Al Salam Bank Bahrain: Consolidated Financial Statements - 31 December 2017

Transcription

1. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 DECEMBER 2017
4. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 31 December 2017 2017 BD '000 2016 BD '000 66,351 357,778 143,803 10,324 197,380 308,093 212,148 19,192 2,771 111,325 52,431 6,448 16,835 58,410 25,971 - 131,990 358,269 182,452 28,934 213,687 252,807 188,485 12,304 37,016 122,073 51,863 17,781 10,561 27,260 25,971 19,840 1,589,260 1,681,293 154,641 597,848 283,886 2,729 79,786 47,652 - 132,032 723,439 279,609 217 91,837 49,043 11,421 1,166,542 1,287,598 20 118,881 68,796 21 21 214,093 (1,879) 76,029 14,987 214,093 (1,646) 100,213 10,705 Total equity attributable to shareholders of the Bank Non-controlling interest 303,230 607 323,365 1,534 TOTAL EQUITY 303,837 324,899 1,589,260 1,681,293 Note ASSETS Cash and balances with banks and Central Bank Sovereign Sukuk Murabaha and Wakala receivables from banks Corporate Sukuk Murabaha financing Mudaraba financing Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek Musharaka Assets under conversion Non-trading investments Investments in real estate Development properties Investment in associates Other assets Goodwill Assets classified as held-for-sale 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 TOTAL ASSETS LIABILITIES, EQUITY OF INVESTMENT ACCOUNTHOLDERS AND EQUITY LIABILITIES Murabaha and Wakala payables to banks Murabaha and Wakala payables to non-banks Current accounts Liabilities under conversion Murabaha term financing Other liabilities Liabilities relating to assets classified as held-for-sale 11 18 19 TOTAL LIABILITIES EQUITY OF INVESTMENT ACCOUNTHOLDERS EQUITY Share capital Treasury stock Reserves and retained earnings Proposed appropriations TOTAL LIABILITIES, EQUITY OF INVESTMENT ACCOUNTHOLDERS AND EQUITY ________________________________ Sh. Hessa Bint Khalifa Al Khalifa Chairperson of the Board ____________________________ Yousif A. Taqi Director & Group Chief Executive Officer _______________________________________________________________________________________________ The attached notes 1 to 44 form part of these consolidated financial statements. 4
5. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT Year ended 31 December 2017 Note 2017 BD '000 2016 BD '000 43,688 16,724 6,506 1,745 (941) 669 1,177 12,459 38,850 15,930 15,153 1,819 2,477 891 2,146 7,929 82,027 85,195 (1,831) (15,476) (2,411) (1,910) (18,046) (2,120) OPERATING INCOME Income from financing contracts Income from Sukuk Gain on sale of investments and Sukuk - net Income from investments Fair value changes on investments Dividend income Foreign exchange gain Fees, commission and other income - net 24 25 26 27 Profit on Murabaha and Wakala payables to banks Profit on Wakala payables to non-banks Profit on Murabaha term financing Return on equity of investment accountholders before Group's share as a Mudarib 20 (230) (216) Group's share as a Mudarib 20 111 97 (119) (119) Total operating income 62,190 63,000 Staff cost Premises and equipment cost Depreciation Other operating expenses 11,528 1,675 1,509 9,553 11,523 2,021 3,060 9,454 Total operating expenses 24,265 26,058 37,925 (20,656) 786 36,942 (21,573) 727 18,055 16,096 18,099 (44) 16,219 (123) 18,055 16,096 2,125,147 2,140,820 8.5 7.6 OPERATING EXPENSES PROFIT BEFORE PROVISIONS AND RESULTS OF ASSOCIATES Net allowance for credit losses / impairment Share of profit from associates 10 15 Net profit for the year ATTRIBUTABLE TO: - Shareholders of the Bank - Non-controlling interest Weighted average number of shares (in '000) Basic and diluted earnings per share (fils) ______________________________ Sh. Hessa Bint Khalifa Al Khalifa Chairperson of the Board 23 ________________________________ Yousif A. Taqi Director & Group Chief Executive Officer The attached notes 1 to 44 form part of these consolidated financial statements. 5
6. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS Year ended 31 December 2017 2017 BD '000 2,016 BD '000 Net profit for the year Adjustments: Depreciation Amortisation of premium on Sukuk - net Fair value changes on investments Gain on sale of investments and Sukuk -net Net allowance for credit losses / impairment Share of profit from associates 18,055 16,096 1,509 1,179 941 (6,506) 20,656 (786) 3,060 1,630 (2,441) 21,573 (727) Operating income before changes in operating assets and liabilities 35,048 39,191 Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Mandatory reserve with Central Bank Murabaha financing Mudaraba financing Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek Musharaka Assets under conversion Other assets Assets and liabilities classified as held-for-sale Murabaha and Wakala payables to banks Wakala from non-banks Current accounts Liabilities under conversion Other liabilities (2,710) 1,873 (76,699) (26,535) (7,087) 10,575 (15,121) 22,609 (125,591) 4,277 2,512 (1,769) 2,727 3,756 (4,774) (32,893) (5,150) (3,620) 16,665 (8,419) 11,237 (119,131) 46,062 (2,110) 248 Net cash used in operating activities (178,618) (56,211) Net cash flow arising on acquisition of a subsidiary Cash paid on acquisition of a subsidiary Sovereign Sukuk Corporate Sukuk Non-trading investments Investments in real estate Development properties Investment in associates Purchase of premises and equipment Net movements in non-controlling interest Sale of subsidiaries (638) 18,557 14,857 11,333 (6,240) (699) 7,275 8,723 (726) (8,994) 21,107 807 16,904 31,240 (1,664) 120 - Net cash from investing activities 44,445 67,517 30,200 50,085 (10,626) (233) (42,251) 56,390 6,445 (10,705) (1,646) (539) 27,175 49,945 (106,998) 284,928 61,251 223,677 177,930 284,928 8,509 25,618 72,356 30,120 143,803 182,452 177,930 284,928 Note OPERATING ACTIVITIES INVESTING ACTIVITIES FINANCING ACTIVITIES Murabaha term financing Equity of investment accountholders Dividends paid Purchase of treasury stock Murabaha term financing paid Net cash from financing activities NET CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS Cash and cash equivalents at 1 January CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT 31 DECEMBER Cash and cash equivalents comprise of: Cash and other balances with Central Bank of Bahrain Balances with other banks Murabaha and Wakala receivables from banks with original maturities of less than 90 days 4 4 The attached notes 1 to 44 form part of these consolidated financial statements. 6
7. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY Year ended 31 December 2017 Amounts in BD '000s Attributable to shareholders of the Bank Reserves Share capital Treasury stock Statutory reserve Retained earnings Changes in fair value Balance as of 1 January 2017 Transition adjustment on adoption of FAS 30 as of 1 January 2017 (Note. 2.3.1) 214,093 (1,646) 15,338 50,695 445 Restated balance as of 1 January 2017 214,093 Net profit for the year Net changes in fair value Foreign currency re-translation Dividend paid Disposal of subsidiaries Proposed dividend for the year 2017 Purchase of treasury stock Movements in non-controlling interest Transfer to statutory reserve - - Balance at 31 December 2017 214,093 Balance as of 1 January 2016 Net profit for the year Net changes in fair value Foreign currency re-translation Dividend paid Proposed dividend for the year 2016 Purchase of treasury stock Movements in non-controlling interest due to ASBS acquisition Transfer to statutory reserve 214,093 Balance at 31 December 2016 214,093 `The - - (26,759) (1,646) 15,338 23,936 445 - - 18,099 79 - (246) - (233) - 1,810 (14,987) (1,810) (1,879) 17,148 25,317 Real estate fair value reserve Foreign exchange translation reserve Share premium reserve Total reserves Proposed appropriations Total Owners' Equity Noncontrolling interest Group Total equity 24,234 (2,708) 12,209 100,213 10,705 323,365 1,534 324,899 - - - - (26,759) - (26,759) 24,234 (2,708) 12,209 73,454 10,705 296,606 - 18,099 322 (211) 79 (727) (10,705) - 568 (727) - (211) - 18,099 322 (211) (10,626) (727) (233) - (12) 1,522 (44) (12) (871) 18,055 322 (211) (10,638) (1,598) - - - (14,987) - 14,987 - 199 24,075 (2,919) 12,209 76,029 14,987 303,230 607 303,837 (148) 593 - 24,253 (19) - (2,693) (15) - 12,209 10,705 (10,705) 318,938 1,064 320,002 - 94,140 16,219 574 (15) - - 13,716 - - - 46,803 16,219 - - (1,646) - (10,705) - - - - - (10,705) - 10,705 - (1,646) - - 1,622 (1,622) - - - - - - - (1,646) 15,338 50,695 445 24,234 (2,708) 12,209 attached notes 1 to 44 form part of these consolidated financial statements. 7 - 100,213 10,705 - (26,771) 298,128 12 - (233) 12 - 16,219 574 (123) - 16,096 574 (15) (10,705) 11 - (4) (10,705) 323,365 - (1,646) 582 - 582 - 1,534 324,899
8. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 1 INCORPORATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B.S.C. ("the Bank") was incorporated in the Kingdom of Bahrain under the Bahrain Commercial Companies Law No. 21/2001 and is registered with Ministry of Industry, Commerce and Tourism ("MOICT") under Commercial Registration Number 59308 on 19 January 2006. The Bank is regulated and supervised by the Central Bank of Bahrain ("the CBB") and has an Islamic retail banking license and operates under Islamic principles in accordance with all the relevant regulatory guidelines for Islamic banks issued by the CBB. The Bank's registered office is P.O. Box 18282, Bahrain World Trade Center, East Tower, King Faisal Highway, Manama 316, Kingdom of Bahrain. On 30 March 2014, the Bank acquired 100% stake in BMI Bank B.S.C.(c) ("BMI"), a closed shareholding company in the Kingdom of Bahrain, through exchange of shares. During January 2015, the Shari'a Supervisory Board approved BMI Bank to be an Islamic bank effective 1 January 2015. On 29 November 2016, the shareholders of BMI resolved to approve the transfer of the operations of BMI to the Bank. The transfer of business was approved by the CBB on 17 April 2017 which was subsequently published in the official gazette dated 20 April 2017. The Bank has transferred majority of the BMI's rights and assumed all of it's obligations at their respective carrying values. During 2016, the Bank acquired 70% stake in Al Salam Bank Seychelles Limited ("ASBS"). The Bank and its principal subsidiary operates through 10 branches in the Kingdom of Bahrain and Seychelles and offer a full range of Shari'a-compliant banking services and products. The activities of the Bank includes managing profit sharing investment accounts, offering Islamic financing contracts, dealing in Shari'a-compliant financial contracts as principal / agent, managing Shari'a-compliant financial contracts and other activities permitted for under the CBB's Regulated Islamic Banking Services as defined in the licensing framework. The Bank's ordinary shares are listed in Bahrain Bourse and Dubai Financial Market. In addition to ASBS, the other subsidiaries of the Bank are as follows: Holding Name of entity Al Salam Leasing Two Ltd ("ASL II") Auslog Holding Trust Nature of entity Aircraft under lease Investment in real estate 2017 - 2016 76% 90% The Bank together with its subsidiaries is referred to as "the Group". These consolidated financial statements have been authorised for issue in accordance with a resolution of the Board of Directors dated 13 February 2018. 2 ACCOUNTING POLICIES 2.1 BASIS OF PREPARATION The consolidated financial statements are prepared on a historical cost basis, except for investments held at fair value through profit or loss, fair value through equity and investments in real estates which are held at fair value. These consolidated financial statements incorporate all assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet financial contracts held by the Group. These consolidated financial statements are presented in Bahraini Dinars, being the functional and presentation currency of the Group, rounded to the nearest thousand [BD '000], except where otherwise indicated. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 8
9. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 2 ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 2.1 BASIS OF PREPARATION (continued) 2.1.a Statement of compliance The consolidated financial statements of the Group are prepared in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards (FAS) issued by the Accounting and Auditing Organisation for Islamic Financial Institutions ("AAOIFI"), the Islamic Sharia' rules and Principles as determined by the Sharia' Supervisory Board of the Group and in conformity with the Bahrain Commercial Companies Law, the guidelines of CBB and Financial Institutions Law. The matters for which no AAOIFI standards exist, the Group uses the relevant applicable International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS") as issued by International Accounting Standard Board ("IASB"). The Group presents its consolidated statement of financial position broadly in order of liquidity. An analysis regarding recovery or settlement within twelve months after the consolidated statement of financial position date (current) and more than twelve months after the consolidated statement of financial position date (non-current) is presented in Note 34. 2.1.b Basis of consolidation The consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of the Bank and its subsidiaries as at 31 December 2017. The financial statements of the subsidiaries are prepared for the same reporting year using consistent accounting policies of the Bank. All intra-group balances, transactions, income and expenses and unrealised gains and losses resulting from intra-group transactions are eliminated in full. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group and continue to be consolidated until the date when such control ceases. Control is achieved where the Group has the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity with the objective of obtaining benefits from its operations. The results of subsidiaries acquired or disposed off during the year, if any, are included in the consolidated income statement from the date of acquisition or up to the date of disposal, as appropriate. Share of minority stakeholders' interest (non-controlling interest) represents the portion of profit or loss and net assets not held by the Group and are presented separately in the consolidated income statement and within equity in the consolidated statement of financial position, separately from the equity attributable to shareholders of the Bank. 2.2 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING JUDGMENTS AND ESTIMATES The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to make judgments and estimates that affect the reported amount of financial assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities. These judgments and estimates also affect the revenues and expenses and the resultant allowance for losses as well as fair value changes reported in equity. Estimation uncertainty The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimating uncertainty at the date of the consolidated statement of financial position, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are discussed below: Impairment of goodwill Impairment exists when carrying value of an asset or cash generating unit (CGU) exceeds its recoverable amount, which is the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. The recoverable amount of each cash-generating unit’s goodwill is based on value-in-use calculations using cash flow projections from financial budgets approved by the Board of Directors, extrapolated for five years projection using nominal projected growth rate. The determination of projected growth rate and discount rate involves judgment whereas, preparation of cash flow projections requires various management assumptions. The methodology and assumptions used for estimating future cash flows are reviewed regularly to reduce any differences between loss estimates based on the actual loss experience. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 9
10. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 2 ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 2.2 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING JUDGMENTS AND ESTIMATES (continued) Estimation uncertainty (continued) Impairment of fair value through equity investments The Group treats fair value through equity investments as impaired when there has been a significant or prolonged decline in the fair value below its cost or where other objective evidence of impairment exists. The determination of significant or prolonged decline and other objective evidence involves judgment. In addition, the Group evaluates other factors, including normal volatility in share price for quoted equities, the future cash flows and the present value calculation factors for unquoted equities. Valuation of unquoted private equity and real estate investments Valuation of above investments involve judgment and is normally based on one of the following: • • • • • valuation by independent external valuers; recent arm’s length market transactions; current fair value of another contract that is substantially similar; present value of expected cash flows at current rates applicable for items with similar terms and risk characteristics; or application of other valuation models. The Group calibrates the valuation techniques periodically and tests these for validity using either prices from observable current market transactions in the same contract or other available observable market data. Judgments Going concern The management has made an assessment of the Group's ability to continue on a going concern and is satisfied that the Group has the resources to continue in business for the foreseeable future. Furthermore, the management is not aware of any material uncertainties that may cast significant doubt upon the Group's ability to continue as a going concern. Therefore, the consolidated financial statements continue to be prepared on the going concern basis. Control over special purpose entities The Group sponsors the formation of special purpose entities (SPEs) primarily for the purpose of allowing clients to hold investments. The Group does not consolidate SPEs that it does not have the power to control. In determining whether the Group has the power to control an SPE, judgments are made about the objectives of the SPEs activities, and Group's exposures to the risk and rewards, as well as its ability to make operational decisions of the SPEs. Classification of investments Management decides upon acquisition of an investment whether it should be classified as fair value through profit or loss or fair value through equity. Impairment assessment of financial contracts - policy applicable from 1 January 2017 In determining impairment on receivables, judgment is required in the estimation of the amount and timing of future cash flows as well as an assessment of whether credit risk on the financial contract has increased significantly since initial recognition and incorporation of forward-looking information in the measurement of expected credit losses ("ECL"). Refer to note 2.3.2 (b) for further details. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 10
11. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 2 ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 2.3 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 2.3.1 Early adoption of FAS 30 - Impairment, Credit Losses and Onerous Commitments ("FAS 30") The Group has early adopted FAS 30, effective from 1 January 2017 which has a mandatory date of initial application of 1 January 2020. The requirements of FAS 30 represent a significant change from FAS 11 "Provisions and Reserves". As permitted by FAS 30, the standard has been applied retrospectively and the comparative amounts have not been restated. The impact of the early adoption of FAS 30 has been recognised in retained earnings in the consolidated statment of changes in equity. The standard eliminates the use of the existing FAS 11 incurred loss impairment model approach. Transition Changes in accounting policies resulting from the adoption of FAS 30 have been applied retrospectively, except comparative periods which have not been restated. Differences in the carrying amounts of financial assets and financial liabilities resulting from the adoption of FAS 30 are recognised in retained earnings and reserves as at 1 January 2017. Accordingly, the information presented for 2016 does not reflect the requirements of FAS 30 and therefore is not comparable to the information presented for 2017 under FAS 30. Impact of adopting FAS 30 Following is the impact of early adoption of FAS 30: Retained earnings Non-controlling interest Murabaha and Wakala receivables from banks Murabaha financing Mudaraba financing Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek Musharaka Assets under conversion Investment in associates Other assets Other liabilities Balance 31 December 2016 BD '000 Transition adjustment BD '000 Restated balance 1 January 2017 BD '000 50,695 (26,759) 23,936 1,534 182,452 213,687 252,807 188,485 12,304 37,016 10,561 27,260 49,043 (12) (4) (14,636) (4,742) (4,151) (91) (44) (541) (891) (1,647) 1,522 182,448 199,051 248,065 184,334 12,213 36,972 10,020 26,369 50,690 The key changes to the Group’s accounting policies resulting from its adoption of FAS 30 are summarized in note 2.3.2 (b). _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 11
12. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 2 ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 2.3 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 2.3.2 Summary of significant accounting policies a) Financial contracts Financial contracts consist of balances with banks and the Central Bank, Sovereign Sukuk, Corporate Sukuk, Murabaha financing (net of deferred profits), Mudaraba financing, Musharaka, Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek, asset under conversion and other assets. Balances relating to these contracts are stated net of allowance for credit losses. b) Impairment assessment (policy applicable from 1st January 2017) Impairment of financial assets FAS 30 replaces the ‘incurred loss’ model in FAS 11 with ECL model. The new impairment model also applies to certain financing commitments and financial guarantee contracts but not to equity investments. The Group applies three-stage approach to measure ECL on financial assets carried at amortised cost. Assets migrate through the following three stages based on the change in credit quality since initial recognition. Stage 1: twelve months ECL For exposures where there has not been a Significant Increase in Credit Risk ("SICR"), since initial recognition, a portion of the lifetime ECL associated with the probability of default events occurring within next twelve months is recognised. Twelve-month ECL (Stage 1) is the portion of ECL that results from probable default events on a financial contract within twelve months after the reporting date. Stage 2: Lifetime ECL – not credit impaired For credit exposures where there has been a SICR since initial recognition but that are not credit impaired, a lifetime ECL is recognised. Lifetime ECL (Stage 2) is a probability-weighted estimate of credit losses and is determined based on the difference between the present value of all cash shortfalls. The cash shortfall is the difference between all contractual cash flows that are due to the Group and the present value of the recoverable amount, for financial assets that are not creditimpaired at the reporting date. Stage 3: Lifetime ECL – credit impaired Financial contracts are assessed as credit impaired when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of that asset have occurred. For Stage 3 financial contracts, the provisions for credit-impairment are determined based on the difference between the net carrying amount and the recoverable amount of the financial contract. As this uses the same criteria as under FAS 11, the Group methodology for specific allowance for credit losses remains largely unchanged. Credit-impaired financial assets At each reporting date, the Group assesses whether financial assets carried at amortised cost are credit-impaired. Evidence that a financial asset is credit-impaired includes the following observable data: - significant financial difficulty of the borrower or issuer; - a breach of contract such as a default or past due event; - probability that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganization; or - the restructuring of a facility by the Group on terms that the Group would not consider otherwise. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 12
13. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 2 ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 2.3 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 2.3.2 Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) b) Impairment assessment (policy applicable from 1st January 2017) (continued) Measurement of ECL The key inputs into the measurement of ECL are the following variables: - Probability of Default (PD); - Loss Given Default (LGD); and - Exposure At Default (EAD). These parameters are generally derived from internally developed models and other historical data. These are adjusted to reflect forward-looking information as described below. Definition of default The Group considers a financial asset to be in default when the borrower is unlikely to pay its credit obligations to the Group in full, without recourse by the Group to actions such as liquidating collateral; or the borrower is past due more than 90 days or any credit obligation to the Group. In assessing whether a borrower is in default, the Group considers both qualitative factors such as breaches of covenants and quantitative factors such as overdue status and non-payment on another obligation of the same issuer to the Group. Probability of default Credit risk grades are a primary input into the determination of the term structure of PD for exposures. The Group collects performance and default information about its credit risk exposures analysed by credit risk grading for corporate and days-past-due for retail portfolio. The Group employs statistical models for analysing the data collected and generate estimates of PD of exposures and how these are expected to change as a result of the passage of time. This analysis includes the identification and calibration of relationships between changes in default rates and changes in key macro-economic factors, across various geographies in which the Bank has taken exposures. For most exposures, the key macro-economic indicators include gross domestic product (GDP) growth, real interest rates, unemployment, domestic credit growth, oil prices, central government revenue as a percentage to GDP and central government expenditure as a percentage to GDP. Incorporation of forward - looking information The Group employs statistical models to incorporate macro-economic factors on historical default rates. In case none of the macro-economic parameters are statistically significant or the results of forecasted PDs are significantly deviated from the present forecast for the economic conditions, quantitative PD overlay shall be used by the management after analyzing the portfolio as per the diagnostic tool. Incorporating forward-looking information increases the level of judgment as to how changes in these macroeconomic factors will affect the ECL applicable to the stage 1 and stage 2 exposures which are considered as performing (Stage 3 are the exposures under default category). The methodologies and assumptions involved, including any forecasts of future economic conditions, are reviewed periodically. Loss Given Default LGD is the magnitude of the likely loss if there is a default. The Group estimates LGD parameters based on the history of recovery rates of claims against defaulted counterparties, based on historical data using both internal and external factors. The LGD is estimated using below factors: Cure Rate: Defined as the ratio of accounts which have fallen to default and have managed to move backward to the performing accounts. Recovery Rate: Defined as the ratio of liquidation value to market value of the underlying collateral at the time of default would also account for expected recovery rate from a general claim on the individual’s assets for the unsecured portion of the exposure. Discounting Rate: Defined as the opportunity cost of the recovery value not being realized on the day of default adjusted for time value. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 13
14. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 2 ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 2.3 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 2.3.2 Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) b) Impairment Assessment (policy applicable from 1st January 2017) (continued) Exposure At Default EAD represents the expected exposure in the event of a default. The Group derives the EAD from the current exposure to the counterparty and potential changes to the current amounts allowed under the contract including amortisation. The EAD of a financial asset is its gross carrying amount. For financing commitments and financial guarantees, the EAD is converted to consolidated statement of financial position equivalents. Significant Increase in Credit Risk When determining whether the risk of default on a financial contracts has increased significantly since initial recognition, the Group considers reasonable and supportable information that is relevant and available without undue cost or effort. This includes both quantitative and qualitative information and analysis, based on the Group’s historical experience and expert credit assessment including forward-looking information. The criteria for determining whether credit risk has increased significantly vary on a portfolio level and include quantitative and qualitative factors, including days past due and risk rating. Renegotiated financial assets The contractual terms of a financing may be modified for a number of reasons including changing market conditions, and other factors not related to the current or potential credit deterioration of a customer. When the terms of a financial asset are modified and the modification does not result in a derecognition, the determination of whether the asset’s credit risk has increased significantly reflects a comparison of its remaining lifetime PD at the reporting date based on modified terms, with the remaining lifetime PD estimated based on data at initial recognition and the original contractual terms. The Group renegotiates financing to customers in financial difficulties to maximize collection opportunities and minimize the risk of default. This may involve extending the payment arrangements and documenting the agreement of new conditions for providing finance. Management continuously reviews renegotiated facilities to ensure that all criteria are met and that future payments are likely to occur. The accounts which are performing prior to restructuring but restructured due to financial difficulty are categorised under stage 2. The accounts that are non-performing or meet any criteria for classifying as non-performing (prior to restructuring), then such restructured accounts are categorized under stage 3. Backward transition FAS 30 staging model is of symmetrical nature as exposures may migrate from lifetime ECL measurement (Stage 2 and Stage 3) to 12 month ECL measurement (Stage 1). However, movement across stages are not immediate once SICR indicators are no longer triggered. Once such indicators are no longer triggered, movement back to Stage 1 or Stage 2 has to be calibrated and cannot be automatic or immediate. Certain criteria like cooling off period, SICR indicators and payment history are considered for migrating customers to Stage 2 or Stage 1. Credit Conversion Factor The estimation of EAD takes into account any unexpected changes in the exposure after the assessment date, including expected drawdowns on committed facilities through the application of a credit conversion factor (CCF). The EAD is estimated using the outstanding exposure adjusted by CCF times undrawn portion of the facilities. The outstanding exposure is calculated as principal plus profit less expected prepayments. The undrawn portion refers to the portion of the unutilized credit limit. CCF applied to the facilities would be the higher of average behavioral utilization over the last five years or capital charge. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 14
15. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 2 ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 2.3 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 2.3.2 Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) b) Impairment Assessment (policy applicable from 1st January 2017) (continued) Write-offs Financing securities are written-off (either partially or in full) when there is no realistic prospect of recovery. This is generally the case when the Group determines that the borrower does not have assets or sources of income that could generate sufficient cash flows to repay the amounts subject to the write-off. However, financial assets that are writtenoff could still be subject to enforcement activities in order to comply with the Group’s procedures for recovery of amounts due. Presentation of allowance for credit losses in the consolidated statement of financial position Allowance for credit losses are presented in the consolidated statement of financial position as follows: - financial assets measured at amortised cost, as a deduction from the gross carrying amount of the assets; - financing commitments and financial guarantee contracts: generally as a provision; and - where a financial contract includes both a drawn and undrawn component, and the Group has identified the ECL on the financing commitments / off-balance sheet component separately from those on the drawn component, the Group presents allowance for credit losses for drawn components. The amount is presented as a deduction from the gross carrying amount of the drawn component. Allowance for credit losses for the undrawn component is presented as a provision in other liabilities. c) Impairment and uncollectability of financial assets (applicable up to 31st December 2016) An assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is objective evidence that a specific financial asset may be impaired. If such evidence exists, impairment loss, if any, is recognised in the consolidated income statement. Impairment is determined as follows: (i) for assets carried at amortised cost, impairment is based on estimated cash flows based on the original effective profit rate; (ii) for assets carried at fair value, impairment is the difference between cost and fair value; and (iii) for assets carried at cost, impairment is based on present value of anticipated cash flows based on the current market rate of return for a similar financial asset. For fair value through equity investments, reversal of impairment losses are recorded as increases in cumulative changes in fair value through equity. d) Sovereign Sukuk and Corporate Sukuk These are quoted / unquoted securities and are classified as investments carried at amortised cost. e) Murabaha financing Murabaha is a contract whereby one party ("Seller") sells an asset to the other party ("Purchaser") at cost plus profit and on a deferred payment basis, after the Seller has purchased the asset based on the Purchaser’s promise to purchase the same on such Murabaha basis. The sale price comprises the cost of the asset and an agreed profit margin. The sale price (cost plus the profit amount) is paid by the Purchaser to the Seller on installment basis over the agreed finance tenure. Under the Murabaha contract, the Group may act either as a Seller or a Purchaser, as the case may be. The Group considers the promise to purchase made by the Purchaser in a Murabaha transaction in favor of the Seller to be binding. Murabaha receivables are stated at cost, net of deferred profits and / or allowance for credit losses, if any, and amounts settled. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 15
16. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 2 ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 2.3 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 2.3.2 Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) f) Mudaraba financing Mudaraba is a contract between two parties whereby one party is a fund provider (Rab Al Mal) who would provide certain amount of funds (Mudaraba Capital), to the other party (Mudarib). Mudarib would then invest the Mudaraba Capital in a specific enterprise or activity deploying its experience and expertise for a specific pre-agreed share in the resultant profit. The Rab Al Mal is not involved in the management of the Mudaraba activity. The Mudarib would bear the loss in case of its default, negligence or violation of any of the terms and conditions of the Mudaraba contract; otherwise the loss would be borne by the Rab Al Mal. Under the Mudaraba contract, the Group may act either as Mudarib or as Rab Al Mal, as the case may be. Mudaraba financing are recognised at fair value of the Mudaraba assets net of allowance for credit losses, if any, and Mudaraba Capital amounts settled. If the valuation of the Mudaraba assets results in difference between fair value and book value, such difference is recognised as profit or loss to the Group. g) Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek Ijara Muntahia Bittamleek is an agreement whereby the Group ("Lessor") leases an asset to the customer ("Lessee") after purchasing / acquiring a specified asset, either from a third party seller or from the customer, according to the customer’s request and promise to lease against certain rental payments for a specific lease term / periods, payable on fixed or variable rental basis. The Ijara agreement specifies the leased asset, duration of the lease term, as well as, the basis for rental calculation, the timing of rental payment and responsibilities of both parties during the lease term. The Lessee provides the Lessor with an undertaking to renew the lease periods and pay the relevant rental payment amounts as per the agreed schedule throughout the lease term. The Lessor retains the ownership of the assets throughout the lease term. At the end of the lease term, upon fulfillment of all the obligations by the Lessee under the Ijara agreement, the Lessor will sell the leased asset to the Lessee for a nominal value based on sale undertaking given by the Lessor. Leased assets are usually in the type of residential properties, commercial real estate or aircrafts. Depreciation is provided on a systematic basis on all Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek assets other than land (which is deemed to have an indefinite useful life), at rates calculated to write off the cost of each asset over the shorter of either the lease term or economic life of the asset. h) Musharaka Musharaka is used to provide venture capital or project finance. The Group and customer contribute towards the capital of the Musharaka. Usually a special purpose company or a partnership is established to undertake the Musharaka. Profits are shared according to a pre-agreed profit distribution ratio but losses are borne by the partners according to the capital contributions of each partner. Capital contributions may be in cash or in kind, as valued at the time of entering into the Musharaka. Musharaka is stated at cost, less any allowance for credit losses. i) Assets and liabilities under conversion Assets under conversion: Loans and advances At amortised cost less any amounts written off and allowance for credit losses, if any. Non-trading investments These are classified as fair value through equity investments and are fair valued based on criteria set out in note 2.3.2 (b). Any changes in fair values subsequent to acquisition date are recognised in total comprehensive income (note 28). Liabilities under conversion: These are remeasured at amortised cost. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 16
17. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 2 ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 2.3 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 2.3.2 Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) j) Non-trading investments These are classified as fair value through equity or fair value through profit or loss investments. All investments are initially recognised at cost, being the fair value of the consideration given including acquisition costs associated with the investment. Acquisition cost relating to investments designated as fair value through profit or loss is charged to consolidated income statement. Following the initial recognition of investments, the subsequent reporting values are determined as follows: Fair value through equity investments After initial recognition, equity investments which are classified as investments at fair value through equity are normally remeasured at fair value, unless the fair value cannot be reliably determined, in which case they are measured at cost less impairment, if any. Fair value changes are reported in equity until the investment is derecognised or the investment is determined to be impaired. On derecognition or impairment, the cumulative gain or loss previously reported as “changes in fair value” within equity, is included in the consolidated income statement. Impairment losses on fair value through equity investments are not reversed through the consolidated income statement and increases in their fair value after impairment are recognised directly in owners' equity. Fair value through profit or loss investments Investments in this category are designated as such on initial recognition if these investments are evaluated on a fair value basis in accordance with the Group's risk management policy and its investment strategy. These include all private equity investments including those in joint ventures and associates which are not strategic in nature. Investments at fair value through profit or loss are recorded in the consolidated statement of financial position at fair value. Changes in fair value are recorded as "fair value changes on investments" in the consolidated income statement. Gain on sale of these investments is included in "gain on sale of investments and Sukuk" in the consolidated income statement. Income earned on these investments is included in "income from investments" in the consolidated income statement. k) Investments in associates The Group's investments in associates, that are acquired for strategic purposes, are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. Other equity investments in associates are accounted for as fair value through profit or loss by availing the scope exemption under FAS 24, Investments in Associates. An associate is an entity over which the Group has significant influence and which is neither a subsidiary nor a joint venture. An entity is considered as an associate if the Group has more than 20% ownership of the entity or the Group has significant influence through any other manner. Under the equity method, investment in associate is carried in the consolidated statement of financial position at cost plus post-acquisition changes in the Group's share of net assets of the associates. Losses in excess of the cost of the investment in associates are recognised when the Group has incurred obligations on its behalf. Goodwill relating to an associate is included in the carrying amount of the investment and is not amortised. The consolidated income statement reflects the Group's share of results of operations of the associates. Where there has been a change recognised directly in the equity of the associate, the Group recognises its share of any changes and discloses this, when applicable, in the consolidated statement of changes in equity. The reporting dates of the Group's associates are identical with the Group and the associates accounting policy conform to those used by the Group for like transactions and events in similar transactions. After application of the equity method, the Group determines whether it is necessary to recognise an additional impairment loss on its investment in associates. The Group determines at each reporting date whether there is any objective evidence that the investment in associates are impaired. If this is the case, the Group calculates the amount of impairment as the difference between the recoverable amount of the associate and its carrying value and recognises the amount in the consolidated income statement. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 17
18. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 2 ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 2.3 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 2.3.2 Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) k) Investments in associates (continued) Profit and losses resulting from transactions between the Group and the associates are eliminated to the extent of the interest in associates. Foreign exchange translation gains / losses arising out of the above investment in the associates are included in the consolidated statement of changes in equity. l) Investments in real estate Properties held for rental, or for capital appreciation purposes, or both, are classified as investments in real estate. The investment in real estate is initially recognised at cost and subsequently measured based on intention whether the investments in real estate is held-for-use or held-for-sale. The Group has adopted the fair value model for its investments in real estate. Under the fair value model, any unrealized gains are recognised directly in owners’ equity. Any unrealized losses are adjusted in equity to the extent of the available credit balance. Where unrealized losses exceed the available balance in owners’ equity, these are recognised in the consolidated income statement. In case there are unrealized losses relating to investments in real estate that have been recognised in the consolidated income statement in a previous financial period, the unrealized gains relating to the current financial period is recognised to the extent of crediting back such previous losses in the consolidated income statement. Investments in real estate heldfor-sale is carried at lower of its carrying value and expected fair value less costs to sell. Investments in real estate carried at fair value shall continue to be measured at fair value. m) Development properties Properties acquired exclusively for development are classified as development properties and are measured at the lower of cost or net realisable value. n) Premises and equipment Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and any impairment in value. Depreciation is changed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of all premises and equipment, other than freehold land and capital work-in-progress. - Computer hardware Computer software Furniture and office equipment Motor vehicle Leasehold improvements 3 to 5 years 3 to 5 years 3 to 5 years 4 to 5 years Over the lease period o) Subsidiaries acquired with a view to sell A subsidiary acquired with a view to subsequent disposal within twelve months is classified as "held-for-sale" when the sale is highly probable. Related assets and liabilities of the subsidiary are shown separately on the consolidated statement of financial position as "assets held-for-sale" and "liabilities relating to assets classified as held-for-sale" respectively. Assets that are classified as held-for-sale are measured at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. Any resulting impairment loss reduces the carrying amount of the assets. Assets that are classified as heldfor-sale are not depreciated. p) Business combinations and goodwill Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the consideration transferred measured at acquisition date fair value and the amount of any noncontrolling interests in the acquiree. For each business combination, the Group elects whether to measure the noncontrolling interests in the acquiree at fair value or at the proportionate share of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets. In a business combination achieved in stages, the group remeasures its previously held equity interest in the acquiree at its acquisition date fair value and recognises the resulting gain or loss, if any, in the consolidated income statement or total comprehensive income as appropriate. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 18
19. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 2 ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 2.3 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 2.3.2 Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) p) Business combinations and goodwill (continued) When the Group acquires a business, it assesses the financial assets and liabilities assumed for appropriate classification and designation in accordance with the contractual terms, economic circumstances and pertinent conditions as at the acquisition date. In a business combination in which the Bank and the acquiree exchange only equity interests, the acquisition-date fair value of the acquiree's equity interests is used to determine the amount of goodwill. Investments acquired but do not meet the definition of business combination are recorded as financing assets or investment in properties as appropriate. When such investments are acquired, the Group allocates the cost of acquisition between the individual identifiable assets and liabilities based on their relative fair values at the date of acquisition. Cost of such assets is the sum of all consideration given and any non-controlling interest recognised. If the non-controlling interest has a present ownership interest and is entitled to a proportionate share of net assets upon liquidation, the Group recognises the non-controlling interest at its proportionate share of net assets. Goodwill is initially measured at cost, being the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred and the amount recognised for non-controlling interests, and any previous interest held, over the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. If the fair value of the net assets acquired is in excess of the aggregate consideration transferred, the Group re-assesses whether it has correctly identified all of the assets acquired and all of the liabilities assumed and reviews the procedures used to measure the amounts to be recognised at the acquisition date. If the reassessment still results in an excess of the fair value of net assets acquired over the aggregate consideration transferred, then the gain is recognised in consolidated income statement. After initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually. Any impairment is recognised immediately in the consolidated income statement. Goodwill is allocated to each of the Group’s cash-generating units (CGU) that are expected to benefit from the combination, irrespective of whether other assets or liabilities of the acquiree are assigned to those units. Impairment exists when carrying value of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount, which is the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. Impairment of goodwill is determined by assessing the recoverable amount of the CGU (or group of CGUs), to which the goodwill relates. Where the recoverable amount of the CGU (or group of CGUs) is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognised immediately in the consolidated income statement. For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill acquired in a business combination is, from the acquisition date, allocated to each of the Group’s CGU, or groups of CGUs, that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination, irrespective of whether other assets or liabilities of the Group are assigned to those units or groups of units. Each unit or group of units to which the goodwill is allocated: - represents the lowest level within the Group at which the goodwill is monitored for internal management purposes; and is / are not larger than a segment based on either the Group’s primary or the Group’s geographic segment reporting format. q) Offsetting Financial assets and financial liabilities can only be offset with the net amount being reported in the consolidated statement of financial position when there is a religious or legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and the Group intends to either settle on a net basis, or intends to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. r) Provisions Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present obligation (legal or constructive) arising from a past event and the costs to settle the obligation are both probable and able to be reliably measured. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 19
20. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 2 ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 2.3 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 2.3.2 Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) s) Employees’ end-of-service benefits The Group provides end of service benefits to its expatriate employees. Entitlement to these benefits is based upon the employees’ final salary and length of service, subject to completion of a minimum service period. The expected costs of these benefits are accrued over the period of employment. For Bahraini employees, the Group makes contributions to Social Insurance Organisation calculated as a certain percentage of the employees’ salaries. The Group’s obligations are limited to these contributions, which are expensed when due. t) Revenue recognition Murabaha and Wakala receivables As the income is quantifiable and contractually determined at the commencement of the contract, income is recognised on a straight-line basis over the deferred period. Recognition of income is suspended when the Group believes that the recovery of these amounts may be doubtful or when the payments of Murabaha installments are overdue by 90 days, whichever is earlier. Sukuk Income on Sukuk is recognised on a time-proportionate basis based on underlying rate of return of the respective type of Sukuk. Recognition of income is suspended when the Group believes that the recovery of these amounts may be doubtful or when the payments are overdue by 90 days, whichever is earlier. Mudaraba Income on Mudaraba transactions are recognised when the right to receive payment is established or these are declared by the Mudarib, whichever is earlier. In case of losses in Mudaraba, the Group's share of loss is recognised to the extent that such losses are being deducted from its share of the Mudaraba Capital. Dividend Dividend income is recognised when the Group's right to receive the dividend is established. Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek income is recognised on a time-proportionate basis over the lease term. Income related to non-performing Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek is suspended. Accrual of income is suspended when the Group believes that the recovery of these amounts may be doubtful or normally when the rental payments are overdue by 90 days, whichever is earlier. Musharaka Income on Musharaka is recognised when the right to receive payment is established or on distributions. In case of losses in Musharaka, the Group's share of loss is recognised to the extent that such losses are being deducted from its share of the Musharaka capital. Fees and commission income The Group earns fee and commission income from a diverse range of services it provides to its customers. Fee income can be divided into the following main categories: - Fee income on financing transactions: Fee earned on financing transactions including up-front fees and early settlement fees are recognised when earned. To the extent the fees are deemed yield enhancement they are recognised over the period of the financing contracts. - Fee income from transaction services: Fee arising from corporate finance, corporate advisory, arranging the sale of assets and wealth management are recognised when earned or on a time proportionate basis when the fee is linked to time. - Other fee income: This is recognised when services are rendered. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 20
21. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 2 ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 2.3 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 2.3.2 Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) u) Fair value of financial assets For investments that are traded in organised financial markets, fair value is determined by reference to the prevailing market bid price on the reporting date. For investments where there is no quoted market price, a reasonable estimate of fair value is determined by reference to valuation by independent external valuers or based on recent arm's length market transactions. Alternatively, the estimate would also be based on current market value of another contract, which is substantially the same, or is based on the assessment of future cash flows. The cash equivalent values are determined by the Group by calculating the present value of future cash flows at current profit rates for contracts with similar terms and risk characteristics. For assets having fixed or determinable payments, fair value is based on the net present value of estimated future cash flows determined by the Group using current profit rates for contracts with similar terms and risk characteristics. v) Foreign currencies Foreign currency transactions are recorded at rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currencies at the consolidated statement of financial position date are retranslated at market rates of exchange prevailing at that date. Gains and losses arising on translation are recognised in the consolidated income statement. Non-monetary assets that are measured in terms of historical cost in foreign currencies are recorded at rates of exchange prevailing at the value dates of the transactions. Translation gains or losses on nonmonetary items classified as "fair value through equity" and investment in associates are included in consolidated statement of changes in equity until the related assets are sold or derecognised at which time they are recognised in the consolidated income statement. Translation gains on non-monetary assets classified as "fair value through profit or loss" are directly recognised in the consolidated income statement. w) Translation of foreign operations Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries whose functional currency is not Bahraini Dinars are translated into Bahraini Dinars at the rates of exchange prevailing at the reporting date. Income and expense items are translated at average exchange rates prevailing for the reporting period. Any exchange differences arising on translation are included in foreign exchange translation reserve forming part of other comprehensive income except to the extent that the translation difference is allocated to the non-controlling interest. On disposal of foreign operations, exchange differences relating thereto and previously recognised in other comprehensive income are recognised in the consolidated income statement. x) Repossessed assets Repossessed assets are assets acquired in settlement of dues. These assets are carried at the lower of carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell and reported within ‘other assets’. The Group’s policy is to determine whether a repossessed asset can be best used for its internal operations or should be sold. Assets determined to be useful for the internal operations are transferred to their relevant asset category at the lower of their repossessed value or the carrying value of the original secured asset. Assets for which selling is determined to be a better option are transferred to assets held for sale at their fair value or fair value less cost to sell for non-financial assets at the repossession date in line with the Group’s policy. y) Trade and settlement date accounting Purchases and sales of financial assets and liabilities are recognised on the trade date, i.e. the date that the Group contracts to purchase or sell the asset or liability. z) Derecognition of financial assets Financial assets are derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the financial assets have expired or where the Group has transferred substantially all risk and rewards of ownership. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 21
22. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 2 ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 2.3 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 2.3.2 Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) z) Derecognition of financial assets (continued) Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Group could be required to pay. aa) Fiduciary assets Assets held in a fiduciary capacity are not treated as assets of the Group and are accordingly not included in the consolidated statement of financial position. ab) Dividend on ordinary shares Dividend payable on ordinary issued and fully paid shares of the Bank is recognised as a liability and deducted from equity when it is approved by the Group's shareholders. Dividend for the year that is approved after the reporting date is included in the equity and is disclosed as an event after the consolidated statement of financial position date. ac) Equity of investment account holders All equity of investment accountholders are carried at cost plus profit and related reserves less amounts settled. Share of income for equity of investment accountholder is calculated based on the income generated by the assets funded by such investment accounts after deducting Mudarib share (as Mudarib and Rabalmal). Operating expenses are additionally charged to shareholders' funds and are not included in the calculation. The basis applied by the Group in arriving at the equity of investment accountholders' share of income is total investment income less shareholders' income. Under FAS 30, ECL is allocated to the assets invested using funds from unrestricted investment accounts. ad) Treasury stock Own equity contracts that are re-acquired, are recognised at cost and deducted from equity. No gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of the Bank’s own equity contracts. Any difference between the carrying amount and the consideration, if re-issued, is recognised in share premium in consolidated statement of changes in equity. ae) Zakah In accordance with the articles of association of the Group, the responsibility to pay Zakah is on the shareholders of the Bank. af) Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents comprise of cash and balances with the CBB and Murabaha receivables from banks with original maturities of less than 90 days. ag) Wakala payables The Group accepts funds from banks and customers under Wakala arrangements in which a return is payable to customers as agreed in the agreement. There is no restriction on the Group for the use of funds received under Wakala agreement. Profit on these is accrued on a time-apportioned basis over the period of the contract based on the principal amounts outstanding. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 22
23. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 2 ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 2.3 SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 2.3.2 Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) ah) Jointly-financed and self-financed Investments, financing and receivables that are jointly-funded by the Group and the equity of investment accountholders are classified under the caption "jointly-financed" in the consolidated financial statements. Investments, financing and receivables that are funded solely by the Group are classified under "self-financed". ai) Earnings prohibited by Shari'a The Group is committed to contributing to charity any income generated from non-Islamic sources. Accordingly, any earning prohibited by Shari'a is credited to charity funds to be used for social welfare purposes. 3 CLASSIFICATION OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES AND EQUITY OF INVESTMENT ACCOUNTHOLDERS 31 December 2017 At fair value through profit or loss BD '000 At fair value through equity BD '000 At amortised cost / others BD '000 Total BD '000 - 66,351 357,778 66,351 357,778 109,393 - 1,932 52,431 1,359 - 143,803 10,324 197,380 308,093 212,148 19,192 2,771 6,448 16,835 57,051 25,971 143,803 10,324 197,380 308,093 212,148 19,192 2,771 111,325 52,431 6,448 16,835 58,410 25,971 109,393 55,722 1,424,145 1,589,260 ASSETS Cash and balances with banks and Central Bank Sovereign Sukuk Murabaha and Wakala receivables from banks Corporate Sukuk Murabaha financing Mudaraba financing Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek Musharaka Assets under conversion Non-trading investments Investments in real estate Development properties Investment in associates Other assets Goodwill - LIABILITIES AND EQUITY OF INVESTMENT ACCOUNTHOLDERS Murabaha and Wakala payables to banks Murabaha and Wakala payables to non-banks Current accounts Liabilities under conversion Term financing Other liabilities Equity of investment accountholders - - 154,641 154,641 - - 597,848 283,886 2,729 79,786 47,652 118,881 597,848 283,886 2,729 79,786 47,652 118,881 - - 1,285,423 1,285,423 _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 23
24. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 3 CLASSIFICATION OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES AND EQUITY OF INVESTMENT ACCOUNTHOLDERS (continued) 31 December 2016 At fair value through profit or loss BD '000 ASSETS Cash and balances with banks and Central Bank Sovereign Sukuk Murabaha and Wakala receivables from banks Corporate Sukuk Murabaha financing Mudaraba financing Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek Musharaka Assets under conversion Non-trading investments Investments in real estate Development properties Investment in associates Other assets Goodwill Assets classified as held-for-sale LIABILITIES AND EQUITY OF INVESTMENT ACCOUNTHOLDERS Murabaha and Wakala payables to banks Murabaha and Wakala payables to non-banks Current accounts Liabilities under conversion Term financing Other liabilities Equity of investment accountholders Liabilities relating to assets classified as held-for-sale At fair value through equity BD '000 At amortised cost / others BD '000 Total BD '000 - 131,990 358,269 131,990 358,269 115,403 - 41 6,670 51,863 1,449 19,636 182,452 28,934 213,687 252,807 188,485 12,304 36,975 17,781 10,561 25,811 25,971 204 182,452 28,934 213,687 252,807 188,485 12,304 37,016 122,073 51,863 17,781 10,561 27,260 25,971 19,840 115,403 79,659 1,486,231 1,681,293 At fair value through profit or loss BD '000 At fair value through equity BD '000 At amortised cost / others BD '000 Total BD '000 - - - 132,032 132,032 - - 723,439 279,609 217 91,837 49,043 68,796 723,439 279,609 217 91,837 49,043 68,796 - - 11,421 11,421 - - 1,356,394 1,356,394 _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 24
25. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 4 CASH AND BALANCES WITH BANKS AND CENTRAL BANK Mandatory reserve with Central Bank* Cash and other balances with Central Bank Balances with other banks** 2017 BD '000 2016 BD '000 32,224 8,509 25,618 29,514 72,356 30,120 66,351 131,990 2017 BD '000 2016 BD '000 118,879 24,924 68,796 113,656 143,803 182,452 * This balance is not available for use in the day-to-day operations of the Group. ** This balance is net of an insignificant amount of allowance for credit losses. 5 MURABAHA AND WAKALA RECEIVABLES FROM BANKS Jointly-financed assets Self-financed assets The above receivables are net of allowance for credit losses of BD 2 thousands (2016: BD nil) which is wholly allocated to jointly-financed assets. At 31 December 2017, deferred profits on Murabaha and Wakala receivables from banks amounted to BD 35 thousands (2016: BD 60 thousands). The entire exposure of Murabaha and Wakala receivables from Banks at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016 are with financial entities mainly based in GCC countries. 6 CORPORATE SUKUK Investment grade Non-investment grade Un-rated Sukuk 2017 BD '000 2016 BD '000 5,689 4,635 - 17,865 3,843 7,226 10,324 28,934 2017 BD '000 2016 BD '000 223,749 (26,369) 231,363 (17,676) 197,380 213,687 The above balance is net of allowance for credit losses of BD 3 thousands (2016: BD nil). 7 MURABAHA FINANCING Murabaha financing Less: allowance for credit losses Murabaha financing is reported net of deferred profits of BD 29,694 thousands (2016: BD 39,249 thousands). _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 25
26. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 7 MURABAHA FINANCING (continued) 7.1 Movements in allowance for credit losses on Murabaha financing 2017 2016 Stage 1: 12month ECL BD '000 Stage 2: Lifetime ECL not creditimpaired BD '000 Stage 3: Lifetime ECL creditimpaired BD '000 Balance at 1 January on adoption of FAS 30 2,680 12,766 16,866 32,312 Changes due to receivables recognised in opening balance that have: - transferred to Stage 1: 12 month ECL - transferred to Stage 2: Lifetime ECL not credit-impaired - transferred to Stage 3: Lifetime ECL credit-impaired Net remeasurement of loss allowance Recoveries / write-backs 454 (24) (16) 1,096 (455) (304) 24 (187) (1,282) (206) (150) 203 12,536 (115) 12,350 (776) Allowance for credit losses 1,055 (1,955) Reclass to other financing contracts Amounts written off during the year Balance at the end of the year 8 3,735 Total BD '000 8,288 14,645 (1,767) 12,474 11,574 12,878 - (17,517) (17,517) (2,643) (847) 10,811 11,823 26,369 17,676 2017 BD '000 2016 BD '000 325,748 (17,655) 267,559 (14,752) 308,093 252,807 MUDARABA FINANCING Mudaraba financing Less: allowance for credit losses 8.1 Total ECL BD '000 Movements in allowance for credit losses on Mudaraba financing 2017 2016 Stage 1: 12month ECL BD '000 Stage 2: Lifetime ECL not creditimpaired BD '000 Stage 3: Lifetime ECL creditimpaired BD '000 Balance at 1 January on adoption of FAS 30 4,711 3,281 11,502 Changes due to receivables recognised in opening balance that have: - transferred to Stage 1: 12 month ECL - transferred to Stage 2: Lifetime ECL not credit-impaired - transferred to Stage 3: Lifetime ECL credit-impaired Net remeasurement of loss allowance Recoveries / write-backs 735 (100) (22) 907 (134) (732) 416 (2,142) 3,952 (100) (3) (316) 2,164 (135) (193) 4,724 (427) Allowance for credit losses 1,386 Reclass from other financing contracts Amounts written off during the year Balance at the end of the year Total ECL BD '000 19,494 Total BD '000 10,633 290 (52) 1,394 1,517 4,297 238 - - (6,136) (6,136) 4,289 (408) 6,097 4,675 6,883 17,655 14,752 _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 26
27. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 9 IJARAH MUNTAHIA BITTAMLEEK This represents net investment in assets leased for periods which either approximate or cover major parts of the estimated useful lives of such assets. The majority of the lease documentations provide that the Lessor undertakes to transfer the leased assets to the Lessee at the end of the lease term upon the lessee fulfilling all its obligations under the lease agreement. 2017 BD '000 2016 BD '000 At 1 January Additions during the year - net Ijarah assets depreciation (Disposal) / transfer Reversal of allowance for credit losses during the year 188,485 54,782 (17,996) (14,400) 1,277 155,217 29,006 (10,568) 14,400 430 At 31 December 212,148 188,485 2017 BD '000 2016 BD '000 6,314 98,459 107,375 4,304 79,273 104,908 212,148 188,485 212,148 - 181,685 6,800 212,148 188,485 Movements in Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek assets are as follows: The future minimum lease receivable in aggregate are as follows: Due within one year Due in one to five years Due after five years Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek is divided into the following asset classes: Land and buildings Aircraft The accumulated depreciation on Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek assets amounted to BD 43,832 thousands (2016: BD 40,403 thousands). 9.1 Movements in allowance for credit losses on Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek 2017 Stage 1: 12month ECL Stage 2: Lifetime ECL not creditimpaired 2016 Stage 3: Lifetime ECL creditimpaired Total ECL Total BD '000 BD '000 BD '000 BD '000 BD '000 Balance at 1 January on adoption of FAS 30 1,009 1,106 12,212 14,327 9,304 Changes due to receivables recognised in opening balance that have: - transferred to Stage 1: 12 month ECL - transferred to Stage 2: Lifetime ECL not credit-impaired - transferred to Stage 3: Lifetime ECL credit-impaired Net remeasurement of loss allowance Recoveries / write-backs 234 (5) (2) (174) - (229) 16 (117) (286) - (5) (11) 119 (445) (372) (905) (372) 2 (432) 53 (616) (714) (1,277) (430) 1,302 - Allowance for credit losses Reclass from other financing contracts Amounts written off during the year Balance at the end of the year - - (7,769) (7,769) 1,062 490 3,729 5,281 10,176 _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 27
28. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 10 NET ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES / IMPAIRMENT Murabaha and Wakala receivables from banks Corporate Sukuk Murabaha financing Mudaraba financing Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek Musharaka Assets under conversion Other assets Financing commitments and financial guarantee contracts 2017 BD '000 2016 BD '000 (3) 3 11,574 4,297 (1,277) 108 37 5,833 (802) 12,878 238 (430) (6) 501 5,239 - 19,770 18,420 886 3,153 Impairment for fair value through equity investments (note 10.1) 10.1 21,573 2017 BD '000 2016 BD '000 8,624 1,048 (162) 886 (6,259) 5,471 3,153 3,153 - 3,251 8,624 Movements in impairment for fair value through equity investments Balance at the beginning of the year Provision during the year Recoveries / reversals Allowance for impairment Write-offs Balance at the end of the year 11 20,656 ASSETS AND LIABILITIES UNDER CONVERSION These represent interest bearing non-Shari'a compliant assets and liabilities of ASBS. These assets and liabilities have been reported as separate line items on the face of the consolidated statement of financial position. The details of the assets and liabilities under conversion are as follows: Assets Loans and advances* Non-trading investments - debt Non-trading investment - fair value through equity Other assets Liabilities Customers' deposits Other liabilities 2017 BD '000 2016 BD '000 1,688 926 157 35,408 1,592 16 - 2,771 37,016 2,729 - 217 2,729 217 During the year, assets under conversion related to BMI have been transferred to other assets upon completion of the conversion period (note 16). * This balance is net of allowance for credit losses of BD 93 thousands (2016: BD 1,714 thousands). _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 28
29. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 11 ASSETS AND LIABILITIES UNDER CONVERSION (continued) 11.1 Movements in allowance for credit losses on assets under conversion 2017 2016 Stage 1: 12month ECL BD '000 Stage 2: Lifetime ECL not creditimpaired BD '000 Stage 3: Lifetime ECL creditimpaired BD '000 Balance at 1 January on adoption of FAS 30 56 671 1,043 1,770 Transfer to other assets Net remeasurement of loss allowance Recoveries / write-backs Allowance for credit losses Amounts written off during the year 37 37 - (671) - (1,043) - (1,714) 37 37 - Balance at the end of the year 93 - 12 Total ECL BD '000 - 93 Total BD '000 1,213 584 (83) 501 1,714 NON-TRADING INVESTMENTS Non-trading investments are classified as fair value through equity or fair value through profit or loss. Fair value hierarchy The Group uses the following hierarchy for determining and disclosing the fair value of financial contracts by valuation technique: Level 1: quoted (unadjusted) prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; Level 2: other techniques for which all inputs that have a significant effect on the recorded fair value are observable, either directly or indirectly; or Level 3: techniques that use inputs that have a significant effect on the recorded fair value that are not based on observable market data. The following table shows an analysis of the non-trading investments carried at fair value in the consolidated statement of financial position: 31 December 2017 Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss Financial assets at fair value through equity 31 December 2016 Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss Financial assets at fair value through equity Level 1 BD '000 Level 2 BD '000 Level 3 BD '000 Total BD '000 5,903 - 5,561 - 97,929 1,932 109,393 1,932 5,903 5,561 99,861 111,325 Level 1 BD '000 Level 2 BD '000 Level 3 BD '000 Total BD '000 7,755 3,968 5,011 - 102,637 2,702 115,403 6,670 11,723 5,011 105,339 122,073 As of 31 December 2017, no transfers from have been made from Level 1 to Level 3 fair value measurements (2016: BD 1,793 thousands). _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 29
30. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 12 NON-TRADING INVESTMENTS (continued) The movements in fair value of non-trading investments classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are as follows: Fair value measurement using significant unobservable inputs Level 3 2017 2016 BD '000 BD '000 At 1 January Fair value changes Provision for impairment Disposals during the year Repayments during the year Additions during the year Transfer from Level 1 to Level 3 At 31 December 13 105,339 1,228 (726) (2,346) (3,634) - 106,392 228 (1,030) (2,151) (307) 414 1,793 99,861 105,339 2017 BD '000 2016 BD '000 49,498 2,933 48,930 2,933 52,431 51,863 INVESTMENTS IN REAL ESTATE Land Buildings The movements in fair value of investments in real estate classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are as follows: Fair value measurement using significant unobservable inputs Level 3 2017 2016 BD '000 BD '000 At 1 January Fair value changes Additions during the year Transfer to assets classified as held-for-sale 51,863 568 - 68,786 (19) 2,732 (19,636) At 31 December 52,431 51,863 14 DEVELOPMENT PROPERTIES These represent properties acquired and held through investment vehicles exclusively for development in the Kingdom of Bahrain and the United Kingdom. The carrying amounts include land price and related construction costs. 15 INVESTMENT IN ASSOCIATES The Group has a 14.4% (2016: 14.4%) stake in Al Salam Bank Algeria (ASBA), an unlisted bank incorporated in Algeria. The Bank has representation on the board of ASBA through which the Bank exercises a significant influence on ASBA. The Group has a 20.94% (2016: 20.94%) stake in Gulf African Bank ("GAB"), a private Islamic bank incorporated in Kenya. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 30
31. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 15 INVESTMENT IN ASSOCIATES (continued) During the year, the Group has made an investment in CSQ1 Property Unit Trust, a private company incorporated in Jersey. The Group has 23.2% stake in CSQ1 Property Unit Trust (2016: nil). The Group’s interest in ASBA, GAB and CSQ1 Property Unit Trust is accounted for using the equity method in the consolidated financial statements. The following table illustrates summarised financial information of Group's investments in ASBA: 2017 BD '000 2016 BD '000 282,037 227,465 180,792 128,426 Net assets 54,572 52,366 Total revenue Total expenses 13,093 9,144 9,428 5,751 3,949 3,677 451 164 Associates' statement of financial position: Total assets Total liabilities Net profit for the year Group's share of associates' net profit The following table illustrates summarised financial information of Group's investments in GAB: 2017 BD '000 2016 BD '000 115,427 96,734 99,856 83,889 Net assets 18,693 15,967 Total revenue Total expenses 11,661 10,074 10,729 9,021 1,587 1,708 335 563 Associates' statement of financial position: Total assets Total liabilities Net profit for the year Group's share of associates' net profit 16 OTHER ASSETS Assets under conversion (a) Loans and advances to customers Non-trading investments - debt Non-trading investments - fair value through equity (b) Repossessed assets (c) Profit receivable Premises and equipment Prepayments Rental receivable on Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek Credit card receivables - net Other receivables and advances 2017 BD '000 2016 BD '000 20,149 29 1,359 344 1,341 21,537 14,351 11,410 1,704 1,136 1,090 2,437 4,745 1,685 4,863 9,922 2,514 1,874 449 2,926 3,027 58,410 27,260 (a) These represent non-Shari'a compliant assets resulted from the acquisition of BMI and Bahraini Saudi Bank B.S.C. ("ex-BSB"). This balance is net of allowance for credit losses of BD 4,970 thousands (2016: BD nil). _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 31
32. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 16 OTHER ASSETS (continued) (b) The above fair value through equity investments are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy (note 12). Movements in fair value through equity investments are as follows: Fair value measurement using significant unobservable inputs Level 3 2017 2016 BD '000 BD '000 At 1 January Transfer during the year Disposals during the year 1,341 18 - At 31 December 1,359 1,928 (82) (505) 1,341 (c) This balance is net of provision of BD 611 thousands (2016: BD nil). 16.1 Movements in allowance for credit losses on other assets Stage 1: 12month ECL BD '000 Balance at 1 January on adoption of FAS 30 52 Transfer from assets under conversion Net remeasurement of loss allowance Recoveries / write-backs - Stage 2: 2017 Lifetime Stage 3: ECL not Lifetime ECL creditcreditimpaired impaired BD '000 BD '000 2016 Total ECL BD '000 Total BD '000 125 (419) 3,674 3,307 671 1,043 1,714 95 - (213) - 6,676 (1,336) 6,558 (1,336) Allowance for credit losses 95 (213) Reclass to other financing contracts Amounts written off during the year - Balance at the end of the year 17 147 5,532 (293) 5,340 5,222 5,239 - (2,184) (2,184) (2,948) - 39 7,873 8,059 2,416 GOODWILL In 30 March 2014, the Bank acquired 100% of the paid-up capital of BMI. Goodwill of BD 25,971 thousands (2016: BD 25,971 thousands) arose from the business combination and is associated with the banking segment of the Group. The recoverable amount of goodwill is based on value-in-use calculations using cash flow projections from financial forecasts approved by Board of Directors, extrapolated for five years projection using terminal growth rate of 1.5% (2016: 3%) and discount rate of 21.5% (2016: 11%). The methodology and assumptions used for estimating future cash flows are reviewed regularly to reduce any differences between loss estimates based on the actual loss experience. Management performed a sensitivity analysis by changing the key assumptions to assess the impact of recoverable amount of the CGU. The discount rate and earnings are considered as key assumptions, a 0.5% change in the discount rate and a 0.25% change in earnings would have no impact on the carrying value of goodwill. 18 MURABAHA TERM FINANCING These represents short-term to long-term financings with various financials institutions that are collateralised against corporate and sovereign Sukuk carrying value of BD 116,006 thousands (2016: BD 171,779 thousands). _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 32
33. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 19 OTHER LIABILITIES Accounts payable and accruals Investment related payables Profit payable Dividend payable Project payables End of service benefits and other employee related accruals Allowance for credit losses relating to financing commitments and financial guarantee contracts Advances received from customers for sale of properties 20 2017 BD '000 2016 BD '000 21,555 7,208 5,293 4,704 4,645 3,402 25,524 7,808 5,917 3,988 886 4,144 845 - 776 47,652 49,043 EQUITY OF INVESTMENT ACCOUNTHOLDERS Equity of investment accountholders funds are commingled with the Group's funds and used to fund / invest in asset contracts and no priority is granted to any party for the purpose of investments and distribution of profits. According to the terms of acceptance of the unrestricted investment accounts, 100% of the funds are invested taking into consideration the relevant weightage, if any. The Mudarib's share of profit ranges between 40% and 50%. Operating expenses are charged to shareholders' funds and not included in the calculation. The Mudarib reserves its right to deduct, if required, a percentage of net profits before distribution out the investment funds to improve profits and may deduct another percentage out of the accountholders' share of the profits after distribution as a reserve against risks. This percentage shall be specified from time to time in the profit distribution at the Mudarib's discretion. The balances consists of savings accounts of BD 58,014 thousands (2016: BD 50,944 thousands), call accounts of BD 37,932 thousands (2016: BD 12,207 thousands) and margin accounts of BD 22,935 thousands (2016: BD 5,645 thousands). Allowance for credit losses allocated to the assets invested using funds from unrestricted investment accounts is immaterial. The average profit rate attributed to the equity of investment accountholders for the year 2017 was 0.20% (2016: 0.27%). 21 SHARE CAPITAL 2017 BD '000 2016 BD '000 Authorised: 2,500,000,000 ordinary shares (2016: 2,500,000,000 shares) of BD 0.100 each 250,000 250,000 Issued and fully paid: (BD 0.100 per share) Number of shares 2,140,930,752 (2016: 2,140,930,752) 214,093 214,093 Total number of treasury stock outstanding as of 31 December 2017 was 19,218,000 shares (2016: 15,032,732 shares). 21.1 Proposed appropriation The Board of Directors in its meeting on 13 February 2018 has resolved to recommend a cash dividend of 7 fils per share or 7% (2016: 5 fils or 5%) of the paid-up capital subject to approval at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting. 22 STATUTORY RESERVE As required by Bahrain Commercial Companies Law and the Bank’s articles of association, 10% of the net profit for the year has been transferred to the statutory reserve. The Group may resolve to discontinue such annual transfers when the reserve totals 50% of the paid up share capital of the Bank. The reserve is not distributable except in such circumstances as stipulated in the Bahrain Commercial Companies Law followed by the approval of the CBB. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 33
34. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 23 EARNINGS PER SHARE Basic earnings per share (EPS) is calculated by dividing the net profit for the year attributable to shareholders of the Bank by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year. 24 INCOME FROM FINANCING CONTRACTS Murabaha financing Mudaraba financing Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek* Musharaka Murabaha and Wakala receivables from banks Income from assets under conversion ** 2017 BD '000 2016 BD '000 10,826 17,289 10,499 961 1,656 2,457 12,870 13,069 10,030 591 1,415 875 43,688 38,850 * Depreciation on Ijarah Muntahia Bitamleek amounted to BD 17,996 thousands (2016: BD 10,568 thousands). ** The Bank's shareholders are advised, but not obliged, to contribute this income to charity at their discretion. 25 GAIN ON SALE OF INVESTMENTS AND SUKUK - NET 2017 BD '000 2016 BD '000 4,771 1,294 229 202 10 12,130 398 2,611 14 6,506 15,153 Net gain on sale of: Development properties* Fair value through equity investments Other investments Fair value through profit or loss investments Sukuk * Sales: BD 23,152 thousands (2016: BD 49,131 thousands) and cost: BD 18,381 thousands (2016: BD 37,001 thousands). 26 INCOME FROM INVESTMENTS Gain / (loss) from fair value through profit or loss investments Rental income from investments in real estate 27 2017 BD '000 2016 BD '000 1,532 213 (128) 1,947 1,745 1,819 2017 BD '000 2016 BD '000 4,613 7,691 155 5,953 1,751 225 12,459 7,929 FEES, COMMISSION AND OTHER INCOME - NET Financing and transaction related fees and commission Other income* Fiduciary and other fees * This includes a sale of a facility to a third party resulting in an income of BD 1,594 thousands (2016: BD nil). In addition, the Group recovered excess amount of BD 3,933 thousands (2016: BD nil) over acquired values from settlement of non-performing financing facilities. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 34
35. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 28 TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME Net profit for the year 2017 BD '000 2016 BD '000 18,055 16,096 Unrealized gain reclassified to consolidated income statement on disposal of fair value through equity investments Unrealised gain on fair value through equity investments Changes in fair value of investments in real estate Foreign currency re-translation (246) (159) (211) (82) 675 (19) (4) Other comprehensive income for the year (616) 570 Total comprehensive income for the year 17,439 16,666 Attributable to: Equity holders of the Bank Non-controlling interest 17,483 (44) 16,778 (112) 17,439 16,666 29 RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS Related parties comprise major shareholders, Directors of the Bank, senior management, close members of their families, entities owned or controlled by them and companies affiliated by virtue of common ownership or directors with that of the Bank. The transactions with these parties were approved by the Board of Directors. The balances with related parties at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016 were as follows: Associates and joint ventures BD '000 Assets: Cash and balances with banks and Central Bank Murabaha financing Mudaraba financing Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek Musharaka financing Other assets Liabilities and equity of investment accountholders: Wakala payables to non-banks Current accounts Equity of investment accountholders Other liabilities Contingent liabilities and commitments Equity Transition adjustment Major shareholders BD '000 2017 Directors and related Senior entities management BD '000 BD '000 Total BD '000 9,084 3,104 94 92 - 4,163 1,674 35 201 235 647 36 92 9,319 7,267 2,321 35 331 1,860 306 55 17,295 438 98 426 775 555 6 2,314 158 200 19 21,895 1,677 755 178 1,261 22 - - 1,283 - - - 12,317 12,317 _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 35
36. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 29 RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (continued) Associates, and joint ventures BD '000 Assets: Cash and balances with banks and Central Bank Murabaha and Wakala receivables from banks Murabaha financing Mudaraba financing Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek Musharaka financing Other assets Liabilities and equity of investment accountholders: Wakala payables to non-banks Current accounts Equity of investment accountholders Other liabilities Contingent liabilities and commitments - Major shareholders BD '000 181 2016 Directors and related entities BD '000 Senior management BD '000 - - Total BD '000 181 25,172 1,885 947 6,786 2 2,137 143 45 108 115 226 24 6,786 25,287 4,022 369 45 1,081 4,235 343 60 10,505 9 - 48 1,331 825 - 1,134 132 135 5 15,922 1,815 960 65 743 - - - 743 The income and expenses in respect of related parties included in the consolidated income statement are as follows: Associates and joint ventures BD '000 Income: Income from financing contracts Share of profit from associates Expenses: Profit on Murabaha and Wakala payables to banks Profit paid on Wakala from non-banks Share of profits on equity of investment account holders Other operating expenses Allowance for credit losses Income: Income from financing contracts Share of profit from associates 786 69 6,516 Major shareholders BD '000 8 2017 Directors and related Senior entities management BD '000 BD '000 Total BD '000 227 - 23 - 258 786 16 421 7 22 16 519 - 2 740 - 2 - 4 740 6,516 Senior management BD '000 Total BD '000 - Associates and joint ventures BD '000 Major shareholders BD '000 2016 Directors and related entities BD '000 727 19 - 81 - 6 - 106 727 Expenses: Profit paid on Wakala from non-banks 27 380 1 22 430 Share of profits on equity of investment account holders 3 3 593 593 Other operating expenses 8,947 8,947 Provision for impairment _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 36
37. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 29 RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (continued) Board of Directors' remuneration for 2017 amounted to BD 415 thousands (2016: BD 389 thousands). Sharia Supervisory Boards' remuneration for 2017 amounted to BD 66 thousands (2016: BD 49 thousands). Compensation of key management personnel, consisting of short-term benefits and non-cash remuneration, for the year was BD 2,981 thousands (2016: BD 2,902 thousands). 30 CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND COMMITMENTS Contingent liabilities on behalf of customers Guarantees Letters of credit Acceptances Irrevocable unutilised commitments Unutilised financing commitments Unutilised non-funded commitments Commitments towards development cost Forward foreign exchange contracts - notional amount 2017 BD '000 2016 BD '000 19,419 10,767 954 24,993 20,788 3,607 31,140 49,388 81,941 9,594 - 114,491 23,308 2,951 91,535 140,750 37,814 20,280 Letters of credit, guarantees (including standby letters of credit) commit the Group to make payments on behalf of customers contingent upon their failure to perform under the terms of the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates, or other termination clauses. Since commitments may expire without being utilized, the total contract amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Operating lease commitment - Group as lessee The Group has entered into various operating lease agreements for its premises. Future minimal rentals payable under the non-cancellable leases are as follows: 2017 2016 BD '000 BD '000 Within 1 year After one year but not more than five years 31 1,204 1,971 1,168 2,360 3,175 3,528 RISK MANAGEMENT 31.1 Introduction Risk is inherent in the Group's activities but it is managed through a process of ongoing identification, measurement and monitoring, subject to risk limits and other controls. This process of risk management is critical to the Group's continuing profitability and each individual within the Group is accountable for the risk exposures relating to his or her responsibilities. The Group is exposed to credit risk, liquidity risk, operational risk, and market risk. It is also subject to early settlement risk and operational risks. The Group's risk function is independent of lines of business and the acting Group Chief Risk Officer reports to the Group Chief Executive Officer with access to the Audit and Risk Committee. The independent risk control process does not include business risks such as changes in the environment, technology and industry as they are monitored through the Group's strategic planning process. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 37
38. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 31 RISK MANAGEMENT (continued) 31.1 Introduction (continued) Board of Directors The Board of Directors is responsible for setting the overall risk management framework and appetite encompassing the risk strategies and policies. Executive Committee The Executive Committee has the responsibility to review and recommend to the Board for approval the overall risk process and policies within the Bank. Shari'a Supervisory Board The Group’s Shari’a Supervisory Board is entrusted with the responsibility to ensure the Group’s adherence to Shari’a rules and principles in its transactions and activities. Risk Committee Risk Committee exercises its authority to review and approve proposals within its delegated limits. The Committee recommends the risk policies and framework to the Board. The Committee has a primary role in selection and implementation of risk management systems, portfolio monitoring, stress testing, risk reporting to the Board, Board Committees, Regulators and Executive Management. The Committee discharges its authority after adequate due diligence. Asset and Liability Committee The Asset and Liability Committee (ALCO) establishes policy and objectives for the asset and liability management of the Group’s financial position in terms of structure, distribution, risk and return and its impact on profitability. It also monitors the cash flow, tenor and cost / yield profiles of assets and liabilities and evaluates the Group’s financial position both from profit rate sensitivity and liquidity points of view, making corrective adjustments based upon perceived trends and market conditions, monitoring liquidity, monitoring foreign exchange exposures and positions. Audit and Risk Committee The Audit and Risk Committee is appointed by the Board of Directors who are non-executive directors of the Group. The Audit and Risk Committee assists the Board in carrying out its responsibilities with respect to assessing the quality and integrity of financial reporting, the audit thereof, the soundness of the internal controls of the Group, reviewing and monitoring the overall risk framework and profile of the Group as well as its adherence to stipulated policies and limits, and the methods for monitoring compliance with laws, regulations and supervisory and internal policies. The Audit and Risk Committee reviews Group's accounting and financial practices, risk management reports, integrity of the Group's financial and internal controls and consolidated financial statements. It also reviews the Group's compliance with legal requirements, recommends the appointment, compensation and oversight of the Group’s external and internal auditors. Internal Audit Risk management processes throughout the Group are audited by the internal audit function that examines both the adequacy of the procedures and the Group’s compliance with the procedures. Internal Audit discusses the results of all assessments with management, and reports its findings and recommendations to the Audit and Risk Committee. Risk measurement and reporting systems The Group's risk management policies aim to identify, analyse and manage the risks faced by the Group, to set appropriate risk limits and controls, and to continuously monitor risk levels and adherence to limits. The Group's risk management department is also responsible for identifying risk characteristics inherent in new and existing products, activities and setting exposure limits to mitigate these risks. Monitoring and controlling risks is primarily performed based on limits established by the Group. These limits reflect the business strategy and market environment of the Group as well as the level of risk that the Group is willing to accept, with additional emphasis on selected industries. In addition, the Group monitors and measures the overall risk bearing capacity in relation to the aggregate risk exposure across respective risk types and activities. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 38
39. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 31 RISK MANAGEMENT (continued) 31.1 Introduction (continued) Risk measurement and reporting systems (continued) Information compiled from all the businesses is examined and processed in order to analyse, control and identify early risks. This information is presented and explained to the Board of Directors, the Audit and Risk Committee and ALCO, whenever required. The reports include aggregate credit quality and exposures, market risk exposures, operational risk metrics, limit exceptions, liquidity ratios, stress testing, and risk profile changes. A detailed report is produced on a quarterly basis with simplified reports produced on a monthly basis. Senior management assesses the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses on a quarterly basis. The Board of Directors receives a comprehensive risk report once a quarter which is designed to provide all the necessary information to assess the risks of the Group. For all levels throughout the Group, specifically tailored risk reports are prepared and distributed in order to ensure that all business divisions have access to extensive, necessary and up-to-date information. A daily briefing is given to all relevant members of the Group on the utilization of market limits, proprietary investments and liquidity, plus any other risk developments. Concentrations arise when a number of counterparties are engaged in similar business activities, or activities in the same geographic region, or have similar economic features that would cause their ability to meet contractual obligations to be similarly affected by changes in economic, political or other conditions. Concentrations indicate the relative sensitivity of the Group's performance to developments affecting a particular industry or geographical location. In order to avoid excessive concentrations of risk, the Group's policies and procedures include specific guidelines to focus on maintaining a diversified portfolio. Identified concentrations of credit risks are controlled and managed accordingly. 31.2 Credit risk Credit risk is the risk that one party to a financial contract will fail to discharge an obligation and cause the other party to incur a financial loss. The Group attempts to control credit risk by monitoring credit exposures, setting limits for transactions with counterparties, and continually assessing the creditworthiness of counterparties. In addition to monitoring credit limits, the Group manages the credit exposures by entering into collateral arrangements with counterparties in appropriate circumstances and by limiting the duration of the exposure. Maximum exposure to credit risk without taking account of any collateral and other credit enhancements Credit risk grades The Group allocates each exposure to a credit risk grade based on a variety of data that is determined to be predictive of the risk of default and applying experienced credit judgment. Credit risk grades are defined using qualitative and quantitative factors that are indicative of risk of default. These factors vary depending on the nature of the exposure and the type of borrower. Credit risk grades are defined and calibrated such that the risk of default occurring increases exponentially as the credit risk deteriorates. Each exposure is allocated to a credit risk grade at initial recognition based on available information about the borrower. Exposures are subject to ongoing monitoring which may result in an exposure being moved to a different credit risk grade. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 39
40. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 31 RISK MANAGEMENT (continued) 31.2 Credit risk (continued) Maximum exposure to credit risk without taking account of any collateral and other credit enhancements (continued) Credit risk grades (continued) The table below shows the maximum exposure (excluding sovereign exposures) to credit risk for the components of the consolidated statement of financial position. The maximum exposure is shown net of provision, before the effect of mitigation through the use of master netting and collateral agreements. Gross maximum exposure 2017 BD '000 Gross maximum exposure 2016 BD '000 ASSETS Balances with other banks Murabaha receivables from banks Corporate Sukuk Murabaha financing Mudaraba financing Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek Musharaka financing Assets under conversion Financing contracts under other assets 25,618 143,803 10,324 194,265 269,750 211,420 19,577 2,771 21,402 30,120 182,452 28,934 209,800 201,409 188,217 12,419 34,458 15,495 Total 898,930 903,304 93,420 132,216 992,350 1,035,520 Contingent liabilities and commitments Total credit risk exposure In addition to the above, the financing facilities provided to the Government of Bahrain, its related entities and GCC sovereign entities amounts to BD 61,132 thousands (2016: BD 70,718 thousands). Where financial contracts are recorded at fair value the amounts shown above represent the current credit risk exposure but not the maximum risk exposure that could arise in the future as a result of changes in values. Type of credit risk Various contracts entered into by the Group comprise Murabaha financing, Mudaraba financing, Musharaka, Corporate Sukuk and Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek contracts. Murabaha financing contracts cover land, buildings, commodities, motor vehicles and others. Mudaraba financing consist of financing transactions entered through other Islamic banks and financial institutions. Mudaraba is a partnership agreement in which the Islamic bank acts as the provider of funds (the Rabamal) while the recipient of the funds (the Mudarib or the manager) provides the professional, managerial and technical know-how towards carrying out the venture, trade or service with an aim of earning profit. The Group follows an internal rating mechanism for grading relationships for financial assets. All financial assets are assigned a rating in accordance with the defined criteria. The Group utilises a scale ranging from 1 to 10 for credit relationships, with 1 to 7 denoting performing grades and 8 to 10 denoting non-performing grades. Ratings 1 to 4 represent good grade, 5 to 7 represents satisfactory grade and 8 to 10 represents default grade. For externally rated exposures, credit risk ratings of an authorised Credit Rating Agency (S&P, Moody's, Fitch & Capital Intelligence) are converted into internal ratings which are calibrated with the risk appetite of the Bank. Conversion of an external credit risk rating to an internal risk rating is done to ensure consistency across publicly rated and unrated entities. The Group endeavours continuously to improve upon the internal credit risk rating methodologies and credit risk management policies and practices to reflect the true underlying credit risk of the portfolio and the credit culture in the Group. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 40
41. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 31 RISK MANAGEMENT (continued) 31.2 Credit risk (continued) a) The credit quality of balances with banks and Murabaha and Wakala receivables from banks subject to credit risk is as follows: Stage 1: 12month ECL BD '000 Good (R1-R4) Satisfactory (R5-R7) Total allowance for credit losses 2017 Stage 2: Lifetime ECL Stage 3: not creditLifetime ECL impaired credit-impaired BD '000 BD '000 2016 Total BD '000 Total BD '000 164,512 48,060 212,572 100,220 69,203 (2) - - - - 100,220 69,203 (2) 169,421 - - 169,421 b) The following tables sets out information about the credit quality of financial assets. For financing commitments and financial guarantee contracts, the amounts in the table represent the amounts committed or guaranteed. i) Corporate Sukuk 2017 Stage 1: 12month ECL BD '000 Good (R1-R4) Default (D8-D10) Total allowance for credit losses ii) Stage 2: Lifetime ECL not creditimpaired BD '000 2016 Stage 3: Lifetime ECL credit-impaired BD '000 Total BD '000 Total BD '000 10,327 (3) - - 10,327 (3) 28,934 - 10,324 - - 10,324 28,934 Murabaha financing 2017 Good (R1-R4) Satisfactory (R5-R7) Default (D8-D10) Total allowance for credit losses 2016 Stage 1: 12month ECL BD '000 Stage 2: Lifetime ECL not creditimpaired BD '000 Stage 3: Lifetime ECL credit-impaired BD '000 Total BD '000 Total BD '000 102,231 68,843 (3,738) 391 32,666 (10,814) 16,516 (11,830) 102,622 101,509 16,516 (26,382) 98,207 69,867 59,402 (17,676) 167,336 22,243 4,686 194,265 209,800 The above table includes profit receivables of BD 2,701 thousands (2016: BD 1,687 thousands) and related allowance for credit losses of BD 13 thousands (2016: BD nil). _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 41
42. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 31 RISK MANAGEMENT (continued) 31.2 Credit risk (continued) iii) Mudaraba financing 2017 Good (R1-R4) Satisfactory (R5-R7) Default (D8-D10) Total allowance for credit losses 2016 Stage 1: 12month ECL BD '000 Stage 2: Lifetime ECL not creditimpaired BD '000 Stage 3: Lifetime ECL credit-impaired BD '000 Total BD '000 Total BD '000 186,681 56,906 (6,099) 5,055 13,724 (4,690) 25,063 (6,890) 191,736 70,630 25,063 (17,679) 137,532 51,680 26,949 (14,752) 237,488 14,089 18,173 269,750 201,409 The above table includes profit receivables of BD 2,416 thousands (2016: BD 1,391 thousands) and related allowance for credit losses of BD 24 thousands (2016: BD nil). iv) Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek 2017 Good (R1-R4) Satisfactory (R5-R7) Default (D8-D10) Total allowance for credit losses 2016 Stage 1: 12month ECL BD '000 Stage 2: Lifetime ECL not creditimpaired BD '000 Stage 3: Lifetime ECL credit-impaired BD '000 Total BD '000 Total BD '000 143,211 21,783 (1,079) 620 8,823 (492) 42,298 (3,744) 143,831 30,606 42,298 (5,315) 148,534 40,205 9,654 (10,176) 163,915 8,951 38,554 211,420 188,217 The above table includes profit receivables of BD 1,090 thousands (2016: BD 449 thousands) and related allowance for credit losses of BD 34 thousands (2016: BD nil). v) Musharaka 2017 Good (R1-R4) Satisfactory (R5-R7) Default (D8-D10) Total allowance for credit losses 2016 Stage 1: 12month ECL BD '000 Stage 2: Lifetime ECL not creditimpaired BD '000 Stage 3: Lifetime ECL credit-impaired BD '000 Total BD '000 Total BD '000 14,190 4,015 (133) 1,337 (43) 235 (24) 14,190 5,352 235 (200) 8,427 3,840 152 - 18,072 1,294 211 19,577 12,419 The above table includes profit receivables of BD 385 thousands (2016: BD 114 thousands). _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 42
43. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 31 RISK MANAGEMENT (continued) 31.2 Credit risk (continued) vi) Assets under conversion 2017 Stage 1: 12month ECL BD '000 Good (R1-R4) Satisfactory (R5-R7) Default (D8-D10) Total allowance for credit losses vii) Stage 2: Lifetime ECL not creditimpaired BD '000 2016 Stage 3: Lifetime ECL credit-impaired BD '000 Total BD '000 Total BD '000 2,864 (93) - - 2,864 (93) 13,198 229 22,745 (1,714) 2,771 - - 2,771 34,458 Financial contracts under other assets 2017 Good (R1-R4) Satisfactory (R5-R7) Default (D8-D10) Total allowance for credit losses 2016 Stage 1: 12month ECL BD '000 Stage 2: Lifetime ECL not creditimpaired BD '000 Stage 3: Lifetime ECL credit-impaired BD '000 Total BD '000 Total BD '000 2,434 1,887 (149) 372 (41) 24,773 (7,874) 2,434 2,259 24,773 (8,064) 8,853 358 8,700 (2,416) 4,172 331 16,899 21,402 15,495 The above table includes profit receivables of BD 333 thousands (2016: BD 18 thousands) and related allowance for credit losses of BD 5 thousands (2016: BD nil). viii) Financing commitments and financial guarantee contracts 2017 Good (R1-R4) Satisfactory (R5-R7) Total allowance for credit losses Stage 1: 12month ECL BD '000 Stage 2: Lifetime ECL not creditimpaired BD '000 85,533 (523) 5,594 3,138 (322) 85,010 8,410 2016 Stage 3: Lifetime ECL credit-impaired BD '000 Total BD '000 Total BD '000 - 91,127 3,138 (845) 94,005 38,211 - - 93,420 132,216 The maximum credit risk, without taking into account the fair value of any collateral and Shari'a-compliant netting agreements, is limited to the amounts on the consolidated statement of financial position plus commitments to customers disclosed in note 30 except capital commitments. During the year BD 8,345 thousands (2016: BD 17,803 thousands) of financing facilities were renegotiated. Most of the renegotiated facilities are performing and are secured. For the purpose of computing capital adequacy in accordance with Basel III requirements, the amount of credit exposure in excess of 15% of the Group's regulatory capital to individual counterparties as at 31 December 2017 was BD nil (2016: BD nil). _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 43
44. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 31 RISK MANAGEMENT (continued) 31.3 Legal risk and claims Legal risk is the risk arising from the potential that unenforceable contracts, lawsuits or adverse judgments can disrupt or otherwise negatively affect the operations of the Group. The Group has developed controls and procedures to identify legal risks and believes that losses will be minimised. As at 31 December 2017, legal suits amounting to BD 545 thousands (2016: BD 4,925 thousands) were pending against the Group. Based on the opinion of the Group’s legal counsel, the total estimated liability arising from these cases is not considered to be material to the Group's consolidated financial position as the Group has also filed counter cases against these parties. 32 CONCENTRATIONS Concentrations arise when a number of counterparties are engaged in similar business activities, or activities in the same geographic region, or have similar economic features that would cause their ability to meet contractual obligations to be similarly affected by changes in economic, political or other conditions. Concentrations indicate the relative sensitivity of the Group’s performance to developments affecting a particular industry or geographic location. The Group manages its exposure through diversification of financing activities to avoid undue concentrations of risks with customers in specific locations or businesses. The distribution of assets, liabilities and equity of investment account holders by geographic region and industry sector was as follows: Geographic region GCC Arab World Europe Asia Pacific North America Others Equity Industry sector Government and public sector Banks and financial institutions Real estate Trading and manufacturing Aviation Individuals Others Equity Assets 2017 BD '000 Liabilities, equity of investment account holders and equity 2017 BD '000 Contingent liabilities and Commitments 2017 BD '000 1,441,831 63,454 33,589 15,247 15,982 19,157 1,153,987 58,224 61,912 609 1,607 9,084 1,589,260 1,285,423 - 303,837 - 121,365 47 1,263 - 1,492,594 38,355 49,583 52,459 9,535 38,767 1,192,331 50,222 95,056 893 314 17,578 174,196 13,377 427 2,138 - 122,675 1,681,293 1,356,394 190,138 - - 324,899 - 1,681,293 190,138 Contingent liabilities and Commitments 2017 BD '000 Assets 2016 BD '000 Liabilities, equity of investment account holders and equity 2016 BD '000 Contingent liabilities and Commitments 2016 BD '000 173,783 321,778 124,572 16,086 6 414,134 235,064 12,704 1,445 57,814 17,496 20,525 12,691 525,865 362,504 382,136 100,405 10,245 200,220 99,918 148,798 310,634 192,038 64,371 14,918 461,909 163,726 33,417 16,582 72,566 23,395 8,412 35,766 1,285,423 122,675 1,681,293 1,356,394 190,138 1,589,260 Assets 2017 BD '000 Liabilities, equity of investment account holders and equity 2017 BD '000 520,127 230,163 366,733 76,251 509 213,518 181,959 1,589,260 1,589,260 Contingent liabilities and Commitments 2016 BD '000 1,681,293 1,589,260 - Assets 2016 BD '000 Liabilities, equity of investment account holders and equity 2016 BD '000 303,837 1,589,260 122,675 122,675 1,681,293 324,899 1,681,293 190,138 _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 44
45. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 33 MARKET RISK Market risk arises from fluctuations in global yields on financial contracts and foreign exchange rates that could have an indirect effect on the Group's assets value and equity prices. The Board has set limits on the risk that may be accepted. This is monitored on a regular basis by the Audit and Risk Committee as well as ALCO of the Group. 33.1 Equity price risk Equity price risk arises from fluctuations in equity prices. The Board has set limits on the overall investment exposure of the Bank. This is monitored on an ongoing basis by the Group's Investment Committee and Risk Management. The effect on income (as a result of changes in the fair values of non-trading investments held at fair value through profit or loss and fair value through equity investments) solely due to reasonably possible changes in equity prices, is as follows: 2017 10% increase Quoted: Saudi Arabia Unquoted 10% decrease Effect on net profit BD '000 Effect on equity BD '000 Effect on net profit BD '000 Effect on equity BD '000 590 10,349 329 (590) (10,349) (329) 2016 10% increase Quoted: Bahrain Saudi Arabia Singapore Unquoted 10% decrease Effect on net profit BD '000 Effect on equity BD '000 Effect on net profit BD '000 Effect on equity BD '000 776 10,765 166 231 270 (166) (776) (231) (10,765) (270) 33.2 Profit return risk Profit rate risk arises from the possibility that changes in profit rates will affect the future profitability or the fair values of financial assets. The Board has set limits on the risk that may be accepted. This is monitored on a regular basis by the Audit and Risk Committee as well as ALCO of the Group. The Group manages exposures to the effects of various risks associated with fluctuations in the prevailing levels of market profit rates on its financial position and cash flows. The effect on income solely due to reasonably possible immediate and sustained changes in profit return rates, affecting both floating rate assets and liabilities and fixed rate assets and liabilities with maturities less than one year are as follows: Change in rate % Bahraini dinars US dollars 0.10 0.10 Change in rate % Bahraini dinars US dollars 0.10 0.10 2017 Effect on net profit BD '000 192 201 2016 Effect on net profit BD '000 380 193 Change in rate % Effect on net profit BD '000 (0.10) (0.10) (192) (201) Change in rate % Effect on net profit BD '000 (0.10) (0.10) (380) (193) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 45
46. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 33 MARKET RISK (continued) 33.3 Currency risk Currency risk is the risk that the value of a financial instrument will fluctuate due to changes in foreign exchange rates. The Board has set limits on positions by currency. Positions are monitored on a periodic basis by the Audit and Risk Committee as well as ALCO to ensure positions are maintained within established limits. Substantial portion of the Group's assets and liabilities are denominated in Bahraini Dinars, US Dollars or Saudi Riyals. As the Bahraini Dinar and Saudi Riyals are pegged to the US Dollars, positions in these currencies are not considered to represent significant currency risk as of 31 December 2017 and 2016. 34 LIQUIDITY RISK Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will be unable to meet its liabilities as they fall due. Liquidity risk can be caused by market disruptions or credit downgrades which may impact certain sources of funding. To mitigate this risk, management has diversified funding sources and assets are managed with liquidity in mind, maintaining an adequate balance of cash, cash equivalents and readily convertible marketable securities. Liquidity position is monitored on an ongoing basis by the Risk and Audit Committee as well as ALCO of the Group. The table below summarises the expected maturity profile of the Group's assets and liabilities as at 31 December 2017 and 2016: 31 December 2017 Over 5 Up to 3 months 1 to 5 years 3 months to 1 year years Total BD '000 BD '000 BD '000 BD '000 BD '000 ASSETS Cash and balances with banks and Central Bank Sovereign Sukuk Murabaha and Wakala receivables from banks Corporate Sukuk Murabaha financing Mudaraba financing Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek Musharaka Assets under conversion Non-trading investments Investments in real estates Development properties Investment in associates Other assets Goodwill LIABILITIES AND EQUITY OF INVESTMENT ACCOUNTHOLDERS Murabaha and Wakala payables to banks Wakala payables to non-banks Current accounts Liabilities under conversion Murabaha term financing Other liabilities Equity of investment accountholders 66,351 8,155 28,956 150,521 170,146 66,351 357,778 143,803 1,871 34,395 38,205 4,820 93 1,562 1,931 20,534 - 3,121 84,444 86,338 1,494 10,337 61 1,073 - 5,332 30,048 95,689 98,459 5,558 108 109,394 52,431 6,448 16,835 35,389 - 48,493 87,861 107,375 3,204 1,040 1,414 25,971 143,803 10,324 197,380 308,093 212,148 19,192 2,771 111,325 52,431 6,448 16,835 58,410 25,971 321,720 215,824 606,212 445,504 1,589,260 147,178 59,785 70,281 14,892 8,871 25,702 7,463 59,785 86,345 239 45,904 14,500 35,078 478,178 127,260 2,447 16,779 24,166 58,101 100 43 2,211 115 - 154,641 597,848 283,886 2,729 79,786 47,652 118,881 - 326,709 249,314 706,931 2,469 1,285,423 ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 46
47. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 34 LIQUIDITY RISK (continued) Up to 3 months BD '000 31 December 2016 3 months 1 to 5 to 1 year years BD '000 BD '000 Over 5 years BD '000 Total BD '000 ASSETS Cash and balances with banks and Central Bank Sovereign Sukuk Murabaha and Wakala receivables from banks Corporate Sukuk Murabaha financing Mudaraba financing Ijarah Muntahia Bittamleek Musharaka Assets under conversion Non-trading investments Investments in real estates Development properties Investment in associates Other assets Goodwill Assets held-for-sale 120,623 3,091 4,800 23,371 6,567 140,624 191,183 131,990 358,269 182,452 8,731 68,416 3,910 41,165 16,293 36,673 67,433 182,452 28,934 27,913 2,689 66 1,947 2,943 13,066 19,840 79,141 1,615 1,182 - 72,199 79,273 8,811 27,688 120,126 48,930 14,838 7,531 6,267 - 73,554 104,908 3,427 9,328 2,933 3,030 6,745 25,971 - 252,807 188,485 12,304 37,016 122,073 51,863 17,781 10,561 27,260 25,971 19,840 451,777 155,184 585,820 488,512 1,681,293 72,344 64,542 217 48,889 9,809 124,635 72,344 85,984 14,713 7,397 578,751 129,083 33,744 24,521 9,204 - 132,032 723,439 279,609 217 91,837 49,043 11,421 14,758 20,454 33,584 - 11,421 68,796 - 221,980 318,130 807,080 9,204 213,687 LIABILITIES AND EQUITY OF INVESTMENT ACCOUNTHOLDERS Murabaha and Wakala payables to banks Wakala payables to non-banks Current accounts Liabilities under conversion Murabaha term financing Other liabilities Liabilities relating to assets classified as held-for-sale Equity of investment accountholders 1,356,394 ________________________________________________________________________________________________ 47
48. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 34 LIQUIDITY RISK (continued) The table below summarises the maturity profile of the Group's financial liabilities at 31 December 2017 and 2016 based on contractual undiscounted payment obligation: On demand BD '000 Up to 3 months BD '000 31 December 2017 3 months 1 to 5 to 1 year years BD '000 BD '000 Over 5 years BD '000 Total BD '000 LIABILITIES, EQUITY OF INVESTMENT ACCOUNTHOLDERS, COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES Murabaha and Wakala payables to banks Wakala payables to non-banks Current accounts Equity of investment accountholders Liabilities under conversion Murabaha term financing Unutilised commitments Contingent liabilities Other financial liabilities Profit on financial liabilities 283,886 - 145,466 265,043 118,881 14,892 6,809 46,922 5,637 848 9,175 261,076 239 45,904 28,329 12,406 2,634 4,763 71,629 2,447 16,779 36,516 12,801 928 5,248 100 43 2,211 19,881 115 23 154,641 597,848 283,886 118,881 2,729 79,786 91,535 72,129 9,314 10,882 283,886 604,498 364,526 146,348 22,373 1,421,631 On demand BD '000 Up to 3 months BD '000 31 December 2016 3 months 1 to 5 to 1 year years BD '000 BD '000 Over 5 years BD '000 Total BD '000 279,609 28,067 217 8,999 35,318 - 124,635 313,518 40,729 48,889 12,122 24,531 7,985 761 7,397 328,513 46,577 5,980 6,246 5,015 81,408 33,744 44,729 10,318 528 6,329 9,204 25,372 - 132,032 723,439 279,609 68,796 217 91,837 137,799 76,147 14,759 12,105 - - 11,421 LIABILITIES, EQUITY OF INVESTMENT ACCOUNTHOLDERS, COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES Murabaha and Wakala payables to banks Wakala payables to non-banks Current accounts Equity of investment accountholders Liabilities under conversion Murabaha term financing Unutilised commitments Contingent liabilities Other financial liabilities Profit on financial liabilities Liabilities relating to assets classified as held-for-sale 352,210 11,421 584,591 399,728 177,056 34,576 1,548,161 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 48
49. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 35 SEGMENT INFORMATION Primary segment information For management purposes, the Group is organised into four major business segments: Banking Principally managing Shari'a compliant profit sharing investment accounts, and offering Shari'a compliant financing contracts and other Shari'acompliant products. This segment comprises corporate banking, retail banking, private banking and wealth management. Treasury Principally handling Shari'a compliant money market, trading and treasury services including short-term commodity Murabaha. Investments Principally the Group's proprietary portfolio and serving clients with a range of investment products, funds and alternative investments. Capital Manages the undeployed capital of the Group by investing it in high quality financial contracts, incurs all expenses in managing such investments and accounts for the capital governance related expenses. Transactions between segments are conducted at estimated market rates on an arm's length basis. Transfer charges are based on a pool rate which approximates the cost of funds. Segment information is disclosed as follows: Banking BD '000 Operating income 31 December 2017 Treasury Investments BD '000 BD '000 Capital BD '000 Total BD '000 30,757 22,030 8,526 877 62,190 Segment result 645 17,540 (1,064) 934 18,055 Segment assets 744,264 612,414 198,249 34,333 1,589,260 Segment liabilities, and equity 915,779 330,513 16,954 326,014 1,589,260 Goodwill resulting from BMI acquisition is allocated to banking segment. 31 December 2016 Banking Treasury Investments Capital Total BD '000 BD '000 BD '000 BD '000 BD '000 27,951 13,369 20,319 1,361 63,000 Segment result (10,062) 11,957 14,723 Segment assets 706,572 678,896 236,338 59,487 1,681,293 1,021,629 317,079 50,312 292,273 1,681,293 Operating income Segment liabilities, and equity (522) 16,096 Goodwill resulting from BMI acquisition is allocated to banking segment. Secondary segment information The Group primarily operates in the GCC and derives substantially all its operating income and incurs all operating expenses in the GCC. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 49
50. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 36 FIDUCIARY ASSETS Funds under management at the year end amounted to BD 70,484 thousands (2016: BD 105,174 thousands). These assets are held in a fiduciary capacity, measured at cost and are not included in the consolidated statement of financial position. 37 SHARI'A SUPERVISORY BOARD The Bank's Shari'a Supervisory Board consists of five Islamic scholars who review the Bank's compliance with general Shari'a principles and specific fatwa's, rulings and guidelines issued by the Bank's Shari'a supervisory Board. Their review includes examination of evidence relating to the documentation and procedures adopted by the Bank to ensure that its activities are conducted in accordance with Islamic Shari'a principles. 38 FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL ASSETS The fair value of sovereign sukuk is BD 361,172 thousands having a carrying value of BD 357,778 thousands and the fair value of corporate sukuk is BD 10,339 thousands having a carrying value of BD 10,324 thousands. The estimated fair values of other financial assets are not materially different to their carrying values as of 31 December 2017 and 2016. 39 EARNINGS AND EXPENSES PROHIBITED BY SHARI'A During the year, the Group received Shari'a prohibited income totalling BD 397 thousands (2016: BD 412 thousands). These include income earned from the conventional financing and investments due to acquiring BMI and BSB, penalty charges from customers and interest on current account balances held with correspondent banks. These funds were allocated to charitable contributions after deducting recovery expenses of these funds. 40 SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY The Group discharges its social responsibility through charity fund expenditures and donations to individuals and organisations which are used for charitable purposes. During the year, the Group paid an amount of BD 328 thousands (2016: BD 267 thousands) on account of charitable donations. 41 ZAKAH Pursuant to a resolution of the shareholders in an Extra-ordinary General Meetings (EGM) held on 12 November 2009, it was resolved to amend the articles of association of the Bank to inform the shareholders of their obligation to pay Zakah on income and net worth. Consequently, Zakah is not recognized in the consolidated income statement as an expense. The total Zakah payable by the shareholders for 2017 has been determined by the Shari'a supervisory board as 2.5 fils (2016: 2.5 fils) per share. 42 CAPITAL ADEQUACY The primary objectives of the Group's capital management policies are to ensure that the Group complies with externally imposed capital requirements and that the Group maintains strong credit ratings and healthy capital ratios in order to support its business and to maximise shareholders' value. Capital adequacy for each of the group companies is also managed separately at individual company level. The Group does not have any significant restrictions on its ability to access or use its assets and settle its liabilities other than any restrictions that may result from the supervisory frameworks within which the banking subsidiaries operate. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 50
51. Al Salam Bank-Bahrain B .S.C. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 31 December 2017 42 CAPITAL ADEQUACY (continued) In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Group may adjust the amount of dividend payment to shareholders or issue capital securities. No changes were made in the objectives, policies and processes from the previous years. The regulatory capital and risk-weighted assets have been calculated in accordance with Basel III as adopted by the CBB. 2017 BD '000 2016 BD '000 Common equity Tier 1 capital Additional Tier 1 capital Tier 2 capital 253,469 9 39,861 273,576 5 29,873 Total capital 293,339 303,454 Credit risk-weighted exposures Market risk-weighted exposures Operational risk-weighted exposures 1,261,939 2,331 104,310 1,314,315 8,053 85,710 Total risk-weighted assets 1,368,580 1,408,078 Investment risk reserve Total adjusted risk weighted exposures Total capital ratio Minimum requirement 43 1,368,580 2 1,408,076 21.43% 21.55% 12.5% 12.5% DEPOSIT PROTECTION SCHEME Certain customers’ deposits of the Group are covered by deposit protection schemes established by the CBB. Customers' deposits held with the Bank in the Kingdom of Bahrain are covered by the Regulation Protecting Deposits and Equity of unrestricted investment accounts issued by the CBB in accordance with Resolution No.(34) of 2010. This scheme covers eligible 'natural persons’ (individuals) up to a maximum of BD 20,000 as set out by CBB requirements. A periodic contribution as mandated by the CBB is paid by the Group under this scheme. 44 COMPARATIVE FIGURES Certain of the prior year figures have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. Such reclassifications did not affect previously reported net profit, total assets, total liabilities and total equity of the Group. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 51