Indonesia Energy Consumption

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1. INDONESIA ENERGY CONSUMPTION By ; Hendris Agung Prasojo Overview Energy is essential for economic and social development; energy use and growth are strongly linked, although nationally, our energy intensity has gone down relative to Gross Domestic Brute. Limited conventional energy supplies will result in increased global competition for those supplies. There will be no ‘silver bullet’ technology or energy source. Innovative technologies will be key to both supply and environmental protection, it will to be national homework. Need for conservation, energy efficiency, and development of renewable sources. Changes in technology and infrastructure are predicted (e.g., distributed power emerging) Indonesian energy concept change from energy follow people paradigm to be people follow energy. Energy not only for state revenue but rather than to be development catalyst. Energy as the heart of economic movement should grow together with environment and social sustainability. One kind of energy that become important is electricity. Indonesia as a developing country has 88, 3% electrification ratio, most of them centralized in Java and Sumatera. The distribution of electricity ratio can show the economic development ability of each region, the east part have lower electrification ratio also have lower economic development. Problem Identification
2.     The growth of electricity demand linear with the number of population. Archipelagos geographic condition make interconnected systems unavailable. The long distance between islands would make high investment to build transmission line, only closed islands could be connected. Domination of fossil fuel for generating electricity. High price for renewable energy. - PLTU 11,82 c$/kWh (≤10 MW) - PLTS Photovoltaic 25 c$/kWh - PLT biomass petrochemical TR 22, 6 c$/kWh (≤20MW). Analysis  The government would make some road map as anticipation for the increasing demand. Government make policy breakthrough such us simplicity of permit, direct appointment and land acquisition. 1 OF5| P A G E
3.  Each region develop their energy potential (energy based on geographic availability). No Area Energy Source Coal (juta ton) Natural Gas Fuel Geothermal Water (MMSTB) (MWe) (MW) (TSCF) 1 Sumatera 104.820,13 92,73 5.669,14 13.149 5.490 2 Jawa Bali 14,21 12,57 1.651,05 9.852 66,18 BM 3 Nusa Tenggara - - - 1.380 292 4 Kalimantan 54.405,26 21,49 768,86 45 7546,7 5 Sulawesi 233,1 7,76 95,36 2.030 4.479 6 Maluku 2,13 6,31 97,75 734 312 7 Papua 153,42 24,14 121,15 50 24.974 93.059,81 164,99 8.403,31 27.510 42.853,3 Total Energy potency in Indonesia (source RUKN 2007-2027)  Reducing the role of fossil fuel and develop renewable energy. 2 OF5| P A G E
4.  Affordable price for renewable energy Energy security schema • Availability–or elements relating to geological existence. Energy productivity, LPG and fuel price, electricity price, geothermal price. • Accessibility–or geopolitical elements. LPG and fuel inventory stock, electrical power inventory, gas distribution, electricity service. • Affordability–or economical elements. Oil fuel and LPG national stock, gas and coal stock, crude oil import. • Acceptability–or environmental and societal elements. Renewable energy implementation, green gas emission, efficiency energy. • Sustainability 3 OF5| P A G E
5. Conclusion Pricing policies CO2 , fossil fuel prices, it becomes very important variable in the reduction through fuel substitution. Some effective ways to address environmental issues among others, are adopting technology that reliable with environment concept, increase energy efficiency and develop renewable energy, which is one mechanisms that can increase GDP. Premises of the growth of renewable energy industry can improve employment opportunities and economic growth. Policies that have been done by Indonesia to reduce the tendency on fossil fuels, using the concept of energy policy mix, in order to achieve economic development and sustainable energy. The energy policy mix needs to be emphasized that optimize energy use existing energy sources. Indonesia should not be dependent on fossil-based resources, but also need to develop the use of renewable energy such as hydro, geothermal, and solar power. However, the contribution from energy sources such as hydropower, geothermal, wind and solar only 10, 47% in the total final energy in 2015, this value is very low compared with other countries. The potential of renewable energy in Indonesia that have been developed such as geothermal, hydro, and solar power is its use will continue to increase until 2030 as shown above. Developing renewable energy in Indonesia cannot be driven only by consciousness. Rather it should be a profitable business sector. Unfortunately, until now the government issued a policy package has not been able to encourage the private sector to be actively involved in future projects of this. On the other hand, the use of renewable energy is not yet optimized for high production costs and exacerbated by a policy of subsidies on fossil fuels where LPG is used for cooking and fuel oil in the transport sector. Reference: 1. BPPT, Indonesia Energy Outlook 2014 2. RUKN 2014-2034 3. Sung-Lin Hsueha, Min-Ren Yanb*;Enhancing Sustainable Community Developments A Multi-criteria Evaluation Model for Energy Efficient Project Selection. 4. Retno Gumilang; energy economic course material 4 OF5| P A G E