, modernization and replacement of plant & machinery u/s 65B Tax credit for enlistment u/s 65C Tax credit for newly established industrial undertakings u/s 65D Tax credit for industrial undertakings established before the first day of July, 2011 u/s 65E Tax credit u/s 100C Tax credit for investment in shares and insurance u/62 Tax loss due to exempt business income claimed by IPPs under clause (132) of Part I of the Second Schedule Tax loss due to exemption to export of IT services under clause (133) of Part I of Second Schedule. Total (Rs. billion) Estimated revenue loss FY2019 2.448 1.191 0.067 0.0096 90.954 0.356 5.487 6.458 13.977 2.055 18.034 0.608 141.645 Sales Tax Major exemptions in sales tax and their tax expenditures during FY2019 are presented in Table 2. Table-2: Tax Expenditure of Sales Tax for FY201 9 SRO SRO 1125(1)/2011, dated 31.12.2011 (leather, textile, carpets, surgical goods etc.) Import under 5th Schedule Local supply under 5th Schedule Imports under 6th Schedule. Local supply under 6th Schedule Imports under 8th Schedule Local supply under 8th Schedule Grand Total Rs. in Billion Loss of sales tax due to exemptions projected for FY2019, based On JulyMarch figures 86.7 0.59 53.5 53.7 247.3 62.7 93.3 597.7
308. Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19 Customs Following is the break-up of estimates of tax expenditure of main exemptions in Customs Duties for FY2019 . Table-3: Cost of Customs Duty Exemption for FY2019 Rs. in Million S.# SRO No. & Description Cost of Exemption Date (Estimated) FTAs/PTAs 1. 558(I)/2004 Concession of customs duty on goods imported from 348.8 01.07.2004 SAARC and ECO countries 2. 1296(I)/2005 Exemption from customs duty on import into 2.5 31.12.2005 Pakistan from China 3. 894(I)/2006 Exemption from customs duty on import into Pakistan 0.0 31.08.2006 from Iran under Pak-Iran PTA. 4. 1274(I)/2006 Exemption from customs duty on imports into 1,614.8 29.12.2006 Pakistan from under SAFTA Agreement 5. 659(I)/2007 Exemption from customs duty on import into Pakistan 31,620.7 30.06.2007 from China 6. 1151(I)/2007 Exemption from customs duty on goods imported 6.0 26.11.2007 from Mauritius 7. 1261(I)/2007 Exemption from customs duty on import into Pakistan 3,162.7 31.12.2007 from Malaysia 8. 741(I)/2013 Exemption from customs duty on import into Pakistan 3,950.0 28.08.2013 from Indonesia under Pak-Indonesia PTA. 9. 280(I)/2014 Exemption from customs duty on imports from Sri 2,401.6 08.04.2014 Lanka General Concessions: Automobile sector, E&P Companies, CPEC, etc. 10. 565(I)/2006 Conditional exemption of customs duty on import of 4,755.1 05.06.2006 raw materials and components etc. for manufacture of certain goods (Survey based) 11. 678(I)/2004 Exemption of customs duty and sales tax to 5,725.7 12.6.2004 Exploration and Production (E&P) companies on import of machinery equipment & vehicles etc. 12. 655(I)/2006 Exemption from customs duty for vendors of 26,604.4 22.06.2006 Automotive Sector 13. 656(I)/2006 Exemption from customs duty for OEMs of 38,818.8 22.06.2006 Automotive Sector 14. 39(I)/2017 Exemption from Customs Duty on Cotton 2,275.9 23.01.2017 15. 642(I)/2016 Exemption from Customs Duty for CPEC 1,009.2 27.07.2016 16. 40(I)/2017 Exemption from Customs Duty for Lahore Orange 749.1 25.01.2017 Line Metro Train 17. Chapter 99 Exemptions [Special Classification Provisions] 10,530.8 18. 5th Schedule Exemptions/ concessions 274 Total: 99,558.0 233,134.0
309. Tax Expenditure Following is the consolidated summary of tax expenditure for the FY 2019 in Table 4 . Table 4: Tax Expenditure of Federal Taxes for FY 2019 S. # Type of Tax 1. Income Tax 2. Sales Tax 3. Customs Duty Source: Federal Board of Revenue. 275 FY2019 Total : (Rs. billion) 141.6 597.7 233.1 972.4
310. BLANK PAGE
312. BLANK PAGE
313. CONTENTS ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL INDICATORS ................................................................................... 1-8 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 2 2.1 A 2.1 B 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 GROWTH AND INVESTMENT Gross National Product At Constant Basic Prices of 2005-06 ................................................ 11 Sectoral Shares in GDP ........................................................................................................... 12 Growth Rates (%) .................................................................................................................... 13 Expenditure on Gross National Product At Constant Prices of 2005-06 ................................. 14 Gross National Product at Current Basic Prices ...................................................................... 15 Expenditure on Gross National Product At Current Prices .................................................... 16 Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) in Private, Public and General Government Sectors by Economic Activity At Current Market Prices ..................... 17 Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) in Private, Public and General Government Sectors by Economic Activity At Constant Market Price of 2005-06 ..................................... 20 AGRICULTURE Index of Agricultural Production ............................................................................................. 25 Basic Data on Agriculture ....................................................................................................... 26 Land Utilization ....................................................................................................................... 27 Area under Important Crops .................................................................................................... 28 Production of Important Crops ................................................................................................ 29 Yield Per Hectare of Major Agricultural Crops....................................................................... 30 Production and Export of Fruits .............................................................................................. 31 Crop-wise Composition of Output of Major Agricultural Crops (At Constant Factor Cost-Base 2005-06) ................................................................................ 32 Credit Disbursed by Agencies. ................................................................................................ 33 Fertilizer Off-Take and Imports of Pesticides ......................................................................... 34 Average Retail Sale Price of Fertilizers................................................................................... 35 Area Irrigated by Different Sources ........................................................................................ 36 Procurement/Support Prices of Agricultural Commodities ..................................................... 37 Procurement, Releases and Stocks of Wheat .......................................................................... 38 Livestock Population ............................................................................................................... 39 Livestock Products .................................................................................................................. 40 MANUFACTURING AND MINING Reserves and Extraction of Principal Minerals........................................................................ 43 Production Index of Mining and Manufacturing ..................................................................... 45 Cotton Textiles Statistics ......................................................................................................... 46 Production of Fertilizers, Vegetable Ghee, Sugar and Cement ............................................... 47 Production of Selected Industrial Items ................................................................................... 48 Percent Growth of Selected Industrial Items ........................................................................... 51 FISCAL DEVELOPMENT Federal Government Overall Budgetary Position .................................................................... 55 Summary of Public Finance (Consolidated Federal and Provincial Governments)................. 56 Consolidated Federal and Provincial Government Revenues .................................................. 57 (i)
314. 4 .4 4.5 Consolidated Federal and Provincial Government Expenditures ............................................ 58 Debt Servicing ........................................................................................................................ 59 5.1 5.2 5.3 Components of Broad Money (M2) ........................................................................................ 63 Causative Factors Associated with Broad Money (M2) .......................................................... 64 Scheduled Banks Consolidated Position Based on Last Weekend Position of Liabilities and Assets (All Banks) ......................................................................... 65 Income Velocity of Money ...................................................................................................... 66 List of Domestic, Foreign Banks and DFIs (As on 31-03-2019) ............................................. 67 Security and Nature Wise Weighted Average Lending Rates (All Scheduled Banks) ............ 68 Sale of Market Treasury Bills Through Auction ..................................................................... 70 Sale of Pakistan Investment Bonds Through Auction ............................................................. 71 5 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 6 6.1 6.2 7 7.1 A 7.1 B 7.1 C 7.2 7.3 A 7.3 B 7.4 7.5 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.10 8.11 9 9.1 9.2 9.3 MONEY AND CREDIT CAPITAL MARKETS & CORPORATE SECTOR National Saving Schemes (Net Investment) ............................................................................ 75 Mark-up Rate/Profit Rate on Debt Instruments Currently Available in the Market ........................................................................................... 76 INFLATION Price Indices ........................................................................................................................... 79 Head line & Core inflation ...................................................................................................... 80 Price Indices ............................................................................................................................ 81 Monthly Percent Changes in CPI,WPI and SPI....................................................................... 82 Price Indices by Consumer Income Groups ............................................................................ 83 Annual Changes in Price Indices and GDP Deflator ............................................................... 84 Average Retail Prices of Essential Items ................................................................................. 85 Indices of Wholesale Prices of Selected Commodities (Base year 2000-01=100) .................. 91 TRADE AND PAYMENTS Summary of B.O.P .................................................................................................................. 95 Components of Balance of Payments (As Percent of GDP) .................................................... 96 Exports, Imports and Trade Balance ....................................................................................... 97 Unit Value Indices and Terms of Trade (T.O.T) ..................................................................... 98 Economic Classification of Exports and Imports .................................................................. 100 Major Imports ........................................................................................................................ 102 Major Exports ........................................................................................................................ 103 Destination of Exports and Origin of Imports ....................................................................... 104 Workers' Remittances ............................................................................................................ 106 Gold and Cash Foreign Exchange Reserves held and controlled by State Bank of Pakistan ..................................................................................... 108 Exchange Rate Position (Pakistan Rupees in Terms of One Unit of Foreign Currency) ....... 109 PUBLIC DEBT Public and Publicly Guaranteed medium and long term external debt disbursed and outstanding As on 31-03-2018 ........................................................................................ 113 Commitments and Disbursements of Loans and Grants (By type) ........................................ 114 Annual Commitments, Disbursements, Service Payment and External Debt Outstanding .................................................................................................... 115 (ii)
315. 9 .4 9.5 9.6 9.7 10 10.1 10.2 10.3 11 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 12 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.8 12.9 12.10 12.11 12.12 12.13 12.14 13 13.1 A 13.1 B 13.1 C 13.1 D 13.2 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.4 13.5 13.6 Debt Service Payments on Foreign Loans (paid in foreign exchange) .................................. 116 Terms of Foreign Loan / Credits contracted by Pakistan ...................................................... 118 Grant Assistance Agreement Signed ..................................................................................... 122 Total Loans and Credit Contracted ........................................................................................ 123 EDUCATION Number of Educational Institutions, by kind, level and sex .................................................. 127 Enrolment in education institutions by kind, level and sex ................................................... 128 Number of teachers in educational institutions in Pakistan, by kind, level and sex .............. 129 HEALTH AND NUTRITION National Medical and Health Establishment ......................................................................... 133 Registered Medical and Para Medical Personnel and Expenditure on Health ....................... 134 Data on Expanded Programme of Immunization Vaccination Performance ........................ 135 Doctor Clinic Fee in various cities ........................................................................................ 136 POPULATION, LABOUR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT Population.............................................................................................................................. 139 Population in Rural/Urban Areas. ......................................................................................... 140 Population in Urban/Rural Areas 1972, 1981 and 1998 Census............................................ 141 Population by Age, Sex Urban/Rural Areas 1981and 1998 Census ...................................... 142 Enumerated Population of Pakistan by Province, Land Area and Percentage Distribution 1951-1998 ................................................................................ 143 Literacy Ratios of Population by Sex, Region and Urban/Rural Areas, 1998 and 1981 Census .................................................................... 144 Land Area and Percent Distribution ...................................................................................... 145 Percentage Distribution of Population of 10 years and Above and Civilian Labour Force by Gender, Year 2014-15 .................................................................. 146 Labour Force and Employment ............................................................................................. 147 Population and Labour Force ................................................................................................ 148 Distribution of Employed Persons of 10 Years Age and above by Major Industries .............................................................................................. 149 Percentage Distribution of Employed Persons of 10 Years Age and above by Major Industries, 2014-15 ..................................................................................................... 150 Age Specific Labour Force Participation Rate ...................................................................... 151 Daily Wages of Construction Workers in Different Cities .................................................... 152 TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS Length of Roads .................................................................................................................... 155 Railways ................................................................................................................................ 156 Pakistan National Shipping Corporation (PNSC) .................................................................. 157 Ports-Cargo Handled ............................................................................................................. 158 Pakistan International Airlines Corporation (Operational) .................................................... 159 Pakistan International Airlines Corporation (Revenue) ......................................................... 159 Number of Motor Vehicles Registered .................................................................................. 160 Motor Vehicles on Road LCV ............................................................................................... 161 Motor Vehicles on Road HCV .............................................................................................. 161 Motor Vehicles-Production ................................................................................................... 162 Motor Vehicles-Import .......................................................................................................... 163 (iii)
316. 13 .7 14 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 Post and Telecommunications ............................................................................................... 164 ENERGY Commercial Energy Consumption ........................................................................................ 167 Commercial Energy Supplies ................................................................................................ 170 Commercial Energy Supplies ............................................................................................... 171 Schedule of Electricity Tariffs ............................................................................................... 172 Oil Sale Prices ....................................................................................................................... 174 Gas Sale Prices ...................................................................................................................... 179 (iv)
318. BLANK PAGE
319. ECONOMIC AND INDICATORS FINANCIAL SECTOR : GROWTH RATE (at constant fc) % GDP Agriculture Manufacturing Commodity Producing Sector Services Sector GROWTH RATES (at current mp) % Total Investment Fixed Investment Public Investment (including general govt.) Private Investment (as % of Total Investment) National Savings Foreign Savings (as % of GDP current mp) Total Investment Fixed Investment Public Investment Private Investment National Savings Foreign Savings** Domestic Savings Per Capita Income (mp-US $)** GDP DEFLATOR (growth %) CONSUMER PRICE INDEX (CPI) (growth %) FISCAL POLICY (as % of GDP mp) Total Revenue Tax Revenue Non-Tax Revenue Total Expenditure Current Expenditure Defence Markup Payments Others Development Expenditure Overall Deficit MONEY & CREDIT (growth %) Monetary Assets (M2) Domestic Assets STOCK EXCHANGE (growth %) PSX 100 Index Aggregate Market Capitalization 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s Average (Annual) Base Year 2005-06 2000s 2005-06 2006-07 6.8 5.1 9.9 6.8 6.7 4.8 2.4 5.5 3.9 6.3 6.5 5.4 8.2 6.5 6.7 4.6 4.4 4.8 4.6 4.6 4.5 2.8 7.3 4.8 5.2 5.6 1.3 9.4 12.4 8.2 5.5 3.4 9.0 5.5 5.6 14.8 14.0 21.8 20.5 25.3 4.2 3.7 2.6 8.1 7.8 7.3 15.6 15.7 12.5 36.1 38.0 30.3 9.3 9.0 21.0 20.9 17.0 8.8 17.5 40.5 5.2 - 67.5 32.5 5.1 5.1 79.2 20.8 75.4 24.6 89.9 10.1 78.8 21.2 74.3 25.7 - 17.1 15.9 10.3 5.6 11.2 5.8 7.4 - 18.7 17.0 9.2 7.8 14.8 3.9 7.7 2.3 18.3 16.6 7.5 9.1 13.8 4.5 14.0 8.3 17.9 16.4 4.6 11.8 15.9 2.0 14.6 746.0 8.4 19.3 17.7 4.2 13.5 15.2 4.1 13.4 897.4 10.5 18.8 17.2 4.6 12.6 14.0 4.8 12.3 979.9 7.2 3.2 12.5 7.2 9.7 7.3 7.9 7.8 13.1 11.6 2.1 16.8 21.5 5.3 17.3 13.8 3.5 24.9 17.6 6.5 3.8 7.3 7.3 7.1 17.1 13.4 3.7 24.1 19.4 5.6 6.8 7.0 4.7 6.9 13.9 10.3 3.6 18.3 15.1 3.1 4.9 7.2 3.3 4.4 16.3 15.0 21.0 20.5 13.2 15.4 16.8 12.2 15.0 14.1 15.1 15.8 19.3 14.2 - - 0.1 2.5 4.1 13.4 27.2 29.1 34.1 35.8 37.9 45.3 - : Not available mp : Market prices fc : Factor cost P: Provisional, R: Revised, *: July-April **: At average exchange rate used in National Accounts Committee meeting 2 F: Final 13.1 9.8 3.3 17.1 12.6 2.9 3.2 6.5 4.5 4.0 14.0 9.6 4.4 18.1 14.9 2.7 4.2 8.0 4.6 4.1
320. SOCIAL INDICATORS Base Year 2005-06 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 5 .0 1.8 6.1 5.1 4.9 0.4 3.5 -4.2 -0.9 1.3 2.6 0.2 1.4 1.8 3.2 3.6 2.0 2.5 3.2 3.9 3.8 3.6 2.1 3.1 4.4 3.7 2.7 4.9 1.7 5.1 4.1 2.5 5.7 3.5 4.5 4.1 2.1 3.9 3.6 4.4 4.6 0.2 3.7 2.9 5.7 5.2 2.2 5.8 3.4 6.5 5.5 3.9 5.4 4.5 6.3 3.3 0.9 -0.3 1.1 4.7 17.7 17.9 21.0 13.4 12.4 11.2 1.4 0.3 -2.1 9.8 8.4 6.6 17.1 18.1 27.2 10.8 10.7 4.9 10.0 9.7 1.2 17.0 18.0 29.0 5.8 5.8 7.0 13.0 13.4 30.5 12.4 12.8 16.8 2.8 1.9 -7.9 16.8 12.9 1.2 9.0 14.9 12.9 12.8 14.5 5.4 7.1 11.1 6.5 57.5 42.5 68.6 31.4 85.9 14.1 100.7 -0.7 86.3 13.8 92.8 7.2 91.3 8.7 93.4 6.6 88.9 11.1 74.4 25.6 62.3 37.7 69.6 30.4 19.2 17.6 4.8 12.8 11.0 8.2 9.1 1053.2 12.9 17.5 15.9 4.3 11.7 12.0 5.5 9.4 1026.1 20.7 15.8 14.2 3.7 10.5 13.6 2.2 9.8 1072.4 10.7 14.1 12.5 3.2 9.3 14.2 -0.1 9.7 1274.1 19.5 15.1 13.5 3.7 9.7 13.0 2.1 7.8 1320.5 5.7 15.0 13.4 3.5 9.8 13.9 1.1 8.7 1333.7 7.1 14.6 13.0 3.2 9.9 13.4 1.3 7.7 1388.8 7.4 15.7 14.1 3.7 10.4 14.7 1.0 8.6 1514.0 4.3 15.7 14.1 3.8 10.3 13.9 1.7 7.8 1529.4 0.5 16.2 14.6 4.5 10.1 12.0 4.1 6.5 1630.1 4.0 16.7 15.1 4.8 10.3 10.4 6.3 5.1 1652.0 2.4 15.4 13.8 4.0 9.8 10.7 4.7 4.2 1497.3 7.5 12.0 17.0 10.1 13.7 11.0 7.4 8.6 4.5 2.9 4.2 3.9 14.1 9.9 4.2 21.4 17.4 2.6 4.8 10.0 4.0 7.3 14.0 9.1 4.9 19.2 15.5 2.5 5.0 8.0 3.5 5.2 14.0 9.9 4.1 20.2 16.0 2.5 4.4 9.2 4.4 6.2 12.3 9.3 3.0 18.9 15.9 2.5 3.9 9.6 2.8 6.5 12.8 10.2 2.6 21.6 17.3 2.5 4.5 10.3 3.9 8.8 13.3 9.8 3.5 21.5 16.4 2.4 4.5 9.5 5.1 8.2 14.5 10.2 4.3 20.0 15.9 2.5 4.6 8.9 4.9 5.5 14.3 11.0 3.3 19.6 16.1 2.5 4.8 8.8 4.2 5.3 15.3 12.6 2.7 19.9 16.1 2.6 4.3 9.2 4.5 4.6 15.5 12.4 3.0 21.3 16.3 2.8 4.2 9.3 5.3 5.8 15.1 12.9 2.2 21.6 16.9 3.0 4.3 9.6 4.7 6.5 9.3 8.2 1.1 14.3 12.5 2.0 3.8 6.7 1.8 5.0 15.3 33.6 9.6 15.4 12.5 12.7 15.9 13.1 14.1 20.2 15.9 20.9 12.5 9.1 13.2 11.7 13.7 12.9 13.7 18.3 9.7 15.9 5.1 8.8 -10.8 -6.0 -41.7 -43.9 35.7 28.8 28.5 20.3 10.4 6.2 52.2 47.6 41.2 36.2 16.0 5.7 9.8 2.3 23.2 25.5 -10.0 -9.0 -7.8 -9.2 As per PBS Per Capita Income during 2016-17 is Rs 162,230/- based on provisional figures of population census 2017 held in March 2017 i.e. 207,774,520. The revise series of Per Capita Income will be compiled after finalization of 6th Housing and Population Census results. 3 F R (Jul-Mar) P 7.0 * (Contd...)
321. ECONOMIC AND 1960s INDICATORS TRADE AND PAYMENTS (growth %) Exports (fob) Imports (fob) Workers' Remittances As % of GDP (mp) Exports (fob) Imports (fob) Trade Deficit Current Account Deficit COMMODITY SECTOR: Agriculture Total Cropped Area mln. hectares Production Wheat mln. tons Rice mln. tons Sugarcane mln. tons Cotton mln. bales Fertilizer Offtake mln.N/tons Credit Disbursed bln. Rs. Manufacturing Cotton Yarn mln. Kg. Cotton Cloth mln. sq. mtr. Fertilizer mln. tons Sugar mln. tons Cement mln. tons Soda Ash 000 tons Caustic Soda 000 tons Cigarettes bln. nos. Jute Goods 000 tons INFRASTRUCTURE: Energy Crude Oil Extraction mln. barrels Gas (supply) mcf Electricity (installed capacity) 000 MW Transport & Communications Roads 000 km Motor Vehicles on Roads mln. nos. Post Offices 000 nos. Telephones mln. nos. Mobile Phones mln. nos. - : Not available P: Provisional, R: Revised, 1970s 1980s 1990s Average (Annual) 2000s 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 - 13.5 16.6 - 8.5 4.5 1.9 5.6 3.2 -5.3 9.9 13.7 26.8 16.2 37.8 7.7 13.8 31.4 10.4 4.5 8.0 19.4 - - 9.8 18.7 8.9 3.9 13.0 17.4 4.4 4.5 12.3 16.2 3.9 3.8 13.2 17.1 4.0 1.6 13.0 19.4 6.5 4.4 11.2 17.5 6.2 4.8 - - 20.3 22.4 22.9 22.8 23.1 23.6 - - 12.5 3.3 33.1 6.3 1.4 11.2 17.0 3.9 44.6 9.7 2.3 23.8 20.8 5.2 50.4 11.6 3.3 112.9 21.6 5.0 47.2 14.3 3.7 108.7 21.3 5.5 44.7 13.0 3.8 137.4 23.3 5.4 54.7 12.9 3.7 168.8 5.6 3.1 27.5 34.3 10.7 12.0 24.4 10.7 - 3.4 -5.2 13.2 2.2 2.5 2.6 5.0 4.9 3.4 10.0 1884.4 2236.2 -1.1 487.8 763.3 10.7 4.9 5.4 14.4 3.6 3.4 8.6 11.2 16.4 6.7 269.0 292.6 6.6 147.2 195.0 -0.4 55.4 60.0 9.5 101.1 105.0 2290.0 925.0 5.9 3.0 16.4 297.3 206.7 61.0 104.8 2556.3 903.8 6.1 2.9 18.5 318.7 219.3 64.1 104.5 2727.6 1012.9 6.5 3.5 22.8 330.6 242.2 66.0 118.1 - 2.8 165.4 1.3 10.9 385.2 3.1 26.1 23.3 908.0 1186.8 12.9 18.7 24.1 1344.9 19.4 23.9 1400.0 19.4 24.6 1413.6 19.4 70.5 7.1 0.1 - 74.1 0.4 9.0 0.2 - 123.8 1.4 11.8 0.6 - 279.3 4.6 15.8 3.3 - 258.2 6.0 12.3 5.1 12.8 259.0 7.1 12.3 5.1 34.5 261.8 8.1 12.3 4.8 63.2 F: Final 5 255.6 6.4 12.3 4.2 30.3
322. SOCIAL INDICATORS 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 18 .0 31.6 17.4 -6.4 -10.3 21.1 2.9 -1.7 14.0 28.9 14.9 25.8 -2.6 12.8 17.7 0.3 -0.6 5.6 1.1 3.8 13.7 -3.9 -0.8 18.2 -8.8 -0.3 6.4 0.1 18.0 -2.8 12.5 16.5 2.9 -1.3 -4.9 8.7 12.0 20.8 8.8 8.2 11.4 18.9 7.5 5.5 11.1 17.5 6.5 2.2 11.9 16.7 4.9 +0.1 11.0 18.0 7.0 2.1 10.7 17.4 6.6 1.1 10.2 17.0 6.8 1.3 8.9 15.3 6.4 1.0 7.9 14.8 6.9 1.7 7.2 16.0 8.8 4.1 7.9 18.0 10.1 6.3 6.3 13.7 7.4 3.3 23.9 24.1 23.9 22.7 22.5 22.6 23.2 23.3 23.7 22.6 22.6 22.6 20.9 5.6 63.9 11.7 3.6 211.6 24.0 6.9 50.0 11.8 3.7 233.0 23.3 6.9 49.4 12.9 4.4 248.1 25.2 4.8 55.3 11.5 3.9 263.0 23.5 6.2 58.4 13.6 3.9 293.9 24.2 5.5 63.8 13.0 3.6 336.2 26.0 6.8 67.5 12.8 4.1 391.4 25.1 7.0 62.8 14.0 4.3 515.9 25.6 6.8 65.5 9.9 3.7 598.3 26.7 6.8 75.5 10.7 5.0 704.5 25.1 7.4 83.3 11.9 4.8 972.6 25.2 7.2 67.2 9.9 3.5 804.9 2809.4 1016.4 6.2 4.7 26.7 365.0 248.3 67.4 129.0 2913.0 1016.9 6.4 3.2 28.4 365.3 245.3 75.6 137.4 2787.3 1009.4 6.7 3.1 31.3 409.6 182.3 65.3 106.2 2939.5 1020.3 6.8 4.2 28.8 378.0 172.0 65.4 93.2 2954.6 1023.4 6.6 4.6 29.5 370.7 179.1 62.0 94.1 3017.9 1029.1 5.8 5.1 31.1 366.2 182.9 67.4 102.8 3066.0 1036.1 5.9 5.6 31.4 409.1 167.5 64.5 101.7 3360.0 1036.1 6.9 5.1 32.2 437.1 184.0 62.7 94.3 3405.6 1039.2 8.0 5.1 35.4 468.5 225.3 53.5 55.3 3428.1 1043.3 8.1 7.0 37.0 479.7 223.9 34.3 59.8 3430.1 1043.7 7.2 6.6 41.1 509.8 270.1 59.1 74.2 2574.7 785.2 5.7 4.9 29.5 415.8 185.9 48.9 47.9 25.6 1454.2 19.4 24.0 1460.7 19.8 23.7 1482.8 20.9 24.0 1471.6 22.5 24.6 1559.0 22.8 27.8 1505.8 22.8 31.6 1493.5 23.5 34.5 1465.8 23.8 31.7 1481.6 25.9 32.3 1471.9 29.9 32.6 1458.9 33.6 24.7 1080.7 34.3 258.4 8.8 12.4 4.5 88.0 260.2 9.4 12.3 3.5 94.3 260.8 9.8 12.0 3.4 99.2 259.5 10.4 12.0 5.7 108.9 261.6 11.5 12.0 5.8 120.2 263.4 11.6 12.8 6.4 128.9 263.8 13.2 12.1 5.2 140.0 265.4 13.9 12.1 3.9 114.7 265.9 15.6 11.7 3.3 133.2 267.0 21.9 11.5 3.0 139.8 268.9 24.4 11.5 2.9 150.2 271.0 25.2 10.5 2.8 159.0 5 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 F 2018-19 R (Jul-Mar) P (Contd...)
323. ECONOMIC AND 1960s INDICATORS HUMAN RESOURCES : Population* Crude Birth Rate Crude Death Rate Infant Mortality Rate Labour Force & Employment** Labour Force Employed Labour Force Un-employed Labour Force Un-employment Rate SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT: Education Primary Schools Male Female Middle Schools Male Female High Schools Male Female Technical / Vocational Institutions Male Female Literacy Rate Male Female Expenditure on Education million per 1000 person per 1000 person per 1000 person million million million % per annum 000 nos. 000 nos. 000 nos. 000 nos. 000 nos. 000 nos. 000 nos. 000 nos. 000 nos. nos. percent (as % of GDP) Health* Registered Doctors Registered Nurses Registered Dentists Hospitals Dispensaries Rural Health Centers TB Centres Beds in Hospitals & Dispensaries Expenditure on Health (as % of GDP) P: Provisional, R: Revised, F: Final * : on Calendar Year basis Note : Total may differ due to rounding off 000 nos. 000 nos. 000 nos. nos. 000 nos. nos. nos. 000 nos. 1970s 1980s Average (Annual) 1990s 2000s 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 - - 96.3 - 124.6 - 150.9 27.4 7.9 79.6 152.5 28.0 8.1 82.0 155.4 26.1 8.2 77.0 158.2 26.1 7.1 76.7 - - 11.6 11.2 0.4 1.4 35.1 33.1 2.0 5.7 45.5 42.4 3.6 6.8 45.9 42.4 3.6 7.7 46.8 43.2 3.6 7.6 50.5 47.3 3.1 6.2 - - 88.8 64.6 24.2 6.8 4.6 2.2 5.4 3.9 1.5 143.5 96.4 47.1 15.3 8.8 6.5 10.6 7.4 3.2 155.2 96.6 58.6 31.9 16.7 15.2 18.6 12.2 6.3 157.2 98.5 58.7 30.4 15.6 14.8 16.6 11.3 5.3 157.5 97.7 59.8 39.4 20.1 19.3 22.9 14.8 8.1 158.7 97.8 60.9 40.1 22.6 17.5 23.6 14.6 9.0 - - 508.6 282.2 235.2 29.5 39.0 18.7 572.2 328.7 243.5 40.7 51.6 28.6 1623.8 874.8 749.0 52.6 65.7 41.4 747.0 419.0 328.0 53.0 65.0 40.0 3059.0 1584.0 1475.0 54.0 65.0 42.0 3090.0 1599.0 1491.0 55.0 67.0 42.0 1.4 1.7 2.3 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 2.0 0.2 380.0 1.7 - 6.3 2.9 0.7 521.0 2.8 1.0 90.0 28.1 9.9 1.4 651.0 3.5 127.0 122.0 68.9 24.1 2.8 823.0 4.3 330.0 245.0 110.5 49.0 6.1 912.6 4.6 494.0 283.3 113.2 48.4 6.1 916.0 4.6 552.0 289.0 118.0 51.2 6.7 919.0 4.6 556.0 289.0 123.1 57.7 7.4 924.0 4.7 560.0 288.0 25.5 38.4 55.6 83.8 99.1 99.9 101.5 102.1 - 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 - : Not available ^ : NIPS Projection **: Labour Force Survey 2017-18 7
324. SOCIAL INDICATORS 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 R (Jul-Mar) P 161.0 26.1 7.1 76.7 163.8 24.3 7.3 68.2 173.5 28.0 7.4 72.0 177.1 27.5 7.3 70.5 180.7 27.2 7.2 69.0 184.4 26.8 7.0 67.5 188.0 26.4 6.9 66.1 191.7 26.1 6.8 64.6 195.4 25.6 6.7 63.2 199.1 25.2 6.6 61.8 207.8 25.4 6.4 - 212.8 25.2 6.3 62.0 50.8 48.1 2.7 5.2 52.2 49.5 2.7 5.2 53.7 50.8 2.9 5.5 58.1 54.7 3.5 6.0 59.3 55.8 3.5 6.0 60.3 56.6 3.8 6.2 60.1 56.5 3.6 6.0 61.04 5.9 - - - 65.5 61.7 3.8 5.8 157.4 92.5 64.9 40.8 20.2 20.6 24.0 15.0 9.0 156.7 93.3 63.4 40.9 20.5 20.4 24.3 15.1 9.2 157.5 96.9 60.6 41.3 21.8 19.5 24.8 14.2 10.6 155.5 93.6 58.2 41.6 21.9 20.4 25.2 14.4 9.5 154.6 93.6 57.0 42.0 21.6 21.0 28.7 14.3 11.6 159.7 99.6 60.1 42.1 20.7 21.4 29.9 17.6 12.3 157.9 97.6 60.3 42.9 21.8 21.1 30.6 18.0 12.6 165.9 99.9 66.0 44.8 22.4 22.4 31.3 18.2 13.1 164.6 99.3 65.3 45.7 18.7 27.0 31.7 16.1 15.6 169.6 110.5 59.1 49.1 21.1 28.0 31.6 16.9 14.7 172.2 105.6 66.6 46.8 19.7 27.1 31.0 16.9 14.1 174.9 107.2 67.7 47.8 20.1 27.7 31.2 17.0 14.2 3125.0 1618.0 1507.0 56.0 69.0 44.0 3159.0 1636.0 1523.0 57.0 69.0 45.0 3192.0 1010.0 2182.0 57.7 69.5 45.2 3224.0 1018.0 2206.0 58.0 69.0 46.0 3257.0 1028.0 2229.0 58.0 70.0 47.0 3290.0 1037.0 2253.0 60.0 71.0 48.0 3323.0 1047.0 2276.0 58.0 70.0 47.0 3579.0 1760.0 1819.0 60.0 70.0 49.0 3746.0 2232.0 1514.0 58.0 70.0 48.0 3798.0 2262.0 1536.0 - 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.4 - 1.8 1.8 57.4 3.62 F 3740.0 2617.0 1123.0 62.3 ** 72.5 ** 51.8 ** 2018-19 3842.0 2688.0 1154.0 - 128.0 62.6 8.2 945.0 4.7 562.0 290.0 133.9 65.4 9.0 948.0 4.8 561.0 293.0 139.5 69.3 9.8 968.0 4.8 572.0 293.0 144.9 73.2 10.5 972.0 4.8 577.0 304.0 152.4 77.7 11.6 980.0 5.0 579.0 345.0 160.9 82.1 12.7 1092.0 5.2 640.0 326.0 167.8 86.2 13.7 1113.0 5.4 667.0 329.0 175.2 90.3 15.1 1143.0 5.5 669.0 334.0 184.7 94.8 16.7 1172.0 5.7 684.0 339.0 195.9 99.2 18.3 1243.0 6.0 668.0 345.0 208.0 103.8 20.5 1264.0 5.7 688.0 431.0 220.8 108.5 22.6 1279.0 5.7 686.0 441.0 103.2 103.0 103.7 104.1 107.5 111.8 118.4 118.2 119.5 124.8 131.0 132.2 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.5 7 ^ ^ ^ ^
326. BLANK PAGE
327. TABLE 1 .1 GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT AT CONSTANT BASIC PRICES OF 2005-06 Sectors A AGRICULTURE 1. Crops 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2,048,794 2,103,600 2,156,117 2,202,043 2,205,433 523,936 524,839 553,568 521,125 63,185 61,351 64,920 50,559 832,128 Important Crops Other Crops 245,007 2. Livestock 1,130,740 Cotton Ginning 3. Forestry 42,874 4. Fishing 43,052 844,860 867,133 562,707 868,494 258,670 243,890 250,006 1,169,712 1,198,671 1,246,512 45,695 43,333 60,536 46,555 43,758 40,761 46,276 822,689 2016-17 F 2,342,373 2,362,209 534,659 553,682 517,410 3.56 -6.55 53,382 58,077 50,676 8.80 -12.74 2.58 6.47 4.92 1.40 832,744 244,703 1,288,373 1,326,948 47,779 2018-19 P 2,253,565 251,005 46,592 2017-18 R 45,505 48,368 871,516 259,756 1,375,021 46,679 49,157 832,919 264,833 1,430,044 49,699 49,547 B. INDUSTRIAL SECTOR 1,984,316 1,999,207 2,089,776 2,198,027 2,323,169 2,428,902 2,548,496 2,584,105 2. Manufacturing 1,252,670 1,313,365 1,387,556 1,441,461 1,494,591 1,581,680 1,667,540 1,663,118 144,713 156,691 169,677 183,607 198,652 214,839 232,385 251,442 1. Mining & Quarrying 283,727 Large Scale 1,018,706 Small Scale Slaughtering 3. Electricity Generation & Distribution & Gas Distribution 4. Construction COMMODITY PRODUCING SECTOR (A+B) C. SERVICES SECTOR 1. Wholesale & Retail Trade 2. Transport, Storage & Communication 89,251 224,490 223,429 294,727 1,064,185 92,489 165,275 225,840 298,856 1,122,266 95,613 164,054 239,310 313,707 1,159,052 98,802 186,174 256,685 333,121 1,193,569 102,370 203,661 291,796 331,121 1,260,836 106,005 198,180 317,921 356,667 1,325,442 109,713 180,185 344,104 5.43 8.17 -0.27 8.20 113,515 3.50 3.47 253,239 -9.08 40.54 4.45 1.13 318,064 4,890,869 4,946,314 1,746,511 1,808,124 1,894,410 1,943,612 2,035,509 2,187,751 2,331,439 2,404,045 7,452,631 0.79 -2.06 4,682,467 7,014,467 1.63 4.00 5.12 4,528,602 6,588,200 3.62 1.95 1,298,161 4,400,070 6,231,579 6.15 0.85 -4.43 -1.96 4,245,893 5,971,163 4.66 7.72 4,102,807 5,716,248 3.94 349,684 4,033,110 5,437,145 Rs Million % Change 2017-18 / 2018-19/ 2016-17 2017-18 7,803,812 8.24 6.25 6.57 -7.57 4.71 3.11 1,254,126 1,304,697 1,355,570 1,424,255 1,493,830 1,557,639 1,590,474 1,643,625 2.11 3.34 4. Housing Services (Ownership of Dwellings) 639,003 664,542 691,093 718,674 747,343 777,140 808,175 840,525 3.99 4.00 6. Other Private Services 886,204 932,776 990,839 1,050,844 1,122,032 1,213,253 1,311,864 3. Finance & Insurance 5. General Government Services GDP {Total of GVA at bp (A + B + C)} Indirest Taxes Subsidies GDP {GVA + T - S} Net Factor Income from Abroad 632,130 F: Final 302,392 703,717 315,428 723,823 335,448 758,746 356,981 832,505 396,669 882,015 424,554 446,364 7.03 986,125 1,064,917 11.80 1,404,336 8.13 5.14 7.99 7.05 9,470,255 9,819,055 10,217,056 10,631,649 11,116,802 11,696,934 12,343,500 12,750,126 5.53 3.29 269,772 176,255 136,844 107,861 85,976 83,545 73,891 85,164 -11.56 15.26 864,920 0.70 28.35 533,424 519,054 556,679 616,350 724,998 795,386 862,628 905,497 9,733,907 10,161,854 10,636,891 11,140,138 11,755,824 12,408,775 13,132,237 13,570,459 10,120,466 10,564,986 11,110,897 11,689,041 12,430,920 13,077,966 13,806,113 14,435,379 386,559 Gross National Income Population (in million) P: Provisional, R: Revised, 279,171 178.91 403,132 182.53 474,006 186.19 11 548,903 189.87 675,096 193.56 669,191 197.26 673,876 200.96 8.45 5.83 5.57 4.97 3.34 4.56 204.65 1.88 1.84 Source : Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
328. TABLE 1 .2 SECTORAL SHARE IN GDP (%) Sector A. AGRICULTURE 1. Crops 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 21.6 21.4 21.1 20.7 19.8 5.5 5.3 5.5 5.2 4.7 8.8 Important Crops Other Crops 2.6 Cotton Ginning 3. Forestry 8.2 7.1 4.6 4.5 6.5 4.1 11.7 11.6 11.3 11.1 11.2 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 2.1 18.5 11.7 0.5 0.6 2.1 19.0 11.9 0.6 2.3 7.1 19.3 11.9 0.6 2.4 7.4 % 2018-19 P 2.4 0.5 4. Fishing 8.5 2017-18 R 2.6 0.7 2. Livestock 8.6 2016-17 F 0.5 0.4 2.1 0.4 0.4 B. INDUSTRIAL SECTOR 21.0 20.4 20.5 20.7 20.9 20.8 20.6 20.3 2. Manufacturing 13.2 13.4 13.6 13.6 13.4 13.5 13.5 13.0 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 1. Mining & Quarrying 3.0 Large Scale Small Scale Slaughtering 3. Electricity Generation & Distribution & Gas Distribution 4. Construction COMMODITY PRODUCING SECTOR (A+B) C. SERVICES SECTOR 1. Wholesale & Retail Trade 2. Transport, Storage & Communication 3. Finance & Insurance 3.0 10.8 10.8 0.9 0.9 1.5 2.4 2.4 1.7 2.3 2.9 11.0 0.9 1.6 2.3 3.0 3.0 10.9 10.7 0.9 0.9 1.8 2.4 1.8 2.6 2.8 10.8 0.9 1.7 2.7 2.9 2.7 10.7 10.2 0.9 0.9 1.5 2.8 2.0 2.0 2.5 42.6 41.8 41.6 41.4 40.7 40.0 39.6 38.8 18.4 18.4 18.5 18.3 18.3 18.7 18.9 18.9 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.2 57.4 13.2 58.2 58.4 58.6 13.3 13.3 13.4 3.1 59.3 60.0 60.4 13.4 13.3 12.9 3.4 3.4 61.2 12.9 3.5 4. Housing Services (Ownership of Dwellings) 6.7 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.6 6. Other Private Services 9.4 9.5 9.7 9.9 10.1 10.4 10.6 11.0 5. General Government Services GDP {Total of GVA at bp (A + B + C)} P: Provisional, R: Revised, 6.7 100.0 7.2 100.0 F: Final 7.1 100.0 7.1 100.0 7.5 100.0 7.5 100.0 8.0 100.0 8.4 100.0 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 12
329. TABLE 1 .3 GROWTH RATES (%) Sector A. Agriculture 1. Crops 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 3.62 2.68 2.50 2.13 7.22 -1.62 -5.86 -1.33 7.24 -22.12 3.22 Important Crops 7.87 Other Crops -7.52 Cotton Ginning 2. Livestock 4. Fishing 6.58 1.88 -12.45 0.75 4.53 4.85 5.65 2.55 2. Manufacturing 2.08 Small Scale Slaughtering 3. Electricity Generation & Distribution & Gas Distribution 0.65 2.48 0.98 3.69 13.48 3.09 1.73 3.49 3.63 3.53 4.77 1.66 4.97 3.36 3.25 2.98 5.64 5.12 -2.06 3.34 3.61 3.55 3.50 3.47 9.39 -2.69 -9.08 40.54 2.92 3.40 4.45 1.13 8.21 8.19 7.26 13.68 4.36 5.72 2.60 4.73 4.89 4. Housing Services (Ownership of Dwellings) 3.99 4.00 4.00 3.99 3.99 5.26 6.22 6.06 6.77 6. Other Private Services GDP {Total of GVA at bp (A + B + C)} P: Provisional, R: Revised, 11.06 11.32 3.84 3.68 6.40 F: Final 0.79 1.40 3.28 5.07 5. General Government Services 4.92 -1.96 3.90 4.31 1.63 4.00 7.72 4.03 8.32 1.23 3.62 -0.60 4.61 1.64 2.99 6.19 2. Transport, Storage & Communication 3. Finance & Insurance 1.95 3.88 -0.74 4.46 -6.55 4.55 -26.38 5.13 3.56 5.69 1.41 4.40 6.15 2.60 5.18 3.38 C. SERVICES SECTOR -2.51 0.85 6.47 5.75 3.63 5.96 -4.43 3.94 2.58 3.53 1.08 4.66 -2.33 5.46 8.29 1.22 2.18 14.31 3.99 4.46 8.28 % 2018-19 P -12.74 1.13 8.35 1.40 0.40 2017-18 R 8.80 3.88 3.08 1. Wholesale & Retail Trade 3.45 0.15 -5.27 2016-17 F 5.58 5.16 4. Construction COMMODITY PRODUCING SECTOR (A+B) 2.51 1.79 B. INDUSTRIAL SECTOR Large Scale -5.71 0.16 -2.90 3.77 1. Mining & Quarrying 0.17 5.58 2.64 13.83 3.99 3. Forestry 1.53 2015-16 6.35 2.86 4.82 4.05 4.06 6.42 9.72 4.56 5.83 8.15 8.95 6.47 7.48 5.43 8.17 8.24 6.25 6.57 -0.27 8.20 -7.57 4.71 3.11 4.27 2.11 3.34 3.99 3.99 4.00 11.12 7.03 5.14 5.95 11.80 7.99 5.22 5.53 3.29 8.13 8.13 7.05 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 13
330. TABLE 1 .4 EXPENDITURE ON GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT AT CONSTANT PRICES OF 2005-06 Flows Household Final Consumption Expenditure 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 F 2017-18 R 2018-19 P Rs Million % Change 2017-18 / 2018-19/ 2016-17 2017-18 General Government Final Consumption Expenditure 7,700,707 7,865,407 8,304,881 8,545,418 9,196,738 9,978,329 10,659,937 11,101,050 6.83 4.14 1,010,601 1,112,404 1,129,117 1,220,931 1,321,395 1,390,837 1,510,860 1,661,397 8.63 9.96 Total Investment 1,454,831 1,495,238 1,536,447 1,760,001 1,887,998 2,073,722 2,218,301 2,047,090 6.97 -7.72 1,299,089 1,332,648 1,366,256 1,581,759 1,699,905 1,875,181 2,008,186 7.09 -8.87 74,993 122,621 82,094 110,647 93,165 142,146 127,016 Gross Fixed Capital Formation A. Private Sector B. Public Sector C. General Govt. 964,142 259,954 1,005,526 1,062,261 204,501 221,902 1,190,708 1,278,275 280,404 328,466 1,334,422 398,614 1,829,962 1,398,669 1,332,499 482,500 380,064 4.81 117,399 -10.64 5.83 -4.73 -7.57 21.04 -21.23 Change in Inventories 155,743 162,590 170,190 178,242 188,093 198,540 210,116 217,127 Export of Goods and Non-Factor Services 1,094,756 1,243,433 1,225,028 1,147,318 1,128,923 1,121,671 1,238,727 1,401,783 10.44 13.16 1,526,988 1,554,628 1,558,582 1,533,530 1,779,230 2,155,784 2,495,588 2,640,861 15.76 5.82 9,733,907 10,161,854 10,636,891 11,140,138 11,755,824 12,408,775 13,132,237 13,570,459 5.83 3.34 386,559 403,132 474,006 548,903 675,096 669,191 673,876 864,920 0.70 28.35 10,120,466 10,564,986 11,110,897 11,689,041 12,430,920 13,077,966 13,806,113 14,435,379 5.57 4.56 269,772 176,255 136,844 107,861 85,976 83,545 73,891 85,164 -11.56 15.26 Less Imports of Goods and Non-Factor Services Expenditure on GDP at Market Prices Plus Net Factor Income from the Rest of the World Expenditure on GNP at at Market Prices Less Indirect Taxes Plus Subsidies GNP at Factor Cost P: Provisional, R: Revised, 533,424 9,856,814 F: Final 519,054 10,222,187 556,679 10,691,062 616,350 11,180,552 14 724,998 11,791,898 795,386 12,366,125 862,628 13,017,376 905,497 8.45 3.34 4.97 13,615,046 5.27 4.59 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
331. TABLE 1 .5 GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT AT CURRENT PRICES Sectors A. Agriculture 1. Crops 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 4,753,075 5,334,976 5,976,217 6,536,122 6,749,966 7,318,465 7,910,922 8,279,814 1,236,453 1,411,388 1,760,329 1,735,888 1,718,029 1,827,252 1,890,526 1,778,254 3.5 -5.9 143,488 142,087 157,467 184,347 162,519 187,240 199,946 172,941 6.8 -13.5 6.2 9.0 1,966,610 Important Crops Other Crops 586,669 Cotton Ginning 2. Livestock 3. Forestry 639,078 2,612,933 695,138 2,690,102 769,867 2,620,390 739,842 2,826,463 811,971 2017-18 R 2,964,029 873,557 2018-19 P 2,824,410 873,215 3,612,244 3,846,646 4,180,531 4,615,565 5,100,770 10.4 62,954 72,538 79,880 90,873 112,223 138,893 148,132 154,992 6.7 153,722 142,902 170,706 172,578 183,196 199,643 4,525,694 5,040,094 5,239,146 5,308,368 5,683,545 6,226,687 7,275,304 2. Manufacturing 2,809,684 3,037,311 3,408,468 3,510,536 3,512,556 3,830,210 4,217,749 241,951 283,107 327,030 373,595 406,648 457,088 506,842 642,205 2,362,410 Small Scale Slaughtering 3. Electricity Generation & Distribution & Gas Distribution 4. Construction COMMODITY PRODUCING SECTOR (A+B) C. SERVICES SECTOR 1. Wholesale & Retail Trade 2. Transport, Storage & Communication 3. Finance & Insurance 4. Housing Services (Ownership of Dwellings) 5. General Government Services 6. Other Private Services GDP {Total of GVA at bp (A + B + C)} Indirest Taxes Subsidies 696,976 2,519,037 741,022 2,824,463 707,236 2,853,222 652,814 2,801,169 644,686 3,044,603 755,223 3,331,363 10.1 13.1 571,021 10.9 978,560 3,768,783 13.1 12.7 283,719 304,739 328,520 379,545 430,700 15.5 13.5 378,140 423,367 484,412 540,859 601,089 679,609 772,755 803,359 13.7 -9.1 50.3 8.7 10.0 7.6 10.2 14.5 28.5 439,637 9,022,741 368,040 406,192 480,515 722,881 11,775,268 12,058,334 13,002,010 14,137,609 15,555,118 4,369,465 4,924,462 5,045,262 5,104,854 5,792,701 6,232,724 6,868,209 1,905,704 2,311,796 2,474,818 3,107,785 984,148 1,092,749 1,229,110 1,626,893 1,860,219 2,139,688 1,244,687 480,960 11,016,311 11,642,671 570,503 529,040 9,860,670 10,338,770 4,006,835 541,909 522,327 1,486,115 13,012,586 584,074 1,660,434 14,314,423 15,343,961 16,975,549 18,247,686 20,397,301 3,697,932 3,522,417 3,739,044 1,371,443 1,506,385 1,668,521 1,848,600 2,063,155 10.8 2,375,495 2,618,997 2,958,640 3,333,280 3,812,369 12.7 1,818,477 544,301 2,050,560 594,362 2,263,393 680,741 2,629,924 874,474 3,040,050 19,361,511 21,503,341 24,028,897 26,089,690 27,402,295 29,977,559 32,385,295 35,952,419 536,551 393,674 340,191 280,549 228,405 225,704 202,348 1,221,540 1,275,990 1,480,099 1,633,881 1,901,743 2,170,448 2,435,629 5.9 36.1 204.65 1.9 26,597,032 29,117,833 30,858,493 33,665,946 36,464,727 41,071,880 117,837 129,005 142,849 153,357 159,426 170,672 181,453 200,693 204.45 219.00 235.18 245.40 246.49 256.29 262.37 281.98 1,320.4 5.66 182.53 1,333.7 7.12 186.19 1,388.8 7.39 15 189.87 1,514.0 4.34 193.56 1,529.4 0.45 197.26 1,630.1 3.97 200.96 1,652.0 2.37 14.4 2,513,111 23,547,264 178.91 1,846,151 15.6 23.1 21,082,207 1,743,643 11.6 -10.3 Gross National Product (mp) 1,782,860 6.1 249,136 2,855,486 38,558,769 1,674,811 16.2 11.8 11.0 34,618,576 1,428,227 -4.7 4.0 8.0 31,922,303 1,161,607 7.5 3,518,864 595,961 29,075,633 F: Final 9.4 29.6 256,975 27,443,022 GDP Deflator (Growth %) P: Provisional, R: Revised, 17.1 235,167 25,168,805 GDP Deflator Index 4.6 4,770,504 22,385,657 Per Capita Income(US $) 10.5 205,323 1,035,707 Per Capita Income(Rs) 0.0 16.8 20,046,500 Population (in million) 4.7 -4.7 9.6 GDP {GVA + T - S} Net Factor Income from Abroad 7.6 3,129,682 136,500 4,269,666 Large Scale 4.9 2,933,384 B. INDUSTRIAL SECTOR 1. Mining & Quarrying 8.1 2,610,408 113,103 4. Fishing 2,192,554 2016-17 F Rs Million % Change 2017-18 / 2018-19/ 2016-17 2017-18 1,497.3 12.2 8.4 8.3 17.2 11.4 12.6 1.8 6.3 10.6 2.4 7.5 1.3 -9.4 7.47 Source : Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
332. TABLE 1 .6 EXPENDITURE ON GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT AT CURRENT PRICES Flows Household Final Consumption Expenditure General Government Final Consumption Expenditure Total Investment Gross Fixed Capital Formation A. Private Sector B. Public Sector C. General Govt. Rs Million % Change 2017-18 / 2018-19/ 2016-17 2017-18 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 F 2017-18 R 2018-19 P 16,527,831 18,091,829 20,391,214 21,890,279 23,266,454 26,148,647 28,561,902 31,670,577 9.23 10.88 2,102,628 2,463,120 2,708,918 3,011,195 3,287,930 3,599,000 4,054,823 4,871,495 12.67 20.14 3,022,202 3,348,297 3,683,523 4,310,484 4,560,840 5,155,623 5,794,841 5,956,896 12.40 2.80 2,701,458 2,990,126 3,280,822 3,871,396 4,095,630 4,644,866 5,240,944 5,339,956 12.83 1.89 155,813 285,094 207,012 284,912 238,143 347,770 314,612 345,328 -9.53 1,950,349 595,296 2,202,307 502,725 2,483,817 589,993 2,843,159 743,325 2,995,889 3,209,360 3,563,992 3,796,096 11.05 6.51 9.76 861,598 1,087,737 1,362,340 1,198,532 25.25 -12.02 Change in Inventories 320,744 358,171 402,701 439,088 465,210 Export of Goods and Non-Factor Services 2,485,097 2,972,178 3,081,312 2,910,171 2,659,178 2,635,927 3,043,923 3,733,088 15.48 22.64 4,091,258 4,489,767 4,696,162 4,679,107 4,698,769 5,616,894 6,836,912 7,673,286 21.72 12.23 20,046,500 22,385,657 25,168,805 27,443,022 29,075,633 31,922,303 34,618,576 38,558,769 8.45 11.38 1,035,707 1,161,607 1,428,227 1,674,811 1,782,860 1,743,643 1,846,151 2,513,111 5.88 36.13 21,082,207 23,547,264 26,597,032 29,117,833 30,858,493 33,665,946 36,464,727 41,071,880 8.31 12.63 536,551 393,674 340,191 280,549 228,405 225,704 202,348 249,136 -10.35 23.12 Less Imports of Goods and Non-Factor Services Expenditure on GDP at Market Prices Plus Net Factor Income from the Rest of the World Expenditure on GNP at at Market Prices Less Indirect Taxes Plus Subsidies GNP at Factor Cost P: Provisional, R: Revised, 1,221,540 20,397,218 F: Final 1,275,990 22,664,948 1,480,099 25,457,124 1,633,881 27,764,501 16 1,901,743 29,185,155 510,757 2,170,448 31,721,202 553,897 2,435,629 34,231,446 616,940 2,855,486 8.45 12.22 11.38 17.24 38,465,530 7.91 12.37 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
333. TABLE 1 .7 GROSS FIXED CAPITAL FORMATION (GFCF) IN PRIVATE, PUBLIC, AND GENERAL GOVERNMENT SECTORS BY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AT CURRENT MARKET PRICES Sector GFCF (A+B+C) 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2,701,458 2,990,126 3,280,822 A. Private Sector 1,950,349 C. General Govt. 595,296 B. Public Sector 155,813 Private & Public (A+B) 2,202,307 285,094 502,725 2014-15 2015-16 3,871,396 4,095,630 2,483,817 2,843,159 589,993 743,325 207,012 284,912 2,995,889 238,143 861,598 2016-17 F 4,644,866 3,209,360 347,770 1,087,737 2017-18 R 5,240,944 3,563,992 314,612 1,362,340 2018-19 P 5,339,956 3,796,096 345,328 1,198,532 2,106,162 2,487,401 2,690,829 3,128,071 3,234,032 3,557,129 3,878,604 4,141,424 1. Agriculture 624,512 698,903 725,388 820,391 850,088 929,275 1,044,927 1,148,271 3. Manufacturing (A+B) 285,010 372,582 547,045 549,740 18,166 20,867 36,322 42,999 SECTOR-WISE: 2. Mining and Quarrying 51,993 A. Large Scale B. Small Scale (including Slaughtering) 4. Electricity Generation & Distribution & Gas Distribution 5. Construction 6. Wholesale and Retail Trade 266,844 44,417 70,138 381,421 74,361 429,484 105,418 485,495 97,825 548,025 70,774 132,760 162,755 104,926 218,447 178,264 163,917 243,208 210,518 57,954 64,422 73,000 74,712 77,462 86,643 95,558 110,035 49,042 39,700 49,009 88,241 59,512 9.0 12.4 -0.2 -13.4 10.3 15.1 -32.6 436,682 538,926 507,856 564,504 635,642 626,506 12.6 9. Housing Services (Ownership of Dwellings) 408,562 468,463 525,816 568,524 577,278 622,467 680,241 795,459 9.3 10. Other Private Services P: Provisional, R: Revised, F: Final 216,645 246,198 40,770 283,646 17 49,559 313,967 57,775 345,387 66,920 389,312 63,442 438,255 60,489 501,969 0.5 48.4 80,661 351,980 47,461 9.9 18.4 268,177 36,096 6.8 9.4 7. Transport & Communication 8. Finance & Insurance 9.8 -0.8 510,723 30,220 -12.0 -9.5 -0.8 514,830 24,453 25.2 506,741 456,222 33,195 6.5 -18.4 403,087 29,273 1.9 11.0 -27.7 357,556 26,397 12.8 57,775 351,715 23,865 Rs Million % Change 2017-18 / 2018-19/ 2016-17 2017-18 -5.2 12.6 (Contd.) 35.5 -1.4 -4.7 16.9 14.5
334. TABLE 1 .7 a GROSS FIXED CAPITAL FORMATION (GFCF) IN PRIVATE SECTOR BY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AT CURRENT MARKET PRICES Sector PRIVATE SECTOR 1. Agriculture 3. Manufacturing (A+B) A. Large Scale B. Small Scale (including Slaughtering) 4. Electricity Generation & Distribution & Gas Distribution 5. Construction 6. Wholesale and Retail Trade 2017-18 R 2018-19 P 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 1,950,349 2,202,307 2,483,817 2,843,159 2,995,889 3,209,360 3,563,992 3,796,096 33,919 29,214 48,205 42,658 77,365 35,296 46,600 35,022 624,418 2. Mining and Quarrying 2016-17 F 2011-12 698,810 282,127 366,804 18,166 20,867 263,961 61,388 13,076 57,954 725,292 375,567 820,265 427,724 483,781 26,397 29,273 345,937 351,702 401,327 9,590 20,855 64,422 73,000 14,219 23,865 29,122 849,943 929,152 1,044,746 519,820 538,644 33,195 36,322 454,508 486,625 55,220 23,156 17,298 75,241 74,712 77,462 86,643 95,558 30,128 43,831 82,429 502,322 52,906 1,147,908 534,126 491,127 42,999 15.1 13.6 -16.5 12.6 14.5 (Contd.) 535,009 541,330 9. Housing Services (Ownership of Dwellings) 408,562 468,463 525,816 568,524 577,278 622,467 680,241 795,459 10. Other Private Services P: Provisional, R: Revised, F: Final 216,645 246,198 283,646 18 313,967 345,387 389,312 56,792 438,255 -2.2 10.3 476,971 49,971 -0.8 110,035 466,875 50,811 3.6 3.2 9.9 -89.6 465,937 44,024 -24.8 335.0 366,473 35,841 32.0 7,836 74,968 267,704 36,883 6.5 12.4 18.4 223,175 29,085 11.0 9.4 7. Transport & Communication 8. Finance & Insurance Rs Million % Change 2017-18 / 2018-19/ 2016-17 2017-18 47,442 501,969 -35.8 12.2 9.3 41.7 1.2 16.9
335. TABLE 1 .7 b GROSS FIXED CAPITAL FORMATION (GFCF) IN PUBLIC AND GENERAL GOVERNMENT SECTORS BY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AT CURRENT MARKET PRICES Sector 2011-12 Public Sector and General Govt. (A+B) A. Public Sector (Autonomous & Semi Auto-Bodies) 751,109 2012-13 787,819 Rs Million % Change 2017-18 / 2018-19/ 2016-17 2017-18 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 F 2017-18 R 2018-19 P 797,005 1,028,237 1,099,741 1,435,507 1,676,952 1,543,860 16.8 -7.9 96 126 145 123 181 363 47.2 100.6 -70.2 85.9 155,813 285,094 207,012 2. Mining and Quarrying 18,074 15,203 21,933 31,703 28,053 62,529 24,174 22,753 -61.3 4. Electricity Generation & Distribution & Gas Distribution 71,372 153,165 84,071 163,227 155,108 146,619 167,967 202,682 14.6 6. Transport & Communication 45,002 84,276 70,209 72,989 40,981 87,533 100,633 85,176 14,146 12,600 18,137 18,232 13,644 16,376 15,450 20,105 7,011 10,578 4,929 B. General Govt. 595,296 Provincial 372,721 1. Agriculture 3. Manufacturing 5. Construction Railways 2,883 11,377 4,265 Post Office & PTCL Others 26,591 7. Finance & Insurance Federal District Governments P: Provisional, R: Revised, 94 144,806 F: Final 77,769 93 5,778 16,001 24,478 47,198 5,854 19,920 8,767 284,912 1,760 9,572 6,196 238,143 1,714 5,178 5,825 347,770 28,205 5,812 39,407 314,612 8,401 6,606 8,627 345,328 15,614 5,693 -9.5 13.7 15.0 9.8 -5.9 20.7 -13.8 -15.4 5,031 -78.1 60,040 141.1 -21.6 -5.7 -41.7 30.1 43,305 48,561 21,512 31,750 76,556 6,650 13,047 502,725 589,993 743,325 861,598 1,087,737 1,362,340 1,198,532 25.2 -12.0 288,464 358,791 442,650 527,461 686,665 909,116 643,778 32.4 -29.2 147,751 66,510 164,736 66,466 19 5,535 208,953 91,722 6,964 229,128 105,009 16,949 312,699 88,373 362,287 90,937 419,804 -60.8 15.9 96.2 15.9 134,950 2.9 48.4 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
336. TABLE 1 .8 GROSS FIXED CAPITAL FORMATION (GFCF) IN PRIVATE, PUBLIC, AND GENERAL GOVERNMENT SECTORS BY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AT CONSTANT PRICES (2005-06) Sector 2011-12 GFCF (A+B+C) 1,299,089 B. Public Sector 74,993 A. Private Sector C. General Govt. Private & Public (A+B) SECTOR-WISE: 1. Agriculture 2. Mining and Quarrying A. Large Scale B. Small Scale (including Slaughtering) 1,332,648 2013-14 1,366,256 2014-15 1,581,759 2015-16 2016-17 F 1,699,905 1,875,181 93,165 142,146 964,142 1,005,526 1,062,261 1,190,708 1,278,275 259,954 204,501 221,902 280,404 328,466 122,621 82,094 110,647 2017-18 R 2,008,186 2018-19 P 1,829,962 1,334,422 1,398,669 1,332,499 398,614 482,500 380,064 127,016 -10.6 3.3 1,128,147 1,144,354 1,301,355 1,371,440 1,476,568 1,525,685 1,449,898 289,469 301,042 296,850 315,526 315,864 331,977 351,196 353,310 125,389 152,586 144,694 116,526 8,863 18,656 143,072 9,514 25,880 26,868 163,023 38,002 185,697 35,837 201,304 25,833 194,452 175,259 180,883 160,692 -4.1 -11.2 47.8 -24.3 10,215 10,966 11,773 12,639 13,569 14,567 88,772 67,224 6. Wholesale and Retail Trade 25,308 26,206 27,456 28,184 29,531 31,751 33,844 34,893 24,268 18,897 23,893 41,492 26,631 2.9 -18.6 4.0 4.0 153,081 180,484 242,486 263,083 297,844 306,393 249,266 9. Housing Services (Ownership of Dwellings) 240,571 250,194 260,202 270,610 281,434 292,691 304,399 316,575 F: Final 122,576 130,470 20 18,695 138,136 22,025 147,647 24,524 159,097 22,469 171,697 7.4 -35.8 122,203 15,334 7.4 32,101 7. Transport & Communication 116,362 -9.9 188,665 60,049 10. Other Private Services P: Provisional, R: Revised, -3.4 173,925 64,262 19,307 0.6 152,057 78,930 15,762 -5.0 134,480 38,716 8. Finance & Insurance -7.6 -21.2 -28.6 68,359 16,140 5.8 -4.7 -27.9 64,438 14,398 21.0 -8.9 18,449 4. Electricity Generation & Distribution & Gas Distribution 5. Construction 7.1 4.8 117,399 1,039,135 25,235 3. Manufacturing (A+B) 2012-13 Rs Million % Change 2017-18 / 2018-19/ 2016-17 2017-18 6.6 19,182 -8.4 183,639 7.9 20.5 3.1 -14.6 7.0 (Contd.)
337. TABLE 1 .8 a GROSS FIXED CAPITAL FORMATION (GFCF) IN PRIVATE SECTOR BY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AT CONSTANT PRICES (2005-06) Sector PRIVATE SECTOR 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 F 2017-18 R 2018-19 F 964,142 1,005,526 1,062,261 1,190,708 1,278,275 1,334,422 1,398,669 1,332,499 4.8 -4.7 16,463 12,270 17,787 15,413 27,889 12,930 17,009 11,183 31.5 -34.3 1. Agriculture 289,415 3. Manufacturing (A+B) 124,130 2. Mining and Quarrying A. Large Scale B. Small Scale (including Slaughtering) 115,267 8,863 300,990 142,493 9,514 10,215 140,722 29,796 4,028 6. Wholesale and Retail Trade 25,308 26,206 7,699 296,800 150,236 4. Electricity Generation & Distribution & Gas Distribution 5. Construction Rs Million % Change 2017-18 / 2018-19/ 2016-17 2017-18 7,594 315,461 162,359 315,789 185,044 331,915 190,968 351,106 191,476 353,141 170,308 5.8 0.3 0.6 -11.1 132,278 151,393 173,271 178,329 177,908 155,740 -0.2 -12.5 7,695 19,952 8,348 6,337 27,463 2,502 333.4 -90.9 27,456 28,184 31,751 33,844 34,893 6.6 14,411 10,966 14,341 11,773 21,368 29,531 12,639 38,759 13,569 23,675 14,567 29,836 7.4 -38.9 7.4 26.0 3.1 7. Transport & Communication 101,697 116,428 151,467 209,645 241,854 251,660 257,885 215,378 2.5 -16.5 9. Housing Services (Ownership of Dwellings) 240,571 250,194 260,202 270,610 281,434 292,691 304,399 316,575 4.0 4.0 8. Finance & Insurance 10. Other Private Services P: Provisional, R: Revised, F: Final 12,701 116,362 15,004 122,576 13,480 130,470 21 16,607 138,136 19,371 147,647 18,312 159,097 20,114 171,697 15,044 183,639 9.8 7.9 -25.2 (Contd.) 7.0
338. TABLE 1 .8 b GROSS FIXED CAPITAL FORMATION (GFCF) IN PUBLIC AND GENERAL GOVERNMENT SECTORS BY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AT CONSTANT PRICES (2005-06) Sector 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Public Sector and General Govt. (A+B) 334,947 327,122 303,996 54 52 50 A. Public Sector (Autonomous & Semi Auto-Bodies) 1. Agriculture 2. Mining and Quarrying 74,993 122,621 2014-15 2015-16 391,051 421,630 65 75 82,094 110,647 2016-17 F 540,759 2017-18 R 609,516 2018-19 P 497,463 Rs Million % Change 2017-18 / 2018-19/ 2016-17 2017-18 12.7 -18.4 45.2 87.8 93,165 142,146 127,016 117,399 -10.6 62 90 169 8,772 6,386 8,093 11,455 10,113 22,907 8,824 7,266 -61.5 4. Electricity Generation & Distribution & Gas Distribution 34,642 64,331 31,021 58,978 55,915 53,712 61,309 64,722 14.1 6. Transport & Communication 20,506 36,653 29,017 32,841 21,229 46,184 48,507 33,889 3. Manufacturing 5. Construction Railways 1,259 6,699 2,350 8,546 2,202 9,857 4,556 2,524 2,733 12,117 20,527 17,898 21,850 11,144 16,752 B. General Govt. 259,954 204,501 221,902 280,404 328,466 Provincial 162,760 117,343 134,945 166,981 201,083 6,446 7. Finance & Insurance 3,061 Federal District Governments P: Provisional, R: Revised, 63,234 F: Final 33,960 5,480 4,303 60,103 27,055 7,496 1,854 61,959 24,998 22 8,203 2,088 78,823 34,600 3,018 10,336 10,646 Others 2,788 653 1,943 Post Office & PTCL 3,623 664 7,068 2,655 87,350 40,032 20,792 2,975 2,956 2,266 -71.2 8.2 5.0 -17.7 66.4 5.6 -23.3 -30.1 2,002 -80.0 -51.9 36,902 23,888 120.3 -35.3 398,614 482,500 380,064 21.0 -21.2 251,636 321,982 204,147 28.0 -36.6 8,640 6,211 114,592 32,385 4,158 4,951 -7.6 7,447 2,355 128,311 32,207 7,999 4,137 133,123 -13.8 -62.1 12.0 7.4 75.7 3.8 42,794 -0.5 32.9 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
340. BLANK PAGE
341. TABLE 2 .1 A INDEX OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION Fiscal Year 2000-01 2001-02 All major crops 93.0 97.0 1999-2000 Base Food Fibre crops crops 91.2 95.0 91.8 90.8 85.2 Other crops 94.0 94.4 103.6 89.4 115.1 - - - - - 2002-03 104.0 2004-05 104.0 106.4 126.9 101.9 117.0 115.0 114.0 118.0 109.5 105.0 108.0 113.0 119.0 118.5 2003-04 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 P P: Provisional 107.0 101.0 126.0 114.0 111.0 119.0 123.0 - 94.9 107.0 108.0 124.0 119.0 120.0 120.0 - 116.0 104.0 115.0 102.0 121.0 - -: Not available - 112.1 Food crops Wheat Maize 95.6 138.0 106.0 125.0 - 25 - - - - 100.0 100.0 98.5 115.9 109.6 104.9 110.3 113.8 122.1 117.9 120.5 125.4 117.9 118.4 99.3 2005-06 Base Cash crop Rice Sugarcane - - - - - - 100.0 - - 100.0 98.0 122.6 115.5 125.3 112.0 119.2 87.0 123.8 100.3 124.1 139.5 111.1 159.0 122.6 169.5 122.6 135.7 158.7 197.2 189.8 202.9 99.8 126.2 123.5 134.3 143.1 110.5 130.7 142.7 151.0 Fibre crop Cotton - - 100.0 98.7 89.5 90.8 99.2 88.0 104.4 100.1 98.1 140.7 107.2 169.0 82.0 146.6 186.6 76.2 91.8 129.8 150.4 75.7 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
342. TABLE 2 .1 B BASIC DATA ON AGRICULTURE Fiscal Year 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 P Cropped Area (million hectares) 22.04 22.12 21.85 22.94 22.78 23.13 23.56 23.85 24.12 23.87 22.72 22.50 22.56 23.16 23.26 23.66 22.63 22.63 22.63 Improved Seed distribution (000 Tonnes) 193.80 191.57 172.02 178.77 218.12 226.07 218.60 264.67 314.63 312.63 331.02 346.38 327.08 359.18 481.00 473.15 428.17 476.61 497.40 Water ^ Availability (MAF) 134.77 134.63 134.48 134.78 135.68 137.98 137.80 137.80 131.51 133.70 137.16 135.86 137.51 137.51 138.59 133.00 132.70 133.40 127.40 Fertilizer Offtake (000 N/T) 2,964.00 2,929.00 3,020.00 3,222.00 3,694.04 3,804.00 3,672.00 3,581.00 3,711.00 4,360.00 3,933.00 3,861.00 3,621.00 4,089.00 4,316.00 3,699.00 5,040.00 4,763.00 3,497.00 Credit disbursed (Rs million) 44,790 52,314 58,915 73,446 108,733 137,474 168,830 211,561 233,010 248,120 263,022 293,850 336,247 391,353 515,875 598,287 704,488 972,606 804,924 TABLE 2.1 B (Continued) BASIC DATA ON AGRICULTURE Fiscal Year 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 P P : Provisional ^: At farm gate Production of Production Milk Fish Total Tractors of meat (000 Tonnes) Production Forest Production (Nos) (000 Tonnes) (000 Tonnes) (000 cu.mtr.) 32,553 2,015 26,284 629.6 472 24,311 2,072 27,031 637.8 487 27,101 2,132 27,811 566.2 266 36,059 2,188 28,624 573.5 313 44,095 2,271 29,438 580.6 282 49,642 2,515 31,970 604.9 265 54,431 2,618 32,986 640.0 373 53,598 2,728 34,064 885.0 363 60,561 2,843 35,160 914.1 347 71,607 2,965 36,299 925.8 356 71,550 3,094 37,475 699.9 352 48,120 3,232 38,617 724.8 354 48,871 3,379 39,855 728.8 354 34,521 3,531 41,133 735.0 45,860 3,696 42,454 765.0 33,883 3,873 43,818 788.0 53,499 4,061 45,227 797.0 52,551 4,262 46,682 807.0 37,399 4,478 48,185 575.0 - : Not available Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics Ministry of National Food Security and Research 26 Tubewells Public & Private (Number in 000) 659.3 707.3 769.0 950.1 984.3 999.6 1,025.8 1,016.1 1,070.0 1,088.0 1,103.4 997.7 1,220.4 1,317.3 1,332.9 1,357.0 1,385.0 1,385.0 (Contd.) P
343. TABLE 2 .2 LAND UTILIZATION Fiscal Year Total Reported Forest Not Avail- Culturable Area Area Area able for Waste Cultivation 1 2 2000-01 79.61 59.44 2002-03 79.61 59.45 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 P 79.61 79.61 79.61 79.61 79.61 79.61 79.61 79.61 79.61 79.61 79.61 79.61 79.61 79.61 79.61 79.61 59.33 59.46 59.48 57.22 57.05 57.08 57.21 57.21 57.64 57.73 57.78 57.99 57.99 58.11 58.00 58.00 3 3.77 3.80 4.04 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.19 4.21 4.21 4.23 4.26 4.26 4.26 4.55 4.54 3.99 4.47 4.47 2018-19 R 79.61 58.00 4.47 P: Provisional R: Repeated 4 24.37 24.31 24.25 24.23 24.39 22.87 22.70 23.41 23.47 23.49 23.37 23.25 23.06 25.56 25.54 25.53 25.51 25.51 25.51 5 9.17 8.95 8.95 9.10 8.94 8.21 8.30 8.19 8.15 8.09 7.98 8.19 8.21 8.27 8.30 8.27 8.37 8.37 8.37 Cultivated Area Current Net Area Total Area Fallow Sown Cultivated (6+7) 6 7 8 6.73 15.40 22.13 6.61 15.60 22.21 6.60 6.23 6.86 6.72 5.72 4.93 5.04 5.20 6.38 7.05 7.04 6.68 6.66 7.43 6.80 6.80 15.67 15.89 15.27 15.39 16.16 16.34 16.34 16.20 15.65 14.98 15.22 15.40 15.46 15.38 15.35 15.35 22.27 22.12 22.13 22.11 21.87 21.17 21.38 21.40 22.03 22.03 22.26 22.06 23.24 22.79 22.16 22.16 (Million hectares) Area Sown Total more than Cropped once Area (7+9) 9 10 6.64 22.04 6.25 21.85 6.45 7.05 7.51 7.74 7.40 7.51 7.78 7.67 7.07 7.52 7.34 7.76 7.82 7.76 7.32 7.32 22.94 22.78 23.13 23.56 23.85 24.12 23.87 22.72 22.50 22.56 23.16 23.26 23.66 22.63 22.63 6.80 15.35 22.16 7.32 22.63 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics Ministry of National Food Security & Research Note: 1. Total Area Reported is the total physical area of the villages/deh, tehsils or districts etc. 3. Forest Area is the area of any land classed or administered as forest under any legal enactment dealing with forests. Any cultivated area which may exist within such forest is shown under heading "cultivated area". 4. Area Not Available for Cultivation is that uncultivated area of the farm which is under farm home-steads, farm roads and other connected purposes and not available for cultivation. 5. Culturable Waste is that uncultivated farm area which is fit for cultivation but was not cropped during the year under reference nor in the year before that. 6. Current Fallow (ploughed but uncropped) is that area which is vacant during the year under reference but was sown at least once during the previous year Cultivated Area is that area which was sown at least during the year under reference or during the previous year. Cultivated Area = Net Area sown + Current Fallow. 7. Net Area Sown is that area which is sown at least once during (Kharif & Rabi) the year under reference. 9. Area Sown more than once is the difference between the total cropped area and the net area sown. 10. Total Cropped Area means the aggregate area of crops raised in a farm during the year under reference including the area under fruit trees. 27 22.12
344. TABLE 2 .3 AREA UNDER IMPORTANT CROPS Fiscal Year Wheat Rice 2000-01 8,181 2002-03 8,034 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 P 8,058 8,216 8,358 8,448 8,578 8,550 9,046 9,132 8,901 8,650 8,660 9,199 9,204 9,224 8,972 8,797 8,740 P: Provisional Note: 1 ha = 2.47 acres Bajra Jowar Maize Barley 2,377 390 354 944 2,225 349 338 935 2,114 2,461 2,520 2,621 2,581 2,515 2,963 2,883 2,365 2,571 2,309 2,789 2,891 2,739 2,724 2,901 2,810 417 539 343 441 504 531 470 476 548 458 461 475 462 486 469 489 456 358 392 308 942 947 982 254 1,042 281 1,052 292 263 248 229 1,017 1,052 935 974 214 1,087 198 1,168 198 195 274 256 255 242 1,060 1,142 1,191 1,348 1,251 1,318 Gram 113 Total Food Grains 12,359 108 11,989 963 111 102 93 90 94 91 86 84 77 72 73 71 68 66 61 58 55 12,000 12,657 905 934 982 12,603 1,094 13,066 12,896 13,020 13,880 13,758 13,094 13,052 12,761 13,900 13,962 13,980 13,830 13,751 13,621 28 Sugar- Rapeseed cane and Mustard 961 273 1,000 269 1,074 259 1,100 256 Sesamum (000 Hectares) Cotton Tobacco 101 2,927 46 88 2,794 47 136 60 2,989 966 243 1,052 1,029 256 71 3,075 1,081 1,029 233 91 2,820 1,029 1,107 1,067 1,054 907 1,241 943 988 217 224 178 212 66 3,116 82 76 80 78 3,193 3,103 3,054 3,106 2,689 1,008 1,058 201 76 2,835 950 1,173 220 82 2,806 992 943 940 971 977 944 1,129 1,141 1,131 1,218 1,343 1,102 224 214 201 190 199 263 71 83 79 80 83 83 2,879 2,961 2,902 2,489 2,700 2,373 49 46 50 56 51 51 50 56 51 46 50 49 54 53 47 46 46 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
345. TABLE 2 .4 PRODUCTION OF IMPORTANT CROPS Fiscal Year Wheat 2000-01 19,024 (000 Tonnes) Cotton Bajra Jowar Maize Barley Total Gram Sugar- Rapeseed SesaTobFood cane and mum (000 tonnes) (000 Bales) acco Grains Mustard 4,803 199 218 1,643 99 25,987 397 43,606 230 50.7 1,826 10,732 85 2002-03 19,183 4,478 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 18,226 19,500 21,612 21,277 23,295 20,959 24,033 23,311 25,214 23,473 24,211 25,979 25,086 25,633 26,674 25,076 2018-19 P 25,195 P: Provisional Rice 3,882 216 222 1,664 100 24,311 362 48,042 221 69.6 1,805 10,613 94 4,848 274 238 1,897 98 26,855 611 53,419 221 25.0 1,709 10,048 86 5,025 5,547 5,438 5,563 6,952 6,883 4,823 6,160 5,536 6,798 7,003 6,801 6,849 7,450 7,202 189 193 221 238 305 296 293 346 304 311 301 294 300 305 339 350 203 186 153 180 170 165 154 141 137 123 119 115 161 148 153 149 1,737 2,797 3,110 3,088 3,605 3,593 3,261 3,707 4,338 4,220 4,944 4,937 5,271 6,134 5,902 6,309 100 92 88 93 87 82 71 71 66 67 67 63 61 58 55 55 25,889 29,905 30,396 32,337 31,198 35,121 33,973 34,302 34,478 34,468 38,208 37,498 38,227 40,168 38,975 39,260 675 868 480 838 475 741 562 496 284 751 399 379 286 330 323 438 29 52,056 47,244 44,666 54,742 63,920 50,045 49,373 55,309 58,397 63,750 67,460 62,826 65,482 75,482 83,333 67,174 215 203 172 212 176 188 151 188 164 205 203 196 185 181 225 225 19.3 30.0 35.0 30.0 32.8 41.0 33.4 31.0 30.2 29.2 32.4 33.1 31.8 34.1 35.2 35.7 1,737 2,426 2,215 2,187 1,982 2,010 2,196 1,949 2,310 2,214 2,170 2,372 1,688 10,211 14,265 101 12,856 103 13,019 11,655 11,819 12,914 11,460 13,595 113 108 105 119 103 98 13,031 108 13,960 120 12,769 9,917 1,815 10,671 1,677 9,861 2,032 88 11,946 130 116 100 107 107 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
346. TABLE 2 .5 YIELD PER HECTARE OF MAJOR AGRICULTURAL CROPS Fiscal Year 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 P P: Provisional Wheat Rice Sugarcane Maize Gram 1,836 48,042 1,766 388 2,325 2,021 2,388 2,013 2,262 2,375 2,568 2,519 2,716 2,451 2,657 2,553 2,833 2,714 2,796 2,824 2,726 2,779 2,973 2,851 2,883 45,376 47,324 1,970 49,738 1,995 48,906 2,116 49,246 2,107 53,199 2,212 51,507 2,346 48,634 2,387 52,357 2,039 55,981 2,396 55,196 2,398 56,466 2,437 57,511 2,422 55,062 2,483 57,897 2,514 61,972 2,568 62,050 2,562 60,956 30 1,741 1,858 2,003 2,848 2,985 3,036 3,427 3,415 3,487 3,806 3,991 3,981 4,233 4,323 4,426 4,550 4,718 439 701 622 793 467 797 429 685 527 471 282 757 420 402 304 340 331 (Kg/Hectare) Cotton 624 579 622 572 760 714 711 649 713 707 725 815 769 774 802 582 729 753 4,787 464 707 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
347. TABLE 2 .6 PRODUCTION AND EXPORT OF FRUIT Fiscal Year Citrus 2000-01 1,898 2002-03 1,702 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 P P: Provisional Mango 439 139 126 33 51 526 1,035 315 143 130 24 52 532 1,037 1,760 1,056 2,458 1,472 2,294 2,132 2,150 1,982 2,147 2,002 2,168 2,395 2,344 2,180 2,351 2,351 Guava 990 1,830 1,944 Production of Important Fruit (000 tonnes) Apple Banana Apricot Almonds Grapes 1,671 1,754 1,719 1,754 1,728 1,846 1,889 1,700 1,680 1,659 1,717 1,637 1,784 1,734 1,722 367 334 352 351 348 442 441 366 526 599 150 125 175 211 148 205 164 197 151 177 158 240 157 238 155 194 139 190 97 189 26 24 23 23 23 27 26 22 22 21 53 51 49 49 47 75 76 65 64 64 539 550 571 552 555 539 512 509 547 495 Export (000 Value tonnes) (Mln. Rs) 260 4,575 263 4,815 290 354 281 455 343 411 5,084 5,913 5,408 7,508 6,894 9,085 469 12,519 669 25,017 687 737 20,094 32,068 556 116 179 22 64 500 718 38,085 617 118 171 22 66 488 682 44,375 606 621 670 565 553 119 178 135 173 137 166 135 142 136 142 `` 31 22 22 22 21 21 66 66 66 67 496 523 548 586 784 677 646 697 45,196 44,607 39,878 43,842 68 566 698 49,355 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
348. TABLE 2 .7 CROP WISE COMPOSITION OF OUTPUT OF IMPORTANT AGRICULTURAL CROPS (AT CONSTANT BASIC PRICES BASE 2005-06) Fiscal Year/ Crops Important Crops Food Crops Wheat Maize Rice Cash Crop Sugarcane Fibre Crop Cotton P: Provisional 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 61.92 44.07 7.50 10.34 58.94 38.92 8.32 11.83 13.15 29.23 28.06 26.05 29.23 26.05 8.09 10.49 11.83 61.21 40.21 11.69 12.03 12.03 58.79 65.26 64.22 10.08 10.98 13.51 14.48 21.22 21.29 38.63 12.04 12.49 12.94 13.09 12.11 13.51 25.70 27.95 21.22 8.88 13.15 13.09 28.06 25.70 32 59.94 40.29 8.83 12.11 27.95 42.24 (% Share) 2018-19 P 100 100 2017-18 61.14 66.04 40.95 37.69 12.29 13.12 13.74 14.48 15.56 13.41 21.29 23.30 20.56 10.33 15.56 23.30 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 40.49 11.81 13.41 20.56
349. TABLE 2 .8 CREDIT DISBURSED BY AGENCIES Fiscal Year 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 P ZTBL 27,610 29,108 Domestic Private Banks 593 PPCBL 5,124 Commercial Banks 12,056 5,128 17,486 MFBs - - Islamic Banks* - MFIs/RSPs ** - - - (Rs million) Total 44,790 52,314 29,270 1,421 5,485 22,739 - - - 58,915 37,409 12,407 7,607 51,310 - - - 108,733 56,473 23,976 7,988 80,393 - - 168,830 29,933 47,594 66,939 75,139 79,012 65,361 66,068 67,068 77,920 2,702 16,023 43,941 41,626 43,777 50,187 60,876 69,271 84,813 7,564 5,889 5,931 7,162 140,312 5,722 8,520 8,304 8,809 10,486 92,451 139,061 10,880 83,187 45,098 184,863 143,249 94,749 110,666 108,708 123,097 67,967 5,579 95,827 90,977 33,247 10,335 10,724 5,452 P: Provisional (Jul-Mar) - : Not available ZTBL: Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited PPCBL: Punjab Provincial Corporative Bank Limited Commercial Banks: Include ABL, HBL, MCB, NBP & UBL MFBs: 11 Microfinance Banks *: 5 Islamic Banks **: 15 Microfinance Institutions / Rural Support Programmes 119,609 - - - - 73,446 137,474 211,561 233,010 248,120 263,022 146,271 12,115 - - 293,850 195,488 22,796 1,527 - 391,353 53,938 8,540 - 598,287 172,833 262,912 311,401 342,068 523,930 450,014 33 18,770 32,951 - 4,991 - - 336,247 515,875 87,772 12,326 19,930 704,488 114,679 22,364 24,069 804,924 124,756 16,392 28,754 972,606 Source: State Bank of Pakistan
350. TABLE 2 .9 FERTILIZER OFFTAKE AND IMPORTS OF FERTILIZERS & PESTICIDES Fiscal Year Nitrogen Fertilizer Offtake (000 N/Tonnes) Phosphorus Potash Total 2000-01 2,264 677 23 2,966 2002-03 2,349 650 20 3,020 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2,285 2,527 2,796 2,926 2,650 2,925 3,034 3,476 3,134 3,207 2,853 3,185 3,309 625 674 864 851 979 630 651 860 767 633 747 881 975 2,672 1,007 3,435 1,279 3,730 2018-19 P 2,551 P: Provisional, (Jul-Mar) 1,269 900 19 2,929 22 3,222 33 3,694 27 43 25 32 21 33 41 568 3,861 1,177 4,089 1,148 3,699 901 4,763 46 796 1,444 5,040 50 784 4,360 4,316 20 764 876 3,621 24 766 3,582 3,933 21 626 1,268 3,710 24 580 3,804 3,672 27 Import of Fertilizers 000 N/Tonnes 645 735 984 961 1,191 Import of Insecticides Quantity Value (Tonnes) (Mln Rs.) 21,255 3,477 22,242 3,441 31,783 41,406 41,561 33,954 29,089 27,814 28,839 5,320 7,157 8,281 6,804 5,848 6,330 8,981 38,227 13,473 32,152 12,255 36,183 17,882 13,178 8,507 23,546 12,572 17,386 15,974 23,157 18,088 26,480 14,058 16,680 19,162 3,497 988 21,175 17,893 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics National Fertilizer Development Centre 34
351. TABLE 2 .10 AVERAGE RETAIL SALE PRICES OF FERTILIZERS Fiscal Year 2000-01 Urea 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 670.0 682.0 411.0 282.0 344.0 539.0 287.0 765.0 780.0 468.0 509.0 527.0 581.0 751.0 799.0 1,035.0 2012-13 1,799.0 2014-15 1,883.0 2013-14 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 SOP 253.0 2010-11 2011-12 DAP 468.0 420.0 2006-07 SSP(G) 300.0 2003-04 2005-06 NP 233.0 394.0 2004-05 AS 363.0 2001-02 2002-03 AN/CAN (Rs per bag of 50 Kgs) 268.0 208.0 353.0 395.0 396.0 471.0 744.0 779.0 622.0 704.0 710.0 670.0 1,267.0 1,223.0 1,452.0 1,124.0 1,566.0 519.0 867.0 843.0 701.0 1,827.0 1,386.0 405.0 1,330.0 1,392.0 1,378.0 373.0 704.0 1,719.0 1,860.0 308.0 - 1,443.0 - 1,606.0 - 1,564.0 - 1,198.0 - 1,241.0 - 2018-19 P 1,718.0 1,542.0 P: Provisional (Jul-Mar) -: Not available AN/CAN: Ammonium Nitrate/Calcium Ammonium Nitrate AS: Ammonium Sulphate DAP: Diammonium Phosphate NP: Nitrophosphate SOP: Sulphate of Potash SSP: Single Super Phosphate 35 1,700.0 2,108.0 280.0 329.0 373.0 407.0 710.0 913.0 1,001.0 572.0 1,934.0 1,497.0 726.0 2,267.0 2,370.0 334.0 874.0 896.0 993.0 2,578.0 3,236.0 4,054.0 2,513.0 1,050.0 3,640.0 2,339.0 1,869.0 2,175.0 996.0 1,170.0 1,260.0 2,584.0 809.0 1,079.0 2,691.0 2,524.0 765.0 1,172.0 1,012.0 973.0 886.0 890.0 3,902.0 3,677.0 3,343.0 2,596.0 2,882.0 985.0 2,091.0 2,807.0 3,797.0 3,945.0 4,233.0 4,904.0 5,131.0 4,100.0 3,659.0 2,822.0 996.0 3,505.0 3,831.0 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics National Fertilizer Development Centre
352. TABLE 2 .11 AREA IRRIGATED BY DIFFERENT SOURCES Fiscal Year Canals Wells 2000-01 6.98 0.16 2002-03 7.06 0.21 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 P P: Provisional 6.81 7.22 7.00 7.06 6.78 6.52 6.42 6.39 6.00 5.59 5.22 5.55 5.55 5.59 5.56 5.66 0.20 0.22 0.25 0.28 0.67 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.36 0.35 0.30 0.38 0.38 0.35 0.10 0.43 Canal Wells Tubewells 0.10 3.19 0.17 3.42 0.16 0.15 0.19 0.20 0.22 0.17 0.20 0.26 0.25 0.19 0.19 0.27 0.27 0.30 0.30 0.28 36 3.45 3.49 3.46 3.58 3.89 3.83 3.82 3.88 3.92 4.03 3.81 3.71 3.71 4.48 3.57 Canal Tubewells (Million hectares) Others Total 7.22 0.17 17.82 7.17 0.20 18.22 7.24 7.47 7.70 7.78 7.78 7.79 7.94 7.07 7.60 7.86 7.86 8.15 8.15 8.19 7.89 0.18 0.21 0.24 0.22 0.25 0.28 0.24 0.28 0.72 0.72 0.19 0.17 0.17 0.26 0.21 18.04 18.76 18.84 19.12 19.59 19.29 19.39 20.06 19.16 18.99 18.68 19.28 19.28 19.33 18.91 3.57 8.19 0.21 19.32 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics Ministry of National Food Security & Research
353. TABLE 2 .12 PROCUREMENT/SUPPORT PRICES OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES Fiscal Wheat Year Rice 2000-01 300.0 Basmati 385 - 2002-03 300.0 - 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 300.0 350.0 400.0 415.0 425.0 625.0 2017-18 2018-19 - Basmati Super 2000 460.0 - 385.0 460.0 - 950.0 - - 950.0 1,200.0 2016-17 - Basmati 385 385.0 1,400.0 2013-14 2015-16 - 1,200.0 1,300.0 1,300.0 1,300.0 1,300.0 1,300.0 - Sugarcane (at factory gate)** Irri-6 (F.A.Q) - 2,500.0 1,050.0 2014-15 - Paddy 950.0 2011-12 2012-13 - (Rs per 40 Kg) 385.0 400.0 415.0 460.0 - 1,250.0 - 1,000.0 - - - - Irri-6 205.0 460.0 205.0 205.0 485.0 215.0 510.0 230.0 560.0 300.0 - 306.0 - 1,500.0 * 1,250.0 * - - 700.0 42.0 42.0 42.0 48.0 65.0 65.0 80.0 35.0 36.0 Balochistan 36.0 42.0 43.0 43.0 42.0 42.0 42.0 45.0 60.0 60.0 80.0 Sindh 43.0 43.0 43.0 60.0 67.0 63.0 81.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 - - 150.0 150.0 154.0 - - - - - - - - - - - - F.A.Q : Fair Average Quality - : Not available *: Price of Basmati Super (Paddy) Rs. 1500/40kg for 2008-09 and Rs. 1250 for 2009-10 ** : Sugarcane prices are fixed by the respective Provincial Governments @: Niab-78, CIM ^: As recommended by API - 170.0 170.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 170.0 170.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 180.0 125.0 172.0 172.0 182.0 172.0 182.0 182.0 182.0 850.0 ^ 925.0 ^ 975.0 ^ 1465.0 - 125.0 800.0 ^ - - 102.0 125.0 780.0 ^ 1025.0 100.0 - B-557 149-F 725.0 @ - 100.0 - 37 42.0 Punjab 600.0 - - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 35.0 Seed Cotton (Phutti) - 1025.0 - - 3000.0 - - - 3000.0 ^ - (Contd.)
354. TABLE 2 .13 PROCUREMENT, RELEASES AND STOCKS OF WHEAT Fiscal Year Wheat (May-April) Releases Procurement 2000-01 8,582.0 5,537.0 2002-03 4,045.0 5,130.0 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 P P: Provisional - : Not available *: Procurement Targets for 2018-19 **: As on 02-04-2019 4,081.0 3,683.0 992.0 4,104.0 3,939.0 161.0 4,500.0 4,514.0 4,422.0 350.0 2,088.4 2,107.4 6,320.0 136.0 6,003.0 3,918.0 9,200.0 501.0 5,784.4 6,715.0 6,150.0 821.9 5,985.0 4,223.0 5,820.0 3,506.0 6,404.0 5,792.0 7,910.0 3,186.0 6,363.0 5,948.0 1,681.0 6,149.0 6,139.0 7,566.0 3,380.0 5,806.0 4,468.1 6,516.0 5,989.0 6,447.0 - 6,900.0 * Stocks As on 1st May 3,552.0 3,376.0 3,514.0 (000 tonnes) - 6,284.0 4,531.0 5,942.0 4,473.0 ** Source: Ministry of National Food Security & Research 38
355. TABLE 2 .14 LIVESTOCK POPULATION Fiscal Year 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06* Buffalo Cattle 24.0 22.8 23.3 24.8 25.5 26.3 27.3 22.4 23.3 23.8 24.2 29.6 Goat 49.1 50.9 52.8 54.7 56.7 53.8 (Million Numbers) Sheep Poultry Camels Asses Horses Mules 24.4 330.0 0.8 3.9 0.3 0.2 24.2 24.6 24.7 24.9 26.5 292.4 346.1 352.6 372.0 433.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.9 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 2006-07 28.2 30.7 55.2 26.8 477.0 0.9 4.3 0.3 0.2 2008-09 29.9 33.0 58.3 27.4 562.0 1.0 4.5 0.4 0.2 2007-08 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 29.0 30.8 31.7 32.7 33.7 34.6 35.6 36.6 37.7 38.8 31.8 34.3 35.6 36.9 38.3 39.7 41.2 42.8 44.4 46.1 56.7 59.9 61.5 63.1 64.9 66.6 68.4 70.3 72.2 74.1 27.1 27.8 28.1 28.4 28.8 29.1 29.4 518.0 610.0 663.0 721.0 785.0 855.0 932.0 29.8 1016.0 30.5 1210.0 30.1 1108.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 2018-19 40.0 47.8 76.1 30.9 1321.0 1.1 5.4 0.4 0.2 *: Actual figures of Livestock Census 2006 Source: Ministry of National Food Security & Research Note: Estimated figures based on inter census growth rate of Livestock Census 1996 & 2006 39
356. TABLE 2 .15 LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS Fiscal Year Milk* Beef 2000-01 26,284 1,010 2002-03 27,811 1,060 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06** 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 27,031 28,624 29,438 31,970 32,996 34,064 35,160 36,299 37,475 2011-12 38,617 2013-14 41,133 2012-13 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 39,855 42,454 43,818 45,227 46,682 1,034 1,087 1,115 1,449 1,498 1,549 1,601 1,655 1,711 1,769 1,829 1,887 1,951 2,017 2,085 2,155 Mutton Poultry Meat Wool Hair Bones Fats Blood 666 339 39.2 18.6 331.4 123.5 41.8 702 370 39.7 19.9 347.6 129.7 44.0 683 720 739 554 566 578 590 603 616 629 643 657 355 378 384 512 554 601 652 707 767 834 907 987 39.4 39.9 40.0 40.1 40.6 41.0 41.5 42.0 42.5 43.0 43.6 44.1 671 1074 44.6 701 1276 45.7 686 717 2018-19 48,185 2,227 732 *: Human Consumption **: Actual figures of Livestock Census 2006 1170 1391 1518 45.1 46.2 46.8 Note: From 2006-07 onward figures estimates are based on Inter census growth rate of Livestock Census 1996 & 2006 40 19.3 20.7 20.7 20.3 20.8 21.4 22.0 22.6 23.2 23.8 24.4 25.1 339.4 356.2 365.1 633.5 652.5 672.2 692.4 713.4 735.1 757.5 780.5 802.9 126.5 132.9 136.3 203.3 209.2 215.3 221.6 228.1 234.8 241.7 248.8 255.8 25.8 827.2 263.3 27.2 878.2 279.0 26.5 27.9 28.6 852.3 904.9 271.0 287.3 42.9 45.2 45.2 51.4 Eggs (000 Tonnes) Hides Skins (Mln.Nos.)(Mln.Nos.)(Mln.Nos.) 7,505 7.8 38.2 7,860 8.2 40.3 7,679 8,102 8,529 7.9 8.4 8.6 9,712 11.4 54.1 10,711 12.2 52.7 10,197 55.4 11,258 56.8 11,839 58.3 12,857 59.8 13,114 61.3 13,813 62.8 14,556 64.4 15,346 66.1 16,188 67.8 17,083 69.5 18,037 11.8 12.6 13.0 13.5 13.9 14.4 14.9 15.4 15.9 16.4 17.0 39.2 42.4 42.6 43.3 44.3 45.3 46.3 47.4 48.5 49.6 50.7 51.9 53.1 54.3 55.5 56.8 932.5 295.8 71.3 19,052 17.5 58.1 Source: Ministry of National Food Security & Research
358. BLANK PAGE
359. TABLE 3 .1 RESERVES AND EXTRACTION OF PRINCIPAL MINERALS Minerals in 000 tonnes Years Antimony (tonnes) Argonite/ China Marble Clay (000 tonnes) (000 tonnes) Celestite (tonnes) Chromite Coal (000 tonnes) (000 tonnes) Dolomite (tonnes) Fire Clay (000 tonnes) Fullers Gypsum Lime Earth Anhydrite Stone (000 tonnes) (000 tonnes) (000 tonnes) 2000-01 95 620 47 807 22 3,285 352,689 164 13 364 10,870 2002-03 - 1,066 40 402 31 3,609 340,864 117 15 424 11,880 5 1,280 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 37 - 1,836 245 1,537 119 2008-09 75 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 F 2016-17 R 2017-18 P Jul-Feb 2017-18 2018-19 P - : Not available 994 91 2006-07 2007-08 685 25 25 12 89 979 114 21 65 - - 1,980 1,145 1,065 1,133 1,751 2,360 2,920 2,874 4,747 4,906 8,813 5,281 5,043 P : Provisional 54 25 382 570 24 29 3,512 3,325 38 1,855 56 3,367 31 1,530 104 3,702 470 90 53 32 17 23 16 22 23 16 19 21 29 19 11 11 3,160 1,310 160 65 115 257 - 148 - 136 - 179 86 - 102 - 105 - 69 97 63 255 43 3,881 4,066 3,679 3,536 3,292 3,179 2,813 3,340 3,408 3,749 3,954 4,478 2,889 2,453 312,886 297,419 199,653 183,952 342,463 359,994 249,918 130,408 240,111 198,392 335,819 720,633 222,378 669,920 301,124 488,825 284,498 190,589 171 193 254 333 347 330 389 329 274 408 455 465 405 16 14 17 16 12 11 10 11 4 402 467 552 601 624 660 800 854 885 7 1,260 6 1,326 4 8 1,250 1,417 13,150 14,857 18,428 25,512 31,794 33,186 37,137 32,021 35,016 38,932 38,787 40,470 551 14 842 9 2,476 70,819 7 1,564 44,335 584 588 469 18 16 1,872 10,820 2,080 1,889 46,123 52,149 47,480 (Contd.)
360. TABLE 3 .1 RESERVES AND EXTRACTION OF PRINCIPAL MINERALS Minerals in 000 tonnes Years Magnesite (tonnes) Rock Silica Salt Sand (000 tonnes) (000 tonnes) Ochre (tonnes) Sulphur (tonnes) Soap Stone (000 tonnes) Baryte (000 tonnes) Bauxite/ Laterite (tonnes) Iron Ore (tonnes) Crude Oil (m. barrels) Natural Gas (000 m.cu.mtr.) 2000-01 4,645 1,394 155 4,691 17,428 47 28 35,114 24,765 21.08 24.78 2002-03 2,645 1,426 185 6,733 19,402 66 41 67,536 11,483 23.46 28.11 78,288 104,278 47 150,842 150,695 63 137,485 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 4,637 6,074 3,029 1,161 3,445 3,940 2,639 5,159 4,908 5,444 6,705 4,130 4,581 2015-16 F 35,228 2017-18 P 23,596 2016-17 R Jul-Feb 2017-18 2018-19 P P : Provisional 19,656 15,547 40,242 1,423 1,640 1,648 1,859 1,873 1,849 1,917 1,944 1,954 2,136 2,160 2,220 2,136 3,553 3,534 3,654 2,361 2,712 157 259 5,064 7,861 309 18,686 402 61,665 411 403 370 411 301 270 356 298 268 387 338 376 243 302 34,320 46,215 56,617 55,352 36,078 42,107 37,769 32,634 33,909 68,352 86,080 75,939 51,769 64,357 22,580 23,873 24,158 24,695 27,710 29,485 25,784 26,641 27,645 25,560 20,610 39 53 21 21 45 38 14 54 48 56 21 44 42 52 54 57 32 49 37,182 88,044 60,370 174,223 190,077 308,027 323,848 4,942 84,946 131,259 286,255 320,214 447,541 329,100 384,893 23.19 22.62 24.12 23.94 24.62 25.48 24.03 23.71 24.04 24.57 26.16 34.06 38.08 39.65 40.03 41.17 41.37 41.99 41.68 44.15 93 118 353,355 412,108 27.84 42.65 19,730 116 205 451,818 328,702 34.49 41.51 23,740 152 92 719,030 501,664 32.27 35,672 14,869 22,040 14,050 13,935 44 89 126 142 104 81 134 158 89 56 71 480,054 773,289 995,855 618,968 704,869 197,074 432,156 677,206 444,318 478,035 31.58 31.65 32.56 21.75 21.86 42.30 41.96 41.68 41.32 27.71 27.16 Source : Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
361. TABLE 3 .2 PRODUCTION INDEX OF MINING AND MANUFACTURING Mining Year 2000-01 105.6 2002-03 119.6 2001-02 112.5 2003-04 100.0 2007-08 108.9 2006-07 Base Year 2005-06=100 109.1 109.6 108.0 2011-12 111.1 113.7 2012-13 112.4 115.3 2013-14 117.4 118.5 2014-15 123.7 120.5 2015-16 127.9 121.6 2016-17 F 131.9 123.2 2017-18 R 139.5 129.8 R: Revised 100.0 116.1 110.2 2010-11 173.0 109.5 108.1 2009-10 P : Provisional *: Jul - Feb 146.4 103.7 2008-09 101.0 123.1 148.7 2005-06 Manufacturing 114.8 134.8 2004-05 2018-19 (Jul-Mar) P Base Year 1999-2000 = 100 132.3 * F: Final 45 147.6 145.5 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
362. TABLE 3 .3 COTTON TEXTILES STATISTICS Year No. of Mills Installed Capacity No. of No. of Spindles Looms (000) (000) 2000-01 353 8,601 10 2002-03 453 9,260 10 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 P 350 456 9,060 9,499 518 10,941 521 11,266 524 521 521 526 524 512 526 538 411 408 408 408 408 P : Provisional (Jul-Mar) 11,292 11,834 11,366 11,392 11,762 11,762 11,946 13,269 13,184 13,142 13,409 13,409 13,409 10 10 9 9 Working at the end of the period No. of No. of Spindles Looms (000) (000) 490.2 7,676 5 67,519 38.7 2,372.7 1,924.9 1,833.7 582.1 7,934 8,852 9,754 9,960 10,653 9 9 (mln. sq mtr.) 1,652.7 7 9 (tonnes) 1,721.0 10,632 8 (mln.kg) Total Production of Cloth 2,078.3 7 8 (mln kg) Surplus Yarn 34.1 9,968 8 (Million) Total Yarn Produced 59,219 8 8 (Million) Consumption of Cotton 4 7,440 10,057 7 Loom Hours Worked 6,913 8 8 Spindle Hours Worked 10,757 10,872 10,999 11,058 11,263 11,338 11,313 11,338 5 61,877 4 70,214 4 72,254 4 74,884 4 76,892 4 76,000 4 75,325 5 74,654 5 76,835 5 76,933 5 76,757 6 78,207 5 79,184 5 78,548 6 77,213 6 51,280 6 60,630 46 36.3 32.6 30.3 24.8 21.7 21.5 24.0 22.4 22.9 22.6 23.4 23.5 24.2 28.0 29.7 19.3 22.2 2,165.2 2,407.7 2,622.8 2,932.6 3,143.5 3,169.2 3,195.6 3,372.4 3,405.7 3,427.1 3,539.3 3,675.5 2,732.7 2,732.5 2,733.1 1,825.0 2,054.3 1,808.6 1,938.9 2,290.3 2,546.5 2,845.2 2,914.6 2,913.4 2,787.3 2,939.5 2,954.6 3,017.9 3,333.4 3,369.7 3,415.3 3,428.1 3,430.1 2,287.2 1,731.2 1,845.7 2,184.3 2,460.5 2,623.2 568.4 683.4 925.0 903.8 977.8 2,704.4 1,016.4 2,703.9 1,009.5 2,753.3 2,851.2 2,857.3 2,960.9 2,669.5 3,256.2 3,301.6 3,315.3 2,190.3 2,199.0 1,016.9 1,029.5 1,020.3 1,029.1 1,036.1 1,036.9 1,039.2 1,043.3 1,044.1 697.6 Source : Textile Commissioner Organization
363. TABLE 3 .4 PRODUCTION OF FERTILIZERS, VEGETABLE GHEE, SUGAR AND CEMENT Year Urea 2000-01 4,005.1 2002-03 4,401.9 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Jul-Mar 2017-18 2018-19 P P : Provisional 4,259.6 4,431.6 4,606.4 4,806.4 4,732.5 4,925.0 4,918.4 5,056.5 4,552.1 4,470.1 4,215.1 4,930.3 5,073.1 5,846.9 5,912.7 5,405.2 4,067.9 4,378.4 Super Phosphate 159.6 Fertilizers Ammonium Nitrate 161.0 147.2 167.7 163.1 160.8 148.9 157.7 187.4 148.7 173.3 114.7 79.3 87.8 63.6 89.5 81.6 65.2 51.6 65.0 - : Not available 374.4 Ammonium Sulphate 329.4 - 335.3 - 350.4 - 329.9 - 327.9 - 330.8 - 343.7 - 344.3 - 345.5 - 275.1 - 432.3 - 401.3 - 519.1 - 569.2 - 647.4 - 664.7 - 518.9 - 410.0 - 343.2 - 47 Nitro Phosphate Vegetable Ghee Sugar (000 tonnes) Cement 282.5 835 2,956 9,672 304.9 772 3,686 10,845 3,116 16,353 305.7 363.5 797 888 338.9 1,048 325.8 1,180 356.6 329.7 305.7 304.4 252.3 337.6 291.9 447.1 501.9 594.6 630.2 471.4 377.9 337.0 1,151 1,137 1,060 1,075 1,091 1,102 1,138 1,185 1,185 1,241 1,280 1,358 1,023 1,031 3,247 4,021 2,960 3,527 4,733 3,190 3,143 4,169 4,634 5,073 5,582 5,149 5,115 7,049 6,566 5,654 4,899 9,935 12,862 18,564 22,739 26,751 28,380 31,358 28,716 29,557 31,055 31,418 32,185 35,432 37,022 41,148 31,228 29,527 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
364. TABLE 3 .5 PRODUCTION OF SELECTED INDUSTRIAL ITEMS Year 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Food and Tobacco Beverages Cigarettes (Million (Million litres) Nos) 2,542 58,259 2,289 49,365 2,492 2,691 3,424 1,161 1,550 1,841 1,894 1,554 1,490 1,812 2,077 2,550 55,100 105 118,0 75,609 137 65,403 61,954 2016-17 3,565 34,341 2017-18 Jul-Mar 2017-18 2018-19 P P : Provisional 3,456 2,424 2,365 59,058 45,627 48,931 5,336 5,942 6,279 7,164 5,330 4,768 4,900 5,287 5,892 7,058 8,942 8,270 9,612 10,204 3,213 6,876 9,222 19,108 9,627 20,152 20,338 20,269 20,825 9,058 22,001 9,710 24,635 74 10,400 56 7,807 8,066 48 4,964 4,652 14,515 9,735 48 4,091 4,056 7,089 8,802 60 3,419 Cycle Tubes (000 Nos) 10,420 7,864 55 3,387 Cycle Tyres (000 Nos) 5,182 7,011 102 Rubber 10,277 8,672 94 Motor Tubes (000 Nos) 7,027 6,990 93 94 53,522 5,175 106 103 62,667 3,360 129 67,377 64,482 2,694 105 65,980 65,292 2,439 96 64,137 67,446 Motor Tyres (000 Nos) 82 104 61,097 2,954 3,137 89 55,399 2014-15 2015-16 Jute Textiles (000 tonnes) 24,467 24,668 18,506 19,037 4,243 3,405 2,879 3,431 3,429 4,038 4,633 4,205 3,930 3,792 2,876 3,344 9,224 7,273 6,534 6,846 7,746 8,061 8,391 7,285 7,577 7,774 5,905 7,174 (Contd.)
365. TABLE 3 .5 PRODUCTION OF SELECTED INDUSTRIAL ITEMS Chemicals Year Soda Ash 2000-01 (000 tonnes) 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Jul-Mar 2017-18 2018-19 P P : Provisional 217.9 215.2 280.3 286.5 297.3 318.7 330.6 Sulphuric Acid (000 tonnes) (000 tonnes) 59.4 150.3 57.1 56.0 64.7 91.3 94.4 96.3 364.9 102.8 409.6 84.7 365.3 97.1 378.0 114.7 366.2 89.4 370.7 409.1 437.1 468.5 479.7 509.8 370.0 415.8 Caustic Soda 100.4 85.3 70.2 75.1 56.0 48.6 37.5 40.8 145.5 164.4 187.5 206.7 219.3 242.2 248.3 245.3 182.3 172.0 179.1 182.8 167.4 183.5 225.3 223.9 270.1 195.1 185.9 Chlorine Gas (000 tonnes) Paints & Varnishes (tonnes) 14.5 10,922 15.1 10,341 15.9 Polishes & Creams for Footwear (mln. grams) 906.7 920.9 3,899 935.3 19.1 15,023 959.6 17.2 23,936 17.2 5,406 18.3 17,147 18.2 26,308 16.5 29,831 16.1 15.1 15.5 53,651 16.3 49,173 16.8 52,082 13.2 39,304 13.7 37,763 49 998.5 1,028.8 48,631 16.4 988.6 23,026 37,236 17.4 978.8 1,008.5 28,048 14.9 969.2 30,749 25,673 15.8 950.1 1,018.6 1,039.0 1,049.4 Transport, Machinery & Electrical Appliances Sewing Total Bicycles Machines TV Sets (000 Nos.) 569.6 553.4 629.7 664.1 587.9 589.6 486.3 535.5 419.9 447.2 345.2 262.1 232.9 203.7 (000 Nos.) 26.9 (000 Nos.) 97.4 24.0 450.0 35.0 843.1 30.6 36.1 39.1 52.2 57.3 50.8 48.6 47.0 39.6 32.8 19.8 764.6 908.8 935.1 608.6 716.1 402.3 342.9 425.5 268.8 462.9 426.6 975.7 210.9 19.3 428.1 995.3 200.2 18.3 438.9 985.5 1,005.3 695.6 702.5 199.0 200.6 150.0 131.2 13.5 23.4 15.8 26.4 453.2 400.3 298.9 291.8 (Contd.)
366. TABLE 3 .5 PRODUCTION OF SELECTED INDUSTRIAL ITEMS Year 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 Electrical Appliances Electric Electric Bulbs Tubes (Mln.Nos) 55.2 52.8 58.3 2003-04 139.4 2005-06 143.6 2004-05 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Jul-Mar 2017-18 2018-19 P P : Provisional 146.7 145.0 129.8 91.8 75.5 79.6 79.0 79.7 75.1 64.6 73.9 72.4 76.4 58.2 49.0 (000 metres) 10,548.0 10,441.0 10,844.0 14,630.0 19,819.0 19,992.0 21,400.0 19,524.0 11,101.0 2,914.0 1,180.0 1,266.0 - - - -: Not available Paper & Board Paper Paper Board (All Types) (000 tonnes) (000 tonnes) 246.3 165.1 225.7 1,664.7 148.0 775.2 1,140.2 1,874.2 167.7 280.4 161.7 227.6 192.0 168.8 252.5 178.1 248.7 206.1 228.7 283.0 246.3 381.9 232.4 465.8 218.7 415.7 376.9 457.3 182.3 1,179.9 1,137.2 768.0 2,118.9 2,430.1 3380,6 326.3 1,008.8 3677,8 423.7 791.1 1,943.4 433.1 1,628.9 290.9 342.8 301.7 192.9 203.3 31.9 993.4 483.3 249.1 201.5 89.4 2873,8 1,663.8 1,616.4 1,638.5 2,128.3 2,730.9 263.9 0.0 0.0 4,099.0 195.8 50 772.8 1,874.2 265.5 204.1 329.9 785.5 1,042.9 275.8 273.9 342.7 694.6 204.0 233.1 404.6 Billets (000 tonnes) 1,071.2 163.7 286.1 (000 tonnes) 717.3 156.8 236.5 (000 tonnes) Steel Products Pig Iron 531.1 137.9 203.8 Coke 57.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,183.3 5,186.0 3,973.0 2,991.0 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
367. TABLE 3 .6 PERCENT GROWTH OF SELECTED INDUSTRIAL ITEMS 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Cotton Yarn 3.10 5.10 5.90 2.44 2008-09 (0.04) 2010-11 5.46 2009-10 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Jul-Mar 2017-18 2018-19 P 11.10 2.40 16.90 (3.20) (10.40) 2.50 35.30 0.80 18.00 10.30 8.18 3.95 0.05 (8.70) 15.10 (0.30) 9.90 12.97 9.29 (12.30) 1.57 0.52 0.30 0.98 8.62 1.09 1.36 0.66 0.06 0.06 0.02 0.56 9.28 0.68 (1.07) 0.22 (41.33) 0.04 23.86 0.05 33.36 0.08 0.40 0.07 2.22 12.10 3.80 (11.30) 9.20 30.30 27.10 3.80 (1.80) 2.70 9.00 18.60 7.50 4.30 (2.76) 3.27 Soda Ash 13.50 22.49 Caustic Soda 21.70 9.30 13.50 10.20 (22.50) 10.45 19.16 (1.18) (32.61) (5.62) 32.62 2.11 9.48 3.30 2.20 14.10 7.20 3.74 6.10 17.64 10.37 3.58 10.49 12.12 (25.70) 0.08 2.93 (1.93) 4.11 1.58 6.09 0.11 2.50 1.01 (5.27) 4.08 (4.30) 16.50 1.17 11.72 (8.42) 4.78 (14.59) 13.87 10.09 7.18 22.45 6.07 71.98 (9.88) 11.14 84.90 (8.30) 12.42 3.25 8.15 3.12 0.17 (8.88) 8.75 (4.02) (2.81) (35.84) 7.41 0.75 7.24 51 4.56 1.66 4.50 (8.43) 5.07 2.44 4.49 (5.45) (7.70) (1.22) 6.83 2.39 (in %) Sugar 3.00 (1.20) (13.65) (0.40) (14.06) 5.00 2.87 Cement 1.38 (7.21) Note : Figures in parenthesis represent negative growth 12.20 (3.63) (6.75) (22.68) (5.40) 2.45 6.50 (0.74) 1.08 (4.50) 8.90 (4.33) 3.57 Cigarettes Fertilizers 24.02 (2.30) 11.73 Veg.Ghee 19.60 11.73 2006-07 Jute Goods 4.60 16.00 17.40 18.20 2007-08 12.10 0.70 2004-05 2005-06 Cotton Cloth 9.85 9.80 9.10 (5.00) 34.20 (1.44) 11.16 10.03 (7.75) (0.68) 6.26 (0.62) 20.67 37.80 3.30 21.12 (11.68) 12.36 (4.69) (6.85) (13.35) Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
368. BLANK PAGE
370. BLANK PAGE
371. TABLE 4 .1 FEDERAL GOVERNMENT OVERALL BUDGETARY POSITION Fiscal Year / Item 2017-18 A. REVENUE (Rs million) 2018-19 (Jul-Mar) P FBR Tax Revenue (1 +2) 3,842,148 * 2,704,528 2. 2,305,512 1,707,117 1,491,310 1,048,465 1. Direct Taxes 1,536,636 Indirect Taxes i. Customs iii. Federal Excise ii. Others** 608,325 Sales Tax 205,877 223,640 Non-Tax Revenue 630,379 Gross Revenue Receipts B. EXPENDITURE Current Expenditure i. Defence iii. Grants ii. vi. Development Expenditure and Net Lending P : Provisional 169,896 368,892 3,814,468 3,202,418 1,499,922 1,459,211 875,678 719,923 4,704,303 3,655,193 889,835 Total Expenditure 151,466 3,243,316 408,461 Others*** 507,186 4,696,167 1,030,407 Mark-up payments 997,411 774,708 248,576 452,775 Source: Budget Wing, Finance Division, Islamabad * : Revised FBR tax collection 2017-18 is Rs. 3,843.755 million. ** : Includes Petroleum Levy, Airport tax , other taxes of ICT, Gas Infrastructure Development Cess and Natural Gas Development Surcharge *** : Includes other categories not shown here 55
372. TABLE 4 .2 SUMMARY OF PUBLIC FINANCE (CONSOLIDATED FEDERAL & PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTS) Fiscal Year / Items Total Revenues (i+ii) Federal Provincial i) Tax Revenues Federal Provincial ii) Non-Tax Revenues Federal Provincial Total Expenditures (a+b+c+d) a) Current Federal Provincial b) Development (PSDP) c) Net Lending to PSE's d) Statistical Discrepancy Overall Deficit Financing (net) External (net) 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2,566,514 2,982,436 3,637,297 3,931,042 4,446,979 155,217 222,000 239,343 281,438 376,587 2,411,297 2,760,436 3,397,954 3,649,604 2,052,886 2,199,232 2,564,509 3,017,596 107,189 150,723 189,969 205,823 1,945,697 513,628 465,600 48,028 2,048,509 2,374,540 783,204 1,072,788 71,277 49,374 711,927 1,023,414 2,811,773 913,446 2,565,222 2,831,249 3,037,584 786,561 967,475 760,854 93,314 79,499 146,697 614,157 7,488,394 2,874,424 287,708 421,605 356,305 65,300 5,506,217 1,387,163 1,550,018 1,725,704 2,064,499 1,617,434 100,610 -1,760,671 -1,833,864 -1,388,719 -1,456,725 128,650 -1,676 511,727 181,032 1,135,918 1,113,223 -215,094 -177,584 1,388,719 401,372 4,065,788 4,798,350 362,783 1,833,864 321,772 3,647,476 5,854,266 12,019 1,760,671 283,273 3,377,145 353,008 3,162,132 5,197,854 1,173,333 15,987 4,467,160 3,230,729 4,694,294 1,095,212 69,829 548,069 3,583,737 4,424,747 967,770 777,096 5,228,014 4,679,945 3,969,248 6,800,520 2,500,717 2017-18 3,660,418 5,796,302 5,387,767 776,850 401,271 887,976 5,026,016 4,004,582 4,936,723 4,535,452 693,247 75,615 4,816,300 3,660,434 4,070,392 2016-17 837,831 4,327,185 3,468,487 2015-16 (Rs million) 2018-19 (Jul-Mar) P 27,381 1,456,725 3,144,276 1,301,473 12,631 -212,096 -1,349,323 1,349,323 370,465 3,472,150 1,693,474 -12,817 -77,991 3,789,767 1,584,057 37,625 12,446 -1,863,797 -2,260,380 541,390 785,166 1,863,797 2,260,380 3,180,916 655,854 28,303 23,710 -1,922,480 1,922,480 524,457 Domestic (i+ii+iii) 1,632,021 1,835,540 876,992 1,275,693 978,858 1,322,407 1,475,214 1,398,023 ii) Bank 1,102,637 1,457,500 323,662 892,057 787,015 1,045,778 1,120,495 787,654 25,169 27,443 i) Non-Bank iii) Privatization Proceeds Memorandum Item GDP (mp) in Rs. Billion Total Revenue Tax Revenue Non-Tax Revenue Expenditure Current Development Expenditure & net Lending Overall Deficit P : Provisional 529,384 0 20,047 378,040 0 22,386 553,330 0 366,138 17,498 191,843 0 29,076 (As Percent of GDP at Market Price) 276,629 0 31,922 352,719 2,000 34,619 610,369 - 38,559 12.8 13.3 14.5 14.3 15.3 15.5 15.1 9.3 2.6 3.5 4.3 3.3 2.7 3.0 2.2 1.1 10.2 21.6 9.8 10.2 11.0 12.6 12.4 12.9 8.2 17.3 16.4 21.5 20.0 15.9 16.1 19.6 19.9 16.1 16.3 21.3 21.6 14.3 3.9 5.1 4.9 4.2 4.5 5.3 4.7 1.8 8.8 8.2 5.5 5.3 4.6 5.8 6.5 5.0 -: Not available 56 16.9 12.5 Source: Budget Wing, Finance Division, Islamabad
373. TABLE 4 .3 CONSOLIDATED FEDERAL & PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT REVENUES (Rs million) Fiscal Year/ Item Total Revenue (I+II) Federal Provincial I. Tax Revenues (A+B) Federal Provincial A. Direct Taxes (1+2) 1 Federal 2 Provincial B. Indirect Taxes (3+4+5+6+7) 3. Excise Duty Federal Provincial 4. Sales Tax* 5. Taxes on International Trade 6. Surcharges* 6.1 Gas 6.2 Petroleum 7. Other Taxes ** 7.1 Sales Tax on services GST 7.2 Stamp Duties 7.3 Motor Vehicle Taxes 7.4 Gas Infrastructure Development Cess* 7.5 Others*** II. Non-Tax Revenues Federal Provincial 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2,566,514 2,982,436 3,637,297 3,931,042 4,446,979 4,936,723 5,228,014 155,217 222,000 239,343 281,438 376,587 401,271 548,069 2,411,297 2,760,436 3,397,954 3,649,604 4,070,392 4,535,452 2,052,886 2,199,232 2,564,509 3,017,596 3,660,418 3,969,248 107,189 150,723 189,969 205,823 283,273 321,772 1,945,697 739,775 731,941 7,834 2,048,509 742,488 735,758 6,730 2,374,540 2,811,773 3,377,145 3,647,476 893,351 1,040,038 1,195,462 1,350,233 9,233 10,794 3,860 7,036 884,118 1,029,244 1,191,602 1,343,197 1,313,111 1,456,744 1,671,158 1,977,558 2,464,956 2,619,015 122,014 119,453 139,084 163,969 190,581 198,570 126,209 4,195 124,349 4,896 144,540 5,456 170,004 6,035 197,461 6,880 205,205 6,635 4,679,945 4,467,160 4,065,788 401,372 1,542,187 1,536,636 5,551 2,924,973 214,431 205,877 8,554 2018-19 (Jul-Mar) P 3,583,737 3,230,729 353,008 3,162,132 2,874,424 287,708 1,005,016 997,411 7,605 2,157,116 158,611 151,466 7,145 809,310 841,324 1,002,110 1,088,823 1,323,685 1,323,261 1,491,310 1,048,465 218,215 239,608 240,997 306,140 406,180 496,018 608,325 507,186 22,960 32,171 38,530 25,874 32,654 73,262 24,212 83,329 141,837 142,064 157,231 181,944 239,959 203,086 146,177 4,808 60,369 109,666 103,534 131,357 149,290 166,697 178,874 141,369 - - - - 129,752 170,791 223,860 142,339 15,872 19,077 99,008 141,797 179,977 255,360 16,527 18,306 21,790 29,476 - - - 57,021 71,341 109,516 142,622 152,991 465,600 711,927 1,023,414 837,831 11,140 513,628 48,028 13,975 15,565 783,204 1,072,788 71,277 49,374 35,484 79,771 91,602 354,572 38,167 21,282 42,149 82,183 407,821 62,754 24,123 15,176 81,908 296,677 50,188 19,638 17,664 66,848 913,446 786,561 967,475 760,854 421,605 75,615 93,314 79,499 146,697 65,300 P: Provisional -: Not Available * : Revenues under these heads are exclusively Federal ** : Mainly includes Provincial Revenues *** : Includes Federal tax revenues (Other Taxes (ICT), Airport Tax) and other provincial tax revenues 57 355,686 693,247 887,976 614,157 356,305 Source: Budget Wing, Finance Division
374. TABLE 4 .4 CONSOLIDATED FEDERAL & PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES (Rs million) Fiscal Year/ 2011-12 Item Current Expenditure Federal Provincial Defence Mark-up Payments Current Subsidies Others Development Expenditure Net Lending to PSEs Statistical Discrepancy Expenditure Booked excl discrepency Total Expenditure Memorandum Items: Current Expenditure 3,468,487 2,500,717 967,770 2012-13 3,660,434 2,565,222 2013-14 4,004,582 2,831,249 2014-15 4,424,747 4,694,294 5,197,854 5,854,266 1,387,163 1,550,018 1,725,704 2,064,499 1,617,434 1,499,922 1,459,211 3,037,584 4,798,350 3,180,916 1,303,767 1,263,368 1,348,435 578,678 660,838 740,540 781,473 916,094 1,081,920 1,145,244 850,158 12,631 -12,817 37,625 28,303 512,961 776,850 540,595 357,991 305,748 697,821 241,593 777,096 1,135,918 1,113,223 15,987 -215,094 -177,584 12,019 362,783 4,257,356 4,800,313 69,829 623,085 4,327,185 4,816,300 19.6 5.5 100,610 5,241,110 27,381 5,565,351 5,026,016 5,387,767 9.4 10.5 -30.2 -14.6 -21.0 Expenditure Booked excl discrepency 24.7 25.5 12.8 11.3 9.2 6.2 Current Expenditure 80.2 76.0 79.7 20.5 20.6 18.2 23.7 24.1 53.5 Defence 11.7 Current Subsidies 11.9 *: Inculding net lending 757,653 207,161 1,301,473 -212,096 6,008,398 5,796,302 (Percent Growth over preceding period) 34.8 P: Provisional 3,789,767 1,147,793 Current Subsidies Development Expenditure* 3,472,150 990,967 15.3 Mark-up Payments 3,144,276 889,044 507,159 6.6 Total Expenditure 2017-18 1,173,333 12.5 Development Expenditure 2016-17 1,095,212 Defence Mark-up Payments 2015-16 2018-19 (Jul-Mar) P 11.5 15.8 0.0 46.2 4.4 11.2 -2.0 8.6 1,693,474 -77,991 6,878,511 6,800,520 10.7 1,584,057 12,446 7,475,948 7,488,394 -25.8 -25.7 8.0 14.5 -3.1 16.9 6.7 30.1 81.0 76.4 22.8 24.2 21.8 19.8 24.6 21.2 22.7 24.7 13.1 3.6 17.3 774,708 96,839 655,854 23,710 5,482,507 5,506,217 12.6 -14.3 82.1 4.5 114,194 16.0 As % of total expenditures 13.0 1,030,407 17.2 7.6 6.1 58 13.6 6.1 153,717 7.2 12.4 7.4 12.0 888,078 11.2 -6.5 8.7 10.1 78.2 87.1 20.0 26.5 13.1 13.8 2.3 1.5 21.7 14.1 1.8 12.4 Source: Budget Wing, Finance Division
375. TABLE 4 .5 DEBT SERVICING (Rs million) 2018-19 (Jul-Mar) P Fiscal Year / Item 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 A. Mark-up Payments 889,044 990,967 1,147,793 1,303,767 1,263,368 1,348,435 1,499,922 821,115 920,353 1,072,813 1,208,105 1,150,809 1,220,265 1,322,645 1,276,781 67,929 70,614 74,980 95,662 112,559 128,170 177,277 182,430 135,286 217,872 312,112 285,193 335,307 544,314 450,189 515,537 1,024,330 1,208,839 1,459,905 1,588,960 1,598,675 1,892,749 1,950,111 1,974,748 Servicing of Domestic Debt 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.3 Servicing of Foreign Debt 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 Repayment/Amortization of Foreign Debt 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.7 1.3 1.3 Total Debt Servicing 5.1 5.4 5.8 5.8 5.5 5.9 5.6 5.1 Servicing of Domestic Debt Servicing of Foreign Debt B. Repayment/Amortization of Foreign Debt C. Total Debt Servicing (A+B) MEMORANDUM ITEMS 1,459,211 (As Percent of GDP) P; Provisional Source: Budget Wing, Finance Division 59
376. BLANK PAGE
378. BLANK PAGE
379. TABLE 5 .1 COMPONENTS OF BROAD MONEY (M2) Stock 1. Currency Issued 3. Currency in title of Scheduled Banks 2. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Currency held by SBP Currency in circulation (1-2-3) Other deposits with SBP* Scheduled Banks Total Deposits** Resident Foreign Currency Deposits (RFCD) Broad Money (4+5+6) Growth rate (%) Memorandum 1. Currency / Money ratio 3. Time Deposits / Money ratio 2. 4. 5. 2014 2017 2018 (Rs million) End March 2019 2,317,891 2,715,556 3,563,749 4,176,915 4,644,900 4,961,510 139,490 160,299 229,331 264,627 255,891 222,883 529 2,177,873 11,689 7,777,021 599,384 508 634 973 3,911,315 4,387,828 4,737,499 8,713,648 9,472,313 10,646,875 11,582,372 12,045,171 18,756 22,692 655,340 13.2 13.7 13.7 21.9 22.6 26.0 6.7 6.4 5.4 65.3 Other Deposits / Money ration 0.1 1,128 3,333,784 13,747 587,258 12.5 1,181 2,554,749 597,760 9,966,583 Demand Deposits / Money ratio RFCD / Money ration 2015 End June 2016 11,282,144 12,824,853 14,580,882 65.6 0.1 6.0 5.3 63.9 0.1 4.6 26.8 64.3 4.2 0.2 4.5 26,962 829,355 15,997,162 9.7 27,394 938,268 16,810,064 5.1 27.4 28.2 4.2 3.5 63.0 0.2 5.2 62.6 0.2 5.6 6. Income Velocity of Money*** 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.3 P : Provisional * : Excluding IMF A/c Nos. 1 & 2 SAF Loans A/c deposits money banks, counterpart funds, deposits of foreign central banks and foreign governments. ** : Excluding inter banks deposits and deposits of federal and provincial governments, foreign constituents and international organization etc. *** : Income velocity of money is taken as GDP at current factor cost / quarterly average of monetary assets (M2) 63
380. TABLE 5 .2 CAUSATIVE FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH BROAD MONEY (M2) 2014 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Public Sector Borrowing (net) (i + ii + iii) i. Net Budgetary Support ii. Commodity Operations iii. Zakat Fund etc. Non-Government Sector i. Autonomous Bodies** ii. Net Credit to Private Sector &PSCEs * a. Private Sector* b. Public Sector Corp. other than 2(i) c. PSEs Special Account Debt Repayment d. Other Financial Institutions (NBFIs) Counterpart Funds Other Items (Net)* Domestic Credit (1+2+3+4) Foreign Assets (Net) Broad Money (5+6) 2015 2016 2017 A. Stock End June 6,025,228 6,958,215 7,819,545 5,542,534 6,403,559 7,194,814 492,439 564,459 636,574 -9,745 -9,803 -11,843 4,152,542 4,456,001 5,012,588 130,283 142,179 200,760 4,022,260 4,313,822 4,811,828 3,779,236 4,003,083 4,449,547 248,501 316,561 367,297 -24,075 -24,075 -24,244 18,597 18,252 19,228 -530 -530 -530 -803,699 -944,289 -1,014,348 9,373,541 10,469,398 11,817,255 593,042 812,747 1,007,598 9,966,583 11,282,144 12,824,853 8,955,597 8,282,074 686,508 -12,985 6,011,267 250,244 5,761,023 5,197,473 572,553 -24,244 15,241 -530 -987,502 13,978,833 602,049 14,580,882 2018 10,199,670 9,392,960 819,680 -12,971 7,033,598 324,787 6,708,811 5,972,968 743,413 -24,244 16,675 -530 -1,027,153 16,205,586 -208,423 15,997,162 (Rs million) March 2019 10,863,190 10,221,756 653,600 -12,167 7,957,098 293,573 7,663,526 6,584,465 1,084,830 -24,244 18,475 -10,688 -1,177,382 17,632,218 -822,154 16,810,064 Jul-Mar B. Changes over the year (July-June) Public Sector Borrowing (net) (i+ii+iii) 327,117 932,986 861,330 1,136,052 1,244,073 663,520 i. Net Budgetary Support 302,971 861,025 791,255 1,087,260 1,110,887 828,796 ii. Commodity Operations 24,733 72,019 72,115 49,934 133,172 -166,080 iii. Zakat Fund etc. -587 -58 -2,040 -1,142 14 804 9. Non-Government Sector 488,558 303,459 556,587 998,679 1,022,331 923,500 i. Autonomous Bodies** 23,322 11,897 58,581 49,484 74,543 -31,214 ii. Net Credit to Private Sector & PSCEs 465,236 291,562 498,006 949,195 947,788 954,715 a. Private Sector* 421,885 223,847 446,463 747,926 775,495 611,497 b. Public Sector Corp. other than 2(i) 43,291 68,060 50,736 205,256 170,859 341,417 c. PSEs Special Account Debt Repayment 0 0 -169 0 0 0 d. Other Financial Institutions (NBFIs) 60 -345 975 -3,987 1,433 1,800 10. Counterpart Funds 0 0 0 0 0 -10,159 11. Other Items (Net)* -35,762 -140,589 -70,060 26,846 -39,651 -150,229 12. Domestic Credit Expansion (8+9+10+11) 779,913 1,095,856 1,347,857 2,161,578 2,226,753 1,426,632 13. Foreign Assets (Net) 330,306 219,705 194,851 -405,549 -810,473 -613,731 14. Monetary Expansion (12+13) 1,110,219 1,315,561 1,542,708 1,756,029 1,416,280 812,902 Source: State Bank of Pakistan P : Provisional R: Revised *: Note:Islamic Financing , Advances (against Murabaha etc) and other related items previously reported under other Assets has been reclassified as credit to private sector. ** : Autonomous bodies are WAPDA (PEPCO), OGDCL, SSGC, SNGPL, PIA, Pakistan Steel and Pakistan Railway. 8. 64
381. TABLE 5 .3 SCHEDULED BANK's CONSOLIDATED POSITION BASED ON LAST WEEKEND POSITION OF LIABILITIES & ASSETS (All Banks) Item Description ASSETS Cash & Balances with Treasury Banks Balances with other Banks Lending to Financial Institutions Investments Advances – Net of Provision Gross Advances Less: Provision for Non- Performing Advances Operating Fixed Assets Deferred Tax Assets Other Assets Total Assets 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 (Rs million) March 2019 685,570 149,403 346,851 4,360,507 3,851,990 4,285,955 433,965 260,372 73,758 692,733 10,421,185 784,202 132,575 403,958 5,812,496 4,120,356 4,576,806 456,450 298,267 58,564 792,164 12,402,583 781,400 126,065 262,861 7,542,990 4,653,056 5,113,688 460,632 317,857 54,749 626,331 14,365,309 1,122,866 185,623 503,760 8,166,143 5,719,604 6,176,306 456,701 345,652 47,428 711,952 16,803,027 1,349,450 186,038 612,681 8,178,723 6,897,850 7,361,622 463,772 417,591 52,835 715,125 18,410,293 1,269,715 186,747 1,824,208 5,750,987 7,407,392 7,888,973 481,581 446,216 50,638 767,987 17,703,890 209,410 692,015 8,082,412 30,452 33 9,595 407,984 9,431,901 192,405 1,262,884 9,141,126 33,634 27 38,510 465,429 11,134,013 223,062 2,245,107 10,060,188 47,696 48 44,774 411,820 13,032,696 201,124 2,654,899 11,980,697 46,910 35 35,556 446,232 15,365,453 230,357 3,014,680 13,062,787 79,460 20 22,070 577,934 16,987,306 255,823 1,701,521 13,456,273 112,564 2 22,325 669,564 16,218,071 Net Assets 989,283 1,268,570 1,332,613 1,437,574 1,422,987 1,485,820 Represented by: Paid up Capital / Head Office Capital Account Reserves Un-appropriated / Un-remitted Profit Surplus/ (Deficit) on Revaluation of Assets Total 497,119 160,761 207,192 124,212 989,283 485,985 282,032 275,770 224,783 1,268,570 538,631 227,497 337,664 228,821 1,332,613 651,359 199,217 392,033 194,964 1,437,574 LIABILITIES Bills Payable Borrowings Deposits and other Accounts Sub-ordinated Loans Liabilities Against Assets Subject to Finance Lease Deferred Tax Liabilities Other Liabilities Total Liabilities 65 525,796 541,925 285,610 323,888 440,846 467,846 170,736 152,160 1,422,987 1,485,820 Source: State Bank of Pakistan
382. TABLE 5 .4 INCOME VELOCITY OF MONEY End June Stocks Narrow Money M1 Monetary Assets (M2) 2000-01 1,275.61 1,526.04 2002-03 1,797.36 2,078.48 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 March-19 P : Provisional 1,494.14 2,174.74 2,512.21 2,720.68 3,155.63 4,339.50 3,621.22 - Growth Percentage 9.0 2.6 18.6 2.3 1,751.88 14.8 2,485.49 19.6 2,960.64 3,406.91 4,065.16 4,689.14 5,137.21 19.1 15.1 19.3 15.3 9.6 5,777.23 12.5 7,641.79 14.1 6,695.19 8,856.36 9,966.58 15.9 15.9 12.5 - 11,282.14 13.2 - 14,580.88 13.7 - - : Not available 12,824.85 15,997.16 16,810.06 (Rs Billion) Income Velocity of Monetary Assets (M2) 13.7 9.7 5.1 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.3 Source: State Bank of Pakistan Explanatory Notes: 1. It may be noted that data series of M1 from 2000-01 is not comparable as compilation of M1 based on weekly data has been discontinued by the SBP. Now M1 is being compiled on the basis of monthly returns and as reported in the monthly Statistical Bulletin of the SBP beginning from April 2008 in its table 2.1 2. The stock data of M2 has been revised since June 2002 due to treatment of privatization commission deposits with NBP as government deposits. These deposits were previously included in private sector deposits which have now being included in government deposits. 3. Compilation of data on M1 has been discontinued. 66
383. TABLE 5 .5 LIST OF DOMESTIC, FOREIGN BANKS AND DFIs (As on 31-03-2019) Public Sector Commercial Banks 1. First Women Bank Ltd. 2. National Bank of Pakistan 3. Sindh Bank Limited 4. The Bank of Khyber 5. The Bank of Punjab 20. United Bank Limited Foreign Banks 1. Citibank N.A. 2. Deutsche Bank A.G. 3. Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited 4. MUFG Bank Limited 5 Bank of China Limited Specialized Scheduled Banks 1. The Punjab Provincial Co-operative Bank 2. Industrial Development Bank Limited (IDBL)Development Financial Institutions 3. SME Bank Limited 1. House Building Finance Company Limited 4. Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited 2. Pak-Brunai Investment Company Ltd 3. Pak-China Investment Co. Ltd Private Local Banks 4. PAIR Investment Company Limited 1. Allied Bank Limited 5. Pak Kuwait Investment Company of Pakistan (Pvt) Limited 2. Albarka Bank Pakistan Limited 6. Pak Libya Holding Company (Pvt) Limited 3. Askari Bank Limited 7. Pak Oman Investment Company (Pvt) Limited 4. Bank Al Falah Limited 8. Saudi Pak Industrial & Agricultural Investment Company 5. Bank Al Habib Limited (Pvt) Limited 6. Bank Islami Pakistan Limited 9. Pakistan Mortgage Refinance Company Limited 7. Dubai Islamic Bank Pakistan Limited 8. Faysal Bank Limited Micro Finance Banks 9. Habib Bank Limited 1. Advans Pakistan Microfinance Bank 10. Habib Metropolitan Bank Limited 2. FINCA Microfinance Bank Ltd 11. JS Bank Limited 3. The First Microfinance Bank 12. MCB Bank Limited 4. Khushhali Bank 13. MCB Islamic Bank 5. Apna Microfinance Bank (Formerly Network Microfinance Bank) 14. Meezan Bank Limited 6. NRSP Microfinance Bank Ltd 15. Samba Bank Limited 7. Pak Oman Microfinance Bank Limited 16. Silk Bank Limited 8. Telenor Microfinance Bank (Formaly Tameer Microfinance Bank) 17. Soneri Bank Limited 9. U Microfinance Bank Ltd 18. Standard Chartered Bank (Pakistan) Limited 10. Mobilink Microfinance Bank (Formerly Waseela Microfinance Bank) 19. Summit Bank Limited 11. Sindh Microfinance Bank Limited Source: State Bank of Pakistan 67
384. TABLE 5 .6 SECURITY AND NATURE WISE WEIGHTED AVERAGE LENDING RATES (All Scheduled Banks) As at the End of Precious Metal I. INTEREST BEARING 2005 Jun Stock Exchange Securities Merchandise Machinery 8.51 6.86 6.09 4.59 (8.51) (8.29) (6.01) (4.07) 2006 Jun 11.58 14.84 8.68 8.55 (11.58) (14.09) (8.51) (8.55) 2007 Jun 10.87 11.37 10.73 11.07 (10.87) (12.11) (10.68) (11.06) Dec 11.45 10.36 9.82 11.09 (11.45) (10.42) (9.82) (11.09) 2008 Jun 13.62 12.37 11.78 13.16 (13.62) (12.60) (11.77) (13.16) Dec 14.64 13.88 13.83 12.05 (14.64) (14.11) (13.83) (12.04) 2009 Jun 14.86 12.15 13.45 11.91 (14.86) (10.11) (13.07) (11.91) Dec 14.07 11.62 12.38 12.78 (14.07) (10.28) (12.17) (12.78) 2010 Jun 14.85 13.86 10.90 9.63 (14.85) (14.30) (9.77) (9.63) Dec 14.72 13.36 11.69 12.02 (14.72) (12.30) (11.32) (11.95) 2011 Jun 15.78 12.42 11.33 11.11 (15.78) (13.26) (10.50) (11.11) Dec 14.78 10.20 11.53 8.89 (14.78) (9.95) (11.27) (8.85) 2012 Jun 12.80 12.86 11.89 11.07 (12.80) (15.01) (11.48) (11.02) Dec 15.40 12.28 10.55 8.31 (15.40) (12.25) (10.15) (8.28) 2013 Jun 14.86 11.72 8.71 8.45 (14.86) (11.95) (8.61) (8.42) Dec 9.66 11.65 10.77 9.67 (9.66) (11.97) (10.50) (9.66) 2014 Jun 15.46 12.03 10.11 9.92 (15.46) (12.49) (9.66) (9.92) Dec 15.32 11.93 9.58 9.64 (15.32) (12.73) (9.07) (9.64) 2015 Jun 12.99 11.15 9.13 8.64 (12.99) (11.06) (8.73) (8.64) Dec 14.45 9.44 8.69 8.79 (14.45) (10.49) (8.92) (8.79) 2016 Jun 11.60 8.30 8.76 8.59 (11.60) (9.40) (8.18) (8.80) Dec 11.35 9.18 7.94 8.44 (11.35) (9.50) (7.94) (8.44) 2017 Jun 14.51 7.31 7.11 8.38 (14.51) (9.56) (7.85) (8.38) Dec 14.13 7.40 7.16 8.33 (14.13) (9.31) (7.16) (8.33) 2018 Jun 11.95 8.18 7.81 9.42 (11.93) (9.88) (7.83) (9.37) Dec 11.96 9.98 10.76 10.19 (11.96) (10.85) (10.76) (10.19) * : Weighted average rates shown in parentheses represent Private Sector 68 Real Estate 6.68 (6.68) 10.23 (10.23) 12.30 (12.30) 12.85 (12.85) 12.21 (12.21) 13.60 (13.60) 14.14 (13.75) 13.70 (13.70) 12.77 (12.77) 12.48 (12.47) 12.01 (12.01) 11.46 (11.46) 12.49 (12.49) 10.20 (10.20) 10.80 (10.80) 11.11 (11.11) 11.61 (11.61) 11.65 (11.65) 9.91 (9.91) 9.29 (9.29) 8.80 (8.80) 8.49 (8.49) 8.67 (8.67) 8.31 (8.77) 9.34 (9.34) 10.37 (10.37) Financial Obligations 6.76 (6.70) 10.31 (10.31) 11.05 (11.05) 10.02 (10.02) 13.32 (13.32) 16.55 (16.55) 15.30 (15.27) 12.43 (11.87) 12.07 (12.07) 13.45 (13.45) 11.04 (11.04) 13.12 (13.12) 12.30 (12.30) 8.40 (8.40) 9.40 (9.40) 7.79 (7.79) 7.10 (7.10) 7.39 (7.39) 7.32 (7.32) 6.65 (6.65) 9.58 (9.58) 4.76 (4.76) 4.52 (4.52) 8.89 (8.89) 4.88 (4.88) 8.67 (8.67) (In percentage) Others Total Advances* 8.86 (9.02) 9.59 (9.99) 10.76 (10.81) 11.93 (11.98) 13.02 (13.14) 13.74 (13.52) 13.21 (13.10) 12.35 (11.99) 13.02 (13.20) 12.92 (12.81) 12.85 (12.69) 12.90 (12.88) 13.29 (13.24) 11.41 (11.92) 10.64 (10.58) 11.49 (12.22) 11.72 (11.72) 12.33 (12.33) 11.51 (11.51) 11.38 (11.38) 10.03 (10.72) 10.92 (11.21) 11.03 (11.55) 10.35 (11.62) 11.86 (11.88) 13.08 (13.10) 7.01 (7.01) 9.71 (9.66) 11.25 (11.30) 11.64 (11.66) 12.53 (12.57) 13.60 (13.66) 13.54 (13.54) 12.66 (12.48) 12.20 (12.03) 12.36 (12.19) 12.01 (11.72) 11.81 (11.68) 12.43 (12.28) 10.77 (10.81) 9.97 (9.89) 10.91 (11.04) 11.20 (11.10) 11.30 (11.20) 10.27 (10.14) 9.90 (10.07) 9.25 (9.44) 9.28 (9.36) 8.88 (9.35) 8.67 (9.17) 9.71 (9.79) 11.47 (11.52)
385. TABLE 5 .6 SECURITY AND NATURE WISE WEIGHTED AVERAGE LENDING RATES (All Scheduled Banks) As at the End of Precious Metal Stock MerchanMachinery Exchange dise Securities II. ISLAMIC MODES OF FINANCING 2005 Jun 9.03 7.15 7.93 7.80 (9.03) (7.17) (7.95) (7.88) 2006 Jun 10.66 10.03 9.63 9.14 (10.66) (10.20) (9.66) (9.20) 2007 Jun 12.04 11.26 10.11 10.80 (12.04) (11.34) (10.03) (10.84) Dec 9.70 11.27 10.26 10.76 (9.70) (11.41) (10.23) (10.82) 2008 Jun 11.75 12.87 11.53 12.26 (11.75) (12.93) (11.55) (12.22) Dec 15.02 15.76 14.42 14.62 (15.02) (15.66) (14.19) (14.67) 2009 Jun 14.18 15.01 14.19 14.20 (14.18) (15.03) (13.73) (14.10) Dec 14.18 13.61 12.10 12.72 (14.14) (14.02) (12.18) (12.70) 2010 Jun 15.08 14.26 13.16 13.81 (15.74) (14.34) (12.80) (13.79) Dec 15.20 13.80 13.01 13.10 (15.20) (13.59) (12.69) (13.18) 2011 Jun 16.24 11.04 12.81 13.74 (16.24) (14.41) (12.36) (14.22) Dec 13.50 13.06 13.40 14.18 (13.50) (13.21) (13.17) (14.14) 2012 Jun 9.46 11.63 12.84 12.51 (9.63) (12.89) (12.43) (13.17) Dec 9.53 11.10 11.19 12.10 (9.53) (11.67) (10.91) (12.03) 2013 Jun 12.80 11.65 11.02 11.74 (13.69) (11.44) (10.92) (11.46) Dec 14.20 10.80 10.52 11.14 (15.26) (10.99) (10.48) (11.03) 2014 Jun 14.22 11.27 10.12 9.48 (15.12) (11.25) (10.44) (11.16) Dec 13.73 11.00 10.35 10.72 (15.03) (11.01) (10.31) (11.04) 2015 Jun 11.59 8.83 8.48 8.22 (12.22) (8.79) (8.68) (8.62) Dec 13.15 8.42 7.32 8.16 (13.85) (7.94) (7.43) (8.18) 2016 Jun 11.28 6.73 7.44 8.01 (11.28) (8.21) (7.48) (8.24) Dec 11.18 7.75 6.47 7.10 (11.19) (7.58) (6.88) (7.00) 2017 Jun 8.25 7.40 6.93 5.88 (8.25) (7.24) (6.90) (7.11) Dec 7.87 7.17 6.94 7.21 (7.87) (7.82) (7.04) (7.37) 2018 Jun 10.98 7.74 7.19 7.85 (12.10) (7.63) (7.16) (7.95) Dec 9.48 9.81 8.70 9.53 (9.48) (10.14) (8.80) (9.30) * : Weighted average rates shown in parentheses represent Private Sector 69 Real Estate 10.16 (10.22) 11.23 (11.26) 11.92 (11.92) 11.80 (11.79) 12.11 (12.12) 13.51 (13.49) 13.27 (13.30) 12.71 (12.71) 12.25 (12.24) 12.24 (12.23) 12.57 (12.53) 12.46 (12.46) 11.84 (11.81) 12.43 (12.40) 12.05 (12.04) 11.23 (11.29) 12.03 (11.71) 11.50 (11.50) 10.49 (10.56) 9.12 (9.20) 9.56 (9.75) 8.07 (9.03) 8.79 (8.99) 8.69 (8.91) 8.75 (8.88) 10.24 (10.29) Financial Obligations Others (In percentage) Total Advances* 8.21 10.15 8.94 (8.19) (10.67) (9.13) 9.25 12.37 10.68 (9.25) (12.90) (10.83) 10.43 13.02 11.57 (10.49) (13.40) (11.68) 10.58 12.93 11.55 (10.62) (13.26) (11.65) 11.23 13.90 12.48 (11.23) (14.21) (12.55) 15.00 15.89 14.72 (15.02) (15.96) (14.72) 15.83 15.08 14.31 (16.79) (15.20) (14.30) 11.93 14.88 13.22 (11.55) (14.96) (13.10) 13.59 14.83 13.73 (13.67) (14.94) (13.52) 12.86 14.59 13.43 (12.79) (14.82) (13.23) 12.81 14.73 13.55 (12.83) (14.43) (13.32) 12.42 15.04 13.83 (12.51) (14.92) (13.62) 14.11 13.68 12.84 (14.10) (13.52) (12.72) 13.30 12.80 12.02 (13.21) (13.02) (11.93) 13.80 12.20 11.78 (12.57) (12.88) (11.81) 9.10 11.79 11.20 (10.67) (12.59) (11.37) 10.65 12.29 11.18 (10.65) (12.90) (11.58) 10.22 11.94 11.11 (10.19) (12.91) (11.28) 10.19 9.48 9.13 (9.58) (10.46) (9.54) 9.70 8.76 8.33 (8.57) (10.05) (8.65) 10.17 8.94 8.34 (9.37) (10.69) (8.85) 4.84 8.42 7.51 (7.94) (9.71) (8.05) 6.74 8.43 7.41 (6.74) (9.58) (7.98) 6.99 8.32 7.71 (6.99) (9.74) (8.12) 7.17 8.46 8.00 (7.17) (9.92) (8.36) 8.65 10.39 9.67 (8.52) (11.05) (9.71) Source: State Bank of Pakistan
386. TABLE 5 .7 SALE OF MARKET TREASURY BILLS THROUGH AUCTION No. Securities 2014 2015 Market Treasury Bills* A. Three Months Maturity Amount Offered i) Face value 5,555,952 1,697,279 ii) Discounted value 5,435,437 1,658,957 Amount Accepted i) Face value 5,031,692 1,231,906 ii) Discounted value 4,922,517 1,206,378 Weighted Average Yield i) Minimum % p.a. 8.8870 6.6055 ii) Maximum % p.a. 9.9740 9.9701 B. Six Months Maturity Amount Offered i) Face value 1,024,910 2,157,339 ii) Discounted value 973,520 2,071,487 Amount Accepted i) Face value 950,189 1,251,489 ii) Discounted value 906,276 1,200,353 Weighted Average Yield i) Minimum % p.a. 8.9440 6.6350 ii) Maximum % p.a. 9.9790 9.9791 C. Twelve Months Maturity Amount Offered i) Face value 915,273 2,955,465 ii) Discounted value 830,313 2,725,976 Amount Accepted i) Face value 894,465 1,226,861 ii) Discounted value 813,625 1,130,052 Weighted Average Yield i) Minimum % p.a. 8.9570 6.7168 ii) Maximum % p.a. 9.9900 9.9900 - : Not avaialbe * : MTBs were introduced in 1998-99 Note : Amount includes Non-competitive Bids as well 70 2016 2017 2018 (Rs mllion) Jul-Mar 2018-19 2,726,618 2,681,109 5,287,269 19,826,420 14,960,868 5,223,172 19,549,300 14,655,742 1,457,485 1,436,402 3,824,534 16,231,950 13,802,533 3,772,951 16,005,555 13,520,509 5.8998 6.9308 5.7873 5.9910 5.9902 6.7595 6.7573 10.5498 2,873,573 2,780,740 4,632,304 4,495,594 1,620,207 1,560,051 111,444 93,423 1,629,803 1,579,538 2,974,251 2,888,666 1,271,001 1,233,895 6,527 6,240 5.8910 6.9511 5.8214 6.0109 6.0093 6.8322 7.8526 10.5953 3,656,106 3,434,144 1,708,636 1,611,283 86,406 78,882 8,870 - 1,821,670 1,712,268 936,611 884,431 47,687 44,979 - 5.9101 6.9710 5.8370 6.0273 6.0499 6.0386 Source: State Bank of Pakistan
387. TABLE 5 .8 SALE OF PAKISTAN INVESTMENT BONDS THROUGH AUCTION No. Securities Pakistan Investment Bonds A. Amount Offered (Face Value) 03 Years Maturity 05 Years Maturity 07 Years Maturity 10 Years Maturity 10 Years (Floater) Maturity (PFL) 15 Years Maturity 20 Years Maturity 30 Years Maturity B. Amount Accepted (Face Value) (a) 03 Years Maturity. (i) Amount Accepted (Face Value) (ii) Weighted Average Yield (1) Minimum % p.a. (2) Maximum % p.a. (a) 05 Years Maturity (i) Amount Accepted (ii) Weighted Average Yield (1) Minimum % p.a. (2) Maximum % p.a. (a) 7 Years Maturity (i) Amount Accepted (ii) Weighted Average Yield (1) Minimum % p.a. (2) Maximum % p.a. (a) 10 Years Maturity (i) Amount Accepted (ii) Weighted Average Yield (1) Minimum % p.a. (2) Maximum % p.a. (a) 10 Years (Floater) Maturity (PFL) (i) Amount Accepted (ii) Weighted Average Yield* (1) Minimum % p.a. 2014 2,232,571 1,231,992 465,286 512,925 22,368 2,038,994 - 1,171,806 10.3261 12.0862 426,111 2015 2016 2017 2,175,106 1,104,978 577,463 483,891 2,559,922 1,315,268 982,167 262,487 1,761,044 1,039,668 451,788 266,846 348,935 235,367 48,467 65,101 8,775 1,014,437 963,600 2,743 894,017 101,732 1,600,643 520,617 268,914 328,538 477,574 5,000 647,443 495,486 484,812 522,756 37,915 180,322 6.2948 8.0647 6.1444 6.4043 407,561 239,114 7.3650 12.5393 287,494 2018 10.7762 12.5587 8.0111 12.9646 6.8824 8.9652 6.6364 6.8998 - - - - - 420,755 (Rs million) Jul-Mar 2018-19 223,457 6.4029 7.4677 14,932 12.0002 12.2209 128,451 6.8960 8.4795 9.2500 12.6997 - - - - - - - 71,227 132,147 48,885 132,237 11.5270 12.9209 9.1369 13.4392 7.9981 9.4007 7.7222 7.9414 7.9359 8.6999 - - - - - - - - - - 12.8267 13.1245 206,434 Benchmark + 70 bps Benchmark + 70 bps (2) Maximum % p.a. (a) 15 Years Maturity (i) Amount Accepted (ii) Weighted Average Yield (1) Minimum % p.a. (2) Maximum % p.a. (a) 20 Years Maturity (i) Amount Accepted 20,323 8,000 (ii) Weighted Average Yield (1) Minimum % p.a. 12.9000 10.9995 (2) Maximum % p.a. 13.2894 13.5905 (a) 30 Years Maturity (i) Amount Accepted (ii) Weighted Average Yield (1) Minimum % p.a. (2) Maximum % p.a. - : Not available Source: State Bank of Pakistan PIBs were introduced in 2000-01 * The benchmark for coupon rtae is defined in clause 'B' of DMMD Circular No. 9 dated May 07, 2018. 71
388. BLANK PAGE
390. BLANK PAGE
391. TABLE 6 .1 NATIONAL SAVINGS SCHEMES (NET INVESTMENT) Name of Scheme 2009-10 1 Defence Savings Certificates (32,493.2) 3 Khaas Deposit Scheme 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 National Deposit Scheme (0.1) (3.8) 2010-11 2011-12 9,748.1 7,295.5 (1.0) (2.6) (0.9) (0.6) (Rs million) 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 29,892.0 12,970.8 16,183.3 (0.6) (1.2) (0.3) (0.8) (1.0) (4.3) 2015-16 8,053.0 (0.3) (2.0) 2016-17 2017-18 16,620.0 10,743.6 (0.7) (51.4) 0.1 (0.2) 2018-19 (Jul-Mar) 44,557.5 (0.02) (0.1) Special Savings Certificates (R) 61,856.6 43,960.6 (52,834.2) 46,401.5 57,619.6 28,547.1 (1,932.8) (39,344.6) (51,180.1) 33,138.9 Regular Income Certificates 44,538.3 46,946.8 43,971.6 36,047.0 62,783.3 50,582.1 (16,223.0) (20,950.7) 8,726.3 102,872.3 15,701.9 20,645.1 18,716.7 21,504.4 31,058.9 Special Savings Certificates (B) Bahbood Saving Certificates (0.3) 59,267.2 (0.7) (0.9) 61,731.6 52,254.5 (0.3) 47,622.7 (0.8) 53,963.0 45,927.8 283.2 3,859.4 Pensioners' Benefit Account 18,166.9 17,940.3 16,359.5 17,538.9 Special Savings Accounts 31,375.5 14,240.8 61,098.8 150,836.0 Prize Bonds 38,556.7 41,083.4 56,324.2 56,175.4 57,058.4 3,625.2 - - (3,425.6) - Savings Accounts Mahana Amdani Accounts Postal Life Insurance National Savings Bonds Short Term Saving Certificates Premium Prize Bonds (R) Shuhda Welfare Accounts Grand Total 1,021.3 (195.7) - (625.3) 3,978.5 (77.9) (90.5) - - - - - - - - - 225,714.5 - 234,944.0 - 188,355.6 - : Not available B : Bearer R : Registered Figures in Parenthesis represent negative growth 1,098.9 (78.5) - 3,969.7 - - 386,075.9 75 - 18,471.2 (53,463.7) 100,124.9 (72.5) - (2,628.9) - - 206,982.4 (73.0) 75,884.6 - (62.6) - 63,761.1 3,807.7 4,684.4 45,395.3 3,413.0 - 89,549.1 (1,141.9) 65,246.6 59,939.2 (75,414.5) 123,901.9 97,791.6 101,575.7 96,564.5 - - - (63.0) - 157.9 - - 337,059.3 57,432.1 (0.6) 30,924.1 389.1 - (0.8) - 233,029.6 (55.2) 2,529.8 2,077.4 (46.7) 875.5 560.6 2,921.7 2,323.2 207,617.0 203,829.1 - - (57.2) (295.3) - 686.6 622.4 40.8 322,181.8 Source : Central Directorate of National Savings (CDNS)
392. TABLE 6 .2 MARK UP RATE/PROFIT RATE ON DEBT INSTRUMENTS CURRENTLY AVAILABLE IN THE MARKET S.No. Schemes Markup/Profit Rate Maturity Period 1. Special US$ Bonds a) 3 year maturity b) 5 year maturity c) 7 year maturity LIBOR+1.00% LIBOR+1.50% LIBOR+2.00% 2. Pakistan Investment Bonds (PIBs) Tenor 3-Year Maturity 5-Year Maturity 10-Year Maturity 20-Year Maturity The rates are effective from Sept.1999. All the special US$ Bonds have now matured, but some have not been encashed. Rate of Profit 7.25 % p.a 8.00 % p.a 8.75 % p.a 10.75 % p.a 3. Unfunded Debt Defence Saving Certificates Special Saving Certificates (R) Regular Income Certificates Saving Accounts Pensioners' Benefit Account Bahbood Savings Certificate Shuhada Family Welfare Account National Prize Bonds (B) Premium Prize Bonds (R) Short Term Savings Certificate (STSC) STSC 3 Months STSC 6 Months STSC 12 Months p.a : Per annum R : Registered * : Effective from 10-09-2018 STSC: Short Term Savings Certificate 12.47 11.57 12.00 8.50 14.28 14.28 14.28 10.00 8.93 Tax Status These coupon rates are applicable w.e.f. July 12, 2018 to date % p.a % p.a (Average) % p.a % p.a % p.a % p.a % p.a % p.a % p.a * 9.80 % p.a 9.88 % p.a 9.98 % p.a B: Bearer 10 Years 3 Years 5 Years Running Account 10 Years 10 Years 10 Years Perpetual Perpetual 3 Months 6 Months 12 Months 76 Taxable Taxable Taxable Taxable Tax Exempt Tax Exempt Tax Exempt Taxable Taxable Taxable Taxable Taxable Source: State Bank of Pakistan and Central Directorate of National Savings
394. BLANK PAGE
395. TABLE 7 .1 (A) PRICE INDICES Groups/ Fiscal Year General 2000-01 100.00 100.00 100.00 2002-03 106.75 105.40 106.75 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 Groups/ Fiscal Year 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Jul-Apr 2017-18 2018-19 103.54 111.63 121.98 131.64 141.87 158.90 191.90 214.41 244.26 Food Apparel Beverages Textile & & Tobacco Footwear 102.50 111.74 125.69 134.39 148.21 174.36 215.69 242.59 286.15 103.23 109.69 112.98 117.58 123.70 133.79 152.82 162.49 181.97 General Food & Beverages Non & Alcholic Tobaco Beverages 117.03 123.13 113.64 146.45 164.10 151.64 128.85 162.57 174.53 189.58 198.16 203.82 212.29 220.62 221.63 234.90 139.05 182.20 195.18 212.74 220.20 219.42 226.59 232.95 232.20 240.25 136.71 165.01 191.02 223.38 269.93 329.25 368.88 310.09 312.93 340.25 A. COMBINED CONSUMER PRICE INDEX BY GROUPS House Energy Household Fur- Transport Recreation Education Cleaning, Laun- Medicare Rent niture, Equip- & CommuEnterdry & Personal ments etc. nication tainment Appearance (Base Year : 2000-01 = 100) 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 103.80 118.39 105.29 105.29 107.21 109.72 103.37 105.59 102.80 108.20 120.42 132.36 141.21 154.47 180.90 205.88 220.90 Clothing & Foot wear 111.74 119.22 133.35 153.45 175.58 198.01 213.82 224.18 233.36 244.45 246.88 259.23 107.76 120.26 128.46 147.24 156.65 165.17 198.92 226.90 261.67 103.80 115.72 117.33 124.25 131.64 141.08 159.58 169.76 187.04 103.80 115.72 120.18 130.99 134.63 138.66 192.55 204.15 106.30 106.08 105.86 105.65 105.76 107.86 120.00 127.09 233.52 139.63 (Base Year : 2007-08 = 100) Housing, Household Health Transport Water, Equipment & Elec.Gas Repair & Fuel Maintenance 104.97 114.19 117.55 125.03 133.82 140.88 165.27 185.74 197.14 Communication 102.50 111.29 115.90 119.49 124.55 138.28 163.17 180.52 203.16 Recreation & Culture 102.37 106.89 107.94 110.66 120.91 132.23 147.25 157.02 180.67 Eduction Restaurant & Hotels Miscellaneous 112.01 115.97 108.03 125.15 105.59 114.27 108.15 123.53 117.65 135.27 135.59 123.79 149.01 122.47 134.62 128.17 164.04 152.45 122.14 146.17 151.34 164.60 174.93 183.90 192.91 202.50 204.09 219.63 123.93 160.28 179.87 195.85 208.68 217.38 223.90 233.06 235.03 249.35 114.33 137.97 156.56 167.15 176.19 182.69 201.82 218.13 219.67 233.66 132.79 171.39 186.43 195.15 187.22 174.25 172.93 182.18 183.46 209.38 109.65 122.94 126.16 129.76 130.09 130.56 131.79 133.26 133.40 140.63 Note: i) CPI 2000-01base year series converted into base year 2007-08. ii) The base for price indices have been changed as 2007-08 new base year and different new groups have been included. Therefore, data may differ from the previous one. 79 127.87 145.35 169.07 183.77 190.29 194.21 196.31 200.24 202.78 214.45 119.39 143.83 156.69 172.57 196.40 213.02 235.72 264.79 270.35 288.51 140.36 185.82 203.63 228.61 244.58 256.79 256.79 285.88 287.41 300.27 133.63 181.47 199.49 210.15 221.13 228.22 240.23 254.99 257.81 274.27 (Contd.)
396. TABLE 7 .1 (B) PRICE INDICES (HEADLINE & CORE INFLATION) Year General Food Indices Non-Food 2000-01 100.00 100.00 100.00 2002-03 106.75 105.40 107.66 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 103.54 111.63 121.98 131.64 141.87 158.90 191.90 214.41 244.26 102.50 111.74 125.69 134.39 148.21 174.36 215.69 242.59 286.15 104.28 111.55 119.47 129.77 137.58 148.45 175.81 195.36 215.94 2008-09 117.03 123.13 113.37 2010-11 146.45 164.10 135.87 2009-10 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Jul-Apr 2017-18 2018-19 128.85 162.57 174.53 189.58 198.16 203.82 212.29 220.62 219.54 234.90 139.05 182.20 195.18 212.74 220.20 224.78 233.37 237.59 237.04 245.99 122.73 150.81 162.16 175.69 184.95 191.25 199.65 210.45 209.04 228.25 *Core General (Base Year : 2000-01 = 100) Headline & Core Inflation Food Non-Food *Core 100.00 4.41 3.56 5.09 4.2 106.43 3.10 2.89 3.24 2.5 103.76 110.43 117.95 126.82 134.35 3.54 4.57 6.01 4.28 3.62 7.10 6.8 7.77 10.28 6.02 5.9 20.77 23.70 18.45 17.6 17.95 10.53 9.7 7.92 190.03 11.73 208.42 13.92 (Base Year : 2007-08 = 100) 6.92 17.65 12.47 8.63 7.90 11.12 111.38 17.03 23.13 13.37 131.03 13.66 18.02 10.71 7.12 7.53 144.78 158.62 171.82 183.08 190.71 200.61 212.34 210.84 227.94 10.10 11.01 7.36 8.62 4.53 2.86 4.16 3.92 3.77 7.00 12.93 11.03 9.00 3.50 2.08 3.82 1.81 1.77 3.78 Note : i) CPI 2000-01 base year series converted into base year 2007-08. ii) Core Inflation is defined as overall inflation adjusted for food and energy. iii) The base for price indices have been changed as 2007-08 new base year and different new groups have been included. Therefore, data may differ from the previous one. 80 3.8 12.48 12.00 119.79 2.0 9.28 145.60 171.18 2.44 8.26 7.5 8.4 11.0 11.38 7.55 9.38 11.00 10.49 8.35 8.32 5.27 3.41 4.39 5.41 5.17 9.19 9.56 6.55 4.17 5.19 5.85 5.60 8.11
397. TABLE 7 .1 (C) PRICES INDICES Groups/ Fiscal Year General Food 2000-01 100.00 100.00 2002-03 107.77 105.62 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 Groups/ Fiscal Year 102.01 116.29 124.14 136.68 146.17 170.15 201.10 226.49 279.30 101.95 112.99 125.03 133.78 145.67 173.27 213.54 239.01 285.93 100.00 100.00 108.02 115.51 115.95 103.67 102.90 107.06 115.61 100.31 135.12 110.44 121.93 138.85 156.57 184.45 238.11 374.44 2010-11 164.17 183.20 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Jul-Apr 2017-18 181.28 194.61 210.48 209.85 207.65 216.02 223.52 224.52 Agriculture Forestry & Fishery Product 142.02 139.76 185.03 182.74 198.23 219.00 220.56 226.43 248.00 256.02 257.02 GDP Deflator 100.00 118.93 2011-12 Sensitive Price Indicator 100.00 2008-09 135.40 Building Materials 100.00 Ores & Minerals, Materials electricity gas & water 119.10 125.31 2009-10 General B. Wholesale Price Index by Groups Raw Fuel, Lighting ManufacMaterials & Lubricants tures (Base Year : 2000-01 = 100) 159.13 211.17 240.37 245.47 245.91 242.08 242.99 242.91 103.14 119.23 138.01 174.57 184.10 223.34 258.96 296.48 101.87 111.83 113.05 116.27 119.91 128.33 140.67 154.94 101.10 126.48 143.79 144.18 151.93 177.18 213.00 201.40 103.37 114.38 127.59 136.56 151.35 176.78 218.16 247.22 348.19 197.39 226.63 292.16 (Base Year : 2007-08 = 100) Food Product, Other Metal Sensitive Beverages & Transportable Products Price IndiTobacco, Goods Machinery & cator Textiles Appreal Equipment Leather Products 114.57 125.21 109.07 121.14 135.02 135.41 111.10 136.80 176.07 194.64 152.55 170.77 166.49 188.39 200.70 206.76 213.58 225.59 229.90 230.53 155.77 203.93 214.59 197.12 171.21 168.07 198.27 186.24 128.10 159.29 168.31 172.72 171.46 174.40 184.00 179.83 159.48 184.04 201.15 205.18 207.35 210.59 212.44 212.51 110.71 124.55 133.30 100.00 107.28 121.13 146.18 161.89 193.52 GDP Deflator 146.18 161.89 193.50 204.45 219.00 235.18 245.40 246.49 256.29 262.37 262.37 2018-19 247.59 273.09 277.73 251.91 218.42 190.03 221.11 281.98 Note: Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics i) WPI 1990-91 base year series converted into base year 2000-01 then into 2007-08. ii) The base for price indices have been changed and different new groups have been included. Therefore, data may differ from the previous one. 81
398. TABLE 7 .2 MONTHLY PERCENTAGE CHANGES IN CPI, WPI AND SPI Months Jul 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 1.38 1.62 0.60 0.38 0.50 0.60 1.12 0.76 Aug 0.66 Oct 1.47 Sep Nov Dec 0.58 1.19 -0.34 0.99 0.33 Apr 0.96 Jul -0.09 0.97 0.14 -0.32 1.32 0.24 0.47 0.59 0.20 1.31 -1.00 1.99 1.42 1.70 0.44 1.62 0.89 1.63 1.04 0.78 Oct 2.72 1.42 0.77 -0.49 Dec 1.39 -0.25 -0.13 Feb 0.40 1.52 0.77 Apr 0.32 1.61 Jun 0.59 Mar May Jul 0.34 1.10 0.18 1.24 1.23 1.16 4.30 0.71 63.00 1.10 1.34 2.43 1.35 0.75 0.29 0.23 2.64 1.94 0.88 0.98 1.53 1.39 -0.59 1.28 -1.20 0.07 1.02 0.35 1.18 0.53 -0.98 -0.24 Feb -0.61 0.54 1.46 Apr -0.51 Jun 1.31 May -0.69 0.91 2.34 0.56 0.76 0.80 -1.32 2.14 -1.02 0.65 1.37 0.70 0.45 1.48 1.75 1.90 0.49 1.54 1.67 1.83 0.04 1.16 1.97 0.33 0.21 0.24 0.49 1.34 0.34 0.94 0.20 0.63 -0.06 0.37 0.11 -0.30 0.81 0.21 0.19 0.75 0.23 -1.32 -1.01 -0.57 -0.68 -0.10 -0.34 -0.32 -0.92 -0.25 0.28 -0.31 1.70 1.32 1.40 1.82 0.41 1.09 0.51 0.72 -3.24 -0.32 1.70 0.25 2.54 -0.53 -0.37 2.26 1.25 0.67 0.26 0.93 1.74 0.81 -1.08 1.83 0.18 1.97 0.95 0.94 0.49 0.96 -0.26 0.61 0.08 0.23 0.76 0.62 0.21 0.15 1.55 -0.21 0.64 0.18 0.84 0.01 0.03 0.31 0.51 -0.41 0.56 1.68 1.95 1.31 1.15 1.23 0.17 - 2.38 1.82 2.28 -0.38 2.34 -0.24 -0.48 -0.49 -0.03 0.37 0.11 1.13 -0.31 0.53 -0.04 -1.33 1.80 2.15 -0.05 0.35 0.15 0.25 -0.99 0.53 -1.03 0.21 2.33 -0.41 1.00 0.64 1.42 1.26 -0.53 0.51 1.81 -1.09 -0.59 0.47 -0.15 0.77 0.10 0.86 1.30 0.89 1.27 -0.43 1.00 -0.08 1.37 0.01 1.10 1.18 New Base Year 2007-08=100 1.34 1.25 3.40 0.74 2.27 1.95 0.06 0.24 1.29 1.54 0.83 0.76 -0.45 1.17 -0.03 -0.40 0.55 1.38 0.34 -0.19 0.46 1.76 -1.19 -0.18 -1.27 -2.01 0.05 -2.54 -1.52 1.03 0.45 -1.33 -0.12 0.07 -0.09 -0.99 -0.52 0.89 0.77 0.31 1.67 -0.29 0.07 0.39 1.39 2.45 0.99 0.80 1.43 1.41 1.14 -0.24 0.56 0.66 -0.66 -0.08 1.00 1.49 -0.14 0.70 0.36 -0.14 5.11 0.07 -1.52 -0.21 -0.65 0.03 1.92 0.78 0.07 3.22 -2.54 2.15 -1.51 1.11 -1.13 -0.87 0.00 1.31 1.18 1.00 -0.71 -0.14 0.66 2.41 0.79 0.06 0.61 0.01 0.20 3.28 -0.53 0.34 0.34 -1.89 -0.46 -0.99 0.51 0.83 0.71 0.33 0.43 2.38 2.26 0.54 2.65 2.45 0.57 1.65 1.02 0.56 -0.96 0.36 0.55 1.96 -2.38 1.56 0.59 0.38 -0.40 1.91 2.67 5.41 -0.51 0.90 1.66 2.47 1.97 3.42 Jul-Apr '2018-19 New Base Year 2007-08=100 -0.69 5.48 -0.01 1.33 0.96 0.85 0.09 0.84 1.29 0.36 0.66 -1.33 1.07 0.87 0.39 1.45 1.27 1.15 1.40 2.26 1.47 -0.39 0.23 2.77 0.09 1.30 1.83 3.31 2.63 0.05 1.00 1.51 0.41 0.29 1.44 1.17 0.44 1.67 -0.10 1.40 3.99 1.46 2.18 0.35 0.30 1.91 2.98 -0.29 -0.56 1.21 3.26 4.97 0.79 0.38 2.59 -0.04 1.36 0.26 1.31 Mar 1.09 0.99 1.78 C. SENSITIVE PRICE INDEX (S.P.I.) converted into Base year 2000-01 2.34 Jan 1.82 0.51 1.77 Oct Dec 0.39 0.54 -0.06 0.70 Nov 0.40 1.17 0.37 0.21 Aug Sep 2.10 B. WHOLESALE PRICE INDEX (W.P.I.) converted into Base year 2000-01 -1.08 Jan 3.04 1.03 1.37 0.13 0.31 2.03 -0.70 -0.07 1.02 0.43 -0.30 2.69 0.45 1.70 -0.73 0.92 -0.44 2.02 1.40 -0.24 1.24 0.69 -0.25 2.19 0.98 0.36 0.49 1.27 0.60 3.08 0.98 Nov 0.58 1.39 0.49 1.04 Aug Sep 1.23 1.91 0.23 0.10 0.73 1.81 -0.88 1.29 1.12 0.17 1.75 1.20 1.02 1.74 0.80 1.32 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 New Base Year 2007-08=100 2.13 0.36 Feb Jun 2.07 0.32 0.94 -0.27 May 1.51 1.01 1.25 -0.85 Mar - 1.61 0.04 0.90 Jan 2009-10 A. CONSUMER PRICE INDEX (C.P.I) converted into Base year 2000-01 0.57 (Percent) 2008-09 0.36 0.25 4.17 -0.88 -0.21 0.90 1.70 0.89 -0.20 1.28 1.32 -0.45 1.17 0.11 2.13 -0.06 0.34 0.26 -0.46 0.23 0.67 0.33 1.48 0.54 0.86 0.22 1.15 -0.78 -0.67 0.02 0.21 -1.21 1.48 -0.12 -0.91 0.45 1.12 0.14 -0.67 -0.15 -0.96 -0.80 1.79 -0.89 -1.04 -0.60 -0.15 1.78 0.61 1.66 2.33 Note: Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics i) CPI, SPI and WPI 1990-91 base year series converted into Base Year 2000-01 then into 2007-08 ii) The base for price indices have been changed and different new groups have been included. Therefore, data may differ from the previous one. 82
399. TABLE 7 .3 (A) PRICE INDICES BY CONSUMER INCOME GROUPS Income Group/ Fiscal Year All Income Groups Upto Rs 3000 2000-01 100.00 100.00 2002-03 106.75 105.95 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 Income Group/ Fiscal Year 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Jul-Apr 2017-18 2018-19 103.54 111.63 121.98 131.64 141.87 158.90 191.90 214.41 244.26 All Income Groups 117.03 128.85 146.45 162.57 174.53 189.58 198.16 203.82 212.29 220.62 221.63 238.09 102.97 111.61 123.01 132.47 143.52 163.98 200.20 224.33 258.35 Upto Rs 8000 117.95 130.39 149.04 164.00 176.93 192.57 199.60 204.45 212.28 218.23 218.47 230.58 Rs 3001 to 5000 Base Year 2000-01 = 100 Rs 5001 to 12000 Above Rs 12,000 100.00 100.00 100.00 106.70 106.68 106.83 104.88 112.18 123.16 132.44 143.42 163.64 199.83 223.81 257.12 103.44 103.64 111.72 111.39 122.26 121.35 131.51 131.45 142.05 141.19 160.24 156.32 194.91 186.86 218.07 208.34 249.10 236.38 Spliced with Base Year 2007-08 = 100 Rs 8001 to 12000 117.77 130.19 148.56 164.37 178.55 193.69 201.15 206.72 214.84 221.44 221.91 234.66 Rs 12000 to Rs 18001 to - 18000 35000 118.11 117.61 130.61 129.77 147.59 148.91 163.06 165.01 176.83 176.28 193.00 192.26 201.33 200.80 206.14 206.80 214.22 215.25 221.15 222.70 221.78 234.86 223.56 116.83 128.25 145.34 162.09 172.48 186.72 195.76 201.65 210.42 220.09 221.47 241.02 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics Note: i) CPI 1990-91 Base Year series have been converted into Base Year 2000-01 and then into 2007-08 ii) The base for price indices have been changed and different new groups have been included. Therefore, data may differ from the previous one. 83 240.28 Above Rs 35,000
400. TABLE 7 .3 (B) ANNUAL CHANGES IN PRICE INDICES AND GDP DEFLATOR Fiscal Year Consumer Price Index 2000-01 4.41 2002-03 3.10 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 3.54 4.57 9.28 Wholesale Sensitive Price Price Index Indicator Base Year 2000-01 = 100 6.21 4.84 6.72 5.57 3.58 4.42 2.08 2007-08 12.00 2009-10 2010-11 11.73 13.92 2008-09 17.0 2010-11 13.7 2008-09 2009-10 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Jul-Apr 2017-18 2018-19 7.77 20.77 10.1 11.0 7.4 8.6 6.83 6.75 10.10 2006-07 3.37 7.91 7.92 2005-06 Annual GDP Deflator 11.55 2.49 7.74 7.02 7.02 10.49 16.64 16.81 12.91 12.63 13.32 10.75 6.94 10.82 18.19 23.41 23.32 (Base Year : 2007-08 = 100) 18.18 7.28 20.68 19.54 18.9 21.1 20.68 21.2 16.6 19.52 13.8 10.4 7.4 8.2 12.9 7.1 7.8 9.3 10.75 5.66 7.12 7.39 4.5 -0.3 1.7 4.2 4.0 1.6 3.97 -0.5 2.37 2.9 3.9 3.7 7.0 -1.0 3.5 4.0 11.7 1.3 0.9 0.45 2.37 4.1 7.47 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics Note: i) WPI, CPI & SPI Base Year = 1990-91 series have been converted into Base Year 2000-01 & then into 2007-08. ii) The base for price indices have been changed and different new groups have been included. Therefore, data may differ from the previous one. 84 4.34
401. TABLE 7 .4 AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES OF ESSENTIAL ITEMS Fiscal Year 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 (Price in Rs.) (Weight in Kg.) Wheat Wheat Basmati* Moong Gram Beef Chicken Mutton Eggs Hen Potato Dry Tomato (Av.Qlty) Flour Rice Pulse Pulse (Cow/ (Farm) (Goat) (Farm) (Av.Qlty) Onion (Av.Qlty) (Av.Qlty) (Broken (Washed) (Av.Qlty) Buffalo (Av.Qlty) Doz. (Av.Qlty) with bone) Base Year 2000-01 = 100 8.67 9.80 15.35 30.30 29.52 56.01 50.65 109.38 26.35 8.73 10.14 18.07 30.46 31.13 61.21 54.01 124.95 30.69 11.68 13.28 94.83 66.43 8.29 2003-04 10.25 2005-06 11.55 2004-05 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2008-09 11.96 16.44 23.87 25.40 25.79 240.7* 2009-10 255.11 2011-12 267.39 2010-11 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Jul-Apr 2017-18 2018-19 259.75 306.07 370.22 345.59 339.18 337.74 331.11 332.61 344.47 * : Price for 10 Kg. Note: 9.67 11.71 13.06 13.64 18.07 25.64 28.77 29.56 15.49 19.04 20.19 20.16 23.11 37.77 47.12 43.92 34.36 27.98 31.66 47.28 56.53 52.67 50.10 78.02 50.32 136.49 255.34* 47.12 50.10 294.05 50.32 69.01 287.32 302.59 345.26 409.84 392.78 385.73 379.91 374.48 377.81 391.40 43.92 60.36 74.09 72.38 63.00 63.90 72.07 71.57 77.45 34.89 24.17 29.35 55.19 75.45 31.12 106.84 44.78 123.30 41.38 57.15 53.34 117.87 143.82 174.49 52.04 57.50 66.08 74.16 83.39 103.12 126.22 111.53 154.31 185.19 202.10 224.07 236.49 262.03 316.52 9.74 28.57 11.43 30.03 8.58 9.43 10.72 9.59 8.70 11.09 17.24 17.12 13.30 19.10 37.45 14.94 13.82 25.03 38.31 17.22 20.95 27.43 35.07 49.45 58.80 65.67 18.18 15.22 20.35 23.74 12.05 16.28 25.77 25.56 19.48 28.50 29.67 27.72 70.25 215.42 130.98 411.48 (Base Year : 2007-08 = 100) 72.78 27.59 33.27 44.86 53.34 65.67 57.15 143.82 103.13 262.03 58.80 20.36 25.77 29.70 136.49 70.25 215.42 130.98 411.48 72.78 27.58 33.28 44.86 115.95 99.70 268.38 143.93 517.83 92.02 26.09 36.71 49.80 78.02 127.90 137.64 161.94 83.32 74.77 79.33 160.30 123.53 118.15 118.76 139.93 119.12 123.32 149.85 119.80 121.63 174.49 252.41 283.99 301.55 316.37 327.52 348.64 345.48 387.68 126.22 150.07 161.40 153.64 151.95 145.88 158.87 151.98 157.32 316.52 482.04 559.49 592.56 627.94 86.95 97.61 98.71 89.84 23.74 25.33 42.79 42.49 25.75 32.24 41.63 35.80 44.29 27.72 46.46 58.36 55.05 49.14 662.65 101.86 34.09 30.08 51.82 726.33 105.78 34.90 52.15 64.15 733.68 804.24 103.17 105.38 33.89 27.86 i) WPI, CPI & SPI Base Year = 1990-91 series have been converted into Base Year 2000-01 & then into 2007-08. ii) The base for price indices have been changed and different new groups have been included. Therefore, data may differ from the previous one. 85 25.56 48.59 35.15 59.62 66.98 (Contd.)
402. TABLE 7 .4 (a) AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES OF ESSENTIAL ITEMS Fiscal Year Mustard Oil (Mill) Vegetable Ghee (Loose) Rock Salt (Powder) 2000-01 56.92 44.82 3.43 2002-03 60.80 55.25 3.21 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 59.01 63.51 65.63 66.70 76.71 49.20 59.84 59.60 58.95 70.81 2007-08 119.71 108.43 2009-10 133.56 112.04 2008-09 2010-11 142.25 156.56 110.63 150.31 3.19 3.22 3.50 3.94 4.68 110.62 6.09 2010-11 156.56 150.31 7.28 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Jul-Apr 2017-18 2018-19 133.55 178.29 185.88 184.48 183.08 179.67 181.15 183.83 183.59 189.44 112.04 166.26 160.73 160.57 151.90 6.69 8.13 8.74 9.37 9.98 138.35 10.43 146.22 11.10 143.34 145.73 155.04 26.31 18.23 53.73 75.87 20.77 20.45 18.35 61.50 73.80 76.64 70.79 94.66 152.38 142.25 10.64 11.01 12.16 Milk Fresh Ltr. 27.11 78.34 6.69 7.23 Gur (Sup. Qlty) 66.75 147.84 6.08 Sugar (Open Market) Base Year 2000-01 = 100 5.12 2008-09 2009-10 Red Chilies (Av.Qlty) (Price in Rs.) (Weight in Kg.) Tea in* Packet (Sup.Qlty) 250 grams 145.32 22.87 19.01 23.45 31.16 31.85 27.92 38.72 57.11 230.27 72.72 (Base Year : 2007-08 = 100) 23.12 19.79 23.98 35.90 39.26 32.87 43.65 70.74 83.86 17.92 19.21 21.28 23.90 26.72 30.45 36.62 42.32 50.10 145.32 38.72 43.65 36.62 230.27 72.72 83.86 50.10 152.38 299.42 254.06 221.33 261.42 274.03 272.60 266.58 260.23 346.13 *: Tea packet prices in Bases year 2007-08=100 is quoted of 200 grams packet price. 86 57.11 60.99 53.25 53.82 57.14 62.60 64.94 53.70 53.80 57.55 70.74 78.27 74.50 82.83 83.95 89.28 88.20 81.49 81.98 86.14 57.00 64.68 61.99 62.62 68.39 68.28 97.94 120.77 139.17 88.89 42.32 108.98 58.17 135.15 65.24 69.86 76.21 78.24 80.59 82.75 82.42 86.35 123.19 146.01 154.58 133.80 172.76 177.24 189.44 187.28 211.62 (Contd.)
403. TABLE 7 .4 (b) AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES OF ESSENTIAL ITEMS Fiscal Year Cigarettes Pkt Coarse Latha Mtr. Voil Printed Mtr. 2000-01 5.01 24.11 33.04 2002-03 6.06 26.84 33.74 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 5.82 6.08 6.90 7.23 7.98 8.38 9.11 26.81 28.80 32.08 34.26 35.05 39.04 44.69 34.52 36.13 36.74 37.90 40.29 46.02 2009-10 11.55 2008-09 18.19 135.35 59.29 2010-11 27.44 148.57 72.35 2010-11 2009-10 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Jul-Apr 2017-18 13.72 23.11 29.10 32.34 38.45 45.85 57.75 64.85 50.86 50.79 47.25 33.30 57.52 135.69 111.21 48.91 56.67 63.31 88.07 Shoes Firewood Gents (Kikar/ Concord Babul) Bata 40 Kgs. Base Year 2000-01 = 100 Match Box (40/ 50 Sticks) Each Washing Soap 707/555 Cake 399.00 104.04 0.50 6.90 428.17 104.20 0.51 7.48 492.33 135.96 399.00 499.00 399.00 429.00 499.00 499.00 499.00 99.30 118.40 166.03 191.72 220.74 264.12 296.64 499.00 354.29 (Base Year : 2007-08 = 100) 0.51 0.51 0.53 0.62 0.71 0.92 (Rs/unit) Lifebuoy Soap Cake 9.50 7.37 10.02 7.48 10.82 7.47 7.73 8.13 9.78 11.00 14.00 13.93 14.18 17.38 1.00 12.51 21.59 1.00 15.14 25.47 1.00 12.87 22.00 499.00 264.12 1.00 12.51 21.59 499.00 354.29 1.00 15.14 25.47 499.00 499.00 296.64 441.74 1.00 1.06 12.87 18.39 22.00 30.50 151.14 101.61 549.00 491.55 1.10 21.00 32.29 200.22 122.90 699.00 566.85 1.74 24.33 36.06 176.59 203.29 206.13 215.80 213.40 112.40 123.29 124.12 127.34 126.51 671.92 699.00 699.00 699.00 699.00 2018-19 56.88 243.86 133.56 699.00 Note: Prices of Long Cloth and Georgerette have been quoted in base year 2007-08 instead of prices of Coarse Latha and Voil Printed in previous base year. 87 538.12 593.42 604.81 621.24 620.24 636.75 1.42 1.99 2.14 2.24 2.23 2.41 23.34 24.74 25.74 26.39 26.12 29.11 35.86 36.16 38.06 40.67 40.97 40.41 (Contd.)
404. TABLE 7 .4 (C) AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES OF ESSENTIAL ITEMS Electric Bulb (60-W) Cooked Beef Plate Cooked Dal Plate 2000-01 14.10 18.53 11.87 2002-03 13.30 18.88 13.09 Fiscal Year 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 14.00 12.69 12.07 11.43 11.95 12.68 14.83 19.79 24.07 18.58 20.95 24.21 26.07 29.80 33.26 40.18 44.82 52.88 12.42 13.86 14.71 15.65 17.84 20.46 25.59 28.07 33.65 2008-09 112.96 40.18 25.59 2010-11 124.75 52.88 33.65 2009-10 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Jul-Apr 2017-18 2018-19 118.78 139.93 151.82 162.69 165.49 166.95 167.79 44.82 60.54 68.55 77.84 82.86 87.19 92.56 168.98 101.49 169.13 99.64 171.27 115.42 28.07 37.27 40.16 45.46 48.41 52.62 56.70 58.83 58.31 62.47 Rice Masoor Mash Irri-6 Pulse Pulse Kg Kg Kg Base Year 2000-01 = 100 Garlic Kg (Rs/unit) Cooking Vegetable Oil Dalda Ghee 2.5 Ltr 2.5 Kg 11.56 36.97 48.38 28.07 155.64 153.43 12.23 38.41 37.56 34.11 199.68 196.77 11.51 13.06 15.41 16.05 17.59 29.32 39.35 34.43 38.41 35.40 43.11 45.01 44.54 71.41 122.16 44.25 35.57 38.52 52.91 70.51 71.36 77.31 39.93 32.82 44.22 58.09 61.81 46.18 41.64 170.97 203.98 204.99 204.41 224.48 316.32 371.38 200.28 204.15 203.63 224.06 312.97 356.44 121.92 129.88 131.52 39.35 122.16 77.31 41.68 371.38 356.44 38.87 117.72 198.92 435.88 435.98 38.87 117.72 163.16 (Base Year : 2007-08 = 100) 34.43 45.68 49.90 54.05 51.99 47.16 48.71 51.53 51.22 55.39 121.92 129.88 131.52 102.64 145.82 107.89 100.39 120.49 135.32 146.36 140.36 118.44 119.77 117.61 163.16 132.72 134.21 163.82 238.59 223.70 164.91 168.40 148.65 Note: Prices of Energy Saver (14-volts) have been quoted in new base year 2007-08 instead of Electric Bulb (60 volts) prices in previous base year. 88 198.92 123.18 129.71 139.00 200.32 273.46 166.10 173.75 146.61 359.05 169.24 435.88 359.05 502.66 535.55 538.73 513.55 457.61 460.79 471.26 470.17 497.92 356.58 435.98 356.58 501.91 519.06 511.77 495.00 448.92 452.68 464.46 463.17 484.09 (Contd.)
405. TABLE 7 .4 (d) AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES OF ESSENTIAL ITEMS Fiscal Year Curd Kg Tea Prepared Cup Banana Doz. 2000-01 22.43 4.03 22.11 2002-03 23.35 4.46 21.96 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 21.90 23.33 25.75 28.38 31.34 35.76 43.38 4.18 4.72 5.12 5.77 6.31 6.91 8.41 22.14 23.01 25.11 28.18 32.51 35.43 39.62 49.74 10.07 2008-09 43.38 8.41 39.62 2010-11 58.41 12.66 49.16 2010-11 2009-10 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Jul-Apr 2017-18 2018-19 58.41 12.66 49.74 10.07 68.19 14.25 75.74 81.88 89.48 92.10 94.66 99.15 98.71 102.56 15.30 16.97 18.70 19.36 20.28 21.23 21.18 22.31 40.94 49.15 40.94 65.10 68.83 70.63 76.77 75.70 78.87 81.04 74.10 73.84 Lawn Shirting Shoes Hussain Hussain Lady Mtr. Mtr. Bata Base Year 2000-01 = 100 Chappal Gents Spang Bread Plain M.Size 77.77 59.10 319.00 79.00 11.17 69.92 55.59 342.23 79.00 11.16 70.79 55.17 69.96 56.78 72.61 59.94 76.42 62.36 79.69 65.45 83.45 71.01 91.00 78.38 96.46 81.55 319.00 364.00 252.33 299.00 299.00 79.00 79.00 86.53 89.00 92.00 299.00 101.50 379.00 129.00 372.33 110.53 88.80 397.33 (Base Year : 2007-08 = 100) 127.33 138.17 11.14 11.77 (Rs/Unit) Milk Powder Nido 500 grams 114.03 * 116.00 88.00 94.75 13.25 102.62 15.34 121.47 14.23 18.43 24.17 26.42 28.24 108.50 145.93 168.48 183.31 204.38 126.32 78.38 372.33 129.00 24.17 168.48 150.31 88.80 397.33 139.00 28.24 204.38 137.48 81.55 166.26 108.37 198.05 144.91 166.52 124.22 239.61 157.72 244.90 162.32 251.98 164.85 260.65 171.58 257.38 170.37 295.17 180.19 * : The unit has changed from 500 gms to 400 gms in base year 2000-01 89 379.00 399.00 449.00 499.00 499.00 500.61 502.39 524.53 109.64 599.00 129.00 152.08 179.00 179.00 179.00 179.02 179.09 183.65 180.58 199.00 26.42 31.23 34.23 39.17 40.78 40.82 41.11 42.07 41.97 43.17 183.31 247.85 289.78 310.50 251.69 372.70 378.43 379.46 378.39 397.11 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
406. TABLE 7 .4 (e) AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES OF ESSENTIAL ITEMS (Average of 17 Centers) Fiscal Year Kerosene (per ltr.) Gas Charges (100 cf)* 2000-01 16.84 248.55 2002-03 22.48 259.35 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 18.58 24.95 29.11 36.19 39.09 43.44 66.79 Elect Charges (upto 50 units) Base Year 2000-01 = 100 259.26 29.34 2.22 2.45 33.08 2.31 2.54 84.60 2.47 88.92 2.14 99.79 2.49 97.17 2.76 96.91 Tele Local Call Charges (per Call) 1.46 2.18 79.45 Petrol Super (per ltr.) 3.18 33.69 40.74 55.12 56.00 57.83 67.68 2.31 2.31 2.31 2.31 2.31 2.38 106.81 2008-09 66.79 94.57 1.40 67.68 2.38 2010-11 84.89 110.20 1.84 75.70 3.59 2009-10 84.88 115.40 4.32 (Base Year : 2007-08 = 100) 72.65 103.87 2011-12 104.84 132.73 2013-14 123.45 2012-13 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Jul-Apr 2017-18 2018-19 116.07 100.94 80.62 77.48 98.74 94.85 122.43 1.53 1.89 119.58 124.18 127.79 88.58 2.00 128.70 2.00 139.76 2.00 *: The unit has been changed from 100 CM to 100 CF in base year 2000-01. 90 92.93 2.00 2.00 128.70 67.56 101.26 2.00 128.66 75.70 2.00 2.00 124.18 67.56 2.31 72.65 2010-11 3.64 31.60 110.99 72.31 69.09 80.70 78.81 95.39 2.62 3.59 2.62 3.59 3.74 3.94 3.94 3.94 3.94 3.94 3.94 4.37 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
407. TABLE 7 .5 INDICES OF WHOLESALE PRICES OF SELECTED COMMODITIES Fiscal Year Wheat Rice 2000-01 100.00 2002-03 101.12 2004-05 137.24 2001-02 2003-04 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 96.10 191.89 135.61 139.21 190.75 277.87 300.58 301.21 Gram (Whole) Sugar Refined 100.00 100.00 100.00 126.09 71.40 75.32 109.64 138.50 153.40 84.23 74.17 95.52 82.36 67.72 85.18 317.20 365.48 181.83 142.52 242.04 267.79 215.86 209.50 142.39 2010-11 159.53 123.39 169.24 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Jul-Apr 2017-18 2018-19 -: Not available 163.44 188.52 227.13 209.29 209.07 208.21 202.02 203.33 210.15 130.34 96.93 111.10 101.65 100.50 110.46 106.80 144.06 113.43 141.44 137.41 249.36 126.16 2012-13 100.00 98.78 125.90 2011-12 100.00 139.22 148.02 157.54 100.00 285.63 356.43 111.40 149.45 165.42 177.67 172.20 147.58 154.49 172.15 170.79 188.71 144.32 - - Motor Fuels 100.00 136.94 118.80 Cotton 100.00 120.70 147.79 Fresh Milk 100.00 114.12 127.43 175.54 Vegetables 100.00 154.78 2008-09 2009-10 VegetabTea Meat le Ghee (Base Year 2000-01 = 100) 99.28 96.94 93.78 137.55 169.19 93.99 185.95 100.92 207.99 164.73 100.48 254.49 134.83 262.63 102.04 160.82 201.01 242.43 292.57 354.09 179.71 370.99 (Base Year : 2007-08 = 100) 107.57 116.00 160.14 161.14 163.85 204.04 267.37 370.80 99.79 105.41 91.31 144.44 95.23 102.90 111.03 134.78 122.83 103.91 181.46 154.42 136.71 192.88 133.31 184.75 206.54 242.21 110.92 153.12 203.26 386.09 181.38 216.16 219.11 244.87 97.19 129.05 115.53 132.22 119.35 121.12 113.68 251.13 118.21 165.31 174.86 173.43 157.40 171.48 126.84 201.93 141.75 203.24 228.80 209.80 229.24 206.98 189.35 237.16 242.70 201.60 202.22 218.08 94.75 141.37 141.51 147.13 119.85 124.63 127.22 126.69 134.15 151.22 192.23 215.49 145.16 242.82 243.24 261.70 259.08 283.60 139.74 214.40 238.93 236.14 267.79 282.23 311.25 307.83 345.88 151.74 211.52 216.66 254.41 255.40 258.45 280.77 294.16 305.09 286.04 135.32 190.29 213.81 225.98 249.87 255.23 266.08 275.05 273.37 286.48 144.08 189.55 168.92 185.58 208.86 249.16 268.07 262.92 - 266.12 119.93 155.00 168.70 184.99 167.79 120.71 115.52 134.99 131.64 160.01 (Contd.) Note: In the new base year 2007-08 prices of Motor Spirit has been quoted instead of Motor Fuel prices in previous base year 2000-01. 91
408. TABLE 7 .5 (a) INDICES OF WHOLESALE PRICES OF SELECTED COMMODITIES Fiscal Year Other Oils Fire Wood 2000-01 100.00 100.00 2002-03 128.10 103.94 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 103.59 139.86 169.56 227.55 237.63 264.00 372.04 434.55 511.36 101.33 Cotton Yarn 100.00 100.00 98.06 100.55 95.35 115.41 121.03 152.23 108.07 127.94 176.28 205.70 247.76 273.93 322.67 106.36 112.66 112.15 104.21 138.40 222.84 2008-09 126.68 118.08 106.00 2010-11 141.73 151.43 182.87 2009-10 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Jul-Apr 2017-18 2018-19 -: Not available 122.94 166.98 177.67 178.30 179.03 162.08 161.99 178.77 186.98 154.04 226.78 129.86 190.47 215.48 238.11 252.59 263.90 263.88 272.97 282.43 282.21 289.61 Matches 150.86 196.06 208.38 213.03 246.11 173.44 173.41 198.86 216.99 212.49 263.66 100.55 105.61 107.66 107.67 107.67 111.86 124.26 124.26 Soaps FertiTranslizers port Base Year 2000-01 = 100 Leather 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 109.00 113.59 106.82 95.23 101.25 102.77 103.89 110.68 122.81 122.05 127.73 147.59 176.29 182.99 102.26 123.64 140.95 156.16 147.70 215.18 310.97 296.52 106.66 100.00 108.70 93.64 110.39 102.77 114.94 111.86 111.71 110.65 114.99 121.84 123.95 129.83 128.03 122.07 111.35 147.58 109.26 110.37 130.52 174.65 116.77 118.84 132.57 143.20 175.76 162.62 162.62 165.53 171.36 171.36 171.97 Cement 100.00 134.14 131.38 203.92 357.86 159.78 (Base Year : 2007-08 = 100) 108.52 Timber 117.69 151.04 167.01 180.26 160.21 183.87 183.87 189.10 191.32 191.42 197.58 143.70 258.65 113.20 261.38 266.33 235.83 260.00 260.10 219.37 222.52 220.90 256.19 Note: In the base year 2007-08 prices of Kerosene Oil has been quoted instead of Other Oils 92 216.90 - 121.75 140.93 142.05 162.09 170.93 201.11 210.60 227.95 100.42 102.45 104.82 122.67 127.42 111.61 139.83 129.35 132.15 103.63 114.01 129.08 107.07 127.27 140.80 104.89 - 101.45 109.08 111.60 168.48 216.67 220.42 220.40 222.98 215.78 216.40 223.84 118.75 139.00 149.51 170.36 200.60 214.44 214.35 225.62 233.96 233.35 242.63 117.30 162.19 185.77 203.42 225.95 212.15 212.23 214.45 217.99 216.01 237.47 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
410. BLANK PAGE
411. TABLE 8 .1 SUMMARY BALANCE OF PAYMENTS AS PER BPM6 (Million US$) ITEM 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 R (Jul-Mar) FY19 (P) Current Account Balance Current Account Balance without off. transfers Exports of Goods FOB Imports of Goods FOB Balance on Trade in Goods Exports of Services Imports of Services of which Transportation Travel Balance on Trade in Services Balance on Trade in Goods and Services Primary Income credit Primary Income debit of which: Interest Payments Balance on Primary Income Balance on Goods, Services and Primary Income Secondary Income credit of which: Workers' Remittances Secondary Income debit Balance on secondary Income Capital Account Balance Capital Account credit Capital Account debit Net lending (+) / Net borrowing (–) (Current and Capital Accounts) Financial Account Direct investment Direct Investment Abroad Direct Investment in Pakistan Portfolio investment Portfolio Investment Abroad Portfolio Investment in Pakistan Financial Derivatives (other than reserves) and ESOs* Other Investment Net Acquisition of Financial Assets Net Incurrence of Liabilities of which General Government Disbursements Other Long Term Short Term Amortization Other Long Term Short Term Other Liabilities (Net) Net Errors and Omissions Overall Balance Reserves and Related Items Reserve Assets Use of Fund Credit and Loans Exceptional Financing SBP Gross Reserves P: Provisional R: Revised *: Employee Stock Options -4,658 -5,243 24,718 40,370 -15,652 5,013 8,318 -2,496 -2,898 24,802 40,157 -15,355 6,724 8,288 -3,130 -3,464 25,078 41,668 -16,590 5,345 7,995 -2,795 -3,121 24,090 41,357 -17,267 5,878 8,848 -4,867 -5,451 21,972 41,255 -19,283 5,459 8,865 -12,621 -13,131 22,003 48,683 -26,680 5,555 9,894 -19,897 -20,773 24,768 56,592 -31,824 5,288 11,356 -9,588 -10,055 18,008 39,314 -21,306 3,945 6,479 3,516 1,367 -3,305 -18,957 826 4,071 1,633 -3,245 -22,202 17,686 13,186 142 17,544 183 186 3 -4,475 -1,280 -744 77 821 144 32 -112 0 -680 -9 671 3,297 1,233 -1,564 -16,919 488 4,157 1,240 -3,669 -20,588 18,183 13,922 91 18,092 264 266 2 -2,232 -549 -1,258 198 1,456 -26 99 125 0 735 314 -421 3,874 1,073 -2,650 -19,240 508 4,463 1,344 -3,955 -23,195 20,222 15,837 157 20,065 1,857 1,857 0 -1,273 -5,553 -1,572 128 1,700 -2,762 -23 2,739 2 -1,221 -211 1,010 4,160 1,518 -2,970 -20,237 644 5,243 1,625 -4,599 -24,836 22,305 18,721 264 22,041 375 375 0 -2,420 -5,074 -915 73 988 -1,886 -44 1,842 -2 -2,271 -71 2,200 3,286 1,839 -3,406 -22,689 608 5,955 1,763 -5,347 -28,036 23,297 19,917 128 23,169 273 279 6 -4,594 -6,790 -2,286 19 2,305 429 100 -329 0 -4,933 96 5,029 3,878 2,000 -4,339 -31,019 662 5,710 2,059 -5,048 -36,067 23,647 19,351 201 23,446 375 375 0 -12,246 -10,198 -2,663 86 2,749 250 -1 -251 0 -7,785 1,180 8,965 4,046 2,289 -6,068 -37,892 679 6,163 2,780 -5,484 -43,376 23,708 19,914 229 23,479 376 376 0 -19,521 -14,300 -3,461 10 3,471 -2,257 -48 2,209 0 -8,582 273 8,855 2,517 1,085 -2,534 -23,840 511 4,398 2,338 -3,887 -27,727 18,298 16,095 159 18,139 165 165 0 -9,423 -10,995 -1,266 6 1,272 276 -122 -398 0 -10,005 533 10,538 998 2,633 2,633 0 1,577 1,477 100 -58 -80 3,275 -3,275 -4,430 -1,155 0 11,905 248 2,530 2,274 256 2,282 1,530 391 0 -309 1,992 -1,992 -4,530 -2,538 0 7,198 1,610 4,349 3,617 732 2,734 1,834 0 -5 -422 -3,858 3,858 3,285 -573 0 10,509 1,400 4,243 3,088 1,155 2,841 1,696 582 -2 -8 -2,646 2,646 4,595 1,949 0 14,836 3,445 6,159 4,498 1,661 2,714 1,927 734 0 456 -2,652 2,652 4,661 2,009 0 19,446 95 5,040 4,894 3,750 9,414 8,507 5,637 8,251 6,782 4,849 1,163 1,725 788 4,374 4,107 3,887 2,981 2,619 2,510 1,393 1,488 1,377 0 494 2,000 102 -920 -234 1,946 6,141 -1,338 -1,946 -6,141 1,338 -1,844 -6,227 1,087 102 -86 -251 0 0 0 17,550 11,341 12,376 Source: State Bank of Pakistan
412. TABLE 8 .2 COMPONENTS OF BALANCE OF PAYMENTS (AS PERCENT OF GDP) Year Exports * Imports * Trade Deficit * Worker's Remittances # 2000-01 12.9 15.1 2.1 1.5 2002-03 13.5 14.8 1.3 5.1 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06** 12.8 12.6 13.0 12.0 14.4 15.9 20.0 2008-09 10.5 20.7 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Jul-Mar 2017-18 2018-19 (P) P : * : **: # : 10.9 11.6 10.5 10.6 10.3 8.7 7.5 6.7 7.4 5.4 6.0 5.6 20.9 11.1 11.2 3.3 18.6 2006-07 2007-08 1.7 3.6 -4.8 10.2 4.6 -5.5 19.6 8.7 7.3 9.5 8.9 18.4 8.2 16.9 8.2 16.0 8.6 17.4 10.7 14.0 8.6 19.3 11.9 14.2 8.3 Provisional Based on the data compiled bybyFBS PBS Based on revised GDP base year since 2005-06 onwards Based on the data compiled by SBP 96 1.8 8.9 12.3 19.4 4.9 -1.4 23.5 20.0 3.9 1.9 3.8 8.9 18.9 3.3 Current Account Balance # -0.7 3.4 3.8 5.0 5.2 -4.1 -8.2 -2.2 0.1 5.9 -2.1 6.5 -1.3 6.0 6.9 7.1 6.3 6.3 4.7 5.6 -1.1 -1.0 -1.7 -4.1 -6.3 -4.3 -3.3 Source: PBS, SBP & E.A.Wing, Finance Division
413. TABLE 8 .3 EXPORTS, IMPORTS & TRADE BALANCE Year 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Rs. million Current Prices Exports Imports Balance 539,070 627,000 652,294 714,372 560,947 709,036 634,630 1,851,806 2008-09 1,383,718 2,723,570 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 1,617,458 2,120,847 2,110,605 2,366,478 2,583,463 2,397,513 2,166,846 2,138,186 2,555,043 2018-19 P 2,263,648 P : Provisional -62,078 16.28 12.57 -368,991 20.46 36.23 -726,317 1,029,312 1,196,638 17.46 1,711,158 2006-07 2007-08 21.50 -73,683 -188,789 1,223,079 984,841 -87,930 897,825 854,088 2005-06 Growth Rate (%) Exports Imports Balance -822,494 4.06 8.70 15.31 4.52 2,512,072 -1,315,434 16.26 2,910,975 -1,293,517 16.89 3,455,287 4,009,093 4,349,880 4,630,521 4,644,152 4,658,749 5,539,721 6,694,897 5,371,142 -1,339,852 -1,334,440 15.63 8.22 -6,207 16.88 32.11 13.24 14,391 16,976 10,340 15,592 20,598 -1,205 -3,279 28,581 -12,130 30,540 -13,564 59.93 19,052 39,966 -20,914 6.88 -3.46 19,290 34,710 -15,420 16.03 42.27 6.45 3.21 8.42 -1.32 18.91 23.10 12.63 19.50 95.45 9,135 35.66 -3,401,535 -3,107,494 18.18 16,451 -7.20 -4,139,854 22.17 96.84 -2,246,639 -9.62 -1,060 39.91 8.50 -2,491,903 12,220 12,313 12.12 9.17 11,160 204.12 -1,983,402 -2,047,058 -1,527 25.68 18.70 -0.48 10,729 -16.20 -15.75 1.86 3.16 4.47 0.29 9.75 0.31 10.92 20.85 21.71 36.50 19.93 97 Growth Rate (%) Exports Imports Balance 9,202 1.22 31.12 -1,898,488 -2.42 US $ million Current Prices Exports Imports Balance 17,688 24,810 23,624 24,460 25,110 23,667 20,787 20,422 23,212 17,071 34,822 40,414 44,912 44,950 45,073 45,826 44,685 52,910 60,795 40,679 -17,134 7.39 -0.73 10.33 14.31 3.19 12.23 4.07 -3.63 -12.24 -21.09 -12.03 27.59 209.34 38.76 95.42 6.85 30.86 89.30 11.82 54.19 -7.16 -12.87 -18.07 -15,604 28.62 16.43 1.19 -20,490 3.54 0.08 -21,288 -19,963 -22,159 9.06 -4.78 2.66 -5.75 -23,898 -12.17 -37,583 13.66 -32,488 -1.76 -0.32 11.13 0.27 -10.00 36.43 -3.75 -2.57 1.67 11.00 18.41 35.94 -2.49 14.90 7.85 15.68 -23,608 0.04 -8.13 -2.41 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
414. TABLE 8 .4 A UNIT VALUE INDICES & TERMS OF TRADE (T.O.T) (1990-91 = 100) Groups 2000-01 All Groups Exports 271.47 Imports 298.44 T.O.T. 90.96 Food & Live Animals Exports 249.32 Imports 278.82 T.O.T. 89.42 Beverages & Tobacco Exports 171.44 Imports 698.92 T.O.T. 24.53 Crude Materials (inedible except fuels) Exports 192.12 Imports 218.95 T.O.T. 87.75 Minerals, Fuels & Lubricants Exports 373.65 Imports 276.87 T.O.T. 134.96 Chemicals Exports 282.36 Imports 228.06 T.O.T. 123.81 Animal & Vegetable Oils, Fats & Waxes Exports Imports 195.10 T.O.T. Manufactured Goods Exports 279.04 Imports 251.50 T.O.T. 110.95 Machinery & Transport Equipment Exports 453.20 Imports 470.20 T.O.T. 96.38 Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles Exports 292.47 Imports 323.02 T.O.T. 90.54 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 271.18 298.56 90.83 254.02 309.52 82.07 279.65 355.43 78.68 288.84 392.45 73.60 299.31 460.38 65.01 310.03 495.33 62.59 350.40 632.30 55.42 450.40 790.82 56.95 478.07 839.60 56.94 260.55 277.41 93.92 258.11 259.76 99.36 267.55 282.18 94.82 303.93 314.36 96.68 327.47 323.95 101.09 350.75 431.20 81.34 496.58 551.25 90.08 758.42 622.23 121.89 693.35 689.76 100.52 169.82 790.14 21.49 146.52 598.00 24.50 175.33 521.88 33.60 162.96 561.23 29.04 191.13 621.67 30.74 208.44 675.14 30.87 202.67 635.41 31.02 431.15 884.26 48.76 629.08 961.43 65.43 158.90 228.14 69.65 171.58 232.37 73.84 218.86 245.01 89.33 195.64 293.06 66.76 209.97 329.71 63.68 225.52 350.19 64.40 328.53 445.35 73.77 494.08 613.16 80.58 573.05 677.43 84.59 314.40 249.66 125.93 365.14 297.20 122.86 416.09 306.38 135.81 525.75 389.16 135.10 644.33 615.00 104.77 733.54 632.08 116.05 979.83 877.47 111.67 840.28 982.09 85.56 1115.54 975.40 114.37 281.54 239.29 117.66 270.05 245.60 109.96 265.61 313.15 84.82 277.23 334.10 82.98 312.89 372.17 84.07 362.50 392.87 92.27 397.29 471.77 84.21 480.24 659.24 72.85 534.75 725.54 73.70 224.82 - 300.36 - 347.94 281.83 244.97 115.05 248.93 240.82 103.37 274.02 287.80 95.21 284.72 301.00 94.59 289.58 340.71 84.99 300.76 375.06 80.19 318.97 427.60 74.60 387.90 559.24 69.36 411.00 612.77 67.07 579.13 481.18 120.36 572.31 450.67 126.99 396.09 537.55 73.68 342.97 561.15 61.12 414.01 538.14 76.93 430.91 580.85 74.19 518.62 639.86 81.05 806.33 897.86 89.81 988.72 965.15 102.44 298.40 320.35 93.15 294.67 299.60 98.35 318.55 333.22 95.60 324.17 343.13 94.47 342.71 414.94 82.59 340.99 418.65 81.45 351.77 605.24 58.12 442.64 763.29 57.99 498.40 964.44 51.68 - - : Not available 358.48 - 341.40 - 406.00 - 647.28 - 793.22 - 881.02 - (Contd...) 98
415. TABLE 8 .4 B UNIT VALUE INDICES & TERMS OF TRADE (T.O.T) (1990-91 = 100) Groups 2010-11 All Groups Exports 593.19 Imports 1013.10 T.O.T. 58.55 Food & Live Animals Exports 747.72 Imports 743.82 T.O.T. 100.52 Beverages & Tobacco Exports 804.61 Imports 1060.35 T.O.T. 75.88 Crude Materials (inedible except fuels) Exports 647.55 Imports 803.59 T.O.T. 80.58 Minerals, Fuels & Lubricants Exports 1333.56 Imports 1255.86 T.O.T. 106.19 Chemicals Exports 620.91 Imports 796.89 T.O.T. 77.92 Animal & Vegetable Oils, Fats & Waxes Exports Imports 1005.72 T.O.T. Manufactured Goods Exports 559.56 Imports 747.32 T.O.T. 74.88 Machinery & Transport Equipment Exports 1286.13 Imports 1183.62 T.O.T. 108.66 Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles Exports 558.25 Imports 1174.99 T.O.T. 47.61 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 P 679.44 1,233.49 55.08 715.45 1,329.56 53.81 752.86 1,387.15 54.27 759.21 1,394.75 54.43 705.02 1,215.80 57.99 701.43 1,199.54 58.47 735.50 1,261.25 58.32 786.25 1324.28 59.37 800.09 791.79 101.05 884.48 802.28 110.25 954.07 838.74 113.75 1,057.47 891.28 118.65 944.46 839.11 112.55 923.60 829.56 111.34 1,134.29 943.23 120.26 1216.47 864.24 140.76 935.29 1,230.10 76.03 1,052.54 1,339.47 78.58 1,127.89 1,446.20 77.99 1,148.80 1,620.65 70.89 1,217.42 1,700.77 71.58 1,225.01 1,762.07 69.52 1,061.25 1,656.22 64.08 837.63 1288.07 65.03 848.74 881.00 96.34 958.74 995.65 96.29 1,009.57 1,046.35 96.48 999.87 1,048.08 95.40 920.79 1,031.47 89.27 888.69 1,019.86 87.14 1,043.30 1,020.56 102.23 1101.26 1079.54 102.01 1,500.63 1,651.93 90.84 1,615.08 1,720.77 93.86 1,682.81 1,757.91 95.73 1,713.20 1,511.85 113.32 1,092.25 919.48 118.79 1,126.22 811.76 138.74 1,485.92 1,030.32 144.22 1989.18 1543.01 128.92 739.66 897.56 82.41 876.11 994.50 88.10 939.50 1,098.60 85.52 935.18 1,256.50 74.43 1,000.41 1,193.67 83.81 1,017.19 1,277.08 79.65 1,054.28 1,264.05 83.40 1124.31 1320.88 85.12 1,240.29 - 1,103.29 - 1,054.13 - 1,037.83 - 1,011.65 - 1,090.65 - 1,010.73 - 990.55 - 641.15 823.33 77.87 689.62 887.02 77.75 698.49 899.66 77.64 667.05 1,026.39 64.99 607.38 920.53 65.98 595.81 927.03 64.27 580.96 939.97 61.81 611.49 1086.57 56.28 1,517.96 1,407.29 107.86 1,603.48 1,738.91 92.21 1,650.17 1,866.32 88.42 1,789.37 1,985.27 90.13 1,873.58 1,913.99 97.89 1,741.77 1,872.19 93.03 1,838.42 1,913.85 96.06 1426.65 1465.76 97.33 650.31 1,274.46 51.03 657.15 1,342.66 48.94 700.75 1,458.63 48.04 728.76 1,854.42 39.30 774.38 2,376.63 32.58 786.63 2,494.45 31.54 820.87 2,652.61 30.95 874.86 2140.31 40.88 P : Provisional Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 99
416. TABLE 8 .5 A ECONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF EXPORTS Year 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 Primary Commodities Value Percentage Share 67,783 13 71,194 11 60,346 70,716 92,018 11 10 11 Semi-Manufactured Value Percentage Share 81,288 15 71,323 11 80,438 83,361 86,483 14 12 10 (Value in Rs million) Manufactured Goods Value Percentage Total Share Value * 389,999 72 539,070 509,777 78 652,294 420,163 554,959 675,586 75 78 79 2005-06 112,268 11 106,029 11 766,543 78 2007-08 171,670 14 127,090 11 897,877 75 2006-07 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 113,954 224,873 287,491 377,536 362,404 364,127 420,496 402,750 356,584 331,040 454,351 11 16 18 18 17 15 16 17 16 15 18 2018-19 P 411,274 18 P : Provisional * : Total may differ due to rounding off figure 121,930 130,693 170,609 274,500 261,831 391,151 369,066 352,074 254,329 246,319 307,567 212,172 100 12 793,428 10 1,028,151 13 1,468,811 10 12 17 14 15 12 12 12 9 1,159,358 1,486,370 1,611,199 1,793,901 1,642,689 1,555,933 1,560,826 1,793,125 560,947 709,036 854,088 984,841 77 1,029,312 74 1,383,718 72 69 71 68 70 68 72 73 70 1,196,638 1,617,458 2,120,847 2,110,605 2,366,478 2,583,463 2,397,513 2,166,846 2,138,186 2,555,043 1,640,202 72 2,263,648 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
417. TABLE 8 .5 B ECONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF IMPORTS Year 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Capital Goods Value Percentage Share 157,091 25 220,942 31 176,702 316,082 441,528 631,644 670,539 731,017 790,327 812,016 829,005 911,561 2012-13 1,049,775 2014-15 1,233,341 2013-14 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 1,081,329 1,482,878 1,887,928 2,084,584 28 35 Industrial Raw Material For Capital Goods Consumer Goods Value Percentage Value Percentage Share Share 34,371 6 345,770 55 41,216 6 380,035 53 39,038 57,310 36 101,719 36 134,519 37 29 29 28 24 23 24 23 27 31 34 31 124,480 202,538 246,600 209,051 239,525 262,212 293,733 306,810 388,167 417,210 470,891 660,986 2018-19 P 1,470,357 27 563,709 P : Provisional * : Total may differ due to rounding off figures 6 346,865 7 441,586 8 557,226 7 769,336 7 864,736 8 1,322,329 7 1,509,081 9 1,337,986 7 1,826,243 7 2,292,309 7 2,353,818 7 2,462,189 8 2,214,664 9 1,887,884 9 2,199,168 10 2,878,788 10 2,363,344 101 55 49 (Rs million) Consumer Goods Value Percentage Share 89,768 14 72,179 10 72,025 82,847 11 9 Total Value * 627,000 634,630 714,372 897,825 46 122,607 10 1,223,079 47 182,011 10 1,851,806 45 53 49 52 53 57 54 53 48 41 40 43 44 185,698 256,187 348,657 380,827 560,512 543,011 652,553 780,192 807,980 870,977 981,733 1,070,539 11 10 13 13 16 14 15 17 17 19 18 16 1,711,158 2,512,072 2,723,570 2,910,975 3,455,285 4,009,093 4,349,880 4,630,521 4,644,152 4,658,748 5,539,721 6,694,897 973,732 18 5,371,142 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
418. TABLE 8 .6 MAJOR IMPORTS (Rs million) Items 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 1. Chemicals 395,889 435,801 447,521 498,340 532,197 540,558 579,959 719,354 617,689 2. Drugs & medicines 58,870 62,268 80,736 81,399 96,183 96,135 102,110 118,122 109,310 3. Dyes and colours 28,283 29,129 29,932 38,601 40,221 43,345 47,334 55,255 50,777 4. Chemical Fertilizers 45,947 110,626 63,277 73,058 92,641 75,667 67,063 90,879 92,856 5. Electrical goods 67,851 72,608 81,728 114,784 122,183 187,163 243,082 240,424 173,470 6. Machinery (non-electrical) 387,463 435,139 473,258 551,829 633,733 712,920 996,128 1,041,974 723,880 7. Transport equipments 184,075 192,247 228,987 219,877 263,622 297,225 332,549 462,630 256,535 8. Paper, board & stationery 44,845 38,081 38,970 44,362 56,130 56,930 59,960 69,096 59,516 9. Tea 28,560 31,292 35,632 30,827 34,532 53,491 54,839 60,368 58,980 10. Sugar-refined 58,669 1,167 501 635 631 645 535 554 395 11. Art-silk yarn 46,703 52,939 52,328 63,596 69,028 64,612 66,478 72,996 64,444 12. Iron, steel & manufactures thereof 135,363 156,683 193,543 180,530 226,030 261,291 228,719 344,595 293,432 13. Non-ferrous metals 39,420 35,370 37,693 44,389 44,709 51,722 55,534 67,736 47,319 1,033,497 1,361,511 1,447,531 1,527,753 1,195,025 794,698 982,619 1,289,222 1,054,035 178,424 216,387 196,776 206,955 186,010 195,200 212,327 238,563 192,203 16. Grains, pulses & flour 44,858 48,691 45,239 52,710 71,742 77,525 110,483 72,603 61,035 17. Other imports 676,570 729,154 896,228 900,876 979,535 1,149,622 1,340,002 1,750,526 1,515,266 3,455,287 4,009,093 4,349,880 4,630,521 4,644,152 4,658,749 5,479,721 6,694,897 5,371,142 14. Petroleum & products 15. Edible oils Grand Total P : Provisional 102 2018-19 P Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
419. TABLE 8 .7 MAJOR EXPORTS 1. Rice 2. Fish and Fish preparations 3. Fruits 4. Wheat 5. Sugar 6. Meat and Meat Preparations 7. Raw Cotton 8. Cotton Yarn 9. Cotton Fabrics 10. Hosiery 11. (Knitwear) Bedwear 12. Towels 13. Readymade 14. Garments Art Silk and Synthetic Textiles 15. Carpets, Carpeting Rugs & Mats 16. Sports Goods excl. Toys 17. Leather Excluding Reptile Leather (Tanned) 18. Leather Manufactures 19. Foot wear 20. Medical & Surgical Instruments 21. Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals 22. Engineering goods 23. Jewellery 24. Cement and cement Products 25. All other items Total Exports P: Provisional 2010-11 183,557 25,319 23,138 49,746 - 13,027 30,734 2011-12 184,405 28,590 2012-13 186,304 30,755 2013-14 222,906 37,918 2014-15 206,266 35,429 2015-16 194,246 33,918 2016-17 168,244 41,214 49,755 199,844 39,246 37,772 45,196 44,375 44,607 39,878 43,842 49,355 2,576 51,643 29,638 32,686 13,818 16,867 56,379 15,165 11,178 15,522 41,393 6,064 20,362 14,882 732 23,650 21,353 291 24,657 14,931 17 28,036 7,948 109 23,103 4,559 162,004 217,123 205,660 187,376 131,700 130,216 196,110 176,682 196,408 235,564 243,719 246,267 247,242 64,978 61,326 75,060 178,290 224,739 2018-19 P 32,068 186,601 219,065 2017-18 (Rs million) 218,160 155,108 260,347 285,130 248,431 172,538 219,962 213,018 78,889 80,778 230,757 210,543 83,681 27,109 24,920 6,184 151,063 15,512 20,839 2,026 110,257 223,675 242,374 211,203 223,812 248,538 227,309 83,819 298,374 87,633 285,040 77,967 152,858 144,269 175,662 196,198 212,210 228,861 242,782 283,498 259,763 11,285 10,757 11,839 12,935 12,098 10,186 8,219 8,317 6,719 27,839 30,240 31,888 37,256 34,294 33,862 32,285 37,710 29,386 39,569 39,841 48,378 56,496 49,583 37,803 36,180 36,330 24,847 46,178 46,536 54,000 64,360 60,429 54,788 51,421 57,422 47,440 9,296 8,860 10,037 12,209 13,304 11,453 10,024 35,574 11,913 41,618 11,948 37,038 57,103 48,817 39,369 39,508 34,069 29,168 29,316 77,816 96,009 84,213 120,391 99,339 83,752 92,176 114,350 111,192 21,650 24,726 28,030 33,487 22,675 19,645 18,238 22,882 16,719 34,588 82,774 112,419 33,844 411,914 2,120,847 417,019 2,110,605 55,878 421,592 2,371,879 52,147 483,309 2,583,463 103 668 44,943 447,952 2,397,513 37,408 19,638 27,126 44,619 34,576 30,005 21,995 38,191 34,725 33,485 833 33,468 359,244 2,166,846 610 644 504 24,896 24,420 29,186 363,405 420,960 405,975 2,138,186 2,555,043 2,263,648 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
420. TABLE 8 .8 A DESTINATION OF EXPORTS & ORIGIN OF IMPORTS REGION 2000-01 1. Developed Countries Exports 58.1 Imports 34.3 a. OECD Exports 57.6 Imports 33.7 b. Other European Countries Exports 0.5 Imports 0.6 2. CMEA* Exports 0.5 Imports 1.1 3. Developing Countries Exports 41.4 Imports 64.6 a. OIC Exports 19.2 Imports 36.0 b. SAARC Exports 2.5 Imports 2.4 c. ASEAN Exports 2.7 Imports 11.7 d. Central America Exports 1.0 Imports 0.1 e. South America Exports 0.9 Imports 0.7 f. Other Asian Countries Exports 11.4 Imports 10.9 g. Other African Countries Exports 3.5 Imports 2.7 h. Central Asian States Exports 0.2 Imports 0.1 Total 100 - : Not available * : Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (% Share) 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 56.1 34.4 58.2 35.5 55.9 38.0 55.9 38.0 54.7 34.2 54.7 33.3 51.0 30.2 46.4 29.1 43.7 26.3 55.6 33.5 57.5 34.7 55.2 34.7 55.2 34.7 53.8 32.4 53.8 31.5 50.0 27.1 45.5 27.8 42.8 25.3 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.7 3.3 0.7 3.3 0.9 1.8 0.9 1.8 1.0 3.1 0.9 1.3 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.7 1.2 0.9 2.1 0.9 2.1 0.9 2.2 1.1 1.8 1.2 1.4 1.2 3.1 1.2 1.2 43.3 64.8 41.1 63.3 43.2 59.9 43.2 59.9 44.4 63.6 44.2 64.9 47.8 68.4 52.4 67.8 55.1 72.5 22.3 35.2 20.7 33.7 21.9 29.2 21.9 29.2 23.3 33.7 21.6 32.0 26.4 33.4 30.4 33.9 29.1 37.4 2.4 1.9 3.2 3.1 4.6 3.2 4.6 3.2 4.4 3.3 4.8 4.5 4.4 5.0 5.0 3.8 5.4 3.9 2.9 12.2 2.7 11.1 2.1 10.0 2.1 10.0 1.7 9.1 1.9 9.5 1.7 9.9 2.1 10.4 2.8 11.4 0.9 0.1 0.9 0.1 0.9 0.1 0.9 0.1 0.9 0.1 1.1 0.2 1.0 0.1 1.0 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.4 0.8 1.6 1.8 1.4 1.2 1.2 0.6 9.9 12.5 9.4 12.3 8.7 13.7 8.7 13.7 8.9 13.7 9.2 15.9 8.4 15.7 8.5 15.2 11.2 16.3 4.0 2.3 3.2 2.3 4.0 2.4 4.0 2.4 4.1 2.2 4.1 1.9 4.2 2.2 4.0 3.0 4.4 2.5 0.2 0.1 100 0.1 0.2 100 0.1 0.2 100 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 100 100 100 100 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 0.1 0.2 100 0.2 100 - 104 2008-09 2009-10
421. TABLE 8 .8 B DESTINATION OF EXPORTS & ORIGIN OF IMPORTS REGION 2010-11 2011-12 1. Developed Countries Exports 43.3 Imports 22.7 a. OECD Exports 42.3 Imports 21.6 b. Other European Countries Exports 1.0 Imports 0.6 2. CMEA* Exports 1.3 Imports 1.1 3. Developing Countries Exports 55.4 Imports 76.7 a. OIC Exports 28.3 Imports 38.0 b. SAARC Exports 6.5 Imports 4.7 c. ASEAN Exports 2.3 Imports 11.9 d. Central America Exports 0.8 Imports 0.1 e. South America Exports 1.5 Imports 1.1 f. Other Asian Countries Exports 11.8 Imports 17.8 g. Other African Countries Exports 4.1 Imports 2.9 h. Central Asian States Exports 0.1 Imports 0.2 Total 100 P : Provisional - : Not available * : Council for Mutual Economic Assistance 2012-13 (% Share) 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 P 40.3 21.0 41.5 21.5 44.7 20.5 46.7 20.9 51.6 23.3 53.4 22.5 52.2 22.0 53.7 21.0 39.2 19.9 40.4 20.5 43.5 18.5 45.5 18.4 50.5 20.9 52.2 20.6 50.8 20.1 52.4 19.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.2 2.0 1.1 2.5 1.1 2.4 1.2 1.9 1.3 1.9 1.3 1.9 1.4 1.1 1.5 1.0 1.6 1.0 1.7 1.3 1.9 0.9 2.1 1.3 2.0 1.0 2.3 1.0 58.3 77.9 57.0 77.6 53.7 78.5 51.6 77.8 46.6 75.8 44.6 76.2 45.8 77.0 44.0 78.0 28.8 40.8 26.5 40.5 23.3 39.4 20.9 33.2 18.6 24.7 17.2 26.2 17.5 28.2 15.8 31.1 5.4 3.7 5.6 4.3 5.5 4.8 5.6 4.0 6.0 4.3 6.1 3.5 6.1 3.4 6.4 3.1 3.0 11.8 2.8 11.0 2.6 11.0 3.6 10.7 2.6 10.2 2.8 9.8 3.7 10.2 3.6 10.5 0.8 0.1 0.8 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.8 0.1 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.2 0.7 0.3 0.7 0.2 1.4 0.6 1.4 0.8 1.4 0.8 1.3 1.3 1.2 2.2 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.1 0.8 14.5 18.3 15.4 18.2 14.9 20.2 14.1 25.6 12.1 30.7 11.5 31.6 11.3 29.3 11.5 27.1 4.3 2.6 4.4 2.6 5.2 2.2 5.2 2.9 5.0 3.4 4.7 3.4 4.8 4.1 4.4 5.0 0.1 100 0.1 100 0.1 100 0.1 100 0.2 0.1 100 105 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 100 100 100 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
422. TABLE 8 .9 A WORKERS' REMITTANCES COUNTRY 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 4,152.29 91.22 48.49 53.84 6.51 214.78 18.30 86.86 627.19 119.28 712.61 152.51 532.93 26.17 1.00 371.86 1,294.08 507.27 4,588.03 100.57 81.71 59.03 6.63 246.75 16.82 118.69 750.44 130.45 716.30 147.89 540.24 26.87 1.30 438.65 1,242.49 679.50 5,490.97 136.28 87.20 76.87 4.26 288.71 22.04 170.65 1,023.56 161.69 866.49 200.40 635.60 28.86 1.63 430.04 1,459.64 763.54 6,448.84 140.51 100.62 73.33 4.75 384.58 28.78 233.36 1,251.32 224.94 1,090.30 298.80 761.24 28.58 1.68 458.87 1,762.03 695.45 7,810.95 153.27 79.07 100.71 5.10 432.05 24.94 339.51 1,559.56 277.82 1,688.59 669.40 970.42 47.84 0.93 605.59 1,735.87 808.87 8,904.9 151.4 115.1 81.2 5.7 445.1 34.7 354.2 1,917.7 287.3 2,038.5 1,130.3 851.5 54.6 2.1 876.4 1,771.2 826.6 II.Encashment* 64.98 48.26 46.12 45.42 16.50 12.09 Total (I+II) 1,086.57 2,389.05 4,236.85 3,871.58 4,168.79 4,600.12 * :Encashment and Profit in Pak Rs. of Foreign Exchange Bearer Certificates (FEBCs) & Foreign Currency Bearer Certificates (FCBCs) 2.68 5,493.65 2.40 6,451.24 0.48 7,811.43 1.0 8,905.9 (Contd…) 1,021.59 23.87 4.90 9.20 3.93 123.39 5.74 13.38 304.43 38.11 190.04 48.11 129.69 12.21 0.03 81.39 134.81 88.40 2001-02 2,340.79 39.58 20.52 13.44 5.97 89.66 6.55 31.87 376.34 63.18 469.49 103.72 331.47 34.05 0.25 151.93 778.98 293.28 2002-03 4,190.73 71.46 15.19 26.87 8.14 221.23 8.89 87.68 580.76 93.65 837.87 212.37 581.09 42.60 1.81 273.83 1,237.52 727.64 2003-04 (US $ million) 2004-05 I. Cash Flow Bahrain Canada Germany Japan Kuwait Norway Qatar Saudi Arabia Sultanat-e-Oman U.A.E. Abu Dhabi Dubai Sharjah Others U.K. U.S.A. Other Countries 2000-01 3,826.16 80.55 22.90 46.52 5.28 177.01 10.19 88.69 565.29 105.29 597.48 114.92 447.49 34.61 0.46 333.94 1,225.09 567.93 TABLE 8.9 A WORKERS' REMITTANCES COUNTRY Cash Flow Bahrain Canada Germany Japan Kuwait Norway Qatar Saudi Arabia Sultanat-e-Oman U.A.E. Abu Dhabi Dubai Sharjah Others U.K. U.S.A. Other Countries Total 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2.34 0.48 0.9 0.38 12.08 0.56 1.31 29.8 3.73 18.6 4.71 12.69 1.2 0 7.97 13.2 8.65 1.69 0.88 0.57 0.26 3.83 0.28 1.36 16.08 2.7 20.06 4.43 14.16 1.45 0.01 6.49 33.28 12.53 1.71 0.36 0.64 0.19 5.28 0.21 2.09 13.86 2.23 19.99 5.07 13.87 1.02 0.04 6.53 29.53 17.36 100 100 100 (% Share) 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2.11 0.60 1.22 0.14 4.63 0.27 2.32 14.77 2.75 15.62 3.00 11.70 0.90 0.01 8.73 32.02 14.84 2.20 1.17 1.30 0.16 5.17 0.44 2.09 15.10 2.87 17.16 3.67 12.83 0.63 0.02 8.96 31.17 12.22 2.19 1.78 1.29 0.14 5.38 0.37 2.59 16.36 2.84 15.61 3.22 11.77 0.59 0.03 9.56 27.08 14.81 2.48 1.59 1.40 0.08 5.26 0.40 3.11 18.64 2.94 15.78 3.65 11.58 0.53 0.03 7.83 26.58 13.91 2.18 1.56 1.14 0.07 5.96 0.45 3.62 19.40 3.49 16.91 4.63 11.80 0.44 0.03 7.12 27.32 10.78 1.96 1.01 1.29 0.07 5.53 0.32 4.35 19.97 3.56 21.62 8.57 12.42 0.61 0.01 7.75 22.22 10.36 1.70 1.29 0.91 0.06 5.00 0.39 3.98 21.53 3.23 22.89 12.69 9.56 0.61 0.02 9.84 19.89 9.28 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 (Contd…) 106 2009-10
423. TABLE 8 .9 B WORKERS' REMITTANCES (US $ million) COUNTRY 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 R I. Cash Flow Bahrain Canada Germany Japan Kuwait Norway Qatar Saudi Arabia Sultanat-e-Oman U.A.E. Abu Dhabi Dubai Sharjah Others U.K. U.S.A Other Countries 11,200.9 167.3 184.6 106.6 8.1 495.2 37.0 306.1 2,670.1 337.6 2,597.7 1,328.8 1,201.2 63.8 4.0 1,199.7 2,068.7 1,022.2 13,186.6 211.0 177.7 88.7 9.0 582.6 38.5 318.8 3,687.0 382.7 2,848.9 1,367.6 1,411.3 67.3 2.7 1,521.1 2,334.5 986.2 13,921.6 282.8 177.2 83.2 5.2 619.0 37.8 321.3 4,104.7 384.8 2,750.2 1,485.0 1,213.8 49.8 1.5 1,946.0 2,186.2 1,023.2 15,837.7 318.8 160.0 85.6 7.1 681.4 30.8 329.2 4,729.4 530.5 3,109.5 1,512.5 1,550.0 45.5 1.5 2,180.2 2,467.7 1,207.4 18,719.8 389.0 171.0 78.1 7.8 748.1 27.6 350.2 5,630.4 685.7 4,231.8 1,750.7 2,412.0 67.6 1.5 2,376.2 2,702.7 1,321.3 19,916.8 448.4 176.0 93.7 13.2 774.0 34.9 380.9 5,968.3 819.4 4,365.3 1,418.3 2,877.7 66.5 2.8 2,579.7 2,524.7 1,738.4 19,351.3 396.4 187.4 94.1 14.3 763.8 41.3 404.4 5,469.8 760.9 4,328.0 1,426.8 2,845.3 50.5 5.5 2,341.7 2,452.9 2,096.2 II.Encashment* Total (I+II) 0.1 11,201.0 0.0 13,186.6 0.1 13,921.7 0.0 15,837.7 0.2 18,720.0 19,916.8 - * :Encashment and Profit in Pak Rs. of Foreign Exchange Bearer Certificates (FEBCs) & Foreign Currency Bearer Certificates (FCBCs) 19,913.6 355.7 211.1 127.8 22.8 774.2 47.8 371.1 4,858.8 657.3 4,359.0 1,132.7 3,173.7 47.6 5.0 2,892.4 2,838.0 2,397.7 2018-19 P 16,096.3 243.6 149.3 92.3 13.5 540.7 31.5 281.7 3,747.5 476.4 3,414.5 1,089.3 2,287.8 27.1 10.3 2,475.5 2,516.8 2,113.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,351.3 19,913.6 16,096.3 Source: State Bank of Pakistan TABLE 8.9 B WORKERS' REMITTANCES COUNTRY Cash Flow Bahrain Canada Germany Japan Kuwait Norway Qatar Saudi Arabia Sultanat-e-Oman U.A.E. Abu Dhabi Dubai Sharjah Others U.K. U.S.A Other Countries Total P: Provisional 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 1.49 1.65 0.95 0.07 4.42 0.33 2.73 23.84 3.01 23.19 11.86 10.72 0.57 0.04 10.71 18.47 9.13 1.60 1.35 0.67 0.07 4.42 0.29 2.42 27.96 2.90 21.60 10.37 10.70 0.51 0.02 11.54 17.70 7.48 2.03 1.27 0.60 0.04 4.45 0.27 2.31 29.48 2.76 19.75 10.67 8.72 0.36 0.01 13.98 15.70 7.35 2.01 1.01 0.54 0.04 4.30 0.19 2.08 29.86 3.35 19.63 9.55 9.79 0.29 0.01 13.77 15.58 7.62 2.08 0.91 0.42 0.04 4.00 0.15 1.87 30.08 3.66 22.61 9.35 12.88 0.36 0.01 12.69 14.44 7.06 2.25 0.88 0.47 0.07 3.89 0.18 1.91 29.97 4.11 21.92 7.12 14.45 0.33 0.01 12.95 12.68 8.73 100 100 100 100 100 100 107 (% Share) 2016-17 2017-18 R 2018-19 P 2.05 0.97 0.49 0.07 3.95 0.21 2.09 28.27 3.93 22.37 7.37 14.70 0.26 0.03 12.10 12.68 10.83 1.8 1.1 0.6 0.1 3.9 0.2 1.9 24.4 3.3 21.9 5.7 15.9 0.2 0.0 14.5 14.3 12.0 1.51 0.93 0.57 0.08 3.36 0.20 1.75 23.28 2.96 21.21 6.77 14.21 0.17 0.06 15.38 15.64 13.13 100 100 100 Source: State Bank of Pakistan
424. TABLE 8 .10 GOLD & CASH FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES HELD & CONTROLLED BY STATE BANK OF PAKISTAN IN RUPPEES Total Cash 2 Period 2001 Jun* 170,786 Dec.* 252,249 Low 100,825 High 252,249 Jun* 134,587 Dec.* 216,050 2003 616,683 662,663 532,661 662,673 576,640 620,734 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 326,715 691,051 501,291 638,332 669,957 653,680 992,439 954,189 771,157 779,699 992,653 772,963 761,683 1,276,214 259,497 634,239 676,803 646,033 1,276,214 835,109 1,556,925 1,775,643 2012 1,438,698 1,314,155 1,299,786 963,392 774,197 2014 1,307,510 1,449,882 2016 2,325,799 2,312,350 2015 2017 2018 R 1,757,849 2,110,682 1,693,453 753,136 754,644 2,034,391 1,452,365 2,037,749 1,789,701 1,632,577 2,001,893 1,590,720 930,998 648,728 Low 34,015 High 36,199 620,744 40,043 41,929 40,020 41,929 590,027 585,934 660,742 847,828 694,840 Dec.* 36,199 461,271 599,713 789,906 478,641 1,205,160 2013 772,963 Jun* 36,199 223,298 695,786 619,968 1,083,632 492,641 573,421 592,016 708,325 355,009 632,399 652,465 106,361 1,083,632 157,544 192,582 1,445,662 267,954 931,848 811,326 1,011,134 1,288,061 1,584,430 1,125,621 980,592 954,440 1,257,965 1,302,120 717,295 512,038 1,449,882 1,038,202 1,200,107 2,404,776 2,038,628 2,060,269 2,034,391 2,229,859 1,906,897 1,510,698 1,840,320 1,377,842 471,447 130,971 219,913 313,077 246,097 77,177 285,126 333,563 262,159 2,128,176 287,170 252,081 1,509,347 1,262,858 - : Not available R : Revised * : Last day of the month 1 : Gold excludes unsettled claims of Gold on RBI 2 : Cash includes Sinking fund, Foreign currencies cash holdings and excludes unsettled claims on RBI 1,966,073 1,598,188 270,361 315,611 54,017 230,723 297,139 369,719 40,020 48,305 54,721 77,177 76,873 106,361 147,291 203,346 189,365 1,759,993 1,740,610 49,296 249,203 249,275 247,151 41,929 116,314 269,308 1,803,668 36,199 141,715 1,200,107 1,188,267 108 965,052 76,317 481,286 1,803,668 1,262,858 48,305 81,277 716,000 1,288,061 1,294,186 48,305 40,020 53,967 1,191,632 1,299,849 40,020 54,721 1,537,264 1,428,228 (Rs million) High 216,050 461,271 615,236 911,162 1,537,974 1,584,975 649,495 642,746 1,031,030 1,411,545 1,696,182 702,725 286,695 785,296 2010 2011 501,291 Low 65,083 Gold 1 235,433 303,074 246,097 143,112 249,203 329,981 348,805 337,068 248,274 288,264 241,900 291,829 230,723 263,786 306,447 264,097 297,139 308,710 Source: State Bank of Pakistan
425. TABLE 8 .11 A EXCHANGE RATE POSITION (Pakistan Rupees in Terms of One Unit of Selected Foreign Currencies) 2001-02 2002-03 (Average During the Year) 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 Dollar 32.1607 34.2101 41.0626 44.7141 44.7564 47.6760 56.1958 58.2931 Dollar 39.1719 38.8234 42.8526 47.5567 51.4986 53.5778 61.9742 67.5867 Hong Kong Dollar 7.8720 7.4990 7.3970 7.6176 7.7127 7.7772 8.0273 10.1246 Iran Rial Kuwait Dinar Country Currency Australia Canada Bangladesh China India Japan Malaysia Nepal Norway Singapore Sri Lanka Sweden Taka Yuan Rupee Yen Ringgit Rupee Krone Dollar Rupee Krona 1.0826 7.4149 1.2787 0.0307 0.4884 200.7861 16.1621 0.8033 7.0288 33.9503 0.6624 5.9117 Switzerland Franc 37.1824 Thailand Baht 1.4000 UK Pound 88.5691 Euro 54.9991 S. Arabia UAE USA EMU IMF Riyal Dirham Dollar SDR - : Not available 16.3792 16.7231 1.0108 7.0613 1.2219 0.0073 0.4888 0.9842 6.9497 1.2682 0.0069 0.5203 0.9774 7.1676 1.3253 0.0067 0.5558 0.9121 7.4161 1.3389 0.0066 0.5216 0.8723 7.7526 1.3746 0.0066 0.5122 194.5677 194.3681 202.3816 205.3258 209.8118 0.7515 0.7802 0.8169 0.8296 0.8575 15.3944 8.1021 33.3406 0.6057 6.691 41.4643 15.5961 1.3742 15.9261 15.1532 8.2191 33.5098 0.5920 7.5195 15.6244 9.1841 35.6797 0.5813 8.2949 16.0515 9.2141 36.4149 0.5872 7.7867 17.0649 9.7161 39.1651 0.5649 8.6143 0.9088 8.6128 1.5417 0.0067 0.5711 228.2954 18.9021 0.9593 11.6417 43.6846 0.5676 9.8890 1.1423 11.4930 1.6468 0.0081 0.8012 281.2742 22.3290 1.0285 12.4113 53.5502 0.7024 10.4330 44.2489 49.0657 46.8551 49.2385 56.6736 70.0527 - 1.4763 1.5005 1.6789 1.8786 2.2651 15.3488 15.6727 15.8027 16.1586 15.9608 16.2972 16.1656 16.5107 16.6973 17.0391 20.9341 21.3856 92.7433 100.1672 110.2891 106.4344 117.1852 125.2948 126.0915 61.3083 68.6226 75.5359 72.8661 79.1763 92.1700 107.4327 61.4258 58.4995 78.0627 79.3198 57.5745 83.2470 109 59.3576 88.5631 59.8566 86.9594 60.6342 90.7726 62.5465 98.6265 78.4983 119.9599 (Contd…)
426. TABLE 8 .11 B EXCHANGE RATE POSITION (Pakistan Rupees in Terms of One Unit of Selected Foreign Currencies) (Average During the Year) 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 Country Currency Australia Dollar 73.9643 84.6185 91.8961 99.2813 94.4043 84.6706 75.8551 78.9703 85.1230 95.2304 Canada Dollar 79.4785 85.4711 88.8631 96.3207 96.1939 86.6031 78.6541 78.9236 86.5105 100.2705 Hong Kong Dollar 10.8074 11.0019 11.4768 12.4764 13.2668 13.0664 13.4416 13.5015 14.0663 16.9026 0.0079 0.0079 0.0041 0.0037 0.0035 Bangladesh China Taka Yuan India Rupee Japan Yen Iran Kuwait Rial 2009-10 1.2118 12.2840 1.7995 0.0084 0.9164 2010-11 1.2101 12.9120 1.8881 0.0082 1.0301 1.1116 1.6757 1.0180 16.3639 1.6354 0.8865 1.3327 16.1983 1.5735 0.8959 0.0030 0.9965 364.9610 Rupee 1.1251 1.1800 1.1164 1.1044 1.0477 1.0222 0.9838 0.9861 1.0565 0.7694 Dollar Krona Franc 24.8037 59.6004 11.5692 78.9664 27.7427 15.5404 31.3927 16.8037 31.6823 17.0596 29.3817 12.4644 0.7701 0.7372 0.7031 78.0767 81.6310 77.3079 12.8272 13.2669 14.6811 15.7629 13.1103 0.7524 0.7862 74.9776 12.4006 2.7963 2.8943 3.1909 3.2278 3.1076 2.9393 3.0034 3.3964 22.8216 23.2883 UK Pound 132.4866 135.9640 141.1402 151.5965 167.2207 159.4351 154.4878 Euro 116.4991 116.5981 119.1998 125.1227 139.4950 121.6726 115.6294 129.7431 85.5017 133.3407 24.2894 89.2359 138.9409 26.3384 96.7272 147.2259 110 28.0070 102.8591 158.0043 27.5787 101.2947 146.9546 28.3865 436.6700 32.1647 1.1693 15.7298 14.6278 113.2043 Dirham 0.0031 1.1870 13.2473 105.5866 27.7996 1.8706 11.8827 106.3904 27.0040 19.4161 96.9155 0.7107 107.4720 27.4313 1.5784 81.9160 113.7726 25.8099 2018-19 P 75.1927 102.7673 23.7943 Baht SDR 13.7701 99.3752 22.8047 83.8017 27.0716 89.9297 22.3482 Dollar 24.4675 12.4110 70.7611 0.7625 25.2457 14.2794 66.1304 Riyal 2.5326 28.9142 Thailand P: Provisional 0.9611 1.6903 345.0024 0.7336 IMF 0.0033 345.2872 Rupee EMU 1.5778 16.9332 346.1203 Sri Lanka USA 15.4059 1.3414 364.0262 14.7356 UAE 1.3263 342.4219 14.0698 S. Arabia 1.1352 1.7658 16.7639 1.3045 322.3284 Krone Switzerland 1.7836 15.5063 1.3232 2017-18 304.4159 Norway Sweden 14.0507 1.2059 2016-17 291.6604 Ringgit Singapore 1.1385 2012-13 Dinar Malaysia Nepal 2011-12 27.9260 28.5170 132.7123 29.2998 29.9164 148.0433 0.7696 133.3027 35.2926 4.0872 36.0360 171.5452 104.2351 104.6971 109.8444 132.3306 145.8777 143.8126 156.7849 184.7736 114.0341 131.0859 151.5772 Source: State Bank of Pakistan
428. BLANK PAGE
429. TABLE 9 .1 PUBLIC & PUBLICLY GUARANTEED DEBT DISBURSED & OUTSTANDING AS ON 31-032019 Country/Creditor I. BILATERAL a. Paris Club Countries AUSTRIA BELGIUM CANADA FINLAND FRANCE GERMANY ITALY JAPAN KOREA THE NETHERLANDS NORWAY RUSSIA SPAIN SWEDEN SWITZERLAND UNITED KINGDOM UNITED STATES b. Non Paris Club Countries CHINA KUWAIT LIBYA SAUDI ARABIA UNITED ARAB EMIRATES c. Commercial Banks $ Million Amount Sub Total I.a. Paris Club Countries Sub Total I.b. Non-Paris Club Countries 26 19 393 4 1,624 1,369 164 5,672 372 86 11 77 65 98 80 5 1,195 11,261 14,039 165 4 211 33 14,453 9,570 35,284 Total I. (a+b+c) II. MULTILATERAL & Others ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (ADB) 10,728 INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT (IBRD) 1,319 INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION (IDA) 13,840 Other 1,482 ASIAN INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT BANK (AIIB) 59 EUROPEAN INVESTMENT BANK (EIB) 3 ISLAMIC DEVELOPMENT BANK (IDB) 1,040 INTERNATIONAL FUND FOR AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT (IFAD) 242 NORDIC DEVELOPMENT FUND 8 OPEC FUND 87 ECO TRADE BANK 43 Sub Total II. Multilateral & Others 27,369 III. BONDS 7,300 IV. DEFENCE V. IDB (SHORT TERM CREDIT) 625 VI. LOCAL CURRENCY BONDS (TBs & PIBs) VII. PAKISTAN BANAO CERTIFICATES 10 Grand Total: (I+II+III+IV+V+VI+VII) 70,588 Source: Economic Affairs Division 113
430. TABLE 9 .2 COMMITMENTS AND DISBURSEMENTS OF LOANS AND GRANTS (BY TYPE) Fiscal Year 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 Project Aid Commitment 396 973 700 Disbursement 1,030 741 846 2003-04 1,214 622 2005-06 3,250 2,084 2,440 1,565 2004-05 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2,089 1,365 2,296 3,729 2,384 3,341 1,848 9,809 2,038 918 - - - - - 175 1,076 - - 1,213 100 1,753 100 2,015 125 2,071 2,449 3,510 4,460 3,609 2,704 100 - - 73 - 80 - - - - - - - 9 - 10 - 100 - - 22 - 10 23 114 - 80 51 Disbursement 40 - - Food 91 - 125 - Commitment - 1,272 2017-18 757 - - - 2,337 2018-19 (Jul-Mar) - 133 12,325 4,257 - Disbursement 1,308 2015-16 2016-17 Non-Food Commitment Non-Project Aid 12 - 18 - - - - - - 1,089 1,263 1,128 1,880 1,057 755 1,202 1,803 2,649 2,058 1,225 1,309 3,947 2,846 397 1,262 2,013 3,238 2,305 5,069 5,199 8,566 8,173 - 7,803 5,457 2 3 1 1 2 2 3 2 68 4 949 Commitment 1,637 3,603 8 1,800 2 3,291 3 2 49 895 2,479 4,498 4,151 3,751 6,389 6,744 4,580 103 314 4 133 14,957 15 17,400 3,163 12 7,072 11 5,765 5 21 11 - Disbursement 0 466 - 2,671 21 1,799 4,612 708 Relief Commitment 648 5,019 - - 2,589 - - - 1,128 Disbursement 1,135 - - BOP - - Commitment ($ Million) Total* 6 268 134 1 2 45 0.37 1.36 4,679 2,660 4,721 Disbursement 2,186 2,756 1,920 1,380 2,723 3,357 3,381 3,660 4,688 3,668 2,620 3,089 2,855 6,840 5,756 7,551 12,071 10,682 6,215 8,471 12,078 12,678 *: Exclusive of IMF Loans Source: Economic Affairs Division Notes: Project Aid includes commitments and disbursements for Earthquake Rehabilitation & Construction BOP includes commitment and disbursement for Bonds, Commercial Banks, BOP Programme Loans, IDB Short-term credit and Tokyo Pledges Relief includes commitment and disbursement for Afghan Refugees, IDPs, Earthquake and Flood Assistance 114
431. TABLE 9 .3 ANNUAL COMMITMENTS, DISBURSEMENTS, SERVICE PAYMENTS AND EXTERNAL DEBT OUTSTANDING Fiscal Year Debt Outstanding @ Disbursed* Undisbursed* 2000-01 25,608 2,860 2002-03 28,301 3,811 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 27,215 28,900 30,813 33,033 35,673 2007-08 40,770 2009-10 43,187 2008-09 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 42,567 46,642 3,504 5,392 4,975 5,838 6,277 6,540 7,451 9,634 9,797 Commitment** 1,167 3,293 1,747 2,125 3,113 4,507 4,059 3,398 5,792 6,171 4,580 46,391 10,316 48,984 15,770 11,263 52,978 20,669 14,215 44,353 47,867 57,643 9,954 18,559 21,524 4,679 1,278 ($ Million) Debt Servicing as % of Transactions during period Service Payments*** Disbursement** Principal Interest 1,846 1,004 1,729 971 2,423 18.7 11.7 2.3 613 1,583 14.4 8.1 1.9 1,372 2,513 702 3,163 1,424 3,356 3,160 4,032 3,099 2,620 3,089 2,486 3,760 3,621 3,601 5,651 4,859 4,693 1,203 1,133 2,566 2,339 1,925 1,534 1,903 2,074 2,262 3,202 5,195 669 712 822 983 873 756 762 717 709 736 949 1,092 1,242 1,309 3,215 1,742 2,136 2,025 2,116 3,439 3,095 2,687 2,251 115 14.3 15.0 12.9 6.9 12.0 11.7 10.4 18.0 15.7 10.6 5.7 9.7 8.1 5.6 11.2 5.5 13.3 6,437 6.1 4.7 3,211 4,294 6.5 9.1 10.5 2,810 8.5 25.8 2,612 65,526 19,573 4,120 4,320 4,175 1,636 5,811 2017-18 2018-19 70,588 17,711 638 2,648 3,955 1,459 5,414 (Jul-Mar) * : Excluding grants ** : Excluding IMF, Short Term Credit, Commercial Credits and Bonds *** : Excluding IMF, Short Term Credit, Commercial Credits and Bonds up to the year 2003-04. From the Years 2004-05 onwards, debt servicing in respect of short-term borrowings and Eurobonds is included @: Public and Publically Guaranteed Loans GDP 1,668 538 1,072 Foreign Exchange Earning 663 772 2,452 Export Receipts Total 19.5 5.2 6.1 8.4 29.3 12.4 30.0 13.3 23.5 10.7 1.8 3.3 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.2 2.0 1.7 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.5 2.1 1.8 1.9 Source: Economic Affairs Division
432. TABLE 9 .4 DEBT SERVICE PAYMENTS OF FOREIGN LOANS (Paid in Foreign Exchange) Fiscal Year I. PARIS CLUB COUNTRIES 1. Australia 2. Austria 3. Belgium 4. Canada 5. Denmark 6. France 7. Finland 8. Germany 9. Italy 10. Japan 11. Korea 12. Norway 13. The Netherlands 14. Russia 15. Sweden 16. Spain 17. Switzerland 18. USA 19. UK TOTAL (I) II. NON-PARIS CLUB COUNTRIES 1. China 2. Czecho-Slovakia 3. Kuwait 4. Libya 5. Saudi Arabia 6. UAE 7. EXIM Bank (FE) 8. PL-480 9. CCC TOTAL (II) Kind 2010-11 2011-12 US$ Million 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 (Jul-Mar) Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest 3.581 3.466 0.711 1.702 2.075 1.018 31.301 87.466 0.136 0.067 18.138 18.619 22.712 0.285 56.651 129.489 11.068 6.836 1.504 0.346 0.354 3.244 2.831 6.027 3.578 1.683 0.610 1.987 2.235 1.339 4.078 29.111 0.223 0.143 161.786 292.828 2.760 2.950 0.901 1.836 2.372 0.965 34.169 81.713 0.156 0.062 23.629 17.290 0.576 0.317 64.135 134.327 12.656 6.750 0.497 0.304 0.375 3.285 3.238 5.895 4.092 1.597 0.697 1.905 2.554 1.299 4.663 28.928 0.250 0.157 157.720 289.580 3.664 2.976 1.014 1.746 2.717 0.989 39.776 77.533 0.179 0.064 17.883 16.513 0.652 0.222 61.458 117.640 14.492 6.907 0.570 0.273 0.345 2.970 3.707 5.709 4.681 1.630 0.822 1.846 2.878 1.229 5.339 28.665 0.282 0.161 160.459 267.073 4.923 3.006 1.223 1.773 3.118 0.754 52.270 79.165 0.206 0.051 14.458 26.691 0.764 0.163 55.903 103.270 16.626 5.932 0.648 0.202 0.514 3.221 4.255 5.514 5.366 1.225 0.960 1.782 3.431 3.886 6.124 28.414 0.342 0.066 171.131 265.115 3.767 2.312 1.222 1.492 3.563 0.674 53.406 66.812 0.424 0.069 16.847 25.119 0.826 0.143 51.160 88.094 19.009 5.480 0.717 0.179 0.507 2.959 4.863 5.403 6.130 1.102 1.093 1.753 3.722 1.087 7.004 29.404 0.370 0.094 174.630 232.176 3.768 1.992 1.318 1.335 4.084 0.799 57.914 60.554 0.268 0.052 15.988 24.761 0.924 0.156 62.491 90.449 22.177 6.062 0.797 0.172 0.540 2.587 5.573 5.052 7.028 1.318 1.246 1.780 4.097 0.981 8.028 27.684 0.403 0.090 196.644 225.824 3.989 1.765 1.497 1.243 4.679 1.164 79.264 57.907 0.308 0.076 39.515 22.365 1.054 0.193 175.517 93.757 25.847 7.957 0.887 0.220 2.44 2.54 6.385 4.744 8.053 1.944 2.566 1.736 5.225 0.961 25.505 27.259 0.395 0.067 383.126 225.898 3.926 1.687 1.836 1.238 5.358 1.339 109.596 58.563 0.352 0.087 66.745 22.92 1.241 0.219 281.787 89.944 30.198 9.334 1.082 0.258 4.653 2.691 7.312 4.416 9.222 2.251 3.911 1.875 6.408 0.913 43.148 26.107 0.476 0.06 577.251 223.902 1.366 0.755 0.981 0.562 2.958 0.916 61.05 28.18 0.195 0.059 33.042 10.553 0.676 0.143 167.105 46.909 16.666 5.831 0.576 0.164 2.283 2.278 4.037 2.069 5.091 1.543 2.037 0.994 3.459 0.434 22.482 12.577 0.254 0.032 324.258 113.999 Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest 139.269 76.892 7.983 2.760 0.100 0.006 180.009 13.976 0.538 1.845 5.594 0.628 1.153 2.976 6.463 16.623 341.109 115.706 151.630 43.799 7.990 2.797 0.100 0.003 103.851 6.502 3.801 2.095 5.523 1.239 1.153 2.962 7.390 16.258 281.438 75.655 72.734 74.575 8.072 2.842 76.116 4.200 4.114 1.879 6.324 1.201 1.154 2.936 8.462 15.746 176.976 103.379 121.257 103.488 7.057 3.121 166.669 7.547 4.513 3.025 7.257 1.167 1.154 2.916 9.708 15.209 317.615 136.473 127.994 139.299 7.551 3.061 121.934 5.701 4.513 1.697 8.297 1.113 1.154 1.533 11.099 14.594 282.542 166.998 170.391 141.463 10.281 3.200 111.221 5.394 6.346 1.723 9.509 1.059 1.153 2.885 12.722 13.927 321.623 169.651 712.298 205.754 9.477 3.794 167.129 7.83 6.346 1.55 10.896 1.147 3.147 2.858 14.577 13.084 923.870 236.017 216.087 240.341 11.228 4.097 30.731 4.29 6.346 1.377 12.477 1.933 5.14 2.748 16.692 12.158 298.701 266.944 334.335 377.596 11.443 3.807 16.742 2.612 6.004 0.964 6.888 1.654 2.788 1.312 9.216 5.707 387.416 393.652 (Contd..) 117
433. TABLE 9 .4 DEBT SERVICE PAYMENTS OF FOREIGN LOANS (Paid in Foreign Exchange) Fiscal Year III. MULTILATERAL 1. ADB 2. IBRD 3. IDA 4. IFAD 5. IDB 6. IDB (ST) TOTAL (III) IV. DEVELOPMENT FUNDS 1. NORDIC 2. OPEC Fund 3. Turkey (EXIM Bank) 4. E.I.Bank 5. ANZ Bank / Standard Charted Bank TOTAL (IV) V. GLOBAL BONDS 1. Euro Bonds 2. Saindak Bonds 3. US Dollar Bonds (NHA) TOTAL (V) TOTAL (I+II+III+IV+V) VI. OTHERS 1. NBP 2. Bank of Indosuez 3. NBP Bahrain 4. ANZ Bank 5. US Dollar Bonds 6. Cash (ST) 7. OTF 8 Exchange Loss 9 Unspent Balance TOTAL (VI) TOTAL (I+II+III+IV+V+VI) Grand Total (P+I) Note: Exclusive of IMF Loans Kind 2010-11 2011-12 US$ Million 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2018-19 (Jul-Mar) 2017-18 Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest 626.773 104.161 172.956 15.464 168.576 82.377 7.775 1.721 9.488 5.599 325.127 28.614 1,310.695 237.936 714.870 103.125 156.078 13.925 192.606 92.352 11.532 1.798 7.025 4.197 23.028 1,082.111 238.425 737.087 101.564 177.063 13.877 222.629 92.770 8.112 1.698 17.440 4.832 390.290 11.185 1,552.621 225.926 728.130 82.581 165.637 8.111 236.291 96.215 4.803 1.618 23.604 10.203 412.952 15.737 1,571.417 214.465 721.223 80.625 156.074 5.921 253.490 113.079 5.277 1.649 31.612 13.649 409.093 18.368 1,576.769 233.291 755.354 84.764 147.323 8.033 256.755 125.357 5.454 1.670 44.580 16.382 734.531 47.592 1,943.997 283.798 778.363 107.428 128 13.409 278.964 151.118 6.601 1.701 50.782 18.11 877.887 51.46 2,120.597 343.226 757.571 138.847 136.753 17.081 344.821 173.966 7.942 1.808 58.515 20.74 836.261 61.249 2,141.863 413.691 577.303 134.912 117.242 31.683 309.462 139.653 5.498 1.184 61.923 20.941 921.499 38.418 1,992.927 366.791 Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest 2.447 0.203 3.298 0.526 5.277 1.223 2.486 0.171 2.666 0.580 0.212 7.816 1.170 1.869 0.137 3.016 0.833 0.215 8.083 0.853 1.586 0.117 3.016 1.239 0.667 0.190 8.365 0.633 0.836 0.060 4.453 1.613 31.336 0.877 8.167 0.400 0.569 0.074 6.354 2.043 1.334 0.696 6.959 0.330 0.565 0.066 6.076 2.371 1.334 1.472 5.461 0.356 0.611 0.071 6.118 3.094 1.333 1.644 5.000 0.337 0.393 0.043 5.636 1.417 40.667 1.749 2.5 0.233 Principal Interest Principal Interest 11.022 1.952 12.968 2.133 12.968 2.038 6.946 13.634 9.125 172.500 12.291 217.292 15.241 225.000 55.010 240.216 58.153 1003.793 65.884 1,017.229 70.149 1138.865 284.178 1,151.927 289.324 1199.999 296.665 1,249.195 300.107 Principal Interest Principal 110.904 - 110.872 - 110.852 - 110.816 - 301.426 - 500.000 354.328 - 750 366.946 - 422.829 - 284.22 - - - - Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Total (P+I) Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest Principal Interest - - 110.904 1,824.612 759.326 2,583.938 3.055 0.048 75.000 2.784 21.903 0.301 - 99.958 3.133 1,924.570 762.459 2,687.029 - 110.872 1,534.237 716.665 2,250.902 - 1,534.237 716.665 2,250.902 - - - - 500.000 110.852 1,903.024 709.268 2,612.292 110.816 2,073.797 735.994 2,809.791 301.426 2,251.233 949.132 3,200.365 354.328 3,202.480 1,091.754 4,294.234 0.192 - 0.160 - 10.686 - 0.000 - 0.192 1,903.024 709.460 2,612.484 116 0.160 2,073.797 736.154 2,809.951 10.686 2,261.919 949.132 3,211.051 3,202.480 1,091.754 4,294.234 - 750.000 366.946 5,194.822 1,242.236 6,437.058 - 5,194.822 1,242.236 - - 422.829 4,169.742 1,616.690 5,786.432 19.354 5.278 - 5.278 19.354 4,175.020 1,636.044 6,437.058 5,811.064 Source: Economic Affairs Division - 284.220 3,953.796 1,458.769 5,412.565 1.649 1.649 3,955.445 1,458.769 5,414.214
434. TABLE 9 .5 TERMS OF FOREIGN LOANS/CREDITS CONTRACTED BY PAKISTAN Lending Country/Agency A. Paris Club Countries 3. France 98.3 LIBOR EURO 6 Months + 200bps 20 Sub-Total (A): Non-Paris Club 236.6 800.0 0-5 10-15 3. Saudi Arabia 125.2 3.25 3 Sub-Total (B): Multilateral 1. IDB (ST) 2. IDB 3. IDA 596.5 287.8 1,759.7 5. OPEC 66.3 6. IBRD 173.4 7. IFAD Sub-Total (C): Total (A+B+C) Lending Country/Agency Paris Club Countries 1. Germany 2. Japan 1.50 30-40 1,130.4 1,528.7 4. ADB 8. EIB 205.2 237.4 Amortization 20.3 0.75 40 103.6 1.6 20 ($ Million) 249.4 Commission(%) 1.2 (years) 30 1,979.8 6 and LIBOR 3 Months + 1.1 19-25 380.0 2 and LIBOR 3 Months + 0.5 3-20 49.9 1 Fixed 25 1 LIBOR+2.5 572.3 LIBOR + 2.5 1 LIBOR + 0.55 and 1.5 18-26 362.2 5.1 US SWAP RATE 15 YRS +1.2 15-20 1.5 and LIBOR 6 Months + 0.6 20-30 711.8 1.5 and LIBOR 6 Months + 0.6 20-30 LIBOR 6 Months + 0.75 30 35 0.75 20 LIBOR + 1.85 508.4 31.1 18.8 149.5 2,354.1 5,779.4 ($ Million) 2009-10 Interest Rate/ 2,409.7 4,412.4 Amount Amount 373.3 1. China 5. UAE 0.75 Fixed 1.75 Fixed 0.75 Fixed LIBOR 6 Months + 0.15 35 20 26 35 5,137.1 2010-11 Interest Rate/ Commission(%) Amortization (years) .01 Fixed 30 2011-12 Interest Rate/ Amortization 62.8 0.01 Fixed 30 72.7 Free 40 ($ Million) Commission(%) (years) 103.9 Sub-Total (A) 394.8 1. China 213.7 2 Fixed 18-20 851.1 2 Fixed 12-14 3. Saudi Arabia 100.0 LIBOR 12 Months +0.85 1 100.0 LIBOR 12 months + 1.25 10 Sub-Total (B) 356.3 1.68 Fixed 25 Non-Paris Club 2. Kuwait 4. Korea Multilateral 1. IDB Short-term 53.5 42.6 2. IDB 220.0 4. ADB 3. IDA 5. OPEC 6.IBRD 7. IFAD 8. EIB 9. E.C.O. T / BANK Sub-Total (C) Total (A+B+C) 15-18 Amount 3.France 4. Italy C. (years) 40 4. Korea B. Commission(%) 0.75 2. Kuwait A. Amortization 138.3 4.Italy C. ($ Million) 2008-09 Interest Rate/ 1. Germany 2. Japan B. Amount LIBOR 6 Months + 0.25 19 - 1 Fixed 25 135.5 951.1 256.0 1 Fixed 15 892.6 1.5 and LIBOR 6 Months + 0.6 18-30 25 1,703.3 504.9 1.5 and LIBOR 6 months + 0.6 261.4 LIBOR 6 Months + 0.75 25 500.0 LIBOR 6 months + 1 10.0 LIBOR 6 Months + 1.5 7 603.0 1,987.0 3.95 and 0.75 Fixed 2,738.1 40.0 40 3,004.2 4,090.7 118 0.75 16 (Contd.)
435. TABLE 9 .5 TERMS OF FOREIGN LOANS/CREDITS CONTRACTED BY PAKISTAN Lending Country/Agency A. Paris Club Countries 2012-13 Amount Interest Rate/ $ Million Commission(%) Amortization years 2013-14 Amount $ Million 1. Germany Commission(%) 27.3 2. Japan 49.3 3.France 4. Italy Interest Rate/ 83.3 88.9 LIBOR 6 months + 0.93 15 1. China 448.0 LIBOR 6 months + 2.8 10 6,493.8 3. Saudi Arabia 100.0 LIBOR 12 months + 1.25 10 282.8 B. Non-Paris Club Sub-Total A 2. Kuwait 4. Korea C. Multilateral Sub-Total B 88.9 548.0 2. IDB 227.0 LIBOR 6 months + 1.35 4. ADB 170.8 1.5 & LIBOR 6 months + 0.6 5. OPEC 40 LIBOR Yen 6 Month + 0.34 40 1 , 2 and 6 Fixed 28 to 30 LIBOR 12 months + 1.25 and 2 Fixed For Fixed 6 and for LIBOR 25 5.25 Fixed, LIBOR 12 Months + 4.5, LIBOR 6 Months + 4.5, LIBOR Euro 12 Months+2.3 1 2 to 2.5 Fixed 25 2 Fixed & LIBOR 6 months + 0.6 30 EIBOR+0.93 20 159.9 1,006.5 242.9 years 6,776.6 1. IDB Short-term 3. IDA 0.75 Fixed Amortization 1.25 Fixed 24 25 20-28 264.4 1,554.1 2,148.8 50.0 6.IBRD 1.25 to 2 Fixed 1.75 Fixed 30 25 7. IFAD 8. EIB 9. E.C.O BANK D. Commercial Banks Sub-Total C 640.7 Sub-Total (D) 1,000.0 3. Sukuk 2019 Sub-Total (E) - - Total (A+B+C+D+E) Lending Country/Agency A. Paris Club Countries 1,277.6 Interest Rate/ $ Million Commission(%) Amortization years 3.France Interest Rate/ $ Million Commission(%) 4. Italy 37.7 2. Kuwait Sub-Total B 1. IDB Short-term 3. IDA 1,425.4 4. ADB 5. OPEC 6. IBRD 7. IFAD 8. EIB 20 Fixed 2 0.10 Fixed 40 2 and 5.2 Fixed 18 to 20 2 Fixed 20 9,422.7 5.0126 Fixed, LIBOR 6 Months 4.5, LIBOR EURO 12 Months 1 1,237.0 1.25 to 2 Fixed 30 1,598.6 31.6 Fixed 0.75 30 100.0 1,713.1 100.0 67.9 9. E.C.O BANK 35.0 Sub-Total C 1. SCB (London) 2. SUISSE AG, UBL, ABL 2,707.9 100.1 LIBOR 3 Months + 4.25 4 4. NOOR BANK PJSC Sub-Total (D) E. Commercial Banks 4.9 Fixed, LIBOR 12 months + 4.5 to 5.5 20 1 2 Fixed, LIBOR 6 months +1.35 16 2 Fixed & LIBOR 6 months + 0.6 6 to 24 LIBOR 6 months + 0.75 18 1.83 to 2 Fixed LIBOR 6 months + 2.5 24 8 1 LIBOR 6 months + 0.75 20 983.0 LIBOR 3 months +2.66 & 3.25 1 340.0 LIBOR 3 months + 3.75 & 4.1 1 500.0 8.25 Fixed 125.0 100.1 EIBOR + 0.25 100.0 4,951.6 3. DUBAI BANK 40 139.8 9,477.7 2 Fixed & LIBOR 6 Months + 0.6 years 30 to 40 55.0 762.1 0.75 Fixed Amortization LIBOR Yen 6 Months + 0.1 340.4 37.7 488.8 2. IDB 5 10 109.8 46.3 1. China 8.25 Fixed 2015-16 Amount 44.6 2. Japan Sub-Total A 7.25 Fixed 1 1 14,499.2 2014-15 Amount LIBOR 3 Months + 4 LIBOR 3 Months + 4 2,000.0 1. Germany D. Commercial Banks 1 1,000.0 2. Bonds 2024 10. AIIB LIBOR 6 MONTHS + 2 372.5 1. Bonds 2019 C. Multilateral 30.0 200.0 - E. Commercial Banks 3. Saudi Arabia 30 172.5 2. SUISSE AG, UBL, ABL 5. Korea LIBOR + spread, Euribor + spread and Fixed (multiple rates for multiple tranches) 5,190.3 1. SCB (London) B. Non-Paris Club 136.5 1,448.0 LIBOR 6 months + 2.5 1 1. Bonds 2019 2. Bonds 2024 3. Sukuk 2019 1,000.0 Sub-Total (E) 1,000.0 4. Bonds 2025 Total (A+B+C+D+E) Source: Economic Affairs Division 6.75 Fixed 5 500.0 3,845.7 16,717.7 119 10
436. TABLE 9 .5 TERMS OF FOREIGN LOANS/CREDITS CONTRACTED BY PAKISTAN Lending Country/Agency A. Paris Club Countries 1. Germany 2. Japan Amount $ Million 23.8 2016-17 Interest Rate/ Commission(%) Amortization years 30 Fixed 0.1 & LIBOR Yen 06 Months + 0.1 $ Million 114.0 5. Korea 76.3 Fixed 0.1 40 729.4 Fixed 2 & LIBOR 06 Months + 2.8 20 LIBOR 12 Months + 2.22 1 694.4 1.88 to 3.2 Fixed 25 1,386.3 LIBOR 6 Months + 0.5 & 0.75 21 855.0 B. Non-Paris Club Sub-Total A 1. China* 2. Kuwait 3. Saudi Arabia C. Multilateral Sub-Total B 1. IDB Short-term 3. IDA 761.2 4. ADB 2,001.0 5. OPEC 6. IBRD 690.0 7. IFAD 50.0 8. EIB 9. E.C.O BANK D. Commercial Banks 729.4 700.0 2. IDB 10.AIIB 214.1 40.0 Sub-Total C 1. SCB (London) 2. SUISSE AG, UBL, ABL 3. DUBAI BANK 4. NOOR BANK PJSC 5. BANK OF CHINA SR.BD. 6. CHINA DEV BANK 7. CITI BANK 8. ICBC-CHINA 300.0 4,542.2 700.0 1,000.0 445.0 300.0 1,700.0 275.0 300.0 Sub-Total (D) 4,720.0 1. Sukuk 2021 1,000.0 E. Bonds 2. Bonds 2027 3. Sukuk 2022 Sub-Total (E) Total (A+B+C+D+E) * China SAFE Deposit LIBOR EURO 06 Months + 0.52 Interest Rate/ Amortization LIBOR EURO 06 Months + 0.47 & 0.52 20 Commission(%) 3.France 4. Italy 20 2017-18 Amount 192.1 years 192.1 500.0 14.9 LIBOR 12 Months + 1 2 Fixed 2.5 21 Fixed 4 & LIBOR 12 Months + 2.22 1 Fixed 2 to 3.36 25 LIBOR 6 Months + 0.75 21 514.9 25 2 Fixed & LIBOR 6 Months + 0.6 20 Fixed 1.75 LIBOR 6 Months + 1.9 1,589.6 82.6 Fixed 2 & LIBOR 6 Months + 0.6 Fixed 0.75 24 40 2 LIBOR 6 Months + 0.75 20 Fixed 4.47 10 LIBOR 6 Months + 2 to 3 1&9 LIBOR 3 Months + 2.3 to 2.5 2 LIBOR 3 Months + 2.93 3 LIBOR 3 Months + 2.7 2 LIBOR 6 Months + 3.02 4,607.9 200.0 LIBOR 12 Months + 1.4 80.0 LIBOR 3 Months + 2.6 200.0 LIBOR CHF 3 MONTHS + 2 267.0 LIBOR 3 Months + 2.7 1,200.0 220.0 1 LIBOR 3 Months + 2 1 LIBOR 3 Months + 2 1 3 3 1,000.0 LIBOR 3 Months + 2.75 2 1,000.0 LIBOR 3 Months + 3.25 3 Fixed 5.5 5 1,500.0 Fixed 6.875 10 4,167.0 1,000.0 1,000.0 2,500.0 11,205.7 11,981.9 120 LIBOR 3 Months + 3 2 Fixed 5.625 3 2 5 Source: Economic Affairs Division
437. TABLE 9 .5 TERMS OF FOREIGN LOANS/CREDITS CONTRACTED BY PAKISTAN Lending Country/Agency A. Paris Club Countries 1.France B. Non-Paris Club 1. China * C. Multilateral Sub-Total A Sub-Total B Amount $ Million 146.0 146.0 2,000.0 2,000.0 2018-19 (Jul-Mar) Interest Rate/ Amortization LIBOR EURO 6 MONTH +0.25 20 LIBOR 12 Months +1 1 Commission(%) years 1. IDB Short-term 375.0 LIBOR 12 Months + 2.7 1 3. ADB 355.0 40.0 LIBOR 6 Months + 0.6 LIBOR 12 Months + 1.9 25 245.0 LIBOR 3 Months + 3.25 1 2,235.1 SHIBOR 6 Months + 2.5 3 77.0 LIBOR 6 Months + 2.20 1 2. IDA 4. E.C.O BANK D. Commercial Banks 1. SUISSE AG, UBL, ABL 2. DUBAI BANK 3. CHINA DEV BANK 4. ICBC-CHINA 5. AJMAN BANK PJSC Sub-Total (D) Total (A+B+C+D) * China SAFE Deposit 96.6 Sub-Total C 866.6 185.0 300.0 3,042.1 6,054.7 121 LIBOR 12 Months + 2 LIBOR 6 Months + 2.75 1 1 2 Source: Economic Affairs Division
438. TABLE 9 .6 GRANT ASSISTANCE AGREEMENTS SIGNED I. Paris Club Countries 1. Australia 2. Austria 3. Canada 4. France 5. Germany 6. Japan 7. The Netherlands 8. Norway 9. Korea 10. Switzerland 11. UK 12. USA 13. Italy 14. Denmark Sub-Total (I) II. Non Paris Club Countries 1. China 2. Iran 3. UAE 4. Oman 5. Saudi Arabia Sub-Total (II) III. Multilateral 1. ADB 2. EEC / EU 3. Islamic Development Bank 4. IDA 5. IBRD 6. IFAD 7. UN and Specialised Agencies 8. UNDP Special Grant 9. World Food Programme 10. UNFPA Sub-Total (III) IV. Relief Assistance for A. Afghan Refugees B. Earthquake 1. Afghanistan 2. Algeria 3. Austria 4. Azerbaijan 5. Bhutan 6. Brunei 7. China 8. Cyprus 9. Indonesia 10. Jordan 11. Malaysia 12. Morocco 13. Oman 14. Pak-Turk foundation 15. Saudi Arabia 16. South Korea 17. Thailand 18. Turkey for FATA TDPs 19. UK 20. ADB 21. WB (IDA) 22. Germany 23. IDB 24. Mauritius Sub-Total (IV) Grand Total (I+II+III+IV) 2008-09 5.5 41.6 142.5 377.4 567.0 2009-10 68.4 39.8 4.4 1.5 363.4 1,046.1 1,523.6 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 - - 11.3 67.8 5.0 5.0 1.3 89.0 1,215.3 24.8 1,419.5 28.8 13.6 408.9 451.4 0.5 13.1 28.4 12.4 1,173.3 70.0 1,297.6 3.4 18.4 19.2 150.0 191.0 9.0 79.7 534.4 623.0 6.5 56.8 38.1 43.0 144.5 - - 249.5 249.5 20.7 20.7 11.4 11.4 26.7 26.7 123.9 123.9 4.5 53.5 58.0 25.2 5.5 30.7 80.2 80.2 3.0 144.6 0.3 18.5 166.4 3.0 37.7 8.0 61.0 109.7 19.6 39.4 59.0 200.7 9.0 18.1 2.4 230.2 127.2 0.5 127.8 247.6 230.2 0.6 478.3 2.2 2.7 6.1 6.4 4.2 - 10.0 12.2 609.9 2.7 1,606.5 6.1 1,841.6 6.4 588.3 10.0 14.2 1,382.3 122 447.9 1.0 2017-18 738.9 11.6 26.2 37.8 - 21.2 - - 21.2 3.5 19.2 1.1 10.7 49.8 677.3 - 0.3 111.2 114.9 1.3 1.1 10.0 1.0 1.3 11.1 875.6 682.1 864.9 Source : Economic Affairs Division 15.6 34.8 1.9 1.9 95.7 ($ Million) 2018-19 (JulMar) - 5.6 3.0 8.6 16.10 16.10 4.0 129.2 2.00 135.2 0.37 0.37 160.2
439. TABLE 9 .7 TOTAL LOANS AND CREDITS CONTRACTED Lending Country/Agency A. B. C. D. E. Paris Club Countries 1. Austria 2. Australia 3. Belgium 4. Canada 5. France 6. Germany 7. Japan 8. Korea 9. Netherlands 10. Norway 11. Spain 12. UK 13. USA 14. Italy 15. Sweden Sub-Total (A) Non-Paris Club Countries 1. China 2. Kuwait 3. Saudi Arabia 4. Turkey (EXIM Bank) 5. Abu Dhabi Fund Sub-Total (B) Multilateral 1. IBRD 2. IDA 3. ADB 4. IFAD 5. European Investment Bank 6. ECOTDB 7. OPEC Fund 8. IDB 9. SCB (Singapore) 10.IDB (ST) 11.AIIB 12.ADB Sub-Total (C) Bonds 1. Bonds Sub-Total (D) Commercial Banks 1. SCB London 2. Dubai Bank 3. Noor Bank 4. SUISSE AG, UBL, ABL 5. BANK OF CHINA SR.BD 6. CHINA DEV BANK 7. ICBC-CHINA 8. CITI BANK 9. AJMAN BANK PJSC Sub-Total (E) Grand-Total (A+B+C+D+E) * China SAFE Deposit Note: Total may differ due to rounding off 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 103.6 20.3 249.4 373.3 103.9 237.4 53.5 394.8 62.8 72.7 135.5 88.9 88.9 83.3 27.3 49.3 159.9 800.0 125.0 925.0 1,979.8 49.9 380.0 2,409.7 213.7 42.6 100.0 356.3 851.1 100.0 951.1 448.0 100.0 548.0 6,493.8 282.8 6,776.6 37.7 37.7 9,422.7 55.0 9,477.7 173.4 1,529.0 1,760.0 66.0 288.0 597.0 4,413.4 508.4 711.8 18.8 149.5 31.1 362.2 572.3 2,354.1 261.4 603.0 892.6 10.0 220.0 1,987.0 500.0 1,703.3 504.9 40.0 256.0 3,004.2 242.9 170.8 227.0 640.7 1,554.1 2,148.8 136.5 30.0 50.0 264.4 1,006.5 5,190.3 1,425.4 762.1 31.6 488.8 2,707.9 100.0 1,598.6 1,713.1 67.9 35.0 100.0 1,237.0 100.0 4,951.6 690.0 761.2 40.0 50.0 700.0 300.0 2,001.0 4,542.2 - 2,000.0 2,000.0 1,000.0 1,000.0 500.0 500.0 1,000.0 1,000.0 172.5 200.0 372.5 14,499.2 100.1 100.1 3,845.7 125.0 340.0 983.0 1,448.0 16,717.7 5,779.4 5,137.1 2,738.1 4,090.7 1,277.6 123 46.3 44.6 109.8 139.8 340.4 2016-17 98.0 138.0 205.0 441.0 - - 2015-16 114.0 2017-18 ($ Million) 2018-19 (Jul-Mar) 23.8 76.3 214.1 192.1 192.1 146.0 5.6 3.0 154.6 729.4 729.4 500.0 14.9 514.9 2,000.0 * 700.0 855.0 1,386.3 1,589.6 82.6 694.4 4,607.9 2500 2500 16.10 2,016.1 129.2 359.0 98.6 40.0 375.0 1,001.8 - 200.0 80.0 185.0 445.0 220.0 1000.0 1,200.0 245.0 300.0 200.0 1700.0 1,000.0 2,235.1 300.0 1,000.0 300.0 275.0 267.0 77.0 4,720.0 4,167.0 3,042.1 11,205.7 11,981.9 6,214.5 Source : Economic Affairs Division
440. BLANK PAGE
442. BLANK PAGE
443. TABLE 10 .1 NUMBER OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS BY KIND, LEVEL & SEX Year 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Primary* Schools (000) Total Female 147.7 54.3 150.8 149.1 155.0 157.2 157.5 158.4 157.4 156.7 157.5 155.5 154.7 159.7 157.9 165.9 164.6 168.9 2017-18 (P) 172.2 2018-19 (E) 174.9 Middle Schools (000) Total Female 25.5 12.0 56.1 28.0 58.7 30.4 55.3 57.6 59.8 60.9 64.9 63.4 60.6 58.2 57.0 26.8 28.7 39.4 40.1 40.8 40.9 41.3 41.6 41.9 60.1 42.2 66.0 44.8 60.3 65.3 59.1 66.6 67.7 42.9 45.7 49.1 46.8 47.8 High Schools (000) Total Female 14.8 4.6 13.5 15.6 4.8 14.8 16.6 12.8 13.9 19.3 17.5 20.6 20.4 19.5 20.4 21.0 15.1 16.1 22.9 23.6 24.0 24.3 4.6 5.1 5.3 630 236 585 230 607 624 747 1,642 1,202 700 9.2 9.5 3,159 3,192 3,224 3,257 13.1 3,579 31.2 111 331 3,213 12.6 15.6 14.7 14.1 14.2 3,323 3,746 3,798 3,740 3,842 1,491 1,523 2,182 2,206 2,229 2,253 2,276 1,819 1,514 1,536 1,123 1,154 3,095 3,242 3,329 3,435 4,515 5,030 5,179 5,393 5,470 5,130 5,231 5,273 1,420 1,707 1,763 1,690 2,184 2,410 2,462 2,567 1,437 2,689 2,490 2,510 1,166 1,336 1,439 1,558 1,384 1,534 1,086 1,410 1,418 1,431 1,657 1,684 96 106 1,507 31.3 27.7 677 74 206 3,125 3,090 22.4 31.0 186 426 9.0 9.0 3,290 27.1 684 386 59 177 664 11.6 31.6 1,604 822 171 376 1,135 28.7 31.7 768 1,989 366 1,484 12.3 27.9 1,855 731 2,996 29.9 27.0 328 691 1,784 1,475 10.6 30.6 228 1,710 Numbers Degree UniverColleges sities Total Female Total 3,059 21.4 21.1 239 Higher Sec/ Inter Colleges Total Female 8.1 24.8 25.2 Technical & Vocational Institutions Total Female 631 733 821 814 643 683 518 308 260 344 839 852 108 120 124 129 132 135 139 147 161 163 163 185 186 P : Provisional E: Estimated *: Including Pre-Primary, Mosque Schools and Non-Formal Education Notes: 1. All figures include Public and Private Sector data 2. Figures of 2018-19 are based on estimation 3. Female institution includes percentage of mixed institutions Sources: 1. Figures of Primary, Middle, High and Higher Sec. From 2000-01 to 2017-18 is based on Annual Pakistan Education Statistics Reports, NEMIS, AEPAM, Islamabad. 2. Figures of Inter Colleges and Degree Colleges from 2000-01 to 2003-04 is based on Pakistan Economic Survey. 3. Figures of Private School data from 2004-05 onward is based on Annual Pakistan Education, Statistics Reports NEMIS, AEPAM, Islamabad. 4. Figures of Private School data from 2000-01 to 2004-05 is based on 'Census of Private Education Institution 1999-2000', Federal Burea of Statistics, Islamabad. 5. Figures of Pravate Schools data from 2005-06 is based on 'National Education Census, 2005', NEMIS, AEPAM, Islamabad. 6. Figures of Technical and Vocational from 2000-01 to 2002-03 is based on Pakistan Economic Survey. 7. Figures and Technical and Vocational from 2003-04 onward is based on Pakistan Education Statistics Reports, NEMIS, AEPAM, Islamabad. 8. Figures of Universities is provided by Higher Education Commission (HEC), Islamabad. 127 -
444. TABLE 10 .2 ENROLMENT IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS BY KIND, LEVEL & SEX Year 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Primary Stage I-V in 000 Total Female 5,559 3,759 1,706 1,565 675 83 14 15,094 6,132 3,918 1,551 1,589 658 94 19 14,560 16,207 18,190 17,757 17,993 18,360 18,468 18,772 18,063 18,677 18,790 2014-15 19,847 2015-16 19,441 21,551 5,871 6,606 7,642 7,710 7,848 8,032 8,144 8,320 7,971 7,905 3,821 4,321 4,612 5,322 5,431 5,427 5,414 5,504 5,644 6,020 8,278 6,188 8,778 6,582 8,567 9,534 6,461 6,922 2016-17 21,686 9,660 6,996 2018-19 (E) 23,884 10,502 7,617 2017-18 (P) High Stage Technical & IX-X Vocational in 000 in 000 Total Female Total Female 14,105 2012-13 2013-14 Middle Stage VI-VIII in 000 Total Female 22,886 10,064 P : Provisional 7,343 1,506 1,737 1,885 2,191 2,264 2,279 2,298 2,337 2,421 2,573 2,653 2,798 2,843 3,026 3,088 3,263 3,385 E : Estimated 1,574 1,800 1,936 2,188 2,373 644 709 105 905 239 780 974 2,484 1,022 2,583 1,078 2,556 2,630 2,753 2,898 3,109 3,501 3,653 3,583 3,850 4,103 83 1,071 1,103 1,155 1,215 1,303 1,493 1,580 1,541 1,687 1,798 114 251 256 265 15 14 21 90 94 96 315 345 433 471 283 305,200 149,600 Total 124,944 Female 36,699 625 306 320,800 158,400 331,745 128,066 582 691 307 891 942 960 285 338 141 444 473 452 300,400 329,007 453,275 355,705 380,012 383,810 148,000 163,059 220,118 209,806 224,263 226,517 276,274 423,236 471,964 521,473 605,885 741,092 366,518 222,850 803,507 106 1,188 408 431,180 218,374 1,107,682 234,006 1,594,648 109 320 582 508 290 309 Universities Numbers 1,074 102 302 Degree Colleges Numbers Total Female 99 273 281 Higher Sec/ Inter Colleges in 000 Total Female 113 117 112 112 120 148 161 1,166 1,294 1,400 1,234 1,665 1,698 1,595 1,752 1,840 495 367 395 497 383,954 497,152 641,539 674,451 662 1,144,826 618 956,395 675 798 838 937,132 503,858 482,231 217,621 222,098 326,858 171,324 86,134 89,512 283,182 271,027 Notes: 1. All figures include Public and Private Sector data 2. Figures of 2018-19 is based on estimation 3. Enrolment of Deeni Madaris and Non-Formal Education are included. Sources: 1. Figures of Primary, Middle, High and Higher Sec. From 2000-01 to 2017-18 is based on Annual Pakistan Education Statistics Reports, NEMIS, AEPAM, Islamabad. 2. Figures of Inter Colleges and Degree Colleges from 2000-01 to 2003-04 is based on Pakistan Economic Survey. 3. Figures of Private School data from 2004-05 onward is based on Annual Pakistan Education, Statistics Reports NEMIS, AEPAM, Islamabad. 4. Figures of Private School data from 2000-01 to 2004-05 is based on 'Census of Private Education Institution 1999-2000', Federal Burea of Statistics, Islamabad. 5. Figures of Pravate Schools data from 2005-06 is based on 'National Education Census, 2005', NEMIS, AEPAM, Islamabad. 6. Figures of Technical and Vocational from 2000-01 to 2002-03 is based on Pakistan Economic Survey. 7. Figures and Technical and Vocational from 2003-04 onward is based on Pakistan Education Statistics Reports, NEMIS, AEPAM, Islamabad. 8. Figures of Universities is provided by Higher Education Commission (HEC), Islamabad. 128 101,770 178,723 195,555 212,997 255,695 342,125 356,233 935,599 426,323 1,319,799 642,198 1,594,648 1,299,160 1,355,649 1,463,279 1,575,793 1,572,067 521,284 805,062 805,062 602,550 602,509 667,912 695,028 693,384
445. TABLE 10 .3 NUMBER OF TEACHERS IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN PAKISTAN, BY KIND, LEVEL & SEX Year 2000-01 2001-02 Primary Schools* in 000 Female Total Female Total Female 413.9 183.5 230.1 139.3 270.2 126.1 408.9 433.5 2004-05 450.1 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 432.2 454.2 456.0 452.6 465.3 441.7 440.5 427.4 2012-13 428.8 2014-15 430.9 2013-14 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 (P) High Schools in 000 Total 2002-03 2003-04 Middle Schools in 000 420.1 444.6 475.2 519.0 2018-19 (E) 540.8 P : Provisional 183.6 191.7 195.3 206.5 210.6 212.6 216.0 216.2 208.9 210.1 198.6 209.1 209.5 218.9 226.3 258.9 271.3 282.7 209.7 236.3 239.4 246.7 310.8 313.5 320.6 320.5 331.5 335.0 351.4 362.6 364.8 380.8 394.2 455.4 438.6 127.8 145.8 146.6 151.5 201.6 203.3 208.2 209.0 216.6 220.3 233.9 241.5 243.6 256.1 270.3 325.7 314.0 457.0 327.2 E : Estimated 260.3 278.0 276.9 282.1 417.1 421.7 429.9 439.3 447.1 452.8 458.7 489.6 500.5 514.2 529.5 560.6 556.6 571.8 125.3 131.9 134.2 138.6 Technical & Vocational Institutions Numbers Total Female 9,441 1,959 7,273 1,623 7,192 7,042 7,356 209.9 14,565 219.7 14,914 213.0 225.5 230.4 235.3 271.3 287.2 296.3 306.2 318.0 342.6 339.0 14,622 15,264 15,338 15,591 15,847 16,109 16,377 19,393 18,157 18,207 18,207 1,863 1,325 1,450 4,658 4,676 4,770 5,061 4,905 4,993 5,079 Higher Sec/ Inter Colleges Numbers Total Female Degree Colleges Numbers Total Female 55,146 10,598 48,054 21,506 57,681 24,146 57,881 11,245 71,246 34,996 20,768 74,223 76,184 77,248 81,183 97,633 118,079 4,304 4,410 15,653 5,353 4,304 11,164 24,366 69,425 132,011 4,384 24,190 4,218 57,661 5,168 5,259 23,016 11,019 124,336 123,061 120,336 121,946 33,959 36,162 37,149 37,595 39,378 52,746 71,121 58,867 63,569 66,528 63,386 65,562 4,164 10,587 44,537 10,690 40,191 48,809 25,964 36,587 37,082 37,857 42,061 348.3 18,681 4,416 120,086 62,593 40,898 * : Including Pre-primary, Mosque Schools, BECS and NCHD 10,794 14,313 16,181 16,815 19,319 7,599 7,239 7,379 7,541 9,858 9,585 Notes: 1. All figures include Public and Private Sector data 2. Figures of 2018-19 is based on estimation Sources: 1. Figures of Primary, Middle, High and Higher Sec. From 2000-01 to 2017-18 is based on Annual Pakistan Education Statistics Reports, NEMIS, AEPAM, Islamabad. 2. Figures of Inter Colleges and Degree Colleges from 2000-01 to 2003-04 is based on Pakistan Economic Survey. 3. Figures of Private School data from 2004-05 onward is based on Annual Pakistan Education, Statistics Reports NEMIS, AEPAM, Islamabad. 4. Figures of Private School data from 2000-01 to 2004-05 is based on 'Census of Private Education Institution 1999-2000', Federal Burea of Statistics, Islamabad. 5. Figures of Pravate Schools data from 2005-06 is based on 'National Education Census, 2005', NEMIS, AEPAM, Islamabad. 6. Figures of Technical and Vocational from 2000-01 to 2002-03 is based on Pakistan Economic Survey. 7. Figures and Technical and Vocational from 2003-04 onward is based on Pakistan Education Statistics Reports, NEMIS, AEPAM, Islamabad. 8. Figures of Universities is provided by Higher Education Commission (HEC), Islamabad. 129 6,180 37,428 37,469 20,971 36,349 5,160 6,690 10,485 30,754 Total 5,988 4,505 20,568 21,176 Universities Numbers 37,509 46,893 52,833 57,780 63,557 70,053 77,557 77,557 88,288 83,375 58,733 56,885 53,853
446. BLANK PAGE
448. BLANK PAGE
449. TABLE 11 .1 NATIONAL MEDICAL AND HEALTH ESTABLISHMENTS, Progressive (Calendar Year Basis) Year Hospitals Dispensaries 2000 876 4,635 2002 906 4,590 2001 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 907 906 916 919 924 945 948 968 972 980 2012 1,092 2014 1,143 2013 2015 2016 2017 1,113 1,172 1,243 1,264 4,625 4,554 4,582 4,632 4,712 4,755 4,794 4,813 4,842 5,039 5,176 5,413 5,548 5,695 5,971 5,654 BHUs Sub Health Centres Maternity & Child Health Centres 5,230 879 * 5,171 5,308 5,290 5,301 5,334 5,336 5,349 5,310 5,345 5,344 5,449 5,478 5,471 5,438 5,478 5,473 5,505 2018 1,279 5,671 5,527 P : Provisional data in respect of Punjab province * : The decrease in MCH since 1993 as against last year is due to exclusion/separation of family welfare centres from MCH structure in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa TB Centres 856 * 531 274 93,907 1,456 862 550 285 98,264 1,454 906 552 907 907 906 903 908 906 909 851 628 687 670 733 755 727 541 552 556 560 562 561 572 577 579 640 667 669 684 668 688 272 289 289 Total Beds Number Population per Bed Rural Health Centres 97,945 98,684 99,908 1,427 1,479 1,492 289 101,490 1,483 290 103,285 1,544 288 293 293 304 345 326 329 334 339 345 431 102,073 103,037 103,708 104,137 107,537 111,802 118,378 118,170 119,548 124,821 131,049 1,508 1,575 1,592 1,701 1,647 1,616 1,557 1,591 1,604 15,65 15,85 747 686 441 132,227 1,608 Source: Ministry of Health, Planning Commission of Pakistan Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 133
450. TABLE 11 .2 REGISTERED MEDICAL AND PARAMEDICAL PERSONNEL (Progressive) AND EXPENDITURE ON HEALTH, (Calendar Year Basis) Year 2000 2001 Registered Doctors * 92,838 97,260 2002 102,644 2004 113,309 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018*** 108,164 118,113 123,146 128,042 133,925 139,488 Registered Dentists * Registered Nurses * Registered Midwives 4,612 40,019 22,711 4,165 5,058 5,531 6,128 6,734 7,438 8,215 9,012 9,822 144,901 10,508 160,880 12,692 152,368 167,759 175,223 184,711 195,896 208,007 220,829 11,649 13,716 15,106 16,652 18,333 20,463 22,595 37,528 22,525 44,520 23,084 46,331 48,446 51,270 57,646 62,651 65,387 69,313 73,244 77,683 82,119 86,183 90,276 94,766 99,228 103,777 108,474 23,318 23,559 23,897 24,692 25,261 Registered Lady Health Visitors 5,443 5,669 6,397 6,599 6,741 7,073 8,405 9,302 25,534 10,002 27,153 11,510 26,225 30,722 31,503 32,677 33,687 34,668 36,326 38,060 40,272 10,731 12,621 13,678 14,388 15,325 16,448 17,384 18,400 Population per Doctor 1,529 1,516 1,466 1,404 1,359 1,310 1,254 1,245 1,212 1,184 1,222 1,162 1,123 1,099 1,073 1,038 997 957 Dentist 33,629 31,579 29,405 27,414 Number Expenditure (Mln. Rs)** DevelopNon-Devement lopment 5,944 18,337 6,609 22,205 6,688 8,500 18,717 24,305 25,107 11,000 27,000 20,839 20,000 30,000 25,297 19,417 18,010 16,814 16,854 15,203 14,238 13,441 12,447 11,513 10,658 9,730 16,000 27,228 32,700 37,860 18,706 26,250 33,471 24,000 32,670 41,100 41,000 23,382 28,870 92,486 58,736 114,680 78,071 147,260 69,134 101,726 88,270 130,188 190,170 248,020 19,910 963 9,413 24,025 179,717 Source : Ministry of Health, Planning Commission of Pakistan Pakistan Bureau of Statistics * : Registered with Pakistan Medical and Dental Council and Pakistan Nursing Council. ** : Expenditure figures are for respective financial years 2018 = 2018-19 *** : Expenditure figure for the year 2018 are for the period (Jul-Mar) 2018-19 Note: Data regarding registered number of Doctors/Dentists is vulnerable to few changes as it is affected by change of province or if there is any change in registration status from time to time Date for medical personal for the year 2011 is estimated by adding the output actually achieved during the year to the medical manpower in 2010. 134
451. TABLE 11 .3 DATA ON EXPANDED PROGRAMME OF IMMUNIZATION VACCINATION PERFORMANCE (0-4 YEARS), (Calendar Year Basis) Nos. in 1000 Vaccine/doze. 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 B.C.G. 6,133.4 5,924.9 5,813.3 6,062.0 6,186.4 6,150.8 5,848.5 6,233.7 6,356.5 6,608.4 3,650.0 5,884.9 5,402.7 5,277.4 3,773.1 5,852.6 5,526.7 5,422.4 3,844.4 5,698.5 5,356.0 5,218.1 4,200.3 5,822.8 5,445.9 5,330.5 4,464.2 5,905.2 5,538.9 5,398.0 4,746.2 5,838.7 5,494.8 5,369.4 4,796.7 5,743.6 5,387.8 5,257.4 5,120.1 5,990.7 5,537.9 5,378.7 5,420.8 6,001.4 5,618.4 5,455.2 5,818.8 6,138.1 6,138.1 5,672.4 POLIO COMBO D.P.T H.B.V 0 I II III IV BR - 81.3 - 86.1 - - - - - - - - I II III - - - - - - - - - - I II III BR - - - - - - - - - - I II III - - - - - - - - - - Pentavalent T.T 35.8 2018 I II III 5,925.0 5,461.3 5,338.5 5,862.9 5,555.1 5,407.3 5,606.3 5,266.8 5,129.2 5,773.2 5,400.2 5,275.6 5,921.6 5,552.8 5,411.6 5,843.5 5,491.0 5,370.8 5,713.7 5,353.2 5,225.9 5,933.6 5,532.2 5,371.7 6,009.0 5,625.0 5,472.0 5,526.7 6,139.5 5,676.0 I II III IV V 4,919.8 3,791.7 937.8 284.9 168.9 5,050.2 4,065.1 897.0 268.2 165.0 5,089.9 4,121.0 812.9 234.4 127.2 5,361.9 4,279.0 815.1 229.8 128.4 5,157.2 4,235.0 783.2 312.3 130.1 4,536.5 3,708.5 577.7 185.4 105.8 5,048.2 4,063.1 586.7 157.9 86.6 4,569.7 3,934.9 398.5 97.8 56.8 4,690.3 3,993.8 191.4 51.9 27.5 4,874.9 4,103.6 192.5 57.9 30.7 5,297.4 1,806.3 5,299.6 2,799.7 8,211.3 2,799.7 9,085.8 - 4,490.3 5,622.7 5,370.8 4,536.5 5,192.1 4,193.5 5,516.8 4,684.7 5,606.5 4,710.9 5,455.4 4,734.0 - 3,588.7 3,195.3 3,008.4 5,526.3 5,197.4 5,072.4 5,641.8 5,884.3 5,994.4 5,528.7 5,388.6 5,505.8 5,605.1 6,135.8 5,175.9 5,374.9 5,470.6 5,673.4 Source: Ministry of Health Pakistan Bureau of Statistics MEASLES II Pneumococcal (PCV10) I II III - - - - : not available B.C.G. Bacilus+Calamus+Guerin D.P.T Diphteira+Perussia+Tetanus T.T Tetanus Toxoid Note: The DPT from the year 2007 onward has discontinued and is replaced by Combo - a combination of DPT and HBV 135
452. TABLE 11 .4 DOCTOR CONSULTING FEE IN VARIOUS CITIES Period* Faisalabad Gujranwala 2000 40.00 40.00 2002 40.00 50.00 2001 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 40.00 40.00 41.25 41.25 41.25 43.75 75.00 75.00 75.00 80.00 90.00 90.00 90.00 2015 125.00 2017** 135.42 2016 125.00 40.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 65.00 65.00 75.00 75.00 HyderIslam- Karachi Lahore PeshaQuetta abad abad war AVERAGE DOCTOR CALL FEE IN VARIOUS CITIES 32.40 38.93 30.00 107.50 32.92 30.00 41.86 30.00 33.13 35.00 41.25 43.33 95.00 33.96 30.00 43.17 33.75 31.25 33.00 33.75 33.75 50.00 50.00 50.00 60.00 33.13 45.00 45.00 46.25 55.00 55.00 75.00 75.00 90.00 75.00 100.00 146.25 75.00 100.00 175.00 75.00 77.08 In rupees Average 33.13 100.00 75.00 Sukkur 33.75 68.75 75.00 Rawalpindi 80.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 33.00 36.35 41.96 38.08 44.29 41.73 52.68 55.00 52.68 80.00 93.85 93.85 175.00 100.00 43.33 107.50 50.00 100.00 50.00 100.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 100.00 100.00 120.00 33.75 38.75 38.75 42.08 43.75 43.75 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 50.00 75.00 63.21 100.00 130.00 61.67 75.00 68.93 125.00 130.00 71.67 100.00 68.93 93.85 100.00 220.83 41.96 36.25 200.00 175.00 41.96 70.00 70.36 100.00 166.67 191.61 120.00 180.00 200.00 61.67 85.00 110.00 75.00 100.00 100.00 43.64 46.33 46.62 47.57 51.81 59.52 77.49 78.45 88.95 101.93 121.70 100.00 100.00 225.00 200.00 135.00 100.00 127.13 100.00 100.00 266.67 200.00 166.67 100.00 140.83 100.00 141.28 100.00 100.00 100.00 2018** 250.00 100.00 100.00 225.00 173.39 118.75 * : These estimates are of the month of November of the respective year 136 220.83 266.67 266.67 266.67 200.00 200.00 200.00 166.67 166.67 212.50 100.00 100.00 100.00 132.75 140.83 155.38 200.00 216.67 135.42 178.59 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
454. BLANK PAGE
455. TABLE 12 .1 POPULATION Year Population (mln) 2000 139.55 2002 146.02 2001 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 142.76 149.32 152.66 156.04 159.46 162.91 166.41 169.94 173.51 177.10 180.71 184.35 188.02 191.71 195.40 207.77 212.82 * Labour Force Participation Rate(%) 28.97 28.48 29.61 29.61 30.41 30.41 32.22 31.82 32.17 32.81 32.98 32.98 32.83 32.88 32.28 32.30 - 31.70 ** Civilian Labour Force (mln) 40.38 Employed Total (mln) 37.22 - 43.01 39.45 42.42 41.23 43.88 45.95 46.82 50.50 50.78 52.23 55.76 57.22 58.41 59.33 60.35 60.09 61.04 - 65.50 ** 38.00 40.25 43.22 Crude Birth Rate Crude Infant Death Mortality Rate Rate (per 1000 persons) - - 27.03 8.20 85.00 27.80 8.70 79.90 - 27.30 - - 8.00 - - - 76.70 49.52 25.00 7.70 70.20 52.71 54.05 55.17 55.80 56.58 56.52 57.42 - 61.71 ** 28.40 28.00 27.50 27.20 26.80 26.40 26.10 25.60 25.40 25.20 * 7.60 7.40 7.30 7.20 7.00 6.90 6.80 6.70 6.40 6.30 * - 72.40 1.76 73.50 2.08 72.00 70.50 69.00 67.50 66.10 64.60 63.20 - 62.00 * - : Not available Sources : Pakistan Bureau of Statistics * : Projected Data (NIPS) Ministry of Planning, Development & Reforms ** : Data taken from Labour Force Survey 2017-18 ^ : 2.40 is average annual growth rate covering period of 1998-2017 Note: Labour Force Survey has not been conducted for the last two years (2015-16 and 2016-17) due to Population Census 139 - - 7.10 7.90 2.61 1.90 26.10 25.50 2.60 83.00 47.37 48.07 Growth Rate 1.73 2.05 2.03 2.00 1.97 1.95 1.92 1.89 2.40 ^ 2.40 *
456. TABLE 12 .2 POPULATION IN RURAL / URBAN AREAS Year All Areas 2001 142.86 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017* 2018 Male Female Rural areas 74.23 68.63 95.36 139.96 72.65 146.02 75.69 149.32 152.66 156.04 159.46 162.91 166.41 169.94 173.51 177.10 180.71 184.35 188.02 191.71 71.93 79.10 80.83 84.34 87.28 95.29 89.06 97.16 90.86 99.04 212.82 109.03 55.80 85.51 93.43 92.67 94.49 106.44 101.31 103.77 102.12 105.20 106.73 108.08 109.41 110.73 112.02 113.28 115.52 116.52 117.48 132.18 135.39 Source: Ministry of Planning, Development & Reforms National Institute for Population Studies (NIPS) 140 49.57 103.66 83.75 91.59 48.26 76.88 82.01 89.76 99.74 47.50 51.33 80.28 87.94 97.76 46.13 101.34 78.57 86.13 93.63 Urban areas 73.57 75.21 82.57 100.92 * : Provisional results of Census Year 2017 70.33 77.38 195.40 207.77 67.11 Population in Million 53.92 57.72 59.68 61.87 64.09 66.37 68.69 71.07 72.50 75.19 77.93 75.58 77.42
457. TABLE 12 .3 POPULATION IN URBAN, RURAL AREAS 1972, 1981, 1998 AND 2017 CENSUS Region/ Province Both Sexes Total Male Female Population* Urban Both Sexes Male Female Both Sexes Rural Male In Thousands Density (Per sq. Female km) 1972 CENSUS PAKISTAN 65,309 34,833 30,476 16,594 9,027 7,567 48,716 25,806 22,909 Punjab** 37,607 20,209 17,398 9,183 4,977 4,206 28,424 15,232 13,192 183 8,388 4,363 4,026 1,196 647 549 7,193 3,716 3,477 113 2,478 1,258 1,220 92 Islamabad** Sindh Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Balochistan FATA 238 14,156 2,429 2,491 131 7,574 1,290 1,266 106 6,582 1,139 1,225 77 5,726 399 13 46 31 3,131 2,595 218 8 161 8,430 181 2,029 5 86 4,443 1,071 75 3,987 958 82 259 100 7 1981 CENSUS PAKISTAN 84,253 44,232 40,021 23,841 12,767 11,074 60,412 31,465 28,947 106 Punjab 47,292 24,860 22,432 13,052 6,952 6,100 34,241 17,909 16,332 230 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 11,061 5,761 5,300 1,665 9,396 4,863 4,533 2,199 1,143 1,056 Islamabad Sindh Balochistan FATA 340 19,029 4,332 2,199 185 9,999 2,284 1,143 155 9,030 2,048 1,056 204 113 91 136 8,243 4,433 3,810 10,786 677 371 306 3,655 - 898 767 - - 72 5,566 1,913 64 376 5,220 135 1,742 13 148 81 1998 CENSUS PAKISTAN 132,352 68,874 63,478 43,036 22,752 20,284 89,316 46,122 43,194 166 Punjab 73,621 38,094 35,527 23,019 12,071 10,948 50,602 26,023 24,579 359 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 17,744 2,994 1,589 1,405 14,750 7,500 7,250 3,091 1,606 Islamabad Sindh Balochistan FATA 805 434 371 30,440 16,098 14,342 14,840 6,566 3,057 3,059 1,569 3,176 9,089 1,652 8,655 1,524 PAKISTAN 207,774 106,449 101,314 Punjab 110,012 Islamabad Sindh Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Balochistan FATA 529 2,006 1,055 55,958 951 54,046 85 40,387 20,760 24,910 12,344 6,483 5,860 3,401 5,001 2,556 2,445 46 39,149 1,014 22,956 15,054 849 75,584 24,927 15,467 7,904 2017 CENSUS^ 47,886 30,523 291 5,730 142 540 238 6,935 15,600 719 4,997 39 36,428 475 19,621 132,189 992 69,625 143 8,193 67,300 64,886 - 35,197 34,425 - 12,495 12,298 - 2,481 2,378 - 516 1,794 1,607 8,944 4,690 74 67 4,860 238 117 11,919 24,793 216 1,485 22,975 2,757 7,407 889 2,340 11,900 2,972 133 2,657 13,008 - : Not available * : This population does not include the population of AJK and Gilgit Baltistan ** : Adjusted due to transfer of some mouzas from Rawalpindi to Islamabad district ^ : Provisional results of Census Year 2017 Note : Total may differ due to rounding off figures 141 276 475 11,056 4,253 19 - Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
458. TABLE 12 .4 POPULATION BY AGE, IN URBAN, RURAL AREAS 1981 AND 1998 CENSUS Age (in years) Both Total Male All ages 82,055 43,090 38,965 58,214 5- 9 13,142 6,811 6,331 9,591 0- 4 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75 and above All ages 0- 4 5- 9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75 and above 12,574 10,803 7,763 6,228 5,479 4,617 4,197 3,865 3,076 2,966 1,611 6,200 5,857 4,193 3,270 2,891 2,388 2,121 1,937 1,610 1,638 859 2,216 1,299 1,161 678 987 1,369 555 782 Female 6,373 4,946 3,571 2,958 2,588 2,229 2,077 1,928 1,466 1,328 751 917 431 484 Both Rural Male Female 1981 Census 8,995 12,767 11,074 4,973 4,618 3,552 1,839 1,713 2,111 3,760 1,948 3,226 1,631 2,922 1,452 2,733 1,332 2,194 1,121 2,170 1,179 1,187 618 1,667 973 755 900 23,841 2,828 4,119 1,088 27,891 4,204 5,223 588 30,323 4,387 7,684 Both In Thousands Urban Male Female 420 526 622 1998 Census* 4,608 3,480 2,395 2,008 1,812 1,595 1,469 1,402 1,074 991 569 695 334 374 3,579 3,119 2,540 2,108 1,719 1,391 1,276 1,132 882 796 424 549 232 261 466 281 44,516 41,709 1,813 1,653 1,766 1,467 1,365 1,175 944 776 1,159 757 668 606 490 459 242 327 135 152 950 634 608 526 392 337 182 222 97 109 160 121 42,951 22,705 20,245 129,176 67,222 61,954 86,225 20,215 10,571 9,644 14,211 7,466 6,745 6,004 3,105 2,899 13,400 6,909 6,490 8,553 4,396 4,158 4,846 2,514 2,333 6,092 3,024 3,067 3,429 1,854 1,575 1,270 1,050 19,118 16,732 11,588 9,521 8,040 6,167 5,745 4,563 4,148 2,777 2,637 1,554 1,408 1,563 9,761 8,909 5,815 4,879 4,232 3,254 2,931 2,360 2,201 1,505 1,418 850 778 849 9,357 7,822 5,773 4,643 3,807 2,912 2,815 2,203 1,948 1,272 1,219 704 631 714 13,534 6,907 11,106 5,973 7,402 3,610 5,083 2,604 3,846 1,984 3,660 1,812 2,995 1,512 2,776 1,459 1,868 1,001 1,838 987 1,076 585 1,022 564 1,162 632 6,627 5,133 3,791 2,479 1,862 1,848 1,483 1,318 867 851 491 458 531 * : Figures regarding FATA is not included Note: Figures will be updated after the release of final result of Population Census 2017 142 5,584 5,625 4,186 2,956 2,320 2,086 1,569 1,372 909 799 478 386 400 2,854 2,935 2,205 1,628 1,119 849 742 504 431 265 214 217 2,730 2,690 1,981 1,328 967 720 630 405 368 214 172 183 Source: Pakitan Bureau of Statistics
459. TABLE 12 .5 POPULATION OF PAKISTAN BY PROVINCE, LAND AREA AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION 1951-2017 Population (In thousand) 1972 1981 Area Sq km 1951 1961 PAKISTAN 796,096 (100) 33,740 (100) 42,880 (100) 65,309 (100) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 74,521 (9.4) 4,557 (13.5) 5,731 (13.4) FATA 27,220 (3.4) 1,332 (3.9) Punjab 205,345 (25.8) Sindh Balochistan Islamabad 1998 2017 84,254 (100) 132,352 (100) 207,774 (100) 8,388 (12.8) 11,061 (13.1) 17,744 (13.4) 30,523 (15.0) 1,847 (4.3) 2,491 (3.8) 2,199 (2.6) 3,176 (2.4) 5,001 (2.0) 20,541 (60.9) 25,464 (59.4) 37,607 (57.6) 47,292 (56.1) 73,621 (55.6) 110,012 (53.0) 140,914 (17.7) 6,048 (17.9) 8,367 (19.5) 14,156 (21.7) 19,029 (22.6) 30,440 (23.0) 47,886 (23.0) 347,190 (43.6) 1,167 (3.5) 1,353 (3.2) 2,429 (3.7) 4,332 (5.1) 6,566 (5.0) 12,344 (6.0) 118 (0.3) 238 (0.4) 906 96 (0.1) (0.3) Note : Percentage distribution is given in parenthesis 143 340 805 2,006 (0.4) (0.6) (1.0) Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
460. TABLE 12 .6 LITERACY RATIOS OF POPULATION BY SEX, REGION AND URBAN/RURAL AREAS, 1998 AND 1981 CENSUS Sex 15 Years & Above 1998 Pakistan Both 41.0 Male 53.0 Female 28.0 Islamabad Both 69.7 Male 79.5 Female 57.7 Punjab Both 43.4 Male 55.2 Female 30.8 Sindh Both 43.9 Male 54.5 Female 32.0 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Both 31.5 Male 48.2 Female 14.6 Balochistan Both 22.4 Male 32.5 Female 11.0 FATA Both Male Female - Total 10 Years & Above 1981 10 Years & Above 15 Years & Above 43.9 54.8 32.0 26.2 35.1 16.0 72.4 80.6 62.4 1998 Urban 10 Years & Above 1981 10 Years & Above 15 Years & Above 60.5 68.7 51.0 63.1 70.0 55.2 47.1 55.3 37.3 47.8 59.1 33.5 75.2 82.2 65.9 77.3 83.2 69.7 46.6 57.2 35.1 27.4 36.8 16.8 61.9 69.8 53.0 45.3 54.5 34.8 31.4 39.7 21.6 35.4 51.4 18.8 1998 Rural 10 Years & Above 1981 10 Years & Above 30.4 44.0 16.2 33.6 46.4 20.1 17.3 26.2 7.3 57.6 65.8 46.8 58.4 73.2 42.1 62.5 75.1 48.8 32.5 48.1 14.7 64.5 70.9 57.2 46.7 55.2 36.7 34.5 47.9 20.5 38.0 50.4 24.8 20.0 29.6 9.4 62.6 70.0 54.9 63.7 69.8 56.7 50.8 57.8 42.2 23.9 37.2 9.8 25.7 37.9 12.2 15.6 24.5 5.2 16.7 25.9 6.5 51.0 65.5 33.9 54.3 67.5 39.1 35.8 47.0 21.9 27.2 44.1 10.6 31.3 47.7 14.7 13.2 21.7 3.8 24.8 34.0 14.1 10.3 15.2 4.3 43.4 55.9 28.0 46.9 58.1 33.1 32.2 42.4 18.5 15.2 24.0 5.6 17.5 25.8 7.9 6.2 9.8 1.7 17.4 29.5 3.0 6.4 10.9 0.8 16.8 28.6 2.8 6.4 10.9 0.8 - 39.3 59.7 12.0 - - FATA: Federally Administered Tribal Areas Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics - : Not available Note: Literacy Ratio will be updated after the release of final result of Population Census 2017 144
461. TABLE 12 .7 LAND AREA, POPULATION AND PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION Region / Years Pakistan Area Sq. Kms 1951 1981 1998 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Population in Thousand 2017 2018 (Census) 796,096 100 33,740 100 84,254 100 132,352 100 184,349 100 188,019 100 191,708 100 195,390 100 199,110 100 207,774 100 212,821 100 i. Punjab 205,345 25.79 20,541 60.88 47,292 56.13 73,621 55.63 100,174 54.34 102,005 54.25 103,837 54.16 105,670 54.08 107,490 53.98 110,012 53.0 112,380 52.8 ii. Sindh 140,914 17.70 6,048 17.93 19,029 22.59 30,440 23.00 44,080 23.91 45,032 23.95 45,988 23.98 46,960 24.03 47,910 24.06 47,886 23.0 49,054 23.0 iii. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 74,521 9.36 4,556 13.50 11,061 13.13 17,744 13.41 24,788 13.45 25,308 13.46 25,836 13.47 26,360 13.49 26,900 13.51 30,523 15.0 31,418 14.8 iv. Balochistan 347,190 43.61 1,167 3.46 4,332 5.14 6,566 4.96 9,495 5.15 9,717 5.17 9,942 5.18 10,160 5.19 10,410 5.22 12,344 6.0 17,291 8.1 v. FATA 27,220 3.42 1,332 3.95 2,199 2.61 3,176 2.40 4,410 2.39 4,516 2.40 4,623 2.41 1,510 0.77 4,840 2.43 5,001 2.0 5,123 2.4 vi. Islamabad 906 0.11 96 0.28 340 0.40 805 0.61 1,401 0.76 145 1,441 1,479 4,730 1,560 2,006 0.77 0.77 2.42 0.78 1.00 Sources : Ministry of Planning, Development & Reforms Pakistan Bureau of Statistics National Institute for Population Studies (NIPS) 2,107 1.00
462. TABLE 12 .8 PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION OF 10 YEARS AND ABOVE AND CIVILIAN LABOUR FORCE BY GENDER YEAR 2017-18 Population PAKISTAN Rural Urban Punjab Rural Urban Sindh Total 100 100 100 50.20 48.51 44.28 47.14 39.71 34.30 Female 9.98 34.29 12.85 34.33 5.38 Total 41.72 44.77 36.84 Male 32.56 32.67 32.40 47.89 34.44 13.45 45.03 32.58 100 50.38 49.62 41.10 34.37 6.73 38.15 32.43 48.55 100 53.51 100 53.51 100 Balochistan Urban 51.49 49.55 Male 50.75 Rural Rural 49.80 Total Employed 49.25 100 Urban 50.45 Female Total Civilian Labour Force 100 100 Rural Urban Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Male 100 53.50 48.43 51.45 46.49 46.50 46.49 51.57 52.12 42.27 36.64 38.85 35.23 46.06 35.42 48.13 51.87 35.53 100 55.60 44.40 100 53.94 100 100 49.75 56.24 50.25 43.76 46.06 34.48 17.64 38.20 40.19 3.62 36.03 7.86 29.57 5.85 6.27 38.98 35.48 34.96 31.91 40.54 30.95 32.88 9.16 12.10 4.44 2.56 2.37 2.87 2.95 1.94 2.75 2.82 7.48 5.33 37.39 34.48 2.91 3.05 32.91 28.81 35.50 30.85 1.93 5.73 2.08 27.55 1.62 1.86 4.99 33.28 1.74 2.86 35.20 37.33 Male 12.45 3.50 39.12 Total 16.64 5.80 32.07 Unemployed 32.68 27.28 3.68 146 44.81 Female 33.07 4.01 36.86 49.32 5.63 29.26 34.96 Percent Share Civilian Labour Force 3.26 3.63 2.80 1.25 2.54 1.80 0.75 0.94 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.64 1.95 0.87 0.87 2.02 1.98 1.59 1.00 1.42 0.82 1.44 2.46 2.89 Female 2.14 1.36 0.38 0.52 0.47 0.75 0.60 0.05 2.06 2.05 1.06 0.99 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics Labour Force Survey 2017-18
463. TABLE 12 .9 LABOUR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT Mid Year 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12* 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 Rural 103.08 104.38 105.70 107.00 120.10 121.66 121.56 123.36 Population Urban Working Age Population Rural Urban Labour Force Rural Urban Employed Labour Force 165.45 62.37 117.83 76.28 41.55 168.99 64.61 66.87 121.42 124.06 43.14 43.98 78.28 53.22 55.91 16.03 17.09 37.19 172.57 38.82 80.08 176.20 69.20 126.60 81.77 44.83 180.71 60.61 132.07 45.97 47.11 83.87 57.84 59.33 17.36 17.72 18.18 40.12 61.91 129.84 56.92 39.56 183.57 41.15 84.96 186.19 64.63 65.83 2017-18 206.62 131.19 75.43 132.24 134.99 147.91 48.62 49.39 56.89 83.62 59.74 60.10 18.15 18.96 41.23 189.19 In Million 85.60 61.04 41.14 41.95 19.09 91.02 65.50 42.91 22.59 50.45 52.86 53.76 54.40 55.80 56.01 56.52 57.42 61.71 Urban 15.01 15.87 16.10 16.16 16.58 16.87 17.45 17.57 20.96 Rural 1.75 1.83 1.90 1.93 2.09 2.10 2.15 5.20 5.46 5.55 5.95 5.95 6.24 6.00 6.34 7.11 8.84 8.83 8.02 Rural Unemployed Labour Force Urban Unemployment Rate (%) Rural Urban Labour Force Participation Rates (%) Rural Urban 35.44 2.77 1.02 4.71 36.99 3.05 1.22 37.66 3.16 38.24 3.44 1.88 1.26 1.56 3.53 1.60 4.73 4.82 7.21 8.84 32.17 32.81 32.98 32.83 32.83 28.87 29.87 29.99 29.99 29.99 33.84 34.29 34.50 4.68 39.22 34.26 4.68 34.26 39.14 3.73 1.64 5.08 39.07 3.58 2.06 1.52 39.85 3.62 40.75 3.79 1.52 1.64 5.90 5.80 5.01 5.00 8.00 7.20 32.88 32.28 32.30 31.70 30.21 29.35 29.00 30.00 34.23 33.84 34.00 5.00 32.70 Source : Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (Labour Force Survey) * : Data supplied by Ministry of Planning, Development & Reforms Ministry of Planning, Development & Reforms Note: Labour Force Survey has not been conducted for the last two years (2015-16 and 2016-17) due to Population Census 147
464. TABLE 12 .10 POPULATION AND LABOUR FORCE Years Population Crude Activity Rate(%) Labour Force 2000-01 142.86 28.97 41.38 2002-03 149.03 28.97 44.12 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12* 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2017-18 145.96 150.47 153.96 156.77 161.98 165.45 168.99 172.57 176.20 180.71 183.57 186.19 189.19 206.62 28.97 30.41 30.41 32.22 31.82 32.17 32.81 32.98 32.83 32.83 32.88 32.28 32.30 31.70 43.21 45.76 46.82 50.50 51.55 53.22 55.91 56.92 57.84 59.33 60.34 60.10 61.04 65.50 Unemp- Employed Agricul- Mining Const- Electricity Transport Wholeloyed Labour ture & Manu- ruction & Gas Storage Sale & Labour Force facturing Distri- & Commu- Retail Force bution cation Trade In Million Others 3.24 38.14 18.47 4.40 2.21 0.26 1.92 5.15 5.73 3.65 40.47 17.03 5.63 2.45 0.33 2.39 6.01 6.63 3.57 3.52 3.60 3.13 2.75 2.77 3.05 3.16 3.44 5.95 3.76 3.58 3.62 3.79 * : Data supplied by Ministry of Planning, Development & Reforms 39.64 42.24 43.22 47.37 48.80 50.45 52.86 53.76 54.40 55.80 56.58 56.52 57.42 61.71 16.68 18.18 18.60 20.54 21.29 22.52 23.63 24.18 24.51 25.14 24.73 24.57 24.27 23.76 Note: Labour Force Survey was not conducted in the years 2000-01, 200203, 2004-05, 2011-12, 2015-16 and 2016-17. 148 5.51 5.83 5.96 6.60 6.66 6.61 6.89 7.17 7.51 7.70 8.03 8.00 8.89 10.05 2.40 2.46 2.52 2.91 3.21 3.18 3.46 3.62 3.78 3.88 4.21 4.15 4.20 4.70 0.32 0.28 0.29 0.31 0.37 0.36 0.36 0.43 0.26 0.27 0.30 0.27 0.45 0.45 2.34 2.42 2.48 2.72 2.63 2.75 2.74 2.82 2.78 2.85 2.82 3.07 3.11 3.50 5.89 6.25 6.39 6.95 7.03 7.38 8.63 8.75 8.78 8.28 8.14 8.24 8.41 9.21 Source: Ministry of Planning, Development & Reforms Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (Labour Force Survey) 6.50 6.82 6.98 7.34 7.61 7.65 7.15 6.79 6.78 7.68 8.35 8.21 8.09 10.05
465. TABLE 12 .11 DISTRIBUTION OF EMPLOYED PERSONS OF 10 YEARS AGE AND ABOVE BY MAJOR INDUSTRIES Years Agriculture Mining & Manufacturing Construction 2000-01 48.42 11.55 2002-03 42.09 13.91 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 * 42.09 43.05 45.05 43.71 2014-15 42.27 2017-18 43.48 38.50 - 14.20 14.16 15.49 16.28 0.67 0.70 - 6.95 7.44 0.80 0.48 - 0.53 7.33 0.48 7.31 0.79 7.61 0.73 - 4.98 5.44 5.00 5.67 15.60 15.17 16.47 5.24 5.11 15.49 14.62 5.23 12.77 16.28 - 16.15 14.39 14.58 14.64 14.92 16.39 16.12 14.42 5.46 0.69 15.02 16.12 14.67 5.39 in Percentage Others 16.39 14.80 5.74 0.75 14.85 14.80 5.73 0.66 6.74 5.90 5.73 0.67 6.62 13.34 13.80 14.85 6.29 13.14 44.96 5.90 6.56 13.11 45.08 0.81 0.81 6.13 13.65 44.65 6.05 5.83 13.93 43.61 WholeSale & Retail Trade 13.50 5.83 13.80 43.37 Transport Storage & Commucation 5.03 6.05 13.80 43.05 2012-13 2013-14 13.91 5.78 Electricity & Gas Distribution 0.70 12.64 - 12.46 14.75 - 14.53 14.09 16.29 - : Not available Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics *: Labour Force Survey 2011-12 was not conducted Note: Labour Force Survey has not been conducted for the last two years (2015-16 and 2016-17) due to Population Census 149
466. TABLE 12 .12 PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF EMPLOYED PERSONS OF 10 YEARS AGE AND ABOVE BY MAJOR INDUSTRY 2017-18 Major Industry Division 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Total Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Total Pakistan Rural Urban 100.0 66.03 38.49 36.44 Total Punjab Rural Urban 33.97 2.06 100.0 40.01 67.48 38.17 In Percentage Urban Khyper Pakhtunkhwa Total Rural Urban Balochistan Total Rural Urban 52.84 34.47 47.16 2.74 100.0 32.62 81.80 31.32 18.20 1.30 100.0 40.03 75.39 36.43 24.61 3.60 Total Sindh Rural 32.52 1.84 100.0 37.21 Mining and Quarrying Manufacturing Electricity, Gas Steam and Air Conditioning Supply 0.23 16.05 0.41 0.21 7.37 0.15 0.03 8.68 0.26 0.04 17.74 0.32 0.02 8.82 0.12 0.01 8.91 0.19 0.23 15.48 0.62 0.20 3.56 0.09 0.03 11.92 0.52 0.30 12.03 0.34 0.27 8.96 0.23 0.03 3.07 0.11 2.95 5.55 0.79 2.76 2.93 0.59 0.19 2.62 0.20 0.32 0.14 0.17 0.23 0.07 0.16 0.42 0.20 0.22 0.47 0.34 0.13 0.62 0.38 0.24 Construction Wholesale and Retail Trade, Repair of Motor Vehicles, Motorcycles Transport, storage Accomodation and Food Services Activities 7.61 14.92 5.38 6.30 2.23 8.62 6.99 14.16 4.90 6.19 2.09 7.97 6.20 16.39 3.30 3.94 2.90 12.44 13.74 15.12 12.04 10.18 1.69 4.94 7.60 17.27 5.57 10.44 2.03 6.84 5.67 1.97 3.19 0.90 2.49 1.07 4.92 1.94 2.73 0.91 2.20 1.04 6.09 2.11 2.25 0.64 3.84 1.47 8.35 1.52 6.82 0.95 1.53 0.57 6.86 2.97 5.18 2.22 1.69 0.75 0.52 0.09 0.42 0.53 0.09 0.44 0.64 0.06 0.58 0.32 0.17 0.15 0.23 0.09 0.13 Water Supply, Sewerage, Waste, Management & Remediation Activity Information and Communication 0.46 0.53 0.12 0.21 0.34 0.32 0.39 0.51 0.16 0.35 0.34 0.38 0.51 0.35 0.05 0.07 0.47 0.28 0.66 0.37 0.21 0.15 0.16 0.06 0.10 Administrative and Support Service Activities 0.53 0.20 0.34 0.49 0.18 0.31 0.65 0.12 0.53 0.61 0.42 0.19 0.34 0.22 0.12 2.49 1.00 1.49 1.98 0.73 1.26 3.24 0.89 2.35 2.56 1.80 0.77 5.65 3.48 2.17 Education Human Health and Social Work Activities Arts, Entertainment & Recreation Other Services Activities 4.05 1.56 1.91 0.65 2.14 0.90 3.52 1.36 1.47 0.58 2.05 0.78 4.33 1.79 1.69 0.48 2.64 1.31 5.98 2.03 4.38 1.26 1.60 0.77 4.82 1.78 2.67 0.97 2.15 0.81 20. Activities of Households as Employer; Undifferentiated Goods & Services Producing Activities of Household for own use 2.10 1.34 1.09 1.01 2.24 1.24 1.00 1.87 0.52 1.35 2.07 1.52 0.55 1.44 0.90 0.54 21. Activities Extraterritorial Organizations and Bodies 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. Financial and Insurance Activities Real Estate Activities Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities 0.53 Public Administration and Defence Compulsory Scocial Security 0.18 0.03 0.14 0.08 0.10 0.47 0.88 - 0.03 0.48 0.63 0.24 1.64 0.04 0.14 0.25 0.11 0.13 0.59 1.06 - 0.03 - : Not available 0.73 0.07 1.08 0.02 0.07 0.03 0.04 0.21 0.87 - 0.02 0.30 0.50 0.14 0.61 0.03 0.15 0.32 0.04 0.42 0.01 0.15 0.19 0.10 0.19 0.02 0.34 0.16 0.18 0.07 0.03 0.16 0.09 0.01 0.39 0.02 0.24 - 0.14 - Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (Labour Force Survey 2017-18) 150 -
467. TABLE 12 .13 AGE SPECIFIC LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE Age Group 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 10 years & over Both Sexes 46.01 45.18 45.17 45.66 Male 71.97 70.14 69.54 69.31 Female 18.93 19.10 19.59 20.66 10-14 Male 20.68 16.92 17.09 16.20 Female 9.21 9.18 9.69 9.48 15-19 Male 60.87 56.29 53.94 52.74 Female 16.91 16.60 17.61 18.90 20-24 Male 87.63 86.76 85.12 85.39 Female 20.67 20.66 20.98 22.76 25-34 Male 97.03 97.16 96.90 97.19 Female 21.62 21.66 21.87 23.63 35-44 Male 97.57 98.01 97.87 98.37 Female 25.07 25.93 26.75 27.67 45-54 Male 96.37 96.62 96.65 96.69 Female 24.78 25.01 24.42 25.86 55-59 Male 90.62 92.20 92.54 93.71 Female 22.84 22.45 25.53 26.37 60+ Male 59.38 58.52 59.46 56.38 Female 14.69 15.70 15.50 15.22 Note: Labour Force Survey has not been conducted for the last two years (2015-16 and 2016-17) due to Population Census In Percentage 2009-10 2010-11 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2017-18 45.89 68.83 21.51 45.69 68.70 21.67 45.70 68.89 21.50 45.45 68.07 22.17 45.22 67.78 22.02 44.30 68.00 20.10 15.42 9.24 14.27 8.83 14.46 7.98 12.62 8.37 11.22 7.71 9.80 6.40 52.68 19.17 51.59 19.58 51.16 18.19 49.68 19.32 47.55 18.01 47.60 15.60 84.54 23.88 84.27 24.20 82.38 24.41 81.71 25.14 82.32 25.74 84.60 23.30 96.89 25.48 97.42 25.44 96.73 26.01 96.91 26.57 97.33 27.15 97.00 25.57 97.53 27.88 98.34 29.46 98.45 28.72 98.06 30.00 98.33 29.43 98.38 27.97 96.96 29.41 97.29 28.35 97.02 29.11 97.13 29.37 97.24 30.75 96.77 26.07 93.26 27.98 92.24 26.27 92.61 26.60 92.78 27.48 93.80 27.29 91.70 23.40 55.49 13.54 54.95 14.62 151 52.42 53.33 55.16 51.30 13.58 12.77 11.95 11.50 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (Labour Force Surveys)
468. TABLE 12 .14 DAILY WAGES OF CONSTRUCTION WORKERS IN DIFFERENT CITIES Category of workers and cities Carpenter Islamabad 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 625.00 650.00 687.50 775.00 900.00 1,000.00 1,200.00 1,200.00 1,250.00 1,300.00 527.00 582.00 611.17 682.14 682.14 600.00 650.00 691.67 750.00 Karachi 600.00 Peshawar 500.00 Lahore Quetta Mason (Raj) Islamabad 600.00 632.92 500.00 508.33 625.00 650.00 557.00 589.00 600.00 750.00 Karachi 650.00 Peshawar 508.00 Lahore Quetta Labour (Unskilled) Islamabad 741.67 685.42 775.00 900.00 1,000.00 1,200.00 1,200.00 1,250.00 1,300.00 618.17 689.29 689.29 816.67 900.00 1,100.00 1,100.00 1,100.00 1,100.00 1,100.00 1,200.00 325.00 350.00 300.00 375.00 300.00 350.00 275.00 Quetta 2018 666.67 579.17 Peshawar 2017 608.33 575.00 375.00 Lahore 2016 792.31 662.50 Karachi 2015 700.00 650.00 700.00 2014 In Pak Rupees 900.00 861.54 861.54 800.00 800.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 830.36 900.00 861.54 1,292.31 830.36 925.00 1,100.00 900.00 900.00 1,000.00 800.00 861.54 1,061.54 1,061.54 1,061.54 1,430.77 733.33 850.00 900.00 900.00 1,000.00 1,200.00 1,200.00 387.50 450.00 525.00 600.00 700.00 700.00 800.00 825.00 389.58 475.00 475.00 600.00 600.00 600.00 725.00 850.00 397.92 425.00 375.00 410.42 300.00 308.33 Data pertains to month of November each year 800.00 900.00 780.36 500.00 400.00 500.00 466.67 550.00 152 826.79 530.00 483.33 550.00 926.79 630.77 500.00 550.00 926.79 1,025.00 1,150.00 663.46 500.00 550.00 719.23 600.00 550.00 932.69 600.00 700.00 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
470. BLANK PAGE
471. TABLE 13 .1 A LENGTH OF ROADS Fiscal Year Total 2001-02 251,661 2000-01 High Type 249,972 2002-03 144,652 148,877 252,168 2003-04 153,225 256,070 2004-05 158,543 258,214 2005-06 162,841 259,021 2006-07 167,530 259,197 2007-08 172,827 259,038 2008-09 175,000 260,200 2009-10 177,060 260,040 2010-11 180,190 259,463 2011-12 180,866 261,595 2012-13 181,940 263,415 2013-14 182,900 263,755 184,120 In kilometers Low Type 105,320 102,784 98,943 97,527 95,373 91,491 86,370 84,038 83,140 79,850 78,597 79,655 80,515 79,635 2014-15 265,404 188,430 76,974 2016-17 267,002 193,871 73,131 2015-16 265,905 2017-18 2018-19 P E : Estimated 190,355 268,935 P: Provisional Data 197,452 270,971 201,100 75,550 71,483 69,872 Source: National Transport Research Centre 155
472. TABLE 13 .1 B RAILWAYS Fiscal Year Locomotives (Nos.) Freight Wagons (Nos.) 2000-01 610 23,893 2002-03 577 23,722 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 Jul-Feb (P) P : Provisional 577 592 557 544 544 555 551 528 528 522 493 421 458 460 23,460 21,812 21,556 20,809 19,638 18,638 17,259 16,499 18,468 17,611 16,635 16,179 15,452 15,164 455 16,085 470 16,142 472 16,159 Route (Kms.) 7,791 Number of Passengers carried (Million) 68.80 Freight carried (Million Tonnes) 5.89 Freight Tonne (Million Kms.) 4,520 7,791 72.40 6.18 4,830 7,791 69.00 7,791 75.70 7,791 78.18 7,791 81.43 7,791 83.89 7,791 79.99 7,791 82.54 7,791 74.93 7,791 64.90 7,791 41.90 7,791 42.00 7,791 48.00 7,791 52.90 7,791 52.19 7,791 52.39 7,791 54.91 7,791 39.87 156 5.90 6.14 6.41 6.03 6.42 7.23 6.94 5.83 2.61 1.30 1.00 4,573 5,336 5,532 5,916 5,453 6,178 5,896 4,847 1,757 403 419 Gross Earnings (Rs. Million) 11,938 13,346 14,810 14,635 18,027 18,184 19,195 19,973 23,160 21,886 18,740 15,444 18,071 1.00 1,090 22,800 5.00 4,774 36,582 3.60 5.63 8.35 5.33 3,301 5,031 8,080 5,270 31,924 40,065 49,570 34,066 Source: Ministry of Railways
473. TABLE 13 .1 C PAKISTAN NATIONAL SHIPPING CORPORATION (PNSC) Fiscal Year 2000-01 No. of Vessels 14 Dead Wt. Tonnes 243,802 2002-03 13 229,579 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 14 243,749 14 469,931 14 570,466 15 636,182 14 636,821 14 14 11 9 9 9 157 9,089.1 11,474.0 9,293.0 8,875.3 12,252.9 15,726.5 681,806 * 12,543.0 681,806 2018-19 11 Jul-Mar P: Provisional * : Highest carring capacity since 1979 inception of PNSC 7,924.6 642,207 681,806 9 7,860.0 8,738.8 642,207 9 6,881.9 633,273 610,167 9 5,405.0 10,753.5 646,666 9 4,555.5 636,821 477,238 10 Gross Earnings (Rs. Million) 5,458.7 681,806 831,711 15,536.3 12,477.0 10,070.2 7,478 Source: Pakistan National Shipping Corporation
474. TABLE 13 .1 D PORTS-Cargo Handled Fiscal Year 2000-01 Karachi Port (000 tonnes) Total Imports Exports 25,981 20,063 5,918 Port Qasim (000 tonnes) Total Imports Exports 13,588 11,841 1,747 2002-03 25,852 15,109 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 26,692 20,330 6,362 27,813 21,732 6,081 28,615 32,270 30,846 37,192 38,732 41,420 41,431 37,875 38,850 2013-14 41,350 2015-16 50,045 2014-15 2016-17 2017-18 43,422 52,493 54,685 2018-19 35,361 Jul-Mar (P) P : Provisional *: July-December 19,609 22,100 25,573 23,329 6,244 6,515 6,697 7,517 13,317 10,932 2,385 14,123 11,264 2,859 19,437 21,573 24,350 25,517 11,675 26,424 27,892 13,528 25,626 25,367 28,589 26,201 26,700 30,343 29,672 34,594 42,638 13,364 12,842 11,674 21,150 11,007 13,750 15,451 9,855 25,030 26,168 24,025 24,801 25,775 30,014 33,321 37,358 41,669 13,016 45,555 24,945 10,415 36,580 - : Not available 158 11,980 16,006 17,588 19,511 21,607 19,443 19,226 19,511 18,075 17,754 18,076 21,608 25,857 30,995 38,471 31,293 3,129 3,431 3,985 4,839 4,817 5,286 6,380 6,657 5,950 7,047 7,699 8,405 7,464 6,363 7,084 5,287 Gwadar Port (000 tonnes) Total Imports Exports - - - - - - - - 63.6 - - - 1,496.5 - - 476.0 - - 1,261.8 - - 1,426.0 - - 649.0 - 7.3 * 507.6 438.9 50.6 80.4 24.1 4.0 * Source: Karachi Port Trust Port Qasim Authority Gawardar Port Authority 3.3 *
475. TABLE 13 .2 PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES CORPORATION-Operational Year PIA Fleet No. of Planes Available Seat (Million Kms.) Route Kms. 2001 45 17,756 265,643 2003 43 17,259 290,129 2002 44 2004 42 2005 42 2006 42 2007 39 2008 44 2009 42 2010 40 2011 40 2012 38 2013 38 2014 34 2015 34 2016 37 2017 36 2018 32 15,776 20,354 20,816 22,092 20,313 18,528 19,859 21,219 21,726 19,850 17,412 16,537 16,666 19,201 19,108 18,081 Passenger Load Factor % 257,858 66.0 2,541 70.0 2,476 68.0 354,664 66.0 343,525 70.0 446,570 69.0 383,574 67.0 311,131 71.0 380,917 70.0 424,570 74.0 460,719 72.0 448,120 70.0 411,936 70.0 389,455 72.0 367,251 70.0 382,057 72.0 360,937 73.2 332,303 Available Tonne (Million Kms.) 77.3 2,242 2,973 3,103 3,369 3,126 2001 11,652 2003 12,009 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 10,780 13,520 14,506 15,124 13,681 13,925 13,891 15,657 15,664 13,874 12,237 11,903 11,711 13,751 13,988 Revenue Passengers Carried (000) 4,877 4,166 4,556 5,120 5,499 5,732 5,415 5,617 5,535 5,538 5,953 5,236 4,449 4,202 4,394 5,486 5,342 Revenue Load Factor (%) Revenue Kilometers Flown (000) 57.0 59.0 55.0 3,091 106,811 2,859 133,930 2,972 2,471 2,396 2,436 2,798 2,659 2,521 80,108 56.0 81,588 56.0 84,898 53.0 75,750 55.0 63,144 52.0 61,389 49.0 67,630 49.0 79,842 55.2 75,207 2018 13,975 5,203 58.4 *: PIA Financial Year has changed to Calendar Year Revenue Tonne (Million Kms.) 98,629 135,023 129,588 114,944 108,478 121,863 122,193 170,447 (Contd.) Revenue Hours Flown 115,017 79,580 52.0 76,415 1,448 80,759 54.0 79,164 68,851 88,302 51.0 67,075 121,860 82,550 54.0 55,872 1,438 80,087 56.0 42,574 70,958 61,921 59.0 38,097 120,499 2,933 PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES CORPORATION-Revenue Revenue Passengers (Million Kms.) 43,242 2,934 TABLE 13.2 Year Operating Expenses (Million Rs.) 1,331 1,635 1,729 1,801 1,593 1,581 1,525 1,746 1,678 1,513 1,351 1,242 1,191 1,375 1,469 105,553 130,977 134,039 141,479 132,416 132,378 132,155 Operating Revenue (Million Rs.) 43,608 43,674 47,951 57,786 64,074 70,587 70,481 88,863 94,564 142,940 107,532 127,268 112,130 141,727 106,476 101,556 111,455 131,838 122,081 116,551 95,771 99,519 91,269 88,998 90,288 70,089 1,472 110,050 100,051 Source: Pakistan International Airlines Corporation 159
476. TABLE 13 .3 NUMBER OF MOTOR VEHICLES REGISTERED Calendar Year 2006 Motor Cycle (2 Wheels) 2,757,842 Motor Cycle (3 Wheels) 136,394 2008 3,039,815 156,068 2007 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 (R) 2,895,734 3,215,583 4,305,121 5,781,953 7,500,182 266,390 323,189 1,657,860 1,726,347 1,881,560 2,094,289 Trucks Others 175,589 189,950 896,014 5,633,353 104,431 187,367 202,574 961,646 6,201,755 103,397 106,463 122,882 124,651 143,859 2,281,083 12,571,554 545,919 2,580,922 164,045 2,889,500 167,086 2016 (P) 14,501,024 2018 (P) 201,827 1,549,854 Buses 380,579 11,006,421 2017 (P) 167,910 1,440,801 15,664,098 17,465,880 P : Provisional 466,185 646,939 698,059 761,890 2,437,735 2,776,588 3,043,593 (Nos.) Total Motor Cabs/ Taxis 105,373 9,169,528 2014 (R) 2015 (P) 143,215 Motor Cars Jeeps & Station Wagons 1,372,191 145,234 145,424 167,067 167,209 160 184,368 195,163 198,790 202,476 215,374 220,347 224,403 228,959 232,181 233,884 236,461 199,447 940,851 210,944 1,005,441 225,075 1,178,890 216,119 240,888 1,081,916 1,270,788 5,907,813 6,559,364 7,853,002 9,660,995 11,788,569 247,197 1,340,963 262,288 1,472,361 17,826,048 1,581,080 21,506,641 253,574 266,763 272,934 277,416 1,406,819 1,536,388 1,635,819 13,784,931 15,940,561 20,126,950 23,588,268 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
477. TABLE 13 .4 MOTOR VEHICLES ON ROAD-LCV Year 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 Mcy/ Scooter 2,218.9 Motor Car 928.0 2,481.1 1,040.0 2,882.5 1,193.1 2,656.2 3,063.0 3,791.0 4,463.8 5,037.0 5,368.0 5,412.1 5,468.8 4,463.6 5,550.0 6,100.0 6,405.0 6,669.3 96.4 104.1 1,264.7 120.3 1,999.2 1,682.2 1,853.5 2,029.1 2,387.2 2,822.2 3,205.0 3,600.0 4,600.0 4,820.0 6,131.7 11,975.3 6,954.0 2018-19 P 14,623.3 7,470.8 14,060.9 79.8 1,110.0 2016-17 2017-18 R M. Cab/ Taxi 7,183.5 112.6 122.1 119.1 129.8 138.6 146.4 154.6 Motor Rickshaw 72.4 197.7 205.6 80.6 44.4 121.3 84.4 81.3 77.8 79.0 89.3 88.4 89.1 89.8 108.0 197.4 18.3 81.0 120.5 112.0 118.1 122.0 128.1 133.2 120.3 121.9 143.3 Jeep 68.4 78.3 168.8 186.5 72.4 116.9 80.9 102.4 178.0 Pickup 80.8 158.7 160.7 D.Van 87.6 93.5 122.7 47.8 132.4 51.8 65.7 104.5 85.4 167.2 125.5 79.0 170.4 173.6 176.6 180.0 181.0 190.0 191.4 204.2 210.1 218.5 115.3 130.3 135.3 141.3 150.2 150.0 158.0 166.3 176.4 187.2 194.7 82.9 78.3 78.5 78.6 78.7 60.0 64.0 54.2 69.6 80.0 83.2 TABLE 13.4 MOTOR VEHICLES ON ROAD-HCV Year 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 R 2018-19 P P: Provisional Ambulance 1.7 4.1 4.3 Buses 132.3 579.4 98.3 146.7 663.2 96.6 100.4 4.5 103.6 4.6 5.2 5.6 4.0 4.5 5.0 3.7 4.0 4.0 3.8 5.7 6.9 7.2 Tractor 86.6 4.4 4.5 Trucks 102.4 108.4 109.9 111.1 123.3 125.6 138.2 130.2 140.0 148.0 150.6 156.3 159.2 165.6 145.2 149.2 151.8 151.8 173.3 177.8 181.9 200.5 209.5 630.5 722.7 778.1 822.3 877.8 900.5 911.7 940.8 970.9 Tankers (Oil & Water) Others 89.0 4,471.0 8.4 71.4 5,315.0 8.6 8.5 8.6 8.8 9.8 10.8 11.1 11.4 71.5 71.3 69.4 60.2 38.6 40.7 41.3 21.8 240.0 1,228.0 12.6 65.0 263.8 276.2 280.0 291.2 1,283.0 1,351.6 1,430.1 1,460.2 1,518.6 161 12.6 14.0 14.8 15.2 15.8 7,084.5 8,063.6 8,878.4 9,413.7 9,886.4 11,576.1 26.4 252.0 6,048.3 60.5 12.5 12.3 5,711.9 10,443.8 1,068.0 1,128.7 5,016.0 24.0 230.5 220.5 (In 000 Nos.) Total 8.0 8.4 68.0 75.5 74.7 92.4 96.1 93.8 43.4 148.9 163.5 (In 000 Nos.) Station Wagon 11,488.2 13,242.4 13,885.6 15,568.8 21,858.6 24,389.5 25,238.7 Source: Ministry of Communication (NTRC) 126.4 140.5 140.8 169.1 163.2 155.6 171.4 175.2 178.3 180.1 185.0 191.0 192.0 201.9 206.6 214.9 (Contd.)
478. TABLE 13 .5 MOTOR VEHICLES-PRODUCTION Fiscal Year 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 Motor Cycle/Rickshaw 117,858 133,334 176,591 8,491 12,174 1,332 29,581 825 839,224 1,649,532 917,628 1,638,457 1,675,071 1,728,137 1,777,251 179,314 166,300 23,613 19,672 1,950 26,501 2,022 163,114 128,381 32,556 1,141 1,340 1,762 993 (In Nos.) Tractors 948 1,099 751,667 571,145 2011-12 2014-15 63,267 6,960 1,380 1,389,047 2013-14 41,171 Trucks 14,089 2009-10 2012-13 39,573 Buses 100,070 1,057,751 2010-11 L.C.Vs 327,446 2007-08 2008-09 Cars & Jeeps 3,204 4,518 4,410 36,103 43,746 49,439 54,610 21,354 1,146 122,819 15,568 628 3,425 71,730 154,706 20,929 568 2,597 48,152 85,240 134,855 121,807 117,498 153,633 16,158 19,142 14,517 17,477 28,189 657 490 522 559 575 4,993 24,331 3,135 2,810 1,923 2,674 4,039 53,607 60,107 70,855 50,871 34,524 48,883 2015-16 2,071,123 180,717 35,836 1,070 5,666 34,914 2017-18 2,825,071 231,138 29,055 784 9,187 71,894 2016-17 2018-19 Jul-Mar (P) 2,500,650 1,862,401 190,466 175,863 24,265 19,536 162 1,118 7,712 53,975 649 5,027 37,457 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
479. TABLE 13 .6 MOTOR VEHICLES-IMPORTS Fiscal Year Bicycle Motorised Cycles 2004-05 61,187 2005-06 52,022 2006-07 28,509 2007-08 38,249 2008-09 42,966 2009-10 99,349 2010-11 184,023 2011-12 199,876 2012-13 211,535 2013-14 260,532 2014-15 386,981 2015-16 541,381 2016-17 715,496 2017-18 1,351,813 2018-19 P 581,547 (Jul-Mar) Fiscal Year 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 P (Jul-Mar) Fiscal Year 4,143 9,472 12,467 18,512 20,726 33,596 103,694 29,645 36,839 42,840 58,270 102,593 106,048 140,778 93,433 Station Wagon Delivery Van 37 284 2,817 345 28 109 29 73 42 8 18 126 4 4 178 2,586 1,583 311 37 2 4 1 735 2,732 5,477 8,707 10,553 12,810 - Tractor Agricultural Motor Cycles 189,721 167,626 164,078 209,098 200,745 175,577 216,080 246,332 275,931 213,466 291,882 327,001 323,290 393,790 285,085 19,570 16,339 Tractor Heavy Duty for const. 2004-05 6,543 232 2005-06 20,769 12 2006-07 30,588 1 2007-08 8,914 1 2008-09 2,636 ‐ 2009-10 12,052 ‐ 2010-11 905 ‐ 2011-12 3,684 ‐ 2012-13 1,988 ‐ 2013-14 2,088 ‐ 2014-15 3,086 ‐ 2015-16 1,843 4 2016-17 318 ‐ 2017-18 261 44 2018-19 P 1,779 (Jul-Mar) P : Provisional - : Not Available 563 632 845 744 402 245 148 68 131 347 476 369 843 643 85 25,121 Tractor Roads 1,646 2,284 904 1,892 434 165 144 0 225 157 434 675 703 713 347 Cars Passengers M. Cars (NES) 66,338 36,563 202,785 540,025 425,721 750,888 675,810 874,386 671,531 778,073 1,854,622 1,384,775 1,588,723 1,855,488 244 1,587 1,174 690 557 176 344 137 923 54 10 5 - - 2,043,364 Lorries Passenger Special Trucks Vehicles Lorries Ambulance Public Trucks & Vans 2,616 1,519 1,544 13,463 5,228 551 16,610 2,123 573 4,331 836 875 2,405 363 1,203 12,819 364 5,325 24,728 225 3,371 11,942 441 563 31,027 16,947 2,832 23,946 1,282 1,406 33,489 2,810 927 47,645 3,036 1,398 50,380 2,649 1,929 38,095 3,316 1,098 8,492 Tractor Caterpillar Motor Rickshaw Rickshaw chassis with Engine 3 144 15 315 1,727 421 1,029 187 125 6 10,816 84 14,746 ‐ 51,142 ‐ 19,043 ‐ 32,745 ‐ 97,591 ‐ 44,911 1 30,811 192 33,489 161 - Bus etc. Chassis Buses, Trolly Buses 18 7 24 314 1,017 671 1,553 1,828 1,586 3,997 4,818 9,136 21,046 12,103 411 2,104 652 217 232 285 861 1,555 668 425 847 1,234 720 685 373 692 598 Tractor (NES) Electric Vehicles 2,167 3,378 7,213 19,623 14,205 6,189 12,208 12,930 18,773 16,796 28,743 30,464 66,946 63,638 26,557 163 - - 6 Pickup ‐ ‐ ‐ 20 1 163 2 ‐ ‐ 2 ‐ ‐ 2 21 5,394 23,303 21,898 8,169 1,871 21,096 35,462 63,786 35,101 29,459 65,751 69,146 110,247 200,900 90,474 in Nos. Jeeps 5,409 2,108 1,938 210 14 27 27 35 29 14 21 13 3 24 38 (Contd.) Motor Spl. Truck Road Vehicles etc. Tractors for Goods Chassis for Trailers 269 ‐ 117 3,844 38 498 297 48 997 22 335 2,409 2 9 2,149 ‐ 12 2,154 5 233 1,345 2 16 1,598 ‐ 9 1,252 7 17 1,309 ‐ 3,063 9,991 1 3,267 4,442 10 81 1,836 13 52 1,307 1 Electric Bikes 13 13 25 Car Chassis with Engine ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 15 104 64 - Sport Utility Vehicle ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 1 14 10 42 11 9 54 3-Wheel Loader ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 100 10,202 2,956 8,627 2,176 Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics 1,775 (Contd.)
480. TABLE 13 .7 POST AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS Fiscal Year 2000-01 Urban 2,302 No. of Post Offices Rural 9,932 2002-03 1,808 10,446 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 1,983 2,267 12,330 1,849 10,494 12,343 1,845 1,849 1,852 1,580 1,580 1,797 2,178 1,813 2017-18 2,046 2,046 2,046 10,494 10,493 10,514 10,455 10,455 10,238 10,650 10,264 Broad Band Subscribers (000 Nos.) 3656 4460 5191 12,339 12,366 - 168.0 88,019.8 3417 688.4 99,185.8 1,491.5 12,828 6,371 * 2,723.7 5,803 * 5,232 * 3,795.9 3,931 3,295 16,885.5 40,148.0 9,450 11,496 2,885 58,339.8 8,450 2,986 10,496 2,799 63,160.9 94,342.0 108,894.5 2,101.3 12,077 11,744 11,496 34,506.6 413.8 10,264 9,962 9,450 12,771.2 4546 5,720 * 12,077 5,022.9 - 45.2 12,035 12,035 2,404.4 1,698.5 26.6 3523 12,035 - 5128 4806 12,342 - Mobile Phones (000 Nos.) 742.6 - 4940 12,107 10,499 2015-16 2018-19 (July-Mar) 9,840 12,254 3340 12,267 1,831 1,813 1,782 2016-17 10,284 Total 12,233 Telephones (000 Nos.) 120,151.2 @ 128,933.6 139,974.8 114,658.4 133,241.5 44,586.7 139,758.1 68,244.4 159,024.3 150,238.7 Source: (i) : Pakistan Post Office - : Not Available (ii) : Pakistan Telecommunications Company Ltd @ : Includes dial-up and broadband connection * : Including Fixed Local Loop and Wireless Local Loop 164
482. BLANK PAGE
483. TABLE 14 .1 COMMERCIAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION Fiscal Year Households Industry Agriculture 1. Oil/Petroleum (tons) Transport Power Other Govt. Total 2000-01 450,960 1,924,048 254,833 8,157,893 6,487,988 372,176 17,647,898 2002-03 282,521 1,604,068 196,747 8,082,273 6,019,958 266,387 16,451,954 2004-05 192,750 2001-02 2003-04 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 334,501 231,459 128,651 106,148 120,961 97,332 90,312 81,896 97,232 9,024,783 8,156,831 7,981,893 3,452,581 4,218,982 6,740,559 1,071,191 109,351 9,384,482 7,083,933 984,690 58,072 8,860,880 8,814,274 969,193 69,793 8,837,197 7,570,418 309,263 316,686 358,807 325,318 310,501 367,266 323,472 16,960,088 13,421,113 14,671,260 14,626,684 16,847,131 18,080,419 17,911,199 19,131,700 8,138,956 373,794 18,886,507 97,847 1,379,096 31,828 9,817,546 7,749,007 317,805 19,393,129 2017-18 66,075 2018-19* 1,595,981 142,062 2,739,763 463,654 8,892,268 74,357 2017-18 1,681,517 8,464,042 6,305,419 40,597 2015-16 Jul-Mar 1,542,398 183,506 8,018,777 1,355,443 79,448 100,679 2016-17 1,493,080 225,742 85,449 2013-14 2014-15 1,611,995 89,017 77,169 53,719 39,950 1,419,125 1,297,035 23,297 9,265,883 7,594,663 10,299,718 2,023,377 14,512 13,022,573 7,765,629 386,232 23,286,680 1,784,781 14,527 16,047,392 6,377,388 387,801 24,677,964 1,990,398 1,406,315 852,618 37,235 12,671 10,895 10,059 11,372,924 14,582,925 11,916,067 9,739,626 8,995,231 8,531,825 4,638,980 1,817,837 P : Provisional (a): HSD consumption in agricultural sector is not available seprately and is included under transport sector. Agricultural sector represents LDO only. *Consumption of POL products available till February 2019. Source : Oil Companies Advisory Committee. 167 358,512 18,678,263 46,655 1,300,190 9,006,085 295,847 365,471 366,958 285,312 259,302 21,108,684 22,160,068 25,561,946 18,311,288 12,719,392 (Contd...)
484. TABLE 14 .1 COMMERCIAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION 2. Gas (mm cft)* Fiscal Year 2000-01 Households 140,899 2002-03 153,508 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Jul-Mar 2017-18* 2018-19** 144,186 155,174 172,103 171,109 185,533 204,035 214,113 219,382 232,244 261,915 291,917 269,135 278,069 271,302 290,868 284,428 158,240 163,576 Commercial 20,618 22,130 22,776 24,192 Fertilizer 175,393 Power 281,255 Industry 138,503 3,445 180,611 335,636 164,968 11,320 226,116 24,443 7,063 7,711 27,191 13,383 31,375 14,686 29,269 33,905 35,536 36,955 36,466 39,627 40,689 38,117 35,187 33,633 32,858 32,096 16,192 16,376 Transport CNG** 4,423 Cement 6,977 15,335 12,736 177,589 185,350 190,409 198,175 193,682 200,063 7,305 201,100 1,378 228,460 1,944 1,266 220,124 211,828 586 188,020 831 225,512 522 497 583 886 - 216,518 262,923 276,805 248,104 114,080 118,680 P : Provisional - : Not available * Sector wise natural gas consumption is available till February 2018. ** Sector wise natural gas consumptionis available till Feb-2019. 168 314,851 469,738 507,398 491,766 433,672 429,892 404,140 366,906 337,401 358,381 362,262 349,535 371,562 440,593 446,941 544,654 246,008 259,624 151,416 193,395 278,846 306,600 322,563 319,003 333,508 7,369 1,051,418 38,885 1,223,385 56,446 72,018 88,236 99,002 113,055 284,278 100,228 259,032 247,214 231,517 262,006 274,074 136,344 119,232 824,604 872,264 15,858 291,667 296,181 Total 768,068 119,000 87,634 66,517 64,455 67,245 70,455 35,144 33,672 1,161,043 1,221,994 1,275,212 1,269,433 1,277,821 1,240,671 1,288,198 1,267,980 1,220,493 1,224,892 1,304,920 1,377,307 1,454,697 706,008 711,160 (Contd…)
485. TABLE 14 .1 COMMERCIAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION Fiscal Year 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 Trac- House- Commtion hold ercial 13 22,765 2,774 10 23,624 3,218 11 23,210 9 12 2006-07 12 25,846 2004-05 2005-06 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Jul-Mar 27,601 13 30,720 33,335 8 33,704 5 32,282 2 34,272 1 35,885 1 35,589 - 36,116 - 39,549 - 41,450 - 44486 - 54028 - 48698 2,951 3,689 4,080 4,730 5,363 5,572 5,252 5,605 5,782 5,754 6,007 6,375 6,512 7181 7856 8606 3. Electricity (Gwh) Indus Agricul- Street Other trial tural Lights Govt. Total 14,349 4,924 213 3,547 48,585 16,181 6,016 244 3,363 52,656 15,141 17,366 18,591 19,803 21,066 20,729 19,330 19,823 21,207 21,801 22,313 24,356 24,979 25035 5,607 6,669 6,988 7,949 8,176 8,472 8,795 9,689 8,971 8,548 7,697 8,290 8,033 212 262 305 353 387 415 430 458 456 478 457 458 441 8526 459 27468 10128 475 24010 9221 484 3,490 3,650 3,750 4,035 4,373 4,500 4,277 4,499 4,797 4,590 4,199 4,381 4,403 4742 5260 6222 50,622 57,491 61,327 67,603 Household 1.0 205.8 1.1 203.6 1.1 1.0 - 72,712 1.0 70,371 0.8 73,400 74,348 Power 1.0 249.4 184.9 179.9 149.3 164.4 162.0 112.5 - 125.5 - 104.6 - 160.7 90431 - 204.4 106927 - 77,099 76,761 76,789 83,409 85,818 95530 2017-18* - - 96.5 63.0 151.2 859.6 4436.1 4. Coal (000 metric ton) Brick Cement Kilns 2,837.9 1,000.0 2,607.0 2,078.2 2,577.5 2,589.4 3,906.7 1,580.6 3,289.2 Other Govt. - 4044.7 - 4,889.9 - 6,064.5 - 7,714.0 - 3,277.5 4,451.2 - 3,274.8 5,001.8 3,760.7 3,005.2 3,003.6 3,108.2 2,696.0 2,727.6 3,010.4 3337.1 2855.3 3941.7 3,342.8 6,186.9 5,007.8 4,617.1 4,456.9 4,129.9 3,669.2 7,894.1 10,110.6 - 8,138.5 - - 7470.8 - 9603.3 7,893.8 - 5,553.8 5485.3 4408.6 - 3,807.2 4,221.8 Total - - 8,389.9 7,717.1 7,669.7 6,889.0 6,557.5 8,715.4 9,026.8 11,185.8 17,981.1 31,538 5019 15,311 5,935 271 3,411 61,485 3,000.0 - 11,583.4 3,753.0 4,830.4 2018-19** 34,718 5680 19,460 6,698 320 5,346 72,222 1,500.0 - 12,512.0 8,857.0 2,155.0 .. Not available Source: Ministry of Energy, * Consumption of coal for the period Jul-15 to Mar-16 is estimated. Hydrocarbon Development Institute of Pakistan (HDIP) ** Consumption of electricity from AJK Hydro Electric Board is not yet received while electricity consumption from WAPDA is uptill Feb-2019. Consumption of coal is estimated. 169
486. TABLE 14 .2 COMMERCIAL ENERGY SUPPLIES (ELECTRICITY) Fiscal Year Installed Capacity MW Generation GW/h (a) 2000-01 17,498 68,117 2002-03 17,798 75,682 2001-02 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 17,799 19,257 19,384 19,450 19,419 19,420 19,786 20,921 22,477 22,797 22,812 72,406 80,826 85,737 93,775 98,384 95,860 91,843 95,607 94,653 95,364 96,496 2013-14 23,530 104,089 2015-16 25,889 101,123 33,553 120,715 2014-15 2016-17 2017-18 Jul-Mar 2017-18* 2018-19** 23,759 29,944 33,433 34,282 P : Provisional (a) GWh: Giga Watt hour 96,997 107,059 85,552 87,324 Hydroelectric Installed Generation Capacity (GW/h) (MW) (b) 4,867 17,194 5,051 18,941 6,496 26,944 5,051 6,499 6,499 6,479 6,480 6,481 6,481 6,481 6,556 6,773 6,893 7,030 7,122 7,129 7,139 7,293 22,351 25,671 30,862 31,953 28,707 27,784 28,093 31,811 28,517 29,857 31,873 32,563 34,272 31,786 28,239 20,904 8,239 22,539 - : Not Available (b) MW: Mega Watt Thermal Installed Generation Capacity (GW/h) (MW) 12,169 48,926 12,286 51,174 12,299 52,122 12,285 51,591 12,423 57,162 12,489 60,283 12,478 63,972 12,478 63,877 12,843 62,214 13,978 64,371 15,209 59,153 15,454 61,308 15,289 61,711 15,887 66,707 15,541 58,635 17,115 61,448 20,488 66,468 23,347 79,849 23,289 55,593 22,740 54,195 170 Nuclear Installed Generation Capacity (GW/h) (MW) 462 1,997 462 2,291 462 1,760 462 462 462 462 462 462 462 787 787 750 750 750 750 1,090 1,430 1,430 1,295 1,740 2,795 2,484 2,288 3,077 1,618 2,894 3,420 5,265 4,553 Renewable Installed Generation Capacity (GW/h) (MW) - - - - - - 109 - 171 - - - - - - - - - 4,996 438 803 5,868 1,237 6,572 1,421 5,090 3,854 8,720 7,178 - - 0.36 - - - - - - Imported (GW/h) - 73 146 199 227 249 269 274 375 419 443 902 1,549 463 1,637 3,907 556 1,760 2,937 2,483 3,412 496 322 343 Source: Ministry of Energy
487. TABLE 14 .3 COMMERCIAL ENERGY SUPPLIES (OIL, GAS, PETROLEUM, COAL) Fiscal Year 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 Jul-Mar 2017-18* 2018-19** Crude Oil Imports 000 barrels 52,505 51,982 52,512 57,699 61,161 63,546 60,694 64,912 62,115 53,081 51,306 47,104 57,037 Oil Local Crude Extraction 000 barrels 21,084 23,195 23,458 24,033 23,706 24,041 24,573 27,841 31,585 66,855 31,652 66,737 79,607 60,374 51,470 10,029 8,337 992,589 - 8,437 9,084 1,400,026 25,603 34,490 32,269 32,557 21,754 24,657 000 tons - 23,936 24,615 Petroleum Products Imports Produc000 tons tion Imports mcf 923,758 1,202,750 24,119 Gas 857,433 22,625 61,933 64,208 Production mcf* - 1,344,953 - 1,413,581 - 1,454,194 - 1,460,679 - 1,482,847 1,471,591 1,505,841 1,493,508 1,465,760 - 12,371 10,489 269,246 13,344 7,749 6,492 2,843 4,251 5,987 8,911 4,267 8,996 8,395 4,658 4,057 9,914 3,710 11,253 5,004 11,021 15,145 3,307 4,652 13,550 190,406 3,312 9,828 10,926 13,347 192,226 10,754 11,523 20,191 320,180 P : Provisional * : Million cubic feet # LNG import is available till September 2015. -: Not available 9,974 11,507 1,458,936 978,246 9,025 - 102,735 1,080,721 10,314 11,513 12,929 7,937 8,096 000 tons 1,578 2,789 10,498 Production 3,095 9,740 8,330 Coal 950 1,081 10,474 6,009 000 tons 9,028 5,676 11,178 1,481,551 1,471,855 5,170 - 1,558,959 9,023 Imports 3,119 4,885 7,021 13,684 8,197 11,000 3,328 3,275 4,587 4,871 3,643 4,124 3,738 3,481 3,450 3,613 3,179 3,438 3,712 4,142 4,165 4,297 3,386 1,512 Source: Hydrocarbon Development Institute of Pakistan (HDIP) Ministry of Energy 171
488. TABLE 14 .4 SCHEDULE OF ELECTRICITY TARIFFS DESCRIPTION Residential Up to 50 Units For peak load requirement less than 5 kW 01-100 Units 101-200 Units 201-300 Units 301-700Units Above 700 Units For peak load requirement exceeding 5 kW) Time of Use (TOU) - Peak Time of Use (TOU) - Off-Peak Temporary Supply Total Residential Commercial - A2 For peak load requirement less than 5 kW For peak load requirement exceeding 5 kW Regular Time of Use (TOU) - Peak Time of Use (TOU) - Off-Peak Temporary Supply Total Commercial General Services-A3 Industrial B1 B1 Peak B1 Off Peak B2 B2 - TOU (Peak) B2 - TOU (Off-peak) B3 - TOU (Peak) B3 - TOU (Off-peak) B4 - TOU (Peak) B4 - TOU (Off-peak) Temporary Supply Total Industrial Single Point Supply for further distribution C1(a) Supply at 400 Volts-less than 5 kW C1(b) Supply at 400 Volts-exceeding 5 kW Time of Use (TOU) - Peak Time of Use (TOU) - Off-Peak C2 Supply at 11 kV Time of Use (TOU) - Peak Time of Use (TOU) - Off-Peak C3 Supply above 11 kV Time of Use (TOU) - Peak Time of Use (TOU) - Off-Peak Total Single Point Supply Agricultural Tube-wells - Tariff D Scarp Time of Use (TOU) - Peak Time of Use (TOU) - Off-Peak Agricultual Tube-wells Time of Use (TOU) - Peak Time of Use (TOU) - Off-Peak Total Agricultural Public Lighting - Tariff G Residential Colonies Tariff K - AJK Time of Use (TOU) - Peak Time of Use (TOU) - Off-Peak Railway Traction Tariff K -Rawat Lab Sub-Total Special Contract - Tariff-J J-1 For Supply at 66 kV & above Time of Use (TOU) - Peak Time of Use (TOU) - Off-Peak J-2 (a) For Supply at 11, 33 kV Time of Use (TOU) - Peak Time of Use (TOU) - Off-Peak J-2 (b) For Supply at 66 kV & above Time of Use (TOU) - Peak Time of Use (TOU) - Off-Peak J-3 (a) For Supply at 11, 33 kV Time of Use (TOU) - Peak Time of Use (TOU) - Off-Peak J-3 (b) For Supply at 66 kV & above Time of Use (TOU) - Peak Time of Use (TOU) - Off-Peak Fixed IESCO Charge Rs./kW/M GEPCO 400.00 400.00 400.00 400.00 380.00 360.00 400.00 400.00 380.00 380.00 360.00 360.00 200.00 200.00 200.00 360.00 360.00 360.00 360.00 380.00 380.00 360.00 360.00 380.00 380.00 360.00 360.00 FESCO Variable Charge w.e.f 22-03-2018 (Rs./kWh) LESCO MEPCO PESCO HESCO 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 9.31 12.71 14.23 15.54 17.27 8.60 10.61 11.92 14.78 15.41 10.72 14.23 14.96 15.40 16.51 9.52 11.32 12.33 14.08 16.04 16.63 9.30 16.93 15.36 8.86 15.36 16.51 9.36 16.51 16.04 9.54 15.19 4.00 10.67 12.17 13.59 16.21 17.73 16.37 10.67 17.17 4.00 13.82 17.31 17.41 18.76 19.86 19.82 14.27 19.82 4.00 16.46 19.96 20.36 20.97 21.97 21.96 16.46 22.26 QESCO 4.00 9.71 12.12 12.17 14.12 16.12 16.12 9.72 16.12 SEPCO 4.00 14.26 15.56 18.26 20.11 22.46 22.45 16.50 20.10 TESCO 4.00 11.93 14.23 15.23 15.62 16.43 16.43 11.93 16.43 GOP Applicable Rate (Rs./kWh) 2.00 5.79 8.11 10.20 16.00 18.00 18.00 12.50 22.26 15.68 14.36 15.41 15.73 15.77 19.82 21.26 16.12 22.35 16.43 18.00 12.68 16.63 9.33 15.68 10.86 15.36 8.86 14.36 15.26 16.51 9.36 16.51 11.76 16.04 9.54 15.74 13.77 16.37 10.67 15.77 15.27 19.82 14.27 19.82 19.26 21.96 16.46 21.26 12.12 16.12 9.72 16.12 20.35 22.45 16.50 22.35 14.43 16.43 11.93 16.43 16.00 18.00 12.50 22.35 14.58 12.51 14.01 13.84 15.47 15.77 17.86 13.07 17.68 16.23 14.75 12.73 16.63 9.43 12.23 16.63 9.23 16.63 9.03 16.63 8.83 12.73 10.00 15.36 8.86 9.36 15.36 8.66 15.36 8.56 15.36 8.46 9.86 12.53 16.23 8.46 12.03 16.23 8.36 16.23 8.26 16.23 8.16 16.51 11.74 16.04 9.59 11.24 16.04 9.36 16.04 9.16 16.04 9.04 11.74 13.27 16.37 10.67 12.77 16.37 10.47 16.37 10.37 16.37 10.27 13.27 15.32 19.82 14.27 14.82 19.82 14.07 19.82 13.97 19.82 13.87 15.32 18.76 21.96 16.46 18.26 21.96 16.26 21.96 16.06 21.96 15.96 18.76 11.62 16.12 9.72 11.12 16.12 9.52 16.12 9.42 16.12 9.32 11.62 19.85 22.45 16.50 19.35 22.45 16.30 22.45 16.20 22.45 16.10 19.85 12.43 16.43 11.93 11.93 16.43 11.73 16.43 11.63 16.43 11.53 12.43 14.50 18.00 12.50 14.00 18.00 12.29 18.00 12.20 18.00 12.10 19.85 13.23 12.73 16.63 9.30 12.53 16.63 9.10 12.43 16.63 8.88 10.36 9.86 15.36 8.86 9.66 15.36 8.66 9.56 15.36 8.56 13.03 12.53 16.23 8.46 12.33 16.23 8.26 12.23 16.23 8.16 12.24 11.74 16.04 9.59 11.54 16.04 9.36 11.44 16.04 9.16 13.77 13.27 16.37 10.67 13.07 16.37 10.47 12.97 16.37 10.37 15.82 15.32 19.82 14.27 15.12 19.82 14.07 15.02 19.82 13.97 19.26 18.76 21.96 16.46 18.56 21.96 16.26 18.46 21.96 16.06 12.12 11.62 16.12 9.72 11.42 16.12 9.52 11.32 16.12 9.42 20.35 19.85 22.45 16.50 19.65 22.45 16.30 19.55 22.45 16.20 12.93 12.43 16.43 11.93 12.23 16.43 11.73 12.13 16.43 11.63 15.00 14.50 18.00 12.50 14.30 18.00 12.30 14.20 18.00 12.20 13.63 16.63 8.95 11.58 16.63 9.03 10.86 15.36 8.56 9.86 15.36 8.56 12.33 16.23 8.36 12.33 16.23 8.36 13.14 16.04 9.14 13.44 16.04 9.14 13.82 16.37 10.37 15.02 16.37 10.37 15.32 19.82 14.27 14.82 19.82 14.27 18.76 21.96 16.06 18.26 21.96 16.06 12.32 16.12 9.42 11.84 16.12 9.42 18.95 22.45 16.20 18.50 22.45 16.20 12.43 16.43 11.63 11.93 16.43 11.63 12.00 15.00 8.85 11.50 10.35 8.85 14.62 14.62 11.85 16.52 8.82 14.63 9.36 9.36 9.36 15.36 10.06 - 12.26 12.26 - 14.84 14.84 14.84 - 13.77 13.77 13.77 - 14.82 14.82 14.82 19.82 14.27 - 20.26 20.26 - 11.12 11.12 - 19.35 19.35 - 12.43 12.43 - 15.00 15.00 12.23 18.00 12.20 15.00 15.00 12.43 16.63 8.88 12.53 16.63 9.10 12.43 16.63 8.88 12.53 16.63 9.10 12.43 16.63 8.88 9.56 15.36 8.56 9.66 15.36 8.66 9.56 15.36 8.56 9.66 15.36 8.66 9.56 15.36 8.56 12.23 16.23 8.16 12.33 16.23 8.26 12.23 16.23 8.16 12.33 16.23 8.26 12.23 16.23 8.16 11.44 16.04 9.16 11.54 16.04 9.36 11.44 16.04 9.16 11.54 16.04 9.36 11.44 16.04 9.16 12.97 16.37 10.37 13.07 16.37 10.47 12.97 16.37 10.37 13.07 16.37 10.47 12.97 16.37 10.37 15.02 19.82 13.97 15.12 19.82 14.07 15.02 19.82 13.97 15.12 19.82 14.07 15.02 19.82 13.97 18.46 21.96 16.06 18.56 21.96 16.26 18.46 21.96 16.06 18.56 21.96 16.26 18.46 21.96 16.06 11.32 16.12 9.42 11.42 16.12 9.52 11.32 16.12 9.42 11.42 16.12 9.52 11.32 16.12 9.42 19.55 22.45 16.20 19.65 22.45 16.30 19.55 22.45 16.20 19.65 22.45 16.30 19.55 22.45 16.20 12.13 16.43 11.63 12.23 16.43 11.73 12.13 16.43 11.63 12.23 16.43 11.73 12.13 16.43 11.63 Source: NEPRA i. No Subsidy or Srucharges where intimated by GoP for Category "Special Contract - Tariff-J" therefore tariff determined by NEPRA for each DISCO is applicable ii. Incase of FESCO and GEPCO the GoP of applicable rate for the Category "Agricultural Tube-wells - Tariff D" is lower than rest of the DISCO iii. In addition to above mentioned GoP applicable rate, the fixed charges applicable to private agriculture consumers under tariff D-2 and D-1 (b) is also picked by GoP as Subsidy. Note: "Neelum-Jhelum Surcharge" at the rate of Rs. 0.10/kWh applicable on all electricity consumers except lifeline domestic consumers of the category "Residential A-1" for electrcity sold. "Financing Cost Surcharge" at the rate of Rs. 0.43/kWh applicable to all the of electricity consumers except lifeline domestic consumers of the category "Residential A-1" for electrcity sold. 172
489. TABLE 14 .4 CONSUMER-END TARIFF Description Residential Up to 50 Units For peak load requirement less than 5 kW 01-100 Units 101-200 Units 201-300 Units 301-700Units Above 700 Units For peak load requirement exceeding 5 kW) Time of Use (TOU) - Peak Time of Use (TOU) - Off-Peak Temporary Supply Commercial - A2 For peak load requirement less than 5 kW For peak load requirement exceeding 5 kW Regular Time of Use (TOU) - Peak Time of Use (TOU) - Off-Peak Temporary Supply General Services-A3 Industrial B1 B1 Peak B1 Off Peak B2 B2 - TOU (Peak) B2 - TOU (Off-peak) B3 - TOU (Peak) B3 - TOU (Off-peak) B4 - TOU (Peak) B4 - TOU (Off-peak) Temporary Supply Fixed Charges Rs./ kW/M *Notified Tariff 01-01-2019 Tariff Payable by Consumers Variable Charges Rs./ kWh Total Residential 400 400 Total Commercial 400 400 380 360 Total Industrial Single Point Supply for further distribution C1(a) Supply at 400 Volts-less than 5 kW C1(b) Supply at 400 Volts-exceeding 5 kW Time of Use (TOU) - Peak Time of Use (TOU) - Off-Peak C2 Supply at 11 kV Time of Use (TOU) - Peak Time of Use (TOU) - Off-Peak C3 Supply above 11 kV Time of Use (TOU) - Peak Time of Use (TOU) - Off-Peak Total Single Point Supply Agricultural Tube-wells - Tariff D Scarp Time of Use (TOU) - Peak Time of Use (TOU) - Off-Peak Agricultual Tube-wells Time of Use (TOU) - Peak Time of Use (TOU) - Off-Peak Total Agricultural Public Lighting - Tariff G Residential Colonies Tariff K - AJK Time of Use (TOU) - Peak Time of Use (TOU) - Off-Peak Tariff K -Rawat Lab Sub-Total Speical Contract - Tariff - J J-1 For Supply at 66 kV & above Time of Use (TOU) - Peak Time of Use (TOU) - Off-Peak J-2 (a) For Supply at 11, 33 kV Time of Use (TOU) - Peak Time of Use (TOU) - Off-Peak J-2 (b) For Supply at 66 kV & above Time of Use (TOU) - Peak Time of Use (TOU) - Off-Peak J-3 (a) For Supply at 11, 33 kV Time of Use (TOU) - Peak Time of Use (TOU) - Off-Peak J-3 (b) For Supply at 66 kV & above Time of Use (TOU) - Peak Time of Use (TOU) - Off-Peak Total Revenue 400 400 380 380 360 360 200 200 200 360 360 360 360 380 380 360 360 380 380 360 360 Notified Tariff 22-03-2018 Tariff Payable by Consumers Variable Charges Rs./ kWh 2.00 2.00 5.79 8.11 10.20 17.60 20.70 5.79 8.11 10.20 16.00 18.00 20.70 14.38 20.84 18.00 12.50 22.26 18.00 18.00 19.68 21.60 15.63 18.39 16.00 18.00 12.50 22.35 17.56 14.75 15.28 18.84 13.28 14.78 18.78 13.07 18.78 12.98 18.78 12.88 16.36 14.50 18.00 12.50 14.00 18.00 12.29 18.00 12.20 18.00 12.10 19.85 18.68 18.18 21.60 15.00 17.98 21.60 14.80 17.88 21.60 14.70 15.00 14.50 18.00 12.50 14.30 18.00 12.30 14.20 18.00 12.20 15.68 18.60 11.35 5.35 5.35 5.35 12.00 15.00 8.85 11.50 10.35 8.85 18.68 18.68 15.90 21.60 14.70 18.68 15.00 1.78 12.23 18.00 12.20 15.00 17.88 21.60 14.70 17.98 21.60 14.80 17.88 21.60 14.70 17.98 21.60 14.80 17.88 21.60 14.70 13.51 17.74 11.24 13.61 17.74 11.37 13.51 17.74 11.24 13.61 17.74 11.37 13.95 18.01 11.54 Source: *In addition the Federal Government vide SRO.12(I)/2019 dated January 01, 2019 notified that payment for the industrial consumers of all XWDISCOs & K-Electric be reduced Rs.3/kWh which shall be inclusive of any downward revision of Fuel Price Adjustment notified from time to time. Further to rationalize the payments for zero rated industrial consumer, XWDISCOs and K-Electric are to receive from such zero rated industrial consumer per above, it is hereby notified that payment from such zero rated industrial consumer shall be reduced upto the rate of 7.5 cent /kWh (inclusive of special relief package) 173
490. TABLE 14 .5 OIL SALE PRICES Rs/Ltrs Date 22-11-2012 22-12-2012 22-01-2013 01-03-2013 04-03-2013 01-07-2013 01-08-2013 01-09-2013 EX-NRL/PRL KARACHI Motor Gasoline 102.65 101.42 103.07 106.60 103.07 69.40 71.74 75.52 HOBC (Automotive 100 Octane) 87.68 92.52 97.47 Super (90 Octane) Blend of Motor Gasoline @ 60% and HOBC 40%) Kerosene 99.03 98.81 99.90 103.69 99.90 72.28 76.54 80.30 HSD 109.77 110.13 109.21 113.56 109.21 78.49 82.33 85.27 LDO 93.89 94.34 94.33 98.26 94.78 71.47 74.84 76.99 Aviation gasoline (100LL) JP-1: 80.57 i) For sale to PIA Domestic Flight 88.22 88.04 89.24 93.52 93.52 72.54 76.8 ii) For sale to PIA foreign flights & foreign airline iii) For Cargo & Technical Landing Flights JP-4 JP-8 87.90 87.72 88.80 93.21 93.21 72.28 76.54 80.30 - : Not available Source: Hydrocarbon Development Institute of Pakistan (HDIP) TABLE 14.5 OIL SALE PRICES Rs/Ltrs 01-10-2013 01-11-2013 01-12-2013 01-01-2014 01-02-2014 02-03-2014 01-04-2014 01-05-2014 Date EX-NRL/PRL KARACHI 80.05 77.82 78.26 80.83 78.31 75.43 74.02 73.68 Motor Gasoline 102.19 99.84 104.30 107.38 103.55 100.97 95.87 94.25 HOBC (Automotive 100 Octane) Super (90 Octane) Blend of Motor Gasoline @ 60% and HOBC 40%) 82.11 82.05 82.98 85.31 81.13 81.33 75.97 73.88 Kerosene 87.54 81.40 82.36 84.43 80.79 80.86 77.53 73.93 HSD 78.75 79.48 80.13 81.63 78.07 78.47 74.07 72.83 LDO Aviation gasoline (100LL) 82.39 82.33 83.26 JP-1: i) For sale to PIA Domestic Flight ii) For sale to PIA foreign flights & foreign airline iii) For Cargo & Technical Landing Flights JP-4 82.11 82.05 82.98 JP-8 - : Not available Source: Hydrocarbon Development Institute of Pakistan (HDIP) 174
491. TABLE 14 .5 OIL SALE PRICES Rs/Ltrs 01-06-2014 01-07-2014 01-08-2014 01-09-2014 01-10-2014 01-11-2014 01-12-2014 01-01-2015 Date EX-NRL/PRL KARACHI 74.89 107.97 107.97 106.56 103.62 94.19 84.53 78.28 Motor Gasoline 96.45 HOBC (Automotive 100 Octane) Super (90 Octane) Blend of Motor Gasoline @ 60% and HOBC 40%) 74.19 97.40 97.05 96.99 95.68 87.52 83.18 71.92 Kerosene 75.30 109.34 109.34 108.34 107.39 101.21 94.09 86.23 HSD 73.67 94.13 93.27 92.08 91.94 83.37 77.98 67.50 LDO Aviation gasoline (100LL) 86.71 86.74 84.84 85.00 77.60 73.05 59.10 JP-1: i) For sale to PIA Domestic Flight ii) For sale to PIA foreign flights & foreign airline iii) For Cargo & Technical Landing Flights JP-4 87.06 86.42 85.52 84.66 77.01 72.72 58.76 JP-8 - : Not available Source: Hydrocarbon Development Institute of Pakistan (HDIP) TABLE 14.5 OIL SALE PRICES Rs/Ltrs 01-02-2015 01-03-2015 01-07-2015 01-08-2015 01-09-2015 01-10-2015 01-11-2015 01-12-2015 Date EX-NRL/PRL KARACHI 70.29 70.29 77.79 76.76 73.76 73.76 76.26 76.26 Motor Gasoline 83.81 82.79 79.79 79.79 79.79 80.66 HOBC (Automotive 100 Octane) Super (90 Octane) Blend of Motor Gasoline @ 60% and HOBC 40%) 61.44 61.44 64.94 60.11 57.11 57.11 57.11 56.32 Kerosene 80.61 80.61 87.11 85.05 82.04 82.04 83.79 83.79 HSD 57.94 57.94 61.51 56.59 53.59 53.59 53.59 53.23 LDO Aviation gasoline (100LL) 47.30 53.59 55.81 49.33 42.65 45.31 46.12 45.24 JP-1: i) For sale to PIA Domestic Flight ii) For sale to PIA foreign flights & foreign airline iii) For Cargo & Technical Landing Flights JP-4 46.96 53.25 55.47 48.99 42.31 44.96 45.77 44.90 JP-8 - : Not available Source: Hydrocarbon Development Institute of Pakistan (HDIP) 175
492. TABLE 14 .5 OIL SALE PRICES Rs/Ltrs 01-01-2016 01-02-2016 01-03-2016 01-04-2016 01-05-2016 01-06-2016 01-07-2016 01-08-2016 Date EX-NRL/PRL KARACHI 76.25 71.25 62.77 64.27 64.27 64.27 64.27 64.27 Motor Gasoline 80.66 75.66 72.68 72.68 72.68 72.68 72.68 72.68 HOBC (Automotive 100 Octane) Super (90 Octane) Blend of Motor Gasoline @ 60% and HOBC 40%) 48.25 43.25 43.25 43.25 43.25 43.25 43.25 43.25 Kerosene 80.79 75.79 71.12 72.52 72.52 72.52 72.52 72.52 HSD 44.94 39.94 37.97 37.97 37.97 37.97 43.35 43.35 LDO Aviation gasoline (100LL) 37.50 29.66 32.67 36.35 38.87 38.87 48.82 45.19 JP-1: i) For sale to PIA Domestic Flight ii) For sale to PIA foreign flights & foreign airline iii) For Cargo & Technical Landing Flights JP-4 37.15 29.31 31.36 36.01 37.37 37.37 44.81 42.27 JP-8 - : Not available Source: Hydrocarbon Development Institute of Pakistan (HDIP) TABLE 14.5 OIL SALE PRICES Rs/Ltrs 01-09-2016 01-10-2016 01-11-2016 01-12-2016 01-01-2017 16-01-2017 01-02-2017 16-02-2017 Date EX-NRL/PRL KARACHI 64.27 64.27 64.27 66.27 67.27 68.04 70.29 71.29 Motor Gasoline 72.68 72.68 HOBC (Automotive 100 Octane) Super (90 Octane) Blend of Motor Gasoline @ 60% and HOBC 40%) 43.25 43.25 43.25 43.25 43.25 43.25 43.25 43.25 Kerosene 72.52 72.52 72.52 75.22 75.22 77.22 49.48 80.48 HSD 43.34 43.34 43.34 43.34 43.34 43.34 43.34 43.34 LDO Aviation gasoline (100LL) 40.51 42.19 46.67 44.61 JP-1: i) For sale to PIA Domestic Flight ii) For sale to PIA foreign flights & foreign airline iii) For Cargo & Technical Landing Flights JP-4 40.17 41.84 46.33 43.47 JP-8 - : Not available Source: Hydrocarbon Development Institute of Pakistan (HDIP) 176
493. TABLE 14 .5 OIL SALE PRICES Date Rs/Ltrs 01-03-2017 01-04-2017 01-05-2017 01-06-2017 01-07-2017 01-08-2017 06-08-2017 EX-NRL/PRL KARACHI Motor Gasoline HOBC (Automotive 100 Octane) Super (90 Octane) Blend of Motor Gasoline @ 60% and HOBC 40%) Kerosene HSD LDO Aviation gasoline (100LL) JP-1: i) For sale to PIA Domestic Flight ii) For sale to PIA foreign flights & foreign airline iii) For Cargo & Technical Landing Flights JP-4 JP-8 - : Not available 73.00 74.00 74.00 72.80 71.30 71.30 69.50 44.00 82.00 44.00 44.00 83.00 44.00 44.00 83.00 44.00 44.00 81.40 44.00 44.00 79.90 44.00 44.00 79.90 44.00 44.00 77.40 44.00 44.40 45.98 45.98 44.05 45.63 45.63 Source: Hydrocarbon Development Institute of Pakistan (HDIP) TABLE 14.5 OIL SALE PRICES Date Rs/Ltrs 01-09-2017 01-10-2017 01-11-2017 01-12-2017 01-01-2018 01-02-2018 01-07-2018 EX-NRL/PRL KARACHI Motor Gasoline HOBC (Automotive 100 Octane) Super (90 Octane) Blend of Motor Gasoline @ 60% and HOBC 40%) Kerosene HSD LDO Aviation gasoline (100LL) JP-1: i) For sale to PIA Domestic Flight ii) For sale to PIA foreign flights & foreign airline iii) For Cargo & Technical Landing Flights JP-4 JP-8 - : Not available 71.50 73.50 75.99 77.47 81.53 84.51 99.50 44.00 77.40 44.00 48.00 79.40 46.00 53.19 84.59 49.00 57.58 85.95 52.12 64.32 89.91 58.37 70.18 95.83 64.30 87.70 119.31 80.91 48.77 52.26 52.91 57.22 62.35 65.85 76.18 48.41 51.91 52.96 56.87 59.41 65.48 76.16 Source: Hydrocarbon Development Institute of Pakistan (HDIP) 177
494. TABLE 14 .5 OIL SALE PRICES Date EX-NRL/PRL KARACHI Motor Gasoline HOBC (Automotive 100 Octane) Super (90 Octane) Blend of Motor Gasoline @ 60% and HOBC 40%) Kerosene HSD LDO Aviation gasoline (100LL) JP-1: i) For sale to PIA Domestic Flight ii) For sale to PIA foreign flights & foreign airline iii) For Cargo & Technical Landing Flights JP-4 JP-8 - : Not available Rs/Ltrs 08-07-2018 01-08-2018 01-09-2018 01-10-2018 01-11-2018 95.24 95.24 92.83 92.83 97.83 83.96 112.94 75.37 83.96 112.94 75.37 83.50 106.57 75.96 863.50 106.57 75.96 86.50 112.94 82.44 76.18 81.44 80.94 84.83 92.34 76.16 81.24 80.75 84.64 92.15 Source: Hydrocarbon Development Institute of Pakistan (HDIP) TABLE 14.5 OIL SALE PRICES Date EX-NRL/PRL KARACHI Motor Gasoline HOBC (Automotive 100 Octane) Super (90 Octane) Blend of Motor Gasoline @ 60% and HOBC 40%) Kerosene HSD LDO Aviation gasoline (100LL) JP-1: i) For sale to PIA Domestic Flight ii) For sale to PIA foreign flights & foreign airline iii) For Cargo & Technical Landing Flights JP-4 JP-8 - : Not available Rs/Ltrs 01-12-2018 01-01-2019 01-02-2019 01-03-2019 95.83 90.97 90.38 92.89 83.50 110.94 77.44 82.98 106.68 75.28 82.31 106.68 75.03 86.31 111.43 77.54 84.42 73.59 73.39 73.48 84.23 73.41 73.20 73.29 Source: Hydrocarbon Development Institute of Pakistan (HDIP) 178
495. TABLE 14 .6 GAS SALE PRICES Category 1-1-2013 DOMESTIC (Slab) i) Upto 1.77 M cu.ft./month ii) Upto 1.77 to 3.55 M cu.ft./month 106.14 iii) Upto 3.55 to 7.10 M cu.ft./month iv) Upto 7.10 to 10.64 Mcu.ft./month 212.28 v) Upto 10.64 to 14.20 M cu.ft./month 530.00 vi) Upto 14.20 to 17.75 M cu.ft./month vii) All over 17.75 BULK METER 530.00 COMMERCIAL 636.83 SPECIAL COMMERCIAL ROTI TANDOOR* Upto 50 Over 50 upto 100 106.14 Over 100 upto 200 Over 200 upto 300 212.28 Over 300 636.83 ICE FACTORIES 636.83 General Industry 488.23 Cement 742.97 CNG Station 656.32 Pakistan Steel Captive Power 488.23 Independent Power Projects 488.23 FERTILIZER SNGPL'S SYSTEM (i) For Feed Stock Pak American Fertilizer Ltd. 123.41 F.F.C Jorden Engro Fertilizer Ltd. 67.38 Dawood Hercules/ Pak Arab 123.41 Pak China /Hazara 123.41 SSGCL'S SYSTEM F.F.Bin Qasim Ltd. 123.41 F.F.Bin Qasim Ltd. (Add. 10mmcfd FS) 67.38 (ii) For Fuel Generation all Fertilizer Co. 488.23 FOR MARI GAS CO. SYSTEM (i) For Feed Stock (a) Engro Chemical 123.41 FFC (Goth Machi) 123.41 Fatima Fertilizer 67.38 FFC (Mirpur M) 123.41 Foundation Power Company 488.23 (ii) For Power Generation 488.23 POWER Stations SNGPL & SSGCL'S SYSTEM 488.23 Liberty Power Limited 1,505.20 GAS DIRECTLY SOLD TO WAPDA'S GUDDU POWER STATION SUI FIELD (917 BTU) 488.23 KANDKOT FIELD (866 BTU) 488.23 MARI FIELD (754 BTU) 488.23 SARA /SURI FIELDS Foundation Power Company 488.23 23-8-13 1-1-14 1-9-2015 106.14 106.14 212.28 530.69 15-12-16 110.00 110.00 110.00 212.28 530.69 220.00 600.00 220.00 600.00 220.00 600.00 530.69 636.83 530.69 636.83 600.00 700.00 600.00 600.00 106.14 106.14 110.00 110.00 110.00 212.28 636.83 636.83 488.23 742.97 656.32 212.28 636.83 636.83 488.23 742.97 656.32 220.00 700.00 700.00 700.00 750.00 700.00 220.00 220.00 700.00 600.00 750.00 700.00 700.00 600.00 750.00 700.00 573.28 488.23 573.28 488.23 600.00 600.00 613.00 600.00 613.00 600.00 400.00 123.41 123.41 200.00 123.41 123.00 123.00 *-69.10 123.41 123.41 73.17 123.41 123.41 70.61 200.00 200.00 123.41 123.41 72.72 123.00 123.00 72.72 123.00 123.00 123.41 69.10 488.23 123.41 73.17 488.23 200.00 70.61 600.00 123.41 123.00 72.72 600.00 123.00 72.72 600.00 123.41 123.41 69.10 123.41 488.23 488.23 123.41 123.41 73.17 123.41 488.23 488.23 200.00 200.00 70.61 72.73 123.41 123.41 123.00 123.00 72.72 123.00 613.00 123.00 123.00 72.72 123.00 400.00 488.23 1,505.20 488.23 1,505.20 600.00 713.89 648.52 443.58 443.58 488.23 488.23 488.23 488.23 488.23 488.23 600.00 600.00 600.00 613.00 613.00 613.00 613.00 400.00 488.23 488.23 600.00 613.00 613.00 400.00 72.73 72.73 1-4-2016 Unit: Rupees/MMbtu. 1-7-2016 179 1-1-2016 Source : Directorate General of Gas.
496. TABLE 14 .6 GAS SALE PRICES w.e.f 27-09-2018 Category 1. DOMESTIC Upto 50 M3 per month Upto 100 M3 per month Upto 200 M3 per month Upto 300 M3 per month Upto 400 M3 per month Upto 500 M3 per month Over 500 M3 per month 121.00 127.00 264.00 275.00 780.00 1,460.00 1,460.00 2. BULK CONSUMERS 3. SPECIAL COMMERCIAL (ROTI TANOOR) SPECIAL COMMERCIAL ROTI TANDOOR* Upto 50 M3 per month Upto 100 M3 per month Upto 200 M3 per month Upto 300 M3 per month Upto 400 M3 per month Over 400 M3 per month 4. COMMERCIAL 5. ICE FACTORIES 6. TEXTILE (including Jute) carpets, leather, sports and surgical goods 7. INDUSTRIAL 8. CAPITIVE POWER 9. COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS(CNG) 10. CEMENT 11. FERTILIZER COMPANIES 780.00 121.00 127.00 264.00 275.00 780.00 980.00 980.00 980.00 600.00 780.00 780.00 980.00 975.00 ON SNGPL'S SYSTEM (a) For Feed Stock (i) Pak Amercian Fertilizer Limited (ii) Dawood Hercules Cheical Limited (iii) Pak Arab Fertilizer Limited (iv) Pak China Fertilizer Limited (v) Hazara Phosphoale Fertilizer Limited (vi) FFC Jordan Fertilizer (vii) ENGRO Fertilizer Limited ON SSGCL'S SYSTEM (a) Fauji Fertilizer Bin Qasim Limited (b) FFBQL - additional 10 MMCFD leed stock (c) For Fuel - All Fertilizer Companies ON MARI's SYSTEM (a) For Feed Stock (i) Engro Fertilizer Company Limited (ii) Fauji Fertizer Company Limited (Goth Machi/Mirpur Matheolo) (iii) Fatima Fertilizer Company Limited (Mirpur Mathelo, District Ghotki (iv) Fauji Fertilizer Company Limited Mirpur Mathelo District Ghotki (b) For Fuel 12. POWER STATION (WAPDA's AND KESC's (i) WAPDA & KESCS's POWER AND STATION (ii) WAPDA's Gas Turbine Power Station Nishatabad, Faislabad (iii) LIBERTY POWER LIMITED* 13. INDEPENDENT POWER PRODUCERS *: The rate will be 1,283.5 w.e.f 01-01-2019 185.00 185.00 185.00 185.00 US$0.70 185.00 780.00 185.00 185.00 US$0.70 780.00 629.00 629.00 1,005.19 629.00 Source : Directorate General of Gas. 180
497. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES RUPEES One Lakh Ten Lakh One Crore One Billion One Trillion =One hundred thousand =One million =Ten million =One thousand million =One thousand billion =100,000 =1,000,000 =10,000,000 CURRENCY EQUIVALENT Prior to 1972 One Rupee = US$ 0.21 One US$ = Rs. 4.76 With effect from 8th January, 1982, Rupee is floating against Dollar and is linked to a basket of currencies. WEIGHTS One Gram One Pound One Kilogram One Metric tonne One Maund One Tonne One cotton bale One bushel =0.035 Ounce =16 ounces =1000 grams =1000 Kilograms =37.3242 Kilograms =2240 pounds =375 Ibs. =0.73 mds =0.0857 Tola =453.592 grams =1.07 seers =2.205 pounds =0.9842 ton =26.792 Maunds LENGTH One yard One mile One sq. yard One sq. metre One Acre One Hectare =3 feet =36 inches =1760 yards =0.83613 sq. metres =1.196 sq. yards =4840 sq. yards =2.47 Acres =0.914 metre =1.609 kilometres VOLUME One cubic metre =35.315 cubic feet =1.016 metric tonnes =170.2 kg =27.25 kg =0.4049 hectare LIQUID MEASURE One barrel =36 gallons (imperial) =163.656 litres YEAR Fiscal/Trade/Agriculture Year in Pakistan starts from 1stJuly and ends on 30th June every year CROPPING SEASONS Kharif – Crop sowing from April to June and harvested during October-December Rabi – Crops sowing from October to December and harvested during April-May 181
498. ABBREVIATIONS AJK Azad Jammu Kashmir AMCs Assets Management Companies APHCA Animal Production & Health Commission for Asia ECNEC Executive Committee of the National Economic Council ECO Economic Cooperation Organization EDL External Debt and Liabilities AQD Animal Quarantine Department EFA Education for All BATS Bonds Automated Trading System EMO Expanding Microfinance Outreach BISP Benazir Income Support Programme EMOs Electronic Money Order Services BOT Build Own and Transfer EOBI BPA Bond Pricing Agency Employees Old Age Benefits Institution CBOs Community Based Organizations EPA Environment Protection Agency CBR Crude Birth Rate EPS Earning per Share CCI Council of Common Interest EU European Union CDNS Central Directorate of National Savings FAO Food Agriculture Organization FATA Federally Administrated Tribal Areas CDR Crude Death Rate FATE Facilitation and Taxpayers Education CFIs Commercial Financial Institutions FCA Federal Committee on Agriculture CGT Capital Gain Tax FDI Foreign Direct Investment CiC Currency in Circulation FEE Foreign Exchange Earnings CMOs Cellular Mobile Operators FEL Foreign Exchange Liabilities CPEC China-Pak Economic Corridor FER Foreign Exchange Reserves CPI Consumer Price Index FLL Fixed Local Loop CPR Contraceptive Prevalence Rate FMD Foot and Mouth Disease CRR Cash Reserve Requirement FWC Family Welfare Center CSC Customer Services Centers GCC Gulf Co-operation Council CSF Coalition Support Fund GDP Gross Domestic Product CSP Child Support Programme GDR Global Depository Receipts CVT Capital Value Tax GNP Gross National Product DGPC Directorate General Petroleum Concessions GPI Gender Parity Index GST General Sales Tax DNA Damage and Needs Assessment HDI Human Development Index DRS Disaster Risk Management HEC Higher Education Commission DSNGS Digital Satellite News Gathering System HIES Household Income and Expenditure Survey ECB External Commercial Borrowings HPEHPs High Priority Early Harvest Projects HRD 182 Human Resource Development
499. IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency IBFT Inter Bank Fund Transfer ICT Islamabad Capital Territory IFA Individual Financial Assistance IFIs International Financial Institutions IMF International Monetary Fund IMR Infant Mortality Rate IPPs Independent Power Producers ITMS Integrated Tax Management System KIBOR Karachi Interbank Offer Rate KPT Karachi Port Trust KSE Karachi Stock Exchange KYE Know Your Customer LFS Labour Force Survey LSM NEQ National Environment Quality Standards NFC National Finance Commission NGMS Next Generation Mobile Services NHA National Highways Authority NICL National Insurance Company Limited NID National Immunization Day NPLs Non Performing Loans NSDWQ National Standards for Drinking Water Quality NTCP National Trade Corridor Programme NVL National Veterinary Laboratories OBB Output Based Budget OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development Large Scale Manufacturing OGRA Oil & Gas Regulatory Authority MDG Millennium Development Goals OIE Office International des Epizooties MFBs Microfinance Banks OLP Outstanding Loans Portfolio MMR Maternal Mortality Rate OMC Oil Marketing Companies MRTB Market Related Treasury Bills OMOs Open Market Operations MSU Mobile Service Unit OPHI MTBF Medium Term Budgetary Framework Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative MTEF Medium Term Expenditure Framework PAEC Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission PBC Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation PBM Pakistan Bait-ul-Mal PDMA Provincial Disaster Management Authority NAVTEC National Vocational and Technical Education Commission NBFCs Non Banking Financial Companies NBFIs Non Banking Financial Institutions PDS Pakistan Demographic Survey NCCPL National Clearing Company of Pakistan Limited PEMRA Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority NCEL National Commodity Exchange Limited PER Price Earning Ratio PFFPS NCHD National Commission for Human Development Pakistan Fertility & Family Planning Survey PGR Population Growth Rate NCRCL National Center for Rehabilitation of Child Labour PIBs Pakistan Investment Bonds NDMA National Disaster Management Authority PMEX Pakistan Mercantile Exchange Limited NEP National Education Policy 183
500. PNSC Pakistan National Shipping Corporation PPAF Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund PPAF Pakistan Poverty Elevation Fund PPCBL Punjab Provincial Corporative Bank Limited PPIB Private Power Infrastructure Board PPR Peste des Petits Ruminants PRISM Pakistan Real-Time Inter Bank Settlement PSDF Punjab Skills Development Fund PSDP Public Sector Development Programme SBP State Bank of Pakistan SDR Special Drawing Rights SECP Security & Exchange Commission of Pakistan SLIC State Life Insurance Corporation SLR Statutory Liquidity Requirement SME Small & Medium Enterprise SOEs State Owned Enterprises SPI Sensitive Price Index T-bill Treasury Bills Technologies Technologies PSEs Public Sector Enterprises TFC Term Finance Certificate PSLM Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey TFR Total Fertility Rate TS&C Transport, Storage &Communication PSM Pakistan Steel Mill UAE United Arab Emirates PTA Pakistan Telecommunication Authority VPS Voluntary Pension System QIM Quantum Index Manufacturing WALR Weighted Average Lending Rate RAR Refined Activity Rate RBM Roll Back Malaria REER Real Effective Exchange Rate REIT Real Estate Investment Trusts RHS Reproductive Health Services RSP Rural Support Program SAARC South Asia SBAs Skilled Birth Attendants WAPDA Water and Power Development Authority WLL Wireless Local Loop WPI Whole Sale Price Index WWF Workers’ Welfare Fund ZTBL Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited 3G 3rd Generation of Mobile Cellular 4G 4th Generation of Mobile Cellular 184
501. Your Support for Improvement Economic Adviser ’s Wing would appreciate your comments on our efforts made in presenting Pakistan Economic Survey 2018-19. Your feedback will be helpful to further improve the quality of this publication. Kindly forward your comments and suggestions to Economic Adviser’s Wing, Finance Division, Islamabad. 1. The presentation and order of the chapters is Good/Satisfactory/ Needs Improvement 2. Descriptive part contains useful information on how Pakistan’s Economy prevailed during the financial year. Your rating: 0% --------100% Your rating: 0% --------100% 3. Data provided in the Survey found useful. 4. Suitable stock of information is given on all the sectors of Pakistan’s Economy. Your rating: 0% --------100% 5. Economic Survey is a valuable source of information on Pakistan’s Economy. Your rating: 0% --------100% 6. The overall quality of the Economic Survey is: Good/Satisfactory/ Needs Improvement 7. Kindly give suggestions for improvement of Pakistan Economic Survey. PCPPI – 3877(19) Fin.Div.—25-05-2019—3000 185
502. BLANK PAGE