Wadi`ah - Appendices

Transcription

1. Wadi `ah 13 of 15 APPENDICES Appendix 1 1. Legitimacy of wadi`ah contract The legitimacy of wadi`ah is derived from the Quran and founded on the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and the consensus of muslim jurists (ijma`). The Quran 2. Although the concept of wadi`ah is not specifically mentioned in the Quran, the concept of trustworthiness, which is an important feature of wadi`ah, is expressed in several places in the Quran. The word “trust” or “amanah” is used in the Quran to indicate the importance of fulfilling all types of trust including that of safekeeping (wadi`ah) and returning the amanah when it is due. 3. The following Quran verses imply the general permissibility of wadi`ah. .‫ينَ ُهمََِِل ََمانَاِتِِمََ َو َعه ِد ِهمَََراعُون‬ ََ ‫َوالَّ ِذ‬ )a( “Those who are true to their trusts and pledges.”8 ِ َ‫إِ َّنَاللَّـهَيأمرُكمَأَنَتُـؤُّدواَاِلَمان‬ َ .‫َلَأَهلِ َها‬ ٰ َ ِ‫اتَإ‬ َ َ َ ُُ َ )b( “Truly, Allah commands you to hand back your trusts to the (rightful) owners.”9 ِ َّ‫فَِإنَأَِمنَبـعض ُكمَبـعضاَفَـليـؤِّدَال‬ َ َََََََ.ُ‫ذيَاؤُُتِنَأَمانَـتََه‬ ُ َ ً َ َ ُ َ ََ )c( “But if any of you entrusts another with a pledge (without a document of contract, witnesses or things produced as pledges of security), let the trustee deliver up that which is entrusted to him to its owner.”10 The Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) 4. The following hadiths imply the general permissibility of wadi`ah. َ‫صلى‬-َ‫َوأمرَتعين رسولَاهلل‬:َ‫َقالت‬-‫َصلىَاهللَعليهَوسلم‬-َ‫عنَعائشةَيفَهجرةَالنيب‬ -َ‫َعلياَرضىَاهللَعنهَأنَيتخلفَعنهَمبكةَحىتَيؤدىَعنَرسولَاهلل‬-‫اهللَعليهَوسلم‬ َ .‫َالودائعَاليتَكانتَعندهَللناس‬-‫صلىَاهللَعليهَوسلم‬ `Aishah narrated that on the occasion of the Prophet’s migration to Medina, “The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) asked `Ali (may Allah be pleased with him) to take his place in Makkah in order to deliver the deposited things to their owners.”11 8 Surah al-Mu’minun, verse 8. Surah al-Nisaa’, verse 58. 10 Surah al-Baqarah, verse 283. 11 Al-Baihaqi, Sunan Al-Kubra, hadith no. 12696. 9 Issued on: 3 August 2016 )a(
2. Wadi `ah 14 of 15 َ‫َأدَاِلمانةَإَلَمنَائتمنكَوالَختنَمن‬:‫عنَأيبَهريرةَعنَالنيبَصلىَاهللَعليهَوسلمَقال‬ .‫خانك‬ Abu-Hurairah narrated that Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said: “Return the trust to those who entrusted you, and do not betray those who betrayed you.”12 The consensus of muslim jurists (ijma`) 5. Muslim jurists have reached ijma` on the permissibility of wadi`ah. 12 Abu Daud, Sunan Abi Daud, hadith no. 3535. Issued on: 3 August 2016 )b(
3. Wadi `ah 15 of 15 Appendix 2 Glossary Terms Amanah Fara’id Ijma` Mal Mithli Mudi` Mukhalafah al-shurut Qard Rahn Ta`addi Taqsir `Urf tijari Wadi` Definition Trusteeship The knowledge or rules on estate distribution according to Islamic principles Consensus of the muslim jurists Fungible asset refers to comparable or interchangeable assets that are valued or treated as the same class of assets Safekeeping depositor Breach of specified terms A contract of lending money by a lender to a borrower where the latter is bound to repay an equivalent replacement amount to the lender. Money may include cash in any currency, gold or silver A contract between a pledgor and a pledgee whereby an asset is pledged as collateral that will be used to fulfill the liability or obligation against the pledgee in the event of default Misconduct Negligence Customary business practice which is acceptable by the community and does not contradict Shariah rulings Custodian Wadi`ah yad amanah Safekeeping based on trusteeship Wakil Issued on: 3 August 2016 Agent